CN111679163A - On-line insulation monitoring device for turns of dry-type reactor - Google Patents
On-line insulation monitoring device for turns of dry-type reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111679163A CN111679163A CN202010525426.4A CN202010525426A CN111679163A CN 111679163 A CN111679163 A CN 111679163A CN 202010525426 A CN202010525426 A CN 202010525426A CN 111679163 A CN111679163 A CN 111679163A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/72—Testing of electric windings
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- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an on-line insulation monitoring device for turns of a dry-type reactor, which comprises an induction coil wound at the end part of the dry-type reactor and detectors respectively connected with the induction coil, wherein each detector comprises a sampling module, a wireless transmission module, a power supply module and a lightning protection device; the detector is also provided with a matched wireless receiver, the signal output of the wireless receiver is connected to a line concentration exchanger through a signal line, the line concentration exchanger is connected with a monitoring terminal through a signal line, and the line concentration exchanger is also provided with a signal line connected with a dry type reactor circuit breaking control terminal. The invention can realize real-time monitoring of turn-to-turn insulation of the dry-type reactor in the transformer substation, can completely monitor the early stage and the mature stage of the turn-to-turn short circuit accident, and has double monitoring and no monitoring error zone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dry-type reactor diagnosis, in particular to an on-line insulation monitoring device for turns of a dry-type reactor.
Background
The dry type reactor is important reactive power compensation equipment of a power system, the quality of the dry type reactor in the market is uneven, the maintenance is not in place, and the burning accidents of the reactor are frequent. The reasons are often found in: improper insulation treatment, crack and water entering of the package, and insulation aging, which finally cause short circuit between turns of the dry reactor and burn of the product, are necessary for monitoring the turn-to-turn insulation of the dry reactor.
At present, the following main monitoring devices for turn-to-turn insulation of dry reactors are available:
1. test device for dry-type reactor after quitting operation
After the dry type electric reactor is withdrawn from operation, turn-to-turn insulation test is carried out to test the turn-to-turn insulation performance, alternating current with any frequency is output, the tested dry type electric reactor and a capacitor connected in parallel with the dry type electric reactor reach resonance frequency, and required test voltage is provided for the two ends of the electric reactor through a high-frequency transformer (see patent number CN201510791199.9 for details). However, since the device is used for inter-turn insulation test before the dry-type reactor leaves factory or during maintenance, the reactor needs to quit the test after operation, and online live monitoring of the equipment on site cannot be realized.
2. Reactor turn-to-turn insulation live monitoring device
The prior art discloses a reactor turn-to-turn insulation live monitoring device (patent number CN108226699A), wherein an induction coil is movably arranged under one of three phases of a reactor, an insulation handle is connected onto the induction coil, a voltmeter is arranged on the insulation handle, voltages with different frequencies are applied to the reactor, and the current changes of a three-phase reactor under different frequencies are contrasted and analyzed to verify whether turn-to-turn insulation faults exist in the air reactor. On one hand, the method needs inspection personnel to be close to the reactor for operation, and when the dry-type reactor operates, the safety operation regulation of the transformer substation is not met; on the other hand, the method needs three-phase data analysis and comparison, and the judgment accuracy of the acquisition method cannot be ensured under the condition that the three-phase data is inaccurate when the three-phase reactors simultaneously have faults; and finally, when the dry-type reactor has a fault, even a signal cannot be cut off for a dispatching system, and the fault reactor is quitted from running. Therefore, the on-line monitoring of the turn-to-turn fault of the dry type reactor needs to monitor the equipment data in real time when the reactor runs, and is provided with background software to check related dynamic data and provide a judgment signal for the switch equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in reality, the invention provides an on-line insulation monitoring device for turns of a dry-type reactor. The device is used for carrying out online monitoring on the turn-to-turn insulation of the dry type reactor based on the principles of a magnetic field difference method and a phase difference method. In the operation process of the dry-type reactor, the interturn bears the power frequency alternating current in the same direction, and the fluctuation stress is generated. The turn-to-turn short circuit occurs due to factors such as inevitable aging of insulating materials or process defects, the turn-to-turn short circuit can be formed in some local areas and positions, the short circuit is monitored, meanwhile, a tripping signal is provided for a circuit breaker of a reactor branch, and real-time monitoring and control of turn-to-turn insulation of the dry-type reactor in a transformer substation can be achieved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, the on-line insulation monitoring device for the interturn of the dry reactor comprises a current transformer and a voltage transformer on a branch of the dry reactor, wherein the current transformer and the voltage transformer are transmitted to a current/voltage transformer acquisition terminal through secondary sampling; the detector is also provided with a matched wireless receiver, the signal output of the wireless receiver is connected to a line concentration exchanger through a signal line, the line concentration exchanger is connected with a monitoring terminal through a signal line, the acquisition terminal of the current/voltage transformer is connected to the line concentration exchanger through a signal line, and the line concentration exchanger is also provided with a circuit breaker control terminal of a signal line connection dry type reactor.
In the above scheme, induction coil twines at the upper and lower both ends of dry-type reactor, induction coil includes induction coil I and induction coil II, the detector includes detector I and detector II, induction coil I and induction coil II correspond connection detector I and detector II respectively, get the electric transformer including getting electric transformer I and getting electric transformer II, get electric transformer I and get electric transformer II and correspond connection detector I and detector II respectively.
In the scheme, the hoop is arranged on the upper end faces of the detector I and the detector II and is fixed on the incoming and outgoing line.
In the above scheme, the power-taking mutual inductor is a current mutual inductor.
In the scheme, the wireless receiver is arranged in the overhaul cabinet, and the horizontal distance between the wireless receiver and the detector is less than or equal to 50 meters.
In the above scheme, the line concentration exchanger is arranged in a substation control cabinet, and the monitoring terminal is arranged in a main control machine room.
The online monitoring principle of the invention is as follows:
in the operation process of the dry-type reactor, the interturn bears equidirectional power frequency alternating current to generate fluctuating stress, the interturn generates short circuit due to factors such as inevitable aging or process defects of an insulating material and the like, the short circuit can be formed in certain local areas and positions, and the development period of the interturn short circuit can be divided into an early stage and a mature stage.
1. The magnetic field distribution of the reactor is a symmetrical and continuously-changed space distribution in a normal state, and the condition of turn-to-turn short circuit occursIn the early stage of a fault, because of its intermittent short-circuit characteristics, the magnetic field distribution is distorted at the fault occurrence position, and this transient distortion is reflected in the induced voltage value of the induction detection coil, i.e. the significant pulse signal, according to the electromagnetic fieldIn principle, this can be induced by a detection coil. The voltage signal induced by the detection coil is a sine waveform with certain distortion, and the waveform is fitted through the sampling data, so that the deviation of the sampling data and the waveform is a random process and is defined as dispersion. The early signal characteristics of the turn-to-turn short circuit fault are random single pulse current or a series of relatively concentrated pulse currents, and reflected on sampling data, the early signal characteristics can obviously deviate from a fitting waveform to form dispersion far higher than normal data fluctuation. Based on the t-test principle of the confidence interval of the discrete random process, for the random process, the digital characteristics of the data waveform are expressed by variance sigma, and the probability of data deviation is greater than 3 sigma and less than 95 percent, and the probability of data deviation is greater than 5 sigma and less than 99 percent.
a) Collecting amount: winding two sections of self-differential coils with equal turns at the end part of the reactor and opposite winding directions, measuring opening voltage Uj and sampling frequency: 5000 pieces/s.
b) Judging quantity: the differential voltage Uj.
d) Random error Dj=Uj-Ej
f) The alarm criteria may be expressed as: d is larger than or equal to k sigma, k is 3-5, and when D is larger than or equal to 4 sigma, turn-to-turn short circuit fault early warning is carried out on the device; and when D is larger than or equal to 5 sigma, alarming the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the device.
2. After the turn-to-turn fault develops to the mature period, a short-circuit ring can be formed, reverse current can be generated in the short-circuit ring according to the electromagnetic induction law, the amplitude of the reverse current is far larger than that of layer current of an original coil, and the short-circuit ring coil and other coils generate mutual inductance due to the fact that the current in the coil changes. The loss value of the reactor with turn-to-turn short circuit fault is much larger than that before the turn-to-turn short circuit fault, and the corresponding phase angle and power factor can also change. When the dry-type reactor normally works, the total voltage and the current have a stable phase relation, and when turn-to-turn short circuit fault occurs, the phase difference between the total voltage and the current of the reactor changes due to the existence of the short-circuit ring, so that whether the reactor fails or not can be detected on line by detecting the change of the phase difference.
a) Collecting amount: reactor voltage UA、UB、UC(ii) a Reactor current IA、IB、ICThe sampling frequency: 5000 pieces/s
b) Judging quantity: reactor voltage current phase difference phi
f) The alarm criteria may be expressed as: the reactor is an inductive element, the phase difference is about 89.9 degrees under normal conditions, turn-to-turn fault early warning is carried out if the change of the phase difference exceeds a normal floating value and is small, and turn-to-turn fault warning is carried out if the change of the phase difference exceeds the normal floating value and is large.
Compared with the prior art, the on-line insulation monitoring device for the turns of the dry-type reactor has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device can realize the on-line monitoring of the turn-to-turn insulation fault of the dry reactor, integrates two monitoring principles, can completely monitor the early stage and the mature stage of the turn-to-turn short circuit accident, monitors doubly and has no monitoring error zone;
2. according to analysis and logic judgment, sending an alarm when equipment fails;
3. the device reserves a null joint and adds the function of cutting off a fault reactor group for a user;
4. the device is provided with a monitoring terminal, so that a report in a graph or table form can be realized, and various alarm modes such as light, sound and the like can be realized;
5. the on-line monitoring device stores historical data, and an analyst can conveniently know the fault development process of the reactor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of a monitoring device on a dry reactor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a control module of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a usage state diagram of the on-line monitoring device.
In the figure, 1 is a dry type reactor, 2 is an induction coil, 3 is an inlet and outlet wire, 4 is a detection coil, 5 is a hoop, 6 is an electricity-taking mutual inductor, 7 is a wireless receiver, 8 is a circuit breaking control terminal, 9 is a line concentration exchanger, 10 is a monitoring terminal, 11 is a sampling module lightning protection device, 12 is a wireless transmission module, 13 is a power supply module, 14 is a lightning protection device, 15 is a current/voltage mutual inductor acquisition terminal, 201 is an induction coil I, 202 is an induction coil II, 301 is an inlet and outlet wire I, 302 is an inlet and outlet wire II, 401 is a detector I, 402 is a detector II, 601 is an electricity-taking mutual inductor I, 602 is an electricity-taking mutual inductor II.
Detailed Description
The insulation on-line monitoring device for turn-to-turn dry reactor of the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of installation of monitoring equipment on a dry reactor of the invention, fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a control module of the invention, and fig. 3 is a use state diagram of an online monitoring device. In the figure, the on-line monitoring device comprises a current transformer and a voltage transformer on a branch of a dry-type reactor, wherein the current transformer and the voltage transformer are conveyed to a current/voltage transformer acquisition terminal 15 through secondary sampling, the current transformer and the voltage transformer comprise an induction coil 2 wound at the end part of the dry-type reactor 1 and a detector 4 respectively connected with the induction coil 2, the detector 4 comprises a sampling module 11, a wireless transmission module 12, a power supply module 13 and a lightning protection device 14, the dry-type reactor 1 comprises an inlet and outlet wire 3 connected to the dry-type reactor 1 and an electricity taking transformer 6 connected with the power supply module 13 and arranged on the inlet and outlet wire 3, and the electricity taking transformer 6 is a current transformer. The detector 4 is fixed on the incoming and outgoing line 3; the detector 4 is also provided with a matched wireless receiver 7, the signal output of the wireless receiver 7 is connected to a line concentration exchanger 9 through a signal line, the line concentration exchanger 9 is connected to a monitoring terminal 10 through a signal line, and a current/voltage transformer acquisition terminal 15 is connected to the line concentration exchanger 9 through a signal line, wherein the current/voltage transformer acquisition terminal 15 acquires a current transformer and a voltage transformer on a branch of the dry-type reactor, and acquires the secondary voltage and current of the dry-type reactor. The line concentration exchanger 9 is also provided with a signal line connection dry reactor disconnection control terminal 8.
Fig. 3 is an online monitoring device use state diagram, in the diagram, induction coil 2 winds at the upper and lower both ends of dry-type reactor 1, induction coil 2 includes induction coil I201 and induction coil II202, detector 4 includes detector I401 and detector II402, induction coil I201 and induction coil II202 correspond respectively and connect detector I401 and detector II402, it includes getting electric transformer I601 and getting electric transformer II602 to get electric transformer 6, get electric transformer I601 and get electric transformer II602 and correspond respectively and connect detector I401 and detector II 402. The upper end faces of the detector I401 and the detector II402 are provided with hoops 5 which are respectively and correspondingly fixed on the incoming and outgoing line I301 and the incoming and outgoing line II 302. The wireless receiver 7 is arranged in the overhaul cabinet, and the horizontal distance between the wireless receiver 7 and the detector 4 is less than or equal to 50 meters. The line concentration exchanger 9 is arranged in the reactor room, and the monitoring terminal 10 is arranged in the main control machine room.
This on-line monitoring device working process:
the induction coil 2 is a self-differential coil and is formed by winding two high-voltage insulating wires with opposite winding directions and equal turns, the diameter of the insulating wire is 1mm2, and a certain distance is reserved between the two wires. The induction voltage of the strong electromagnetic environment is greatly reduced and counteracted by the forward winding structure and the backward winding structure with equal turns, the electromagnetic interference of the environment is counteracted from the two ends of the transmission line, and the weak current signals cannot be influenced. The method is mainly used as a sampling method for monitoring the magnetic field change of the reactor. When the dry-type reactor 1 normally operates, a certain differential voltage value exists at two ends of the induction coil 2, and the voltage is suddenly changed due to the pulse signals at the early stage of turn-to-turn faults. The induction coil 2 is connected to the detector 4, is arranged on an inlet wire 3 and an outlet wire 3 of the dry type reactor 1, and is mainly used for connecting the voltage of the induction coil 2, sampling and detecting the differential voltage value of the induction coil 2 by a magnetic field differential method, analyzing the differential voltage value, and finally transmitting data to the wireless receiver 7 in a wireless mode, wherein the transmission frequency is 230 Hz.
And (II) the power supply of the detector 4 is provided by a power-taking mutual inductor 6, namely a straight-through current mutual inductor, and is arranged on the inlet wire 3 and the outlet wire 3 together with the detector 4, and a power module 13 on the power-taking mutual inductor 6 is arranged in the detector 4, and processes and outputs 24V direct-current voltage after providing alternating current for the power module 13. The wireless receiver 7 is installed within a range of 50 meters away from the detector 4, and mainly functions to receive a signal sent by the input detector 4 after processing, and the wireless receiver 7 receives the signal and outputs the signal to the line concentration exchanger 9 through a 485 line. The line concentration exchanger 9 is arranged in a control cabinet of a protection chamber of a transformer substation, the appearance of the line concentration exchanger is a standard industrial case, and a power supply module, a current transformer, a phase difference module, a relay module, a voltage impact prevention module, an alarm device and other corresponding component modules for data exchange are mainly arranged in the line concentration exchanger.
The dry reactor (III) is generally used by a group of three phases A, B, C at the same time, each phase is provided with an inlet and outlet wire, the online monitoring device simultaneously monitors the three phases, the detector 4, the wireless receiver 7 and the electricity-taking mutual inductor 6 are increased according to the corresponding number of the phases, each phase is two groups, only one line concentration exchanger 9 can be arranged, and the three phases of voltage and current data are simultaneously accessed. Therefore, the voltage and the current of the three-phase reactor are accessed, and the phase difference value of the real-time phase difference method of the reactor is obtained by waveform simulation.
Finally, the line concentration exchanger 9 outputs the differential voltage value of the magnetic field difference method and the phase difference value of the phase difference method to monitoring software installed in the monitoring terminal 10 through a 485 transmission line, and the monitoring software is obtained to analyze and process results; the line concentration exchanger 9 receives a software command sent by the monitoring terminal 10 through another line 485, and then actuates the breaker control terminal 8 to enable the relay to output a switching value to the breaker of the reactor branch circuit for circuit breaking control.
The user can also set the monitoring software of the monitoring terminal 10 independently, and the functions of real-time processing, displaying, storing and the like of the differential voltage value of the magnetic field difference method and the data of the phase difference value of the phase difference method are carried out according to the self requirement, and the functions are divided into nine areas of function setting, online monitoring, parameter setting, early warning history, early warning data, warning music audition, forced quitting, monitoring debugging and simulation monitoring according to the module functions.
The invention provides a dry-type reactor turn-to-turn insulation on-line monitoring device and two monitoring methods, solves the technical problems that the prior art can not monitor the turn-to-turn insulation faults of the dry-type reactor, the turn-to-turn discharge and even the short circuit of the dry-type reactor, and provides a tripping signal for a breaker of a reactor branch, can realize the real-time monitoring of the turn-to-turn insulation of the dry-type reactor in a transformer substation, can realize the on-line monitoring of the turn-to-turn insulation faults of the dry-type reactor, integrates the two monitoring principles, and can completely monitor the early and mature periods of the turn-to-turn short circuit accidents, realize double monitoring and have no.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an insulating nature on-line monitoring device for dry-type reactor interturn, includes current transformer and the voltage transformer on the dry-type reactor branch road, and current transformer and voltage transformer carry to current/voltage transformer collection terminal (15) after the subsampling, its characterized in that: the dry type electric reactor is characterized by further comprising an induction coil (2) wound at the end part of the dry type electric reactor (1) and a detector (4) respectively connected with the induction coil (2), wherein the detector (4) comprises a sampling module (11), a wireless transmission module (12), a power supply module (13) and a lightning protection device (14), the dry type electric reactor (1) comprises an incoming and outgoing line (3) connected with the dry type electric reactor and an electricity taking mutual inductor (6) connected with the power supply module (13) and arranged on the incoming and outgoing line (3), and the detector (4) is fixed on the incoming and outgoing line (3); the detector (4) is also provided with a matched wireless receiver (7), the signal output of the wireless receiver (7) is connected to a line concentration exchanger (9) through a signal line, the line concentration exchanger (9) is connected with a monitoring terminal (10) through a signal line, the current/voltage transformer acquisition terminal (15) is connected to the line concentration exchanger (9) through a signal line, and the line concentration exchanger (9) is also provided with a circuit breaking control terminal (8) of a signal line connection dry type reactor (1).
2. The on-line insulation monitoring device for the turns of the dry-type reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: induction coil (2) winding is at the upper and lower both ends of dry-type reactor (1), induction coil (2) are including induction coil I (201) and induction coil II (202), detector (4) are including detector I (401) and detector II (402), induction coil I (201) and induction coil II (202) correspond respectively and connect detector I (401) and detector II (402), get electric transformer (6) including getting electric transformer I (601) and getting electric transformer II (602), it corresponds connection detector I (401) and detector II (402) respectively to get electric transformer I (601) and get electric transformer II (602).
3. The on-line insulation monitoring device for the turns of the dry-type reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upper end faces of the detector I (401) and the detector II (402) are provided with hoops (5), and the hoops (5) are fixed on the incoming and outgoing lines (3).
4. The on-line insulation monitoring device for the turns of the dry-type reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electricity-taking mutual inductor (6) is a current mutual inductor.
5. The on-line insulation monitoring device for the turns of the dry-type reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wireless receiver (7) is arranged in the overhaul cabinet, and the horizontal distance between the wireless receiver (7) and the detector (4) is less than or equal to 50 meters.
6. The on-line insulation monitoring device for the turns of the dry-type reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the line concentration exchanger (9) is arranged in a transformer substation control cabinet, and the monitoring terminal (10) is arranged in a main control machine room.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112230168A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-15 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司盐城供电分公司 | Reactor winding fault detection system based on magnetic field acquisition and detection method thereof |
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WO2022096121A1 (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-05-12 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Monitoring the operation of an electrical coil assembly |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2022096121A1 (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-05-12 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Monitoring the operation of an electrical coil assembly |
CN112230168A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-15 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司盐城供电分公司 | Reactor winding fault detection system based on magnetic field acquisition and detection method thereof |
CN113447782A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-09-28 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Coil equipment turn insulation state monitoring device, system and monitoring method |
EP4450992A1 (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2024-10-23 | HSP Hochspannungsgeräte GmbH | Method for monitoring an electrical device comprising at least one coil for winding short circuits, monitoring device, use and arrangement |
WO2024217797A1 (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2024-10-24 | Hsp Hochspannungsgeräte Gmbh | Method for monitoring an electrical device comprising at least one coil for winding short circuits, monitoring device, use and arrangement |
CN116520196A (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2023-08-01 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | On-line monitoring method for turn-to-turn short circuit fault of dry type air-core reactor |
CN116520196B (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2023-09-22 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | On-line monitoring method for turn-to-turn short circuit fault of dry type air-core reactor |
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