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CN111631073B - Method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates - Google Patents

Method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111631073B
CN111631073B CN202010596664.4A CN202010596664A CN111631073B CN 111631073 B CN111631073 B CN 111631073B CN 202010596664 A CN202010596664 A CN 202010596664A CN 111631073 B CN111631073 B CN 111631073B
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jujube
spraying
spores
trees
garden
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CN111631073A (en
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万素梅
毛廷勇
李燕芳
马银虎
陈小飞
田玉刚
董红强
马小艳
陈佳林
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Tarim University
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Tarim University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23—Solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
    • C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
    • C12Q1/06—Quantitative determination

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates, which comprises the following steps: sampling before and after spraying pesticide on a jujube garden by using a portable spore capturing instrument in the germination stage, the young fruit stage, the rapid fruit growth stage and the mature stage of the jujube tree, and detecting the number of spores; respectively spraying crystal lime sulfur mixture diluent in the deciduous stage and the germinating stage of the jujube tree; spraying polyoxin and thiram wettable powder diluent in the young fruit period of the jujube trees; when the number of spores in the jujube garden is rapidly increased, the jujube trees are in a state that fruits are rapidly increased for a long time: spraying pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole compound liquid medicine; the jujube tree is in a mature period: spraying thiram wettable powder diluent. The method for preventing and treating the black spot disease of the red dates can be used for treating the black spot disease in advance before the jujube trees have diseases through a method combining prevention and treatment, so that the black spot disease is effectively prevented, and meanwhile, the method can be used for reducing the application times, reducing the environmental pollution and being beneficial to sustainable development.

Description

Method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of red date planting, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates.
Background
The Tarim basin has rich photo-thermal resources, total solar radiation reaches 575-627 kilojoules per square centimeter, annual sunshine hours in the north of about 3000 hours and in the south of less than 3000 hours, belongs to a warm climate, is a long-standing 'countryside of melons and fruits', is determined as a high-quality red date production area in China, is a good fruit, has a good name of vitamin pills, and has high planting value.
With the enlargement of the cultivation area and the planting scale of the red dates, the number of types of red date diseases is obviously increased, and the disease incidence area is gradually enlarged. In recent years, the incidence of red date black spot disease is continuously increased, the quality and the yield of red dates are seriously affected, and the red date black spot disease is harmful to red date trees, pathogenic bacteria of the red date black spot disease are fungi of deuteromycotina and pseudocercospora of the red dates, the symptom after the leaf disease is that the edge of the tip of the new red date leaf is brownish after the new red date leaf is infected, the tip of the leaf is curled to the front, the leaf is scorched and fragile, a green mildew layer is generated at the curled part of the leaf when the humidity is high, small brown points with the size of the needle point appear firstly after the mature leaf disease, the disease is expanded into a round or nearly round disease spot along with the disease development, the outer edge of the disease spot is yellow, the inner edge of the disease spot is blackish brown, the center is grey, the disease health junction is obvious, the disease spot of the back of the leaf is small compared with the disease spot on the front, the edge is yellowish brown, the disease health junction is fuzzy, and the red date leaf is not easy to infect black spot disease usually; the pathogenic bacteria of the fruit after disease infection are mainly infected at the coloring stage of the jujube fruit, the disease points are gradually enlarged into round or irregular dark brown disease spots at the waist and shoulder of the jujube fruit at the initial stage of disease infection, the disease spots are slightly raised and shrunk at the later stage of disease infection, the pulp under the disease spots is in a soil yellow color and is mixed with other colors, the pulp is in a spongy shape, and the pulp diseased tissue is dug out to form a round pit. Therefore, the method has important significance for the sustainable development of agriculture by effectively preventing and treating the black spot disease of the red dates in the area.
In the prior art, the control of the black spot disease of red dates is usually only to control the black spot disease of the jujube trees, and various bactericides are singly used for treatment, so that the effect is extremely poor, the effect of preventing the black spot disease cannot be achieved, the influence of the black spot disease on jujube fruits and jujube leaves cannot be removed, bacteria can easily generate antibodies in the past for a long time, the environment is polluted, and the control of the black spot disease fails, so that a control method combining prevention and control is provided, and the control effect of the black spot disease is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling black spot disease of red dates, comprising:
firstly, in the defoliation period of the previous crop of the jujube tree, the rotten fruits and fallen leaves are cleaned in time, after the jujube leaves are fallen out, 20-30 times of diluent of 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunk, branches and soil surface of the jujube tree, and each 667m of diluent is sprayed2Spraying 25-30 kg;
step two, inputting nutrient solution for preventing pest and disease damage invasion and improving growth and development of the jujube trees into the jujube trees through a transfusion bag in the germination stage of the jujube trees, and spraying 200-fold and 300-fold diluent of 45 percent crystal lime sulfur mixture to the trunks and branches of the jujube trees, wherein each 667m of diluent is2Spraying 10-15kg, spraying pesticide in a jujube garden by using a portable spore trapping instrument, sampling before and after nutrient solution infusion of jujube trees, detecting the number of spores, and performing pathological judgment according to the appearance of jujube leaves of the jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step three, spraying a composite bactericide with prevention and treatment effects in the young fruit period of the jujube trees: 0.75 percent polyoxin and 25.75 percent thiram wettable powder 200-fold and 300-fold diluent for each 667m2Spraying 30-50kg, sampling before and after spraying medicine in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and performing pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step four, in the rapid fruit growth period, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, carrying out pathological judgment by combining the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 1000-fold 2000-fold diluent compounded by 25 percent of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole with the mass ratio of 1:3 when the number of detected spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein each 667m of the diluent is2Spraying 35-40kg for 2-3 times,the interval is 10-15 days each time, 5-10 days after spraying, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore trapping instrument, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the morbidity of jujube trees;
step five, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument in the fruit maturation period, detecting the number of spores, carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 500-fold 800-fold diluent of 50% thiram wettable powder when the detected number of the spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein the diluent is used for every 667m2Spraying 50-60kg, 6-8 days every time, forbidding pesticide application 15 days before picking, sampling in jujube garden by portable spore catcher 5-8 days after spraying, detecting spore amount, and calculating the incidence of jujube tree.
Preferably, the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the second step is the buds and branches of the jujube tree, and the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the third, fourth and fifth steps is the fruits and branches and leaves of the jujube tree.
Preferably, the application time is morning, evening or windless cloudy day in windless sunny days, and the environmental temperature is lower than 25 ℃.
Preferably, an electric sprayer is used during spraying, and a spray head of the electric sprayer is a seven-hole agricultural high-pressure spray head with a windshield.
Preferably, the preparation of the nutrient solution in the third step comprises the following steps:
the following raw materials are contained in each 1L of water:
4-7 mg of ferric citrate, 4-6 mg of diammonium phosphate, 3-6 mg of amino acid, 1-3 mg of glucose, 2-5 mg of potassium chloride, 1-5 mg of sodium borate, 0.5-0.9 mg of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, 1-2 mg of indolebutyric acid, 0.3-0.8 mg of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5-1 mg of benzimidazole, 0.2-0.5 mg of calcium nitrate, 0.1-0.5 mg of ferrous sulfate, 5-8 mg of zinc sulfate and 0.5-1.2 mg of ammonium molybdate.
Preferably, the portable spore trap comprises:
the glass slide glass box comprises a box body, wherein a box door is arranged on one surface of the box body, a top cover is arranged at the upper end of the box body, a first filter screen is symmetrically arranged on the box body below the top cover, the box door is positioned below the first filter screen, a second filter screen and a funnel are sequentially and detachably arranged in the box body from top to bottom, a storage battery and a support table are arranged at the bottom end inside the box body, the support table is positioned below the funnel, a square groove is formed in the end face of the support table, a support plate for bearing a glass slide is placed in the square groove, semicircular bulges are symmetrically arranged on the support plate, a pipeline fan is arranged on the side wall of the box body, the pipeline fan is connected with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, one end of the air inlet pipe is positioned below the end face of the support table, one end of the air outlet pipe penetrates through the box body and is positioned outside the box body and perpendicular to the ground, and a third filter screen is arranged at the end of the air outlet pipe;
the box body is provided with a box body side face, the box body side face is provided with a first support and a second support, the box body side face is provided with a positioning hole, the positioning hole is used for allowing a positioning pin to penetrate through the first support, the bottom end of the second support is provided with a positioning piece, and the middle part of the positioning piece is provided with a circular hole used for allowing the support to be fixed on the ground;
wherein, the detachable connection mode of the second filter screen, the funnel and the box body is: the box body is symmetrically provided with limiting clamping strips, the edges of the second filter screen and the funnel are mutually clamped with the limiting clamping strips, the funnel is square, and the side surface of the funnel is an inclined surface; the glass slide clamping device is characterized in that the support plate is provided with four placing cavities for placing glass slides, the inner wall of each placing cavity is symmetrically provided with strip-shaped grooves for clamping the glass slides, and the length of each strip-shaped groove is smaller than that of each glass slide.
Preferably, the first filter screen and the third filter screen are 20-mesh stainless steel filter screens, and the second filter screen is a 200-mesh nylon filter screen.
Preferably, when the portable spore trap is used for sampling, the sampling is carried out by the following two ways:
the method comprises the following steps that in sampling, a portable spore capture instrument is directly placed on the soil surface between jujube trees in a jujube garden to collect, and the collected position is located in the middle of the jujube garden;
and in the second mode, the portable spore capture instrument is directly placed between the jujube trees in the jujube garden during sampling, the height of the portable spore capture instrument is consistent with that of the crowns of the jujube trees by adjusting the support, and the collected position is located in the middle of the jujube garden.
Preferably, the rotten fruits and fallen leaves in the first step are treated by mixing lime and then burying.
Preferably, the detection of the number of spores in the first step comprises the following steps: performing microscopic examination and counting on the glass slide obtained by the portable spore capture instrument, wherein the glass slide with less number of spores is subjected to full-wave plate microscopic examination; when the number of spores reaches 50, dividing the glass slide into five equal parts, and sequentially marking the number as N1，N2，N3，N4，N5And to N2And N4Partially microscopic to obtain N2And N4After part of the number of spores, averaging and estimating the number of spores on the whole slide;
wherein, the period of spore number collection comprises: the germination stage, young fruit stage, rapid fruit growth stage, mature stage and fallen leaf stage of jujube tree.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. in the prior art, generally, the disease of the black spot disease of the jujube tree is treated by spraying pesticides, at the moment, although the black spot disease can be treated, the influence of the black spot disease on the jujube fruits and jujube leaves cannot be removed, therefore, the prevention and treatment method of the invention comprises the steps of spraying pesticides in the early stage and dripping nutrient solution into the jujube tree in a matched manner, supplementing various nutrient substances required by the growth of the jujube tree, enhancing the growth vigor of the jujube tree, enhancing the disease resistance of the jujube tree, preventing the black spot disease, sampling by using a spore capture instrument, detecting and judging the number of spores of pathogenic bacteria of the black spot disease in the jujube garden, increasing the number of the spores in the jujube garden, spraying pesticides in the early stage before the disease of the jujube tree occurs, greatly reducing the disease rate of the jujube tree, simultaneously reducing the generation of the diseased fruits, ensuring the quality of the jujube fruits, reducing the pesticide application times and reducing the environmental pollution, is beneficial to sustainable development.
2. According to the portable spore trapping instrument, sampling is required to be carried out at different heights of the jujube garden, and the traditional spore trapping instrument is inconvenient to use, so that the portable spore trapping instrument is designed, has a simple structure and lower cost, can be used on soil surfaces with different heights in the jujube garden, is convenient to adjust the height, and has a better spore collecting effect.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a height adjustment apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the device of the present invention when located on the ground;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the case provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second screen according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a funnel structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a carrier structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a slide being divided according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
A method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates comprises the following steps:
firstly, in the defoliation period of the previous crop of the jujube tree, the rotten fruits and fallen leaves are cleaned in time, after the jujube leaves are fallen out, 20-30 times of diluent of 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunk, branches and soil surface of the jujube tree, and each 667m of diluent is sprayed2Spraying 25-30 kg;
step two, inputting the jujube trees by an infusion bag in the sprouting period of the jujube trees to prevent the invasion of plant diseases and insect pests and improve the growth and development of the jujube treesSpraying 200-300 times of 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture as diluent to the trunks and branches of the jujube trees simultaneously, wherein each 667m of diluent is2Spraying 10-15kg, spraying pesticide in a jujube garden by using a portable spore trapping instrument, sampling before and after nutrient solution infusion of jujube trees, detecting the number of spores, and performing pathological judgment according to the appearance of jujube leaves of the jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step three, spraying a composite bactericide with prevention and treatment effects in the young fruit period of the jujube trees: 0.75 percent polyoxin and 25.75 percent thiram wettable powder 200-fold and 300-fold diluent for each 667m2Spraying 30-50kg, sampling before and after spraying medicine in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and performing pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step four, in the rapid fruit growth period, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, carrying out pathological judgment by combining the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 1000-fold 2000-fold diluent compounded by 25 percent of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole with the mass ratio of 1:3 when the number of detected spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein each 667m of the diluent is2Spraying 35-40kg for 2-3 times at an interval of 10-15 days, 5-10 days after spraying, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees;
step five, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument in the fruit maturation period, detecting the number of spores, carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 500-fold 800-fold diluent of 50% thiram wettable powder when the detected number of the spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein the diluent is used for every 667m2Spraying 50-60kg, 6-8 days every time, forbidding pesticide application 15 days before picking, sampling in jujube garden by portable spore catcher 5-8 days after spraying, detecting spore amount, and calculating the incidence of jujube tree.
In the technical scheme, the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the second step is the scion and branch of the jujube tree, and the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step is the fruit and branch and leaf of the jujube tree.
In the technical scheme, the application time is in the morning, evening or in the calm and cloudy days in the windless and sunny days, and the environmental temperature is lower than 25 ℃ when the application is carried out. By adopting the mode, the external environment is limited when the liquid medicine is sprayed, and the drug effect of the liquid medicine is ensured, thereby ensuring the sterilization effect.
In the technical scheme, the electric spraying machine is used during spraying, and the spray head of the electric spraying machine is a seven-hole agricultural high-pressure spray head with a windshield. By adopting the mode, the seven-hole agricultural high-pressure spray head with the windshield can ensure that the liquid medicine can be uniformly sprayed in the process of spraying the liquid medicine.
In the above technical scheme, the preparation of the nutrient solution in step three comprises:
the following raw materials are contained in each 1L of water:
4-7 mg of ferric citrate, 4-6 mg of diammonium phosphate, 3-6 mg of amino acid, 1-3 mg of glucose, 2-5 mg of potassium chloride, 1-5 mg of sodium borate, 0.5-0.9 mg of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, 1-2 mg of indolebutyric acid, 0.3-0.8 mg of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5-1 mg of benzimidazole, 0.2-0.5 mg of calcium nitrate, 0.1-0.5 mg of ferrous sulfate, 5-8 mg of zinc sulfate and 0.5-1.2 mg of ammonium molybdate.
In the above technical solution, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the portable spore trap includes:
the glass slide glass box comprises a box body 1, wherein a box door 11 is arranged on one surface of the box body 1, a top cover 12 is arranged at the upper end of the box body 1, a first filter screen 2 is symmetrically arranged on the box body below the top cover 12, the box door 11 is positioned below the first filter screen 2, a second filter screen 3 and a funnel 4 are sequentially arranged in the box body 1 from top to bottom, a storage battery 5 and a support table 6 are arranged at the bottom end inside the box body 1, the support table 6 is positioned below the funnel 4, a square groove (not shown) is arranged on the end surface of the support table 6, a support plate 7 for bearing glass slides is arranged in the square groove (not shown), semicircular bulges 71 are symmetrically arranged on the support plate 7, a pipeline fan 13 is arranged on the side wall of the box body 1, the pipeline fan 13 is connected with an air inlet pipe 131 and an air outlet pipe 132, one end of the air inlet pipe 131 is positioned below the end surface of the support table 6, and one end of the air outlet pipe 132 passes through the box body 1, the end part of the box body 1 is provided with a third filter screen (not shown);
the box body 1 comprises a box body, four symmetrically arranged supports 8 and a positioning plate, wherein the supports 8 are rotatably connected to the bottom end of the side face of the box body 1 through pin shafts 801, each support 8 comprises a first support 81 and a second support 82, the end part of the first support 81 is located in the second support 82, a positioning screw 802 penetrating through the second support 82 is arranged at the top end of the second support 81, the positioning screw 802 is in contact with the first support 81, a positioning plate 83 is arranged at the bottom end of the support 8, and a circular hole (not shown) for allowing a positioning pin 9 to penetrate through is formed in the middle of the positioning plate 83 to enable the supports to be fixed on the ground;
wherein, the detachable connection mode of the second filter screen 3, the funnel 4 and the box body 1 is: the box body is symmetrically provided with limiting clamping strips 101, the edges of the second filter screen 3 and the funnel 4 are mutually clamped with the limiting clamping strips 101, the funnel 4 is square, and the side surface 41 is an inclined surface; the carrier plate 7 is provided with four placing cavities 72 for placing glass slides (not shown), the inner walls of the placing cavities 72 are symmetrically provided with elongated grooves 701 for clamping the glass slides, and the lengths of the elongated grooves 701 are smaller than the lengths of the glass slides.
Connect the power of pipeline fan, close the chamber door, carry out the collection of spore, in above-mentioned technical scheme, first filter screen 2, third filter screen (not shown) are 20 mesh stainless steel filter screens, second filter screen 3 is 200 mesh nylon filter screens. By adopting the mode, the portable spore trapping instrument is convenient to carry, simple to manufacture and low in cost, when the number of the spores with the height of the tree crown needs to be measured, the relative height of the first support and the second support is adjusted, the first support and the second support are relatively fixed by screwing the positioning screw, the box body is made to be horizontal by adjusting the height of the ground in the jujube garden, the positioning pin penetrates through the positioning piece to fix the supports, the situation that the box body is toppled due to overhigh gravity center is avoided, after the fixation is finished, the second filter screen and the funnel are pushed and clamped along the respective limiting clamping strips, the glass slide is pushed into the placing cavity along the strip-shaped groove, the support plate is placed in the groove of the support platform, the box door is closed, the power supply of the pipeline fan is opened, the collection of the spores is carried out, the spores scattered in the air are under the suction force of the pipeline fan in the collection process, through first filter screen and second filter screen respectively, through the collection of funnel, drop and be collected on the slide glass, collect the completion back, when needing to take out the support plate, take out the support plate through the semicircular bulge at support plate both ends of taking, it is quick and convenient. The first filter screen and the second filter screen can prevent fine objects in the air from falling on the glass slide to influence the subsequent microscopic examination technology, and the third filter screen (not shown) can prevent small animals and objects from entering the pipeline; the air-supply line accessible bonding mode is fixed in a supporting bench below, and the bottom surface of the port perpendicular to box of air-supply line, adopts this kind of mode fixed, avoids making at the in-process that the air-supply line induced drafts, can not exert an influence to a supporting bench top, can avoid at the suction fan in the course of the work, directly will enter into the inside spore of box and directly siphons away, leads to the error increase.
In the technical scheme, when the portable spore capture instrument is used for sampling, sampling is carried out in the following two ways:
the method comprises the following steps that in sampling, a portable spore capture instrument is directly placed on the soil surface between jujube trees in a jujube garden to collect, and the collected position is located in the middle of the jujube garden;
and in the second mode, the portable spore capture instrument is directly placed between the jujube trees in the jujube garden during sampling, the height of the portable spore capture instrument is consistent with that of the crowns of the jujube trees by adjusting the support, and the collected position is located in the middle of the jujube garden.
In the technical scheme, the method for treating rotten fruits and fallen leaves in the first step is to mix lime and bury the rotten fruits and fallen leaves.
In the above technical scheme, the detection of the number of spores in the first step comprises the following steps: performing microscopic examination and counting on the glass slide obtained by the portable spore capture instrument, wherein the glass slide with less number of spores is subjected to full-wave plate microscopic examination; dividing the glass slide into five equal parts when the number of spores reaches 100, and sequentially marking the number as N1，N2，N3，N4，N5And to N2And N4A portion was subjected to microscopic examination as shown in FIG. 7 to obtain N2And N4After part of the number of spores, averaging and estimating the number of spores on the whole slide;
wherein, the period of spore number collection comprises: the germination stage, young fruit stage, rapid fruit growth stage, mature stage and fallen leaf stage of jujube tree.
Example 1:
a method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates comprises the following steps:
firstly, in the defoliation period of the previous crop of the jujube tree, the rotten fruits and fallen leaves are cleaned in time, after the jujube leaves are fallen out, 20 times of diluent of 45 percent crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunk, branches and soil surface of the jujube tree, and each 667m of diluent is sprayed2Spraying 25 kg;
inputting nutrient solution for preventing pest and disease damage invasion and improving growth and development of the jujube trees into the jujube trees through an infusion bag in the germination stage of the jujube trees, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps: the following raw materials are contained in each 1L of water: 4mg of ferric citrate, 4mg of diammonium phosphate, 3mg of amino acid, 1mg of glucose, 2mg of potassium chloride, 1mg of sodium borate, 0.5mg of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, 1mg of indolebutyric acid, 0.3mg of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5mg of benzimidazole, 0.2mg of calcium nitrate, 0.1mg of ferrous sulfate, 5mg of zinc sulfate and 0.5mg of ammonium molybdate, and 200 times of 45 percent of crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunks and branches of the jujube trees, and each 667m of the jujube trees is sprayed with 200 times of diluent of 45 percent crystal lime sulfur mixture2Spraying 10kg, spraying pesticide in a jujube garden by using a portable spore trapping instrument, sampling before and after nutrient solution infusion of jujube trees, detecting the number of spores, and performing pathological judgment according to the appearance of jujube leaves of the jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step three, spraying a composite bactericide with prevention and treatment effects in the young fruit period of the jujube trees: 0.75% polyoxin and 25.75% thiram wettable powder 200 times of diluent, each 667m2Spraying 30kg, sampling before and after spraying medicine in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, performing pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of jujube trees, and calculating the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step four, in the rapid fruit growth period, a portable spore capture instrument is used for sampling in the jujube garden, pathological judgment is carried out by combining the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and when the detected jujube gardenWhen the number of endospores is more than 100, spraying 1000 times of diluent compounded by 25 percent of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole in a mass ratio of 1:3, wherein each 667m of the diluent is2Spraying 35kg for 2 times at an interval of 10 days every time, spraying for 5 days, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees;
step five, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument in the fruit maturation period, detecting the number of spores, carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 500 times of 50% thiram wettable powder when the detected number of the spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein each 667m of the dilution is2Spraying 50kg, 6 days every time, forbidding pesticide application 15 days before picking, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument 5 days after spraying, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees.
The main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step two is the buds and branches of the jujube trees, and the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step three, the step four and the step five is the fruits and branches and leaves of the jujube trees; the pesticide application time is in the morning of windless sunny days, the environmental temperature is lower than 25 ℃, an electric sprayer is used during spraying, and a spray head of the electric sprayer is a seven-hole agricultural high-pressure spray with a windshield.
TABLE 1 number of date orchard spores and jujube tree incidence in example 1
Figure BDA0002557597850000101
In table 1, the incidence was calculated as:
Figure BDA0002557597850000102
marking 1 lateral branch in 4 directions of east, south, west and north of each jujube tree, and surveying and recording the number and total number of the disease of jujube leaves and jujube fruits on each branch every 4-5d, thereby calculating the disease leaf rate and disease fruit rate of the jujube trees.
The calculating method of the number of the spores comprises the following steps: will pass through the portable sporePerforming microscopic examination and counting on glass slides obtained by the capture instrument at different heights and including the relative heights of the trunk and the crown, wherein the glass slide with less spores is subjected to full-wave plate microscopic examination; when the number of spores reaches 50, dividing the glass slide into five equal parts, and sequentially marking the number as N1，N2，N3，N4，N5And to N2And N4Partially microscopic to obtain N2And N4And after partial spore numbers are obtained, averaging, estimating the number of spores on the whole glass slide, sequentially calculating the number of spores on four glass slides, and averaging to obtain the number of spores in the table.
Example 2:
a method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates comprises the following steps:
firstly, in the defoliation period of the previous crop of the jujube tree, the rotten fruits and fallen leaves are cleaned in time, after the jujube leaves are fallen out, 25 times of diluent of 45 percent crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunk, branches and soil surface of the jujube tree, and each 667m of diluent is sprayed2Spraying 27 kg;
inputting nutrient solution for preventing pest and disease damage invasion and improving growth and development of the jujube trees into the jujube trees through an infusion bag in the germination stage of the jujube trees, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps: the following raw materials are contained in each 1L of water: 6mg of ferric citrate, 5mg of diammonium phosphate, 5mg of amino acid, 2mg of glucose, 3mg of potassium chloride, 3mg of sodium borate, 0.7mg of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, 1.5mg of indolebutyric acid, 0.5mg of naphthylacetic acid, 0.7mg of benzimidazole, 0.4mg of calcium nitrate, 0.3mg of ferrous sulfate, 7mg of zinc sulfate and 0.9mg of ammonium molybdate, and meanwhile, 250 times of 45% of crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunks and branches of the jujube trees, and each 667m of the mixture is diluted by weight2Spraying 13kg, spraying pesticide in a jujube garden by using a portable spore trapping instrument, sampling before and after nutrient solution infusion of jujube trees, detecting the number of spores, and performing pathological judgment according to the appearance of jujube leaves of the jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step three, spraying a composite bactericide with prevention and treatment effects in the young fruit period of the jujube trees: 0.75% polyoxin and 25.75% thiram wettable powder 250 times of diluent, each 667m2Spraying 40kg, and spraying in the jujube garden with a portable spore catcher before and after sprayingSampling, detecting the number of spores, carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube trees, and calculating the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step four, in the rapid fruit growth period, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, carrying out pathological judgment by combining the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 1500 times of diluent compounded by 25 percent of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole with the mass ratio of 1:3 when the detected number of spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein every 667m is2Spraying 37kg of the Chinese date tree for 2 times at intervals of 12 days, spraying for 8 days, sampling in a Chinese date garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of the Chinese date tree;
step five, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument in the fruit maturation period, detecting the number of spores, carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 650 times of 50% thiram wettable powder when the detected number of the spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein the dilution is used every 667m2Spraying 55kg, 7 days every time, forbidding pesticide application 15 days before picking, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument 6 days after pesticide application, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees.
The main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step two is the buds and branches of the jujube trees, and the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step three, the step four and the step five is the fruits and branches and leaves of the jujube trees; the pesticide application time is in the morning of windless sunny days, the environmental temperature is lower than 25 ℃, an electric sprayer is used during spraying, and a spray head of the electric sprayer is a seven-hole agricultural high-pressure spray with a windshield. The calculation method of the number of spores and incidence rate was the same as in example 1.
TABLE 2 number of date orchard spores and jujube tree incidence in example 2
Figure BDA0002557597850000121
Example 3:
a method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates comprises the following steps:
firstly, in the defoliation period of the previous crop of the jujube tree, the rotten fruits and fallen leaves are cleaned in time, after the jujube leaves are fallen out, 30 times of diluent of 45 percent crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunk, branches and soil surface of the jujube tree, and each 667m of diluent is sprayed2Spraying 30 kg;
inputting nutrient solution for preventing pest and disease damage invasion and improving growth and development of the jujube trees into the jujube trees through an infusion bag in the germination stage of the jujube trees, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps: the following raw materials are contained in each 1L of water: 7mg of ferric citrate, 6mg of diammonium phosphate, 6mg of amino acid, 3mg of glucose, 5mg of potassium chloride, 5mg of sodium borate, 0.9mg of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, 2mg of indolebutyric acid, 0.8mg of naphthylacetic acid, 1mg of benzimidazole, 0.5mg of calcium nitrate, 0.5mg of ferrous sulfate, 8mg of zinc sulfate and 1.2mg of ammonium molybdate, and 300 times of 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture diluent is sprayed on the trunks and branches of the jujube trees, and each 667m of diluent is sprayed on the trunks and branches of the jujube trees2Spraying 15kg, spraying pesticide in a jujube garden by using a portable spore trapping instrument, sampling before and after nutrient solution infusion of jujube trees, detecting the number of spores, and carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearance of jujube leaves of the jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step three, spraying a composite bactericide with prevention and treatment effects in the young fruit period of the jujube trees: 300 times of diluent of 0.75 percent polyoxin and 25.75 percent thiram wettable powder, each 667m2Spraying 50kg, sampling before and after spraying pesticide in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, performing pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of jujube trees, and calculating the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step four, in the rapid fruit growth period, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, carrying out pathological judgment by combining the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 2000 times of diluent compounded by 25% pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole with the mass ratio of 1:3 when the detected number of spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein every 667m of the diluent is2Spraying 40kg for 3 times at an interval of 15 days each time, spraying for 10 days, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees;
step five, in the fruit mature period, the portable spore catcher is used for carrying out the operation in the jujube gardenSampling, detecting the number of spores, carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of jujube trees, and spraying 800 times of 50% thiram wettable powder diluent every 667m when the number of the detected spores in a jujube garden is more than 1002Spraying 60kg, 8 days every time, forbidding pesticide application 15 days before picking, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument 8 days after spraying, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees.
The main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step two is the buds and branches of the jujube trees, and the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step three, the step four and the step five is the fruits and branches and leaves of the jujube trees; the pesticide application time is in the morning of windless sunny days, the environmental temperature is lower than 25 ℃, an electric sprayer is used during spraying, and a spray head of the electric sprayer is a seven-hole agricultural high-pressure spray with a windshield. The calculation method of the number of spores and incidence rate was the same as in example 1.
TABLE 3 number of date orchard spores and jujube Tree morbidity in example 3
Figure BDA0002557597850000131
Through comparing the number of spores in tables 1-3 with the morbidity, can judge, spout the medicine prevention through the earlier stage and through carrying the nutrient solution to the jujube tree, strengthen the disease resistance of jujube tree, reduce the probability that the black spot disease takes place for the jujube tree, can play better prevention effect, the jujube fruit of jujube tree is infected with the black spot disease more easily than the jujube leaf, and through at the initial stage of onset, according to the quantity of spores, take in advance and spout the medicine measure, can in time restrain the development of black spot disease, in time control the black spot disease, can reach better treatment, avoid the quantity of sick fruit to further enlarge.
Comparative example 1:
a method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates comprises the following steps:
firstly, in the defoliation period of the previous crop of the jujube tree, the rotten fruits and fallen leaves are cleaned in time, after the jujube leaves are fallen out, 20 times of diluent of 45 percent crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunk, branches and soil surface of the jujube tree, and each 667m of diluent is sprayed2Spraying 25 kg;
step two, inputting nutrient solution for preventing pest and disease damage invasion and improving growth and development of the jujube trees into the jujube trees through a transfusion bag in the germination period of the jujube trees, and spraying 200 times of diluent of 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture to trunks and branches of the jujube trees, wherein each 667m of the diluent is used for the jujube trees2Spraying 10kg, spraying pesticide in a jujube garden by using a portable spore trapping instrument, sampling before and after nutrient solution infusion of jujube trees, detecting the number of spores, and performing pathological judgment according to the appearance of jujube leaves of the jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step three, spraying a composite bactericide with prevention and treatment effects in the young fruit period of the jujube trees: 0.75% polyoxin and 25.75% thiram wettable powder 200 times of diluent, each 667m2Spraying 30kg, sampling before and after spraying medicine in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, performing pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of jujube trees, and calculating the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step four, in the rapid fruit growth period, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, carrying out pathological judgment by combining the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 1000 times of diluent compounded by 25% pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole with the mass ratio of 1:3 when the detected number of spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein each 667m of the diluent is2Spraying 35kg for 2 times at an interval of 10 days every time, spraying for 5 days, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees;
step five, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument in the fruit maturation period, detecting the number of spores, carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 500 times of 50% thiram wettable powder when the detected number of the spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein each 667m of the dilution is2Spraying 50kg, 6 days every time, forbidding pesticide application 15 days before picking, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument 5 days after spraying, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees.
The main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step two is the buds and branches of the jujube trees, and the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step three, the step four and the step five is the fruits and branches and leaves of the jujube trees; the pesticide application time is in the morning of windless sunny days, the environmental temperature is lower than 25 ℃, an electric sprayer is used during spraying, and a spray head of the electric sprayer is a seven-hole agricultural high-pressure spray with a windshield. The calculation method of the number of spores and incidence rate was the same as in example 1.
TABLE 4 number of date orchard spores and jujube tree incidence in comparative example 1
Figure BDA0002557597850000151
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, by comparing the number of spores and the incidence of disease in tables 1 and 4, it can be seen that, under the same spraying measures, the nutrient solution is delivered to the jujube tree in the germination stage of the jujube tree, the disease resistance of the jujube tree can be enhanced, the probability of black spot disease of the jujube tree is reduced, and a better prevention effect can be achieved, in comparative example 1, the black spot disease is more easily infected by the jujube fruits and jujube leaves of the jujube tree, and the number of diseased leaves and diseased fruits is further enlarged.
Comparative example 2:
a method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates comprises the following steps:
firstly, in the defoliation period of the previous crop of the jujube tree, the rotten fruits and fallen leaves are cleaned in time, after the jujube leaves are fallen out, 20 times of diluent of 45 percent crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunk, branches and soil surface of the jujube tree, and each 667m of diluent is sprayed2Spraying 25 kg;
inputting nutrient solution for preventing pest and disease damage invasion and improving growth and development of the jujube trees into the jujube trees through an infusion bag in the germination stage of the jujube trees, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps: the following raw materials are contained in each 1L of water: 4mg of ferric citrate, 4mg of diammonium phosphate, 3mg of amino acid, 1mg of glucose, 2mg of potassium chloride, 1mg of sodium borate, 0.5mg of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, 1mg of indolebutyric acid, 0.3mg of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5mg of benzimidazole, 0.2mg of calcium nitrate, 0.1mg of ferrous sulfate, 5mg of zinc sulfate and 0.5mg of ammonium molybdate, and 200 times of 45 percent of crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunks and branches of the jujube trees, and each 667m of the jujube trees is sprayed with 200 times of diluent of 45 percent crystal lime sulfur mixture2Spraying 10kg, and sprayingSpraying pesticide in a jujube garden by using a portable spore trapping instrument and sampling before and after nutrient solution infusion of jujube trees, detecting the number of spores, and meanwhile, carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearance of jujube leaves of the jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step three, spraying a composite bactericide with prevention and treatment effects in the young fruit period of the jujube trees: 0.75% polyoxin and 25.75% thiram wettable powder 200 times of diluent, each 667m2Spraying 30kg, sampling before and after spraying medicine in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, performing pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of jujube trees, and calculating the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step four, in the rapid growth period of the fruits, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, and spraying a 1000-time diluent compounded by 25% pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole in a mass ratio of 1:3 after the jujube leaves and the jujube fruits have black spot diseases, wherein each 667m of the diluent is2Spraying 35kg for 2 times at an interval of 10 days every time, spraying for 5 days, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees;
step five, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument in the fruit maturation period, and spraying 500 times of 50% thiram wettable powder diluent every 667m after jujube leaves and jujube fruits of a jujube tree have black spot diseases2Spraying 50kg, 6 days every time, forbidding pesticide application 15 days before picking, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument 5 days after spraying, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees.
The main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step two is the buds and branches of the jujube trees, and the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the step three, the step four and the step five is the fruits and branches and leaves of the jujube trees; the pesticide application time is in the morning of windless sunny days, the environmental temperature is lower than 25 ℃, an electric sprayer is used during spraying, and a spray head of the electric sprayer is a seven-hole agricultural high-pressure spray with a windshield. The calculation method of the number of spores and incidence rate was the same as in example 1.
TABLE 5 number of date orchard spores and jujube tree incidence in comparative example 2
Figure BDA0002557597850000161
Comparing the example 1 with the comparative example 2, the treatment steps of the jujube trees are the same in the germination period and the young fruit period of the jujube trees, in the comparative example 2, the number of spores in the orchard is rapidly increased in the fruit rapid growth period and the fruit mature period of the jujube trees, but the pesticide is not sprayed in time, after the black spot disease of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube trees can be observed by naked eyes, the pesticide spraying is started, the disease incidence of the jujube trees can be obtained by comparing the disease incidence of the table 1 with the disease incidence of the table 5, according to the number of the spores in the orchard, the pesticide spraying treatment is carried out in advance before the disease of the jujube trees occurs, namely the disease incidence early stage, the disease incidence of the jujube trees can be greatly reduced, the better treatment effect is achieved, meanwhile, the generation of the jujube diseased fruits is reduced, the quality of the jujube fruits is ensured, and the further expansion of the quantity of the diseased fruits is avoided.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. The application, modification and variation of the method for preventing and treating the black spot disease of red dates of the invention are obvious to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. The method for preventing and treating the black spot disease of the red dates is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, in the defoliation period of the previous crop of the jujube tree, the rotten fruits and fallen leaves are cleaned in time, after the jujube leaves are fallen out, 20-30 times of diluent of 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture is sprayed on the trunk, branches and soil surface of the jujube tree, and each 667m of diluent is sprayed2Spraying 25-30 kg;
step two, passing through an infusion bag in the germination stage of the jujube treeInputting nutrient solution for preventing pest and disease damage invasion and improving growth and development of jujube trees into the jujube trees, and spraying 200-fold and 300-fold diluent of 45 percent crystal lime sulfur mixture to trunks and branches of the jujube trees, wherein each 667m of diluent is2Spraying 10-15kg, spraying pesticide in a jujube garden by using a portable spore trapping instrument, sampling before and after nutrient solution infusion of jujube trees, detecting the number of spores, and performing pathological judgment according to the appearance of jujube leaves of the jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step three, spraying a composite bactericide with prevention and treatment effects in the young fruit period of the jujube trees: 0.75 percent polyoxin and 25.75 percent thiram wettable powder 200-fold and 300-fold diluent for each 667m2Spraying 30-50kg, sampling before and after spraying medicine in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and performing pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of jujube trees to calculate the morbidity of the jujube trees;
step four, in the rapid fruit growth period, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, carrying out pathological judgment by combining the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 1000-fold 2000-fold diluent compounded by 25% pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole with the mass ratio of 1:3 when the number of detected spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein each 667m of the diluent is2Spraying 35-40kg for 2-3 times at an interval of 10-15 days, 5-10 days after spraying, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument, detecting the number of spores, and calculating the disease rate of jujube trees;
step five, sampling in a jujube garden by using a portable spore capture instrument in the fruit maturation period, detecting the number of spores, carrying out pathological judgment according to the appearances of jujube leaves and jujube fruits of the jujube tree, and spraying 500-fold and 800-fold diluent of 50 percent thiram wettable powder when the detected number of the spores in the jujube garden is more than 100, wherein the diluent is used for every 667m2Spraying 50-60kg of the Chinese date tree at intervals of 6-8 days, forbidding pesticide application 15 days before picking, sampling in a Chinese date garden by using a portable spore capture instrument 5-8 days after spraying, detecting the number of spores and calculating the disease rate of the Chinese date tree;
the preparation of the nutrient solution in the second step comprises the following steps:
the following raw materials are contained in each 1L of water:
4-7 mg of ferric citrate, 4-6 mg of diammonium phosphate, 3-6 mg of amino acid, 1-3 mg of glucose, 2-5 mg of potassium chloride, 1-5 mg of sodium borate, 0.5-0.9 mg of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, 1-2 mg of indolebutyric acid, 0.3-0.8 mg of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5-1 mg of benzimidazole, 0.2-0.5 mg of calcium nitrate, 0.1-0.5 mg of ferrous sulfate, 5-8 mg of zinc sulfate and 0.5-1.2 mg of ammonium molybdate;
the portable spore capture instrument comprises:
the glass slide glass box comprises a box body, wherein a box door is arranged on one surface of the box body, a top cover is arranged at the upper end of the box body, a first filter screen is symmetrically arranged on the box body below the top cover, the box door is positioned below the first filter screen, a second filter screen and a funnel are sequentially and detachably arranged in the box body from top to bottom, a storage battery and a support table are arranged at the bottom end inside the box body, the support table is positioned below the funnel, a square groove is formed in the end face of the support table, a support plate for bearing a glass slide is placed in the square groove, semicircular bulges are symmetrically arranged on the support plate, a pipeline fan is arranged on the side wall of the box body, the pipeline fan is connected with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, one end of the air inlet pipe is positioned below the end face of the support table, one end of the air outlet pipe penetrates through the box body and is positioned outside the box body and perpendicular to the ground, and a third filter screen is arranged at the end of the air outlet pipe;
the box body is provided with a box body side face, the box body side face is provided with a first support and a second support, the box body side face is provided with a positioning hole, the positioning hole is used for allowing a positioning pin to penetrate through the first support, the bottom end of the second support is provided with a positioning piece, and the middle part of the positioning piece is provided with a circular hole used for allowing the support to be fixed on the ground;
wherein, the detachable connection mode of the second filter screen, the funnel and the box body is: the box body is symmetrically provided with limiting clamping strips, the edges of the second filter screen and the funnel are mutually clamped with the limiting clamping strips, the funnel is square, and the side surface of the funnel is an inclined surface; the glass slide clamping device is characterized in that the support plate is provided with four placing cavities for placing glass slides, the inner wall of each placing cavity is symmetrically provided with strip-shaped grooves for clamping the glass slides, and the length of each strip-shaped groove is smaller than that of each glass slide.
2. The method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the second step is young buds and branches of the red dates, and the main body sprayed with the liquid medicine in the third, fourth and fifth steps is fruits and branches and leaves of the red dates.
3. The method for controlling black spot disease of red dates according to claim 1, wherein the application time is morning, evening or cloudy day without wind, and the environmental temperature is lower than 25 ℃.
4. The method for controlling black spot disease of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein an electric sprayer is used for spraying, and a spray head of the electric sprayer is a seven-hole agricultural high-pressure spray head with a windshield.
5. The method for preventing and treating red date black spot disease according to claim 1, wherein the first filter screen and the third filter screen are 20-mesh stainless steel filter screens, and the second filter screen is 200-mesh nylon filter screen.
6. The method for preventing and treating red date black spot disease according to claim 1, wherein the sampling is performed by the following two methods when the portable spore trap is used for sampling:
the method comprises the following steps that in sampling, a portable spore capture instrument is directly placed on the soil surface between jujube trees in a jujube garden to collect, and the collected position is located in the middle of the jujube garden;
and in the second mode, the portable spore capture instrument is directly placed between the jujube trees in the jujube garden during sampling, the height of the portable spore capture instrument is consistent with that of the crowns of the jujube trees by adjusting the support, and the collected position is located in the middle of the jujube garden.
7. The method for controlling black spot disease of red dates according to claim 1, wherein the rotten fruits and fallen leaves in the first step are treated by mixing lime and then burying.
8. The method for preventing and treating red date black spot disease according to claim 1, wherein the detection of the number of spores in the first step comprises: performing microscopic examination and counting on the glass slide obtained by the portable spore capture instrument, wherein the glass slide with less number of spores is subjected to full-wave plate microscopic examination; when the number of spores reaches 50, dividing the glass slide into five equal parts, and sequentially marking the number as N1，N2，N3，N4，N5And to N2And N4Partially microscopic to obtain N2And N4After part of the number of spores, averaging and estimating the number of spores on the whole slide;
wherein, the period of spore number collection comprises: the germination stage, young fruit stage, rapid fruit growth stage and mature stage of the jujube tree.
CN202010596664.4A 2020-06-28 2020-06-28 Method for preventing and treating black spot disease of red dates Active CN111631073B (en)

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CN107258417A (en) * 2016-04-06 2017-10-20 万素梅 The occurrence regularity of jujube alternaria
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