CN111636018A - High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and casting method thereof - Google Patents
High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and casting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy which comprises the following components: 0.2-0.85% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Si, 0.05-0.2% of Cu, 0.1-0.2% of Zn, 0.1-0.2% of Fe, 0.1-0.15% of Ti, 0.1-0.15% of other alloy elements and the balance of Al; other alloy elements comprise the combination of Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr and rare earth elements in the proportion of 0.1-0.2: 0.05-0.1: 0.2-0.4: 1.0-1.2: 0.2-0.4: 0.5; the rare earth elements include: gd. La or Eu. The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention has good thermal conductivity and good mechanical properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and a casting method thereof.
Background
The 6xxx series aluminum alloy is the most widely applied aluminum alloy with the largest yield, and the existing 6xxx series aluminum alloy is applied to important industries of aerospace, weaponry, transportation, electric power and the like. However, as the range of applications expands, the toughness, weldability, and corrosion resistance of 6xxx series aluminum alloys have been found to be a serious challenge.
Chinese patent application document CN110066932A discloses a medium-strength corrosion-resistant 6xxx series aluminum alloy and a casting method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing 6XXX series aluminum alloy has lower strength and hardness, and the toughness, the corrosion resistance and the welding performance are reduced when other elements are adopted for modification. The aluminum alloy consists of, by mass, 0.8-1.6% of Mg, 1.2-1.8% of Si, 0.4-1.2% of Mn, 0.1-0.7% of Cu, 0.3-0.8% of Zn, 0.1-0.5% of Fe, 0.1-0.5% of Cr, 0.01-0.06% of rare earth elements, and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements. Although the aluminum alloy of the invention has good corrosion resistance and welding performance, the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy can not meet the requirements of certain special fields, and a need exists for improving the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy and simultaneously enabling the aluminum alloy to meet the mechanical properties.
CN105483461B provides a high-conductivity casting hot aluminum alloy, its characterized in that: the high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.0 to 4.0 percent of silicon, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of copper, 0.6 to 1.1 percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of chromium, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of lanthanum, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of praseodymium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of impurities and the balance of aluminum. The high-heat-conductivity cast aluminum alloy has high heat transfer efficiency, can be widely applied to the fields of automobiles and computers, has excellent heat transfer efficiency, can promote the effective utilization of energy, and reduces the deformation and potential damage of parts caused by thermal stress, but the yield strength of the product of the invention is obviously insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy, which meets the requirements of strength and mechanical property and greatly improves the thermal conductivity through improving the original formula, wherein the thermal conductivity of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy is more than 240W/(m.K), further more than 245W/(m.K), and further more than 255W/(m.K).
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy, comprising the following components: 0.2-0.85% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Si, 0.05-0.2% of Cu, 0.1-0.2% of Zn, 0.1-0.2% of Fe, 0.1-0.15% of Ti, 0.1-0.15% of other alloy elements and the balance of Al; other alloy elements comprise the combination of Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr and rare earth elements in the proportion of 0.1-0.2: 0.05-0.1: 0.2-0.4: 1.0-1.2: 0.2-0.4: 0.5; the rare earth elements include: gd. La or Eu.
Further, the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 0.6% of Mg, 0.2% of Si, 0.08% of Cu, 0.14% of Zn, 0.12% of Fe, 0.12% of Ti, 0.12% of other alloy elements and the balance of Al.
Further, the other alloy elements comprise the combination of Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr and rare earth elements in the ratio of 0.15: 0.075: 0.3: 1.1: 0.3: 0.5.
Further, the Cu is added in the form of aluminum-copper alloy and contains 20-40% of copper; ti is added in the form of an aluminum-titanium alloy and contains 5 percent of titanium; si is added in the form of aluminum-silicon alloy and contains 20 percent of Si; zn is added in the form of aluminum-zinc alloy, and contains 10 percent of zinc; fe is added in the form of aluminum-iron alloy and contains 10% of iron.
Further, the casting method of the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: (1) casting Cu, Ti, Si, Zn and Fe into corresponding intermediate alloy, sequentially adding the intermediate alloy and a pure magnesium ingot into a smelting furnace from large to small according to the block weight and the size, then heating the furnace gas until the intermediate alloy and the magnesium ingot are completely molten, then raising the temperature of the furnace gas by 10-20 ℃, preserving the temperature until the furnace gas is completely molten to obtain an alloy solution, reducing the temperature of the alloy melt to 720-plus 740 ℃, adding a covering refining flux, wherein the recommended composition of the covering refining flux is (%, the mass fraction): 27-33% of NaCl, 45-49% of KCl, 21-25% of cryolite, preferably 30% of NaCl, 47% of KCl and 23% of cryolite, forming a protective layer on a melt mirror surface, adding other alloy elements in batches, refining for 15-25min, preferably 20min, and sequentially standing, slagging off and casting to obtain an ingot; (2) homogenizing: homogenizing the cast ingot to obtain a homogenized cast ingot; (3) hot extrusion and heat treatment: and carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized cast ingot to obtain an extruded section, then carrying out on-line quenching treatment on the extruded section, and finally carrying out aging treatment to obtain the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy.
Further, the treatment temperature of the homogenization treatment in the second step is 595 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours.
Further, the temperature of the hot extrusion in the third step is 520-.
Further, the cooling mode of the on-line quenching treatment in the third step is water mist cooling, and the water temperature is 15-25 ℃.
Further, the aging treatment in the third step is two-stage aging, the first-stage aging temperature is 200-220 ℃, and the time is 1-2 h; the secondary aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging time is 5-7 h.
Further, the process of standing, slagging-off and casting comprises the following steps: the aluminum water temperature of the standing furnace reaches 730 +/-5 ℃, casting can be carried out, a casting tray must be fully preheated before casting is started, the outlet temperature of a filter box is ensured to be about 700 ℃ during casting, hot top casting is adopted, after casting is stable, the cold end of the casting tray is ensured to reach 670 plus material temperature, 5 Al-5Ti-1B refiner needs to be added into a degassing box before casting, the addition amount of the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is 2.0 Kg/ton, and 5 aluminum-titanium-boron wires with the length of one meter are added into the filter box.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the rare earth elements are added to achieve three effects, the first rare earth element has a strong grain refining effect, and the ductility and the corrosion resistance of the alloy are improved; secondly, the rare earth elements, redundant Si and Cu in the alloy and the Mg element which is not fully precipitated form a fine dispersion strengthening phase, so that the strength of the alloy is further improved; and thirdly, the rare earth elements can form fine refractory particles in the welding process, so that the welding performance is improved.
In the invention, in order to improve the heat-conducting property of the aluminum alloy, the formula is integrally adjusted, so that the mechanical property is ensured not to be greatly reduced while the heat-conducting property is improved.
The Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr and rare earth elements in the invention can realize the best technical effect. The preferred proportions of Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr and Zr in the present invention can satisfy the effects of high strength and high thermal conductivity.
In the refining process, the components (percent, mass fraction) recommended by covering the refining flux are added: 30% NaCl, 47% KCl, 23% cryolite, at this ratio, the best refining effect can be achieved, while high thermal conductivity can be achieved. 5 refiner Al-5Ti-1B is added into the degassing box, the addition amount of the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is 2.0 Kg/ton, and 5 aluminum-titanium-boron wires with the length of one meter are added into the filter box, so that the degassing and the impurity removal can be effectively realized.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
A high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy, comprising the following components: 0.2-0.85% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Si, 0.05-0.2% of Cu, 0.1-0.2% of Zn, 0.1-0.2% of Fe, 0.1-0.15% of Ti, 0.1-0.15% of other alloy elements and the balance of Al; other alloy elements comprise the combination of Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr and rare earth elements in the proportion of 0.1-0.2: 0.05-0.1: 0.2-0.4: 1.0-1.2: 0.2-0.4: 0.5: 0.2; the rare earth elements include: gd. La or Eu.
The intermediate alloy of Cu is an aluminum-copper alloy and contains 30% of copper; the Ti intermediate alloy is an aluminum-titanium alloy and contains 5 percent of titanium; the Si intermediate alloy is aluminum-silicon alloy containing 20 percent of Si; the intermediate alloy of Zn is aluminum-zinc alloy, containing 10% of zinc; the Fe intermediate alloy is aluminum-iron alloy containing 10% of iron.
The casting method of the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of: (1) casting Cu, Ti, Si, Zn and Fe into corresponding intermediate alloy, sequentially adding the intermediate alloy and pure magnesium ingots into a smelting furnace from large to small according to the block weight and the size, then increasing the temperature of the furnace gas by 15 ℃, preserving the temperature until the intermediate alloy and the magnesium ingots are completely melted, sequentially adding the pure zinc ingots after increasing the temperature of the furnace gas by 15 ℃, preserving the temperature until the pure zinc ingots are completely melted to obtain an alloy solution, reducing the temperature of the alloy solution to 730 ℃, adding a covering refining flux, wherein the composition recommended by the covering refining flux is (%, the mass fraction): 30% of NaCl, 47% of KCl and 23% of cryolite, forming a protective layer on the mirror surface of the melt, adding other alloy elements in batches, refining for 20min, and sequentially standing, slagging off and casting to obtain an ingot; (2) homogenizing: homogenizing the cast ingot to obtain a homogenized cast ingot; (3) hot extrusion and heat treatment: and carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized cast ingot to obtain an extruded section, then carrying out on-line quenching treatment on the extruded section, and finally carrying out aging treatment to obtain the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy.
The treatment temperature of the homogenization treatment in the step two is 595 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours; the cooling mode is that the water mist is cooled to be below 100 ℃, and the water temperature is 20 ℃.
The temperature of the hot extrusion in the third step is 530 ℃. In the third step, the cooling mode of the on-line quenching treatment is water mist cooling, and the water temperature is 20 ℃. The aging treatment in the third step is two-stage aging, the temperature of the first-stage aging is 210 ℃, and the time is 1.5 h; the secondary aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging time is 6 h.
The standing, slagging-off and casting process comprises the following steps: the aluminum water temperature of the standing furnace reaches 730 +/-5 ℃, casting can be carried out, a casting tray must be fully preheated before casting is started, the outlet temperature of a filter box is guaranteed to be about 700 ℃ during casting, hot top casting is adopted, after casting is stable, the cold end of the casting tray is guaranteed to have the temperature of a tray tail melt to reach 680 ℃, 5 refiner Al-5Ti-1B is required to be added into a degassing box before casting, the addition amount of the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is 2.0 Kg/ton, and 5 aluminum-titanium-boron wires with one meter length are added into the filter box.
Example 1
A high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy, comprising the following components: 0.6% of Mg, 0.2% of Si, 0.08% of Cu, 0.14% of Zn, 0.12% of Fe, 0.12% of Ti, 0.12% of other alloy elements and the balance of Al.
The other alloy elements comprise the combination of Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr and rare earth elements in the proportion of 0.15: 0.075: 0.3: 1.1: 0.3: 0.5: 0.2.
Example 2
A high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy, comprising the following components: 0.2% of Mg, 0.3% of Si, 0.05% of Cu, 0.2% of Zn, 0.1% of Fe, 0.15% of Ti, 0.1% of other alloy elements and the balance of Al; other alloying elements include combinations of Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr, rare earth elements in a ratio of 0.2: 0.05: 0.4: 1.0: 0.4: 0.5: 0.2.
Example 3
A high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy, comprising the following components: 0.85% of Mg, 0.1% of Si, 0.2% of Cu, 0.1% of Zn, 0.2% of Fe, 0.1% of Ti, 0.15% of other alloy elements and the balance of Al; other alloying elements include Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr, rare earth elements in the ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 to 1.2 to 0.2 to 0.5 to 0.2.
Comparative example 1
The casting process was substantially the same as that of example 1, except that Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, and Zr were not added.
Comparative example 2
The casting process was substantially the same as that of example 1, except that Mn and Ni were not added.
Comparative example 3
Essentially the same as the casting process of example 1, except that B, V was not added.
Comparative example 4
Essentially the same as the casting process of example 1, except that no refining agent was added: 30% NaCl, 47% KCl, 23% cryolite.
Comparative example 5
The casting process was substantially the same as that of example 1, except that no cryolite was added.
Comparative example 6
Essentially the same as the casting process of example 1, except that the refining agent: 60% NaCl, 27% KCl, 13% cryolite
Comparative example 7
According to the method of example 1 disclosed in "a moderately strong corrosion-resistant weldable 6 xxx-series aluminum alloy and a casting method thereof (publication No. CN 110066932A)".
The alloy monofilaments obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7, which had a diameter of 0.2mm, were subjected to the measurement of yield strength and tensile strength, and the measurement results are shown in the following table. The alloys of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were prepared in a standard sample size using Quantum Design, USA
DynaCoolTMThe thermal conductivity was measured.
The above description should not be taken as limiting the invention to the embodiments, but rather, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, numerous simplifications or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which shall be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-0.85% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Si, 0.05-0.2% of Cu, 0.1-0.2% of Zn, 0.1-0.2% of Fe, 0.1-0.15% of Ti, 0.1-0.15% of other alloy elements and the balance of Al; other alloy elements comprise Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr and rare earth elements in a ratio of 0.1-0.2: 0.05-0.1: 0.2-0.4: 1.0-1.2: 0.2-0.4: 0.5: 0.2; the rare earth elements include: gd. La or Eu.
2. The aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity comprises the following components: 0.6% of Mg, 0.2% of Si, 0.08% of Cu, 0.14% of Zn, 0.12% of Fe, 0.12% of Ti, 0.12% of other alloy elements and the balance of Al.
3. The aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of Mn, B, Ni, V, Cr, Zr and rare earth elements is 0.15: 0.075: 0.3: 1.1: 0.3: 0.5: 0.2.
4. The aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity according to claim 1, wherein the Cu is added in the form of an aluminum-copper alloy, and comprises 20-40% of Cu; ti is added in the form of an aluminum-titanium alloy and contains 5 percent of titanium; si is added in the form of aluminum-silicon alloy and contains 20 percent of Si; zn is added in the form of aluminum-zinc alloy, and contains 10 percent of zinc; fe is added in the form of aluminum-iron alloy and contains 10% of iron.
5. The method for casting the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (1) casting Cu, Ti, Si, Zn and Fe into corresponding intermediate alloy, sequentially adding the intermediate alloy and a pure magnesium ingot into a smelting furnace from large to small, raising the temperature of furnace gas until the intermediate alloy and the magnesium ingot are completely molten, then raising the temperature of the furnace gas by 10-20 ℃, preserving the temperature until the furnace gas is completely molten to obtain an alloy solution, reducing the temperature of the alloy melt to 720-740 ℃, adding a covering refining flux, wherein the covering refining flux comprises the following components in parts by mass: 27-33% of NaCl, 45-49% of KCl and 21-25% of cryolite, forming a protective layer on the mirror surface of the melt, adding other alloy elements in batches, refining for 15-25min, and sequentially standing, slagging off and casting to obtain an ingot; (2) homogenizing: homogenizing the cast ingot to obtain a homogenized cast ingot; (3) hot extrusion and heat treatment: and carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized cast ingot to obtain an extruded section, then carrying out on-line quenching treatment on the extruded section, and finally carrying out aging treatment to obtain the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy.
6. The casting method of high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 5, wherein the homogenization treatment in step (2) is carried out at 595 ± 5 ℃ for 1-2 hours.
7. The method for casting the aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity as claimed in claim 5, wherein the temperature of the hot extrusion in the step (3) is 520 ℃ and 540 ℃.
8. The casting method of the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein the cooling is performed after the on-line quenching treatment in the step (3), wherein the cooling is performed by water mist cooling, and the water temperature is 15-25 ℃.
9. The method for casting the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 5, wherein the aging treatment in the step (3) is two-stage aging, the first-stage aging temperature is 200-220 ℃, and the time is 1-2 h; the secondary aging temperature is 150-170 ℃, preferably 160 ℃, and the aging time is 5-7 h.
10. The method for casting the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein the standing, slagging-off and casting processes comprise: the aluminum water temperature of the standing furnace reaches 730 +/-5 ℃, casting is carried out, a casting disc is preheated before casting is started, the outlet temperature of a filter box is ensured to be 710 ℃ in 690 and hot top casting is adopted, after casting is stable, the cold end of the casting disc is ensured to be 670 ℃ and 690 ℃, an Al-5Ti-1B refiner is required to be added into a degassing box before casting, the addition amount of the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is 1.8-2.2 Kg/ton, and aluminum-titanium-boron wires are added into the filter box.
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| CN112126833A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-25 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | High-conductivity aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114892048A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-12 | 四川越创铝业有限公司 | Preparation method of low-alloy-component high-strength aluminum alloy |
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| CN116837258A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-10-03 | 山东迈奥晶新材料有限公司 | Double-spherical particle reinforced Al-Mg alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN116837258B (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2024-01-30 | 山东迈奥晶新材料有限公司 | Double-spherical particle reinforced Al-Mg alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
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