CN111628721A - Photovoltaic module dust cleaning decision method, monitoring system and cleaning system - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module dust cleaning decision method, monitoring system and cleaning system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
A photovoltaic module dust cleaning decision-making method, a monitoring system and a cleaning system are provided, wherein a first photovoltaic module and a second photovoltaic module are preset and placed in a photovoltaic power station under the same condition, the first photovoltaic module is automatically cleaned at regular time, 1) the current and the voltage of the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module are respectively collected, and the dust accumulation degree is calculated; 2) calculating the power generation loss according to the accumulation degree, and further calculating the loss cost; 3) if the loss cost is larger than the cleaning cost of the photovoltaic power station, entering the step 4); if not, comparing the accumulation degree with a preset accumulated gray level threshold, if the accumulation degree exceeds the accumulated gray level threshold, sending alarm information, and returning to the step 1); 4) acquiring weather forecast data, calculating an expected value of a future rainfall value according to the rainfall, and sending a cleaning instruction if the expected value is smaller than a preset rainwater threshold; if not, returning to the step 1). The method of the invention judges whether the cleaning is needed or not according to the accurate data source, avoids artificial subjectivity, and has more accurate judgment structure and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic modules, in particular to a photovoltaic module dust cleaning decision method, a monitoring system and a cleaning system.
Background
At present photovoltaic module installs on the roof, to the condition of roof dust gathering on photovoltaic module surface, can only climb to the roofing through personnel, closely observe the photovoltaic module surface, through personnel's naked eye observation, subjective judgement, whether the dust gathering is serious, whether need wash.
The dust is gathered and covered on the surface of the photovoltaic module in a continuous, slow and gradual process, the power generation condition of the photovoltaic module is specifically influenced, the observation and the judgment are carried out by naked eyes, scientific quantitative analysis data and standards are lacked, and the judgment is not easy to be accurate.
In addition, the influence of the dust on the surface of the photovoltaic module on the power generation capacity can cause that the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module can not be exerted to the maximum efficiency, the hot spot effect of the photovoltaic module can be caused at the position with serious dust deposition, and the service life of the module is shortened. There is no basis for decision when cleaning is required.
With the research on the dust monitoring of the surface of the photovoltaic module and the judgment of cleaning decision making opportunity, some inventions set two comparison photovoltaic modules placed under the same condition through innovative devices, measure the difference value of the working voltage, the working current and the calculated power of the photovoltaic modules, and trigger the instruction or prompt information of a corresponding decision making mechanism when the working current or the power of the modules which are not cleaned and the current or the power of the modules which are cleaned in time reach a certain difference value. The defects are that the mode of cleaning the assembly lacks the reliability guarantee of continuous stability in the design of the real-time cleaning device for placing the photovoltaic assembly under the same condition. Because most schemes design that the water tank is water storage, recycle is washd water, still needs system external power supply. And the cleaning cost and the cleaning expense of the photovoltaic power station in practical application are not combined, and comprehensive economic consideration is carried out.
Some improved inventions have a calculation and comparison strategy combined with the cleaning cost, but the defects that the rain possibly occurs in the future one day after the cleaning is not considered, and different rain amounts can dissolve and flush different degrees of dust on the surface of the photovoltaic module, so that the cost generated by the previous cleaning is actually redundant waste.
In another method, the assembly is cleaned when no rain is present in the next 5 days according to weather forecast and the power generation amount loss is more than 80% of the cleaning cost in 20 accumulated days; or predicting the power loss after rain according to future rainfall information, constructing a polynomial mathematical model through data recording and accumulation of rainfall and power increase values in a certain period, and obtaining the power loss value after rain caused by future forecasted rainfall after complex calculation through solving a related linear equation system. And finally deciding whether to clean.
As described above, in the case of rain in a future day (the day can only be the latest 2 or 3 days in the future, the precipitation value of the weather forecast is accurate, and the deterministic precipitation value can only be used, otherwise, the possible change of the precipitation value X is large, the possible change range of the corresponding calculated component power loss value f (X) is large, and the meaning of comparison and reference selection is lost), the coefficient derivation in the correlation polynomial mathematical model is greatly influenced by the data statistical reliability of the rainfall and the power increase value in a previous certain period, the statistical relationship between the rainfall and the power increase value is greatly reduced by stochastic interference, and the predicted power loss value after rain is likely to have large deviation. Meanwhile, the weather forecast can only be combined with precipitation information in short-term 2 and 3 days in the future, and the combination of related cleaning cost and short-term, medium-term and long-term rainfall conditions is lacked, which is an inevitable defect determined by the theoretical principle and mathematical modeling of the invention.
In addition, the traditional cleaning mode is that a broom and a mop are manually used for dry wiping, or a water pipe is manually dragged, and after water is sprayed, the mop, a glass wiper and the like are matched for manual wet operation cleaning. The method for cleaning the dust on the surface of the photovoltaic module wastes time and labor, and the labor cost for cleaning each time is high; meanwhile, potential safety hazards such as high-altitude falling, electric shock and the like exist in the cleaning of the roof of the personnel. The novel mode of clean photovoltaic module surface dust still has the fortune dimension and cleans the robot, utilizes fortune dimension to clean the round brush of robot and clears away the dust on the subassembly surface. But the one-time investment is high, storage batteries, hairbrushes and the like need to be replaced regularly in later operation and maintenance, meanwhile, accessories, fault maintenance and the like need to be replaced, the operation and maintenance cost is high, and the popularization and application in a wider range are hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a photovoltaic module dust cleaning decision method, a monitoring system and a cleaning system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a photovoltaic module dust cleaning decision method; presetting a first photovoltaic component and a second photovoltaic component which have the same condition
Placing in a photovoltaic power station, regularly cleaning a first photovoltaic module, and carrying out the following steps:
1) respectively collecting the current and the voltage of the first photovoltaic module and the current and the voltage of the second photovoltaic module, and calculating to obtain the dust accumulation degree Dj;
2) calculating the power generation loss Qs of the photovoltaic power station according to the dust accumulation degree Dj, and further calculating the loss cost Cs according to the power generation loss;
3) comparing the loss cost Cs with the cleaning cost Cc of the photovoltaic power station, and if the loss cost Cs is greater than the cleaning cost Cc, entering the step 4); if not, comparing the accumulation degree Dj with a preset accumulated gray level threshold, if the accumulation degree Dj exceeds the accumulated gray level threshold, sending alarm information, and if not, returning to the step 1);
4) acquiring weather forecast data, calculating an expected value Re of a future rainfall value according to the rainfall, and sending a cleaning instruction if the expected value Re is smaller than a preset rainfall threshold; if not, returning to the step 1).
In the step 1), the current is a short-circuit current, and the voltage is a maximum open-circuit voltage; the dust accumulation degree Dj is calculated as follows: dj ═ ((Voc1-Voc2)/Voc1+ (Isc1-Isc2)/Isc1)/2 × 100%, where Voc1, Isc1 are the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the first photovoltaic module, respectively, and Voc2, Isc2 are the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the second photovoltaic module, respectively; in this step, it is also determined whether the dust accumulation degree Dj is smaller than a cleaning threshold, and if so, a cleaning completion instruction is issued.
In the step 2), the total power generation loss is theoretical power generation loss Qs of the photovoltaic power station for 15 days in the future, wherein the theoretical power generation loss Qs is P0 XfXH 0X 15/365 XDj, H0 is annual effective power generation hours of the photovoltaic power station, P0 is installed power of the photovoltaic power station, and f is system efficiency of the photovoltaic power station.
In the step 2), the loss cost Cs is Qs × p, and p is a comprehensive electricity price sold by the generated energy of the photovoltaic power station.
In the step 4), the expected value Re is sxmaxs (Rs, Rm, Rh) + mxmaxm (Rs, Rm, Rh) + lxmaxl (Rs, Rm, Rh), where S, M, L are the future short, medium, and long-term precipitation probabilities, respectively, Maxs () represents the maximum precipitation amount in the short-term value, Maxm () represents the maximum precipitation amount in the medium-term value, Maxl () represents the maximum precipitation amount in the long-term value, and Rs, Rm, Rh are the small, medium, and large precipitation amounts, respectively.
A photovoltaic module dust monitoring system; the device comprises a first photovoltaic assembly, a second photovoltaic assembly, a collecting unit, a cleaning control circuit, an electric power storage unit, a first spraying unit, a wiper unit, a communication unit and a monitoring platform; the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module are placed under the same condition and are respectively connected with the power storage unit to charge the power storage unit; the collecting unit is connected with the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module to collect voltage and current; the spraying unit and the rain scraping unit are arranged on the first photovoltaic module; the cleaning control circuit is connected with the power storage unit, the spraying unit and the wiper unit to control the cleaning of the first photovoltaic module at regular time; the communication unit is connected with the acquisition unit to send voltage and current; the monitoring platform communication unit collects communication, calculates the accumulation degree and loss cost of dust according to voltage and current, judges whether to send a cleaning finishing instruction or alarm information according to the accumulation degree of the dust, or judges whether to send a cleaning instruction according to the loss cost and weather forecast data.
The photovoltaic system comprises a first photovoltaic assembly, a second photovoltaic assembly, a first change-over switch and a second change-over switch, wherein the first photovoltaic assembly is connected with the second photovoltaic assembly in parallel; or the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module are connected in series, and a change-over switch is further arranged and connected between the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module.
First photovoltaic module, second photovoltaic module are the polygon, the windscreen wiper unit is equipped with two wipers and the motor of being connected with it, two wipers with first photovoltaic module mutual adaptation, this two wipers press respectively and paste in first photovoltaic module's adjacent both sides, motor drive two wipers first photovoltaic module surface of scraping, first photovoltaic module's adjacent both sides still are equipped with blank area, two wipers do not operating condition stop respectively in blank area.
The photovoltaic module monitoring system further comprises a second spraying unit, wherein the second spraying unit is arranged around the photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module and used for receiving a cleaning command or a cleaning completion command of the photovoltaic module monitoring system of any one of claims 6 to 8 to start or stop spraying the photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module.
The second spray unit comprises a spray pipeline, a plurality of lifting spray heads and at least one intelligent control valve, the spray pipeline is arranged on the periphery of the photovoltaic modules, the lifting spray heads are installed on the spray pipeline, and the intelligent control valve is installed on the spray pipeline.
As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method and the system, the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module are arranged and placed in the photovoltaic power station under the same condition, the first photovoltaic module is automatically cleaned at regular time, information such as current and voltage is collected, processing is carried out, weather forecast data is combined to judge whether cleaning is needed or not, artificial subjectivity is avoided according to an accurate data source, and judgment is more accurate and efficient.
2. According to the method and the system, the acquired related rainfall data of the weather forecast is constantly updated in a rolling manner, the basis for calculation and measurement is always that the weather forecast stands at the current time, and the rainfall are dynamically and closely combined with the future 15 days for analysis and judgment; the quantitative calculation Re of the future rainfall value and the comparison of the rainfall threshold R0 are simple and easy to obtain, compared with the prior art, the rainfall value can be considered longer in combination with the weather condition, and the corresponding component cleaning decision can be more scientific and reasonable; simple and practical, and the laminating is practical.
3. According to the method and the system, the dust accumulation degree is calculated according to the maximum open-circuit voltage and the maximum short-circuit current and is used as a calculation basis of loss cost, the calculated basis is used as one judgment condition for realizing cleaning, the expected precipitation value is used as another judgment condition, whether cleaning is carried out or not is determined by combining the two judgment conditions, and the judgment structure is more reliable and accurate.
4. According to the method and the system, under the condition that two judgment conditions of loss cost and a precipitation expected value are not met, whether alarm information is sent or not is judged according to the dust deposition degree so as to inform a user of the related dust deposition degree; whether the second photovoltaic module is cleaned or not can be judged according to the dust deposition degree.
5. According to the method and the system, the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the related information of the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module, the cleaning control circuit is combined to control the first spraying unit and the rain scraping unit to clean the first photovoltaic module at regular time, the power storage unit is charged by the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module and supplies power for the cleaning control circuit and other circuits, and the monitoring structure is simple, the number of parts is small, the cost is low, and the realization is easy.
6. According to the method and the system, a first change-over switch and a second change-over switch are arranged between the acquisition unit and the first photovoltaic module and between the acquisition unit and the second photovoltaic module; or a change-over switch is arranged so as to switch the acquisition operation or the charging operation, and the circuit is simple.
7. According to the method and the system, the monitoring platform is arranged for receiving the collected information, calculating the dust deposition degree of dust and the like, forming database summarization, and various graphs such as curves and histograms can be visually presented. Related data and charts can be synchronously transmitted and displayed on a client mobile phone APP side or a photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance management system cloud platform of a client.
8. According to the cleaning system, the cleaning system can receive a cleaning instruction from a monitoring system or automatically control to start or close cleaning after cleaning is finished, a cleaning pipeline is matched with a lifting spray head, a cleaning water pipe connection point paved to a roof is fully utilized, and spray irrigation points are reasonably arranged in a photovoltaic module area of the roof; because the lifting spray head can automatically lift (shadow shielding problem can not be formed in the component area), the angle can be adjusted, a rain curtain is formed in the range, the surface of the component is reasonably covered, water drops with large and small sizes are formed, and dust deposition is dissolved on the surface of the component.
9. The cleaning system is also provided with a drainage device, and due to the surface tension effect of water on the frame at the lower horizontal end of the solar cell, the water can enter the front end of the capillary water absorption pipeline and is discharged through the upper transverse part, the middle part and the lower transverse part or through the drainage ports of the upper transverse part and the middle part, so that the efficiency is high, manual operation is not needed, and the cleaning system can adapt to accumulated water with different rainfall amounts. Moreover, the clearance of the slope section of middle part and frame from top to bottom crescent for rivers are unobstructed, and the better drying that keeps drainage device and frame side adjusts the inclination size simultaneously, can adjust the device height, thereby adapts to different frame width dimensions.
10. The cleaning system can solve the problem of cleaning dust deposited on the surface of the photovoltaic module at low cost; meanwhile, because the ascending operation of personnel is reduced, the safety risk caused by frequent ascending and descending of the personnel on the roof is reduced, the risk that the personnel and tools move on the roof and damage the color steel tiles on the roof is directly reduced, and the risk of electric shock of the personnel on the photovoltaic power station on the roof is reduced; in addition, the sprayed water drops effectively reduce the temperature of the surface of the module, so that the photovoltaic effect of the photovoltaic module is improved, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module body is improved; the evaporation of water on the roof reduces the temperature of the roof color steel tile and directly reduces the room temperature inside the factory building.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a connection between a collection unit and a photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first photovoltaic module cleaning;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the communication between the intelligent control valve and the monitoring background of the cleaning system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a structural view of a second spraying unit of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a view showing the structure of a drainage apparatus;
FIG. 8 is a view of the construction of the lift jet head of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a working view of the lift jet of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of the connection between the collection unit and the photovoltaic module according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the connection between the collection unit and the photovoltaic module according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
wherein:
10. the solar photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic module body 11, a first photovoltaic module body 12, a second photovoltaic module body 13, a frame 14, a solar cell piece 20, a collecting unit 21, a first change-over switch 22, a second change-over switch 23, a change-over switch 24, a resistor 30, a cleaning control circuit 40, an electric storage unit 50, a first spraying unit 60, a wiper unit 61, a wiper 62, a blank area 80, a communication unit 90, a monitoring platform 100, a drainage device 110, an upper transverse part 120, a middle part 130, a lower transverse part 160, a second spraying unit 161, a spraying pipeline 162, a lifting spray nozzle 163, a shell 164, a lifting head 165 and an intelligent control valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 3, a photovoltaic module dust cleaning decision method presets a first photovoltaic module 11 and a second photovoltaic module 12, which are placed in a photovoltaic power station under the same condition, and cleans the first photovoltaic module 11 at regular time. The same-condition placement means that the angles and the positions of the photovoltaic modules are the same. The rest steps are as follows:
1) respectively collecting the current and the voltage of the first photovoltaic module 11 and the current and the voltage of the second photovoltaic module 12, and calculating to obtain the dust accumulation degree Dj;
2) calculating the power generation loss Qs of the photovoltaic power station according to the dust accumulation degree Dj, and further calculating the loss cost Cs according to the power generation loss;
3) comparing the loss cost Cs with the cleaning cost Cc of the photovoltaic power station, and if the loss cost Cs is greater than the cleaning cost Cc, entering the step 4); if not, comparing the accumulation degree Dj with a preset accumulated gray level threshold, if the accumulation degree Dj exceeds the accumulated gray level threshold, sending alarm information, and if not, returning to the step 1);
4) acquiring weather forecast data, calculating an expected value Re of a future rainfall value according to the rainfall, and sending a cleaning instruction if the expected value Re is smaller than a preset rainfall threshold value RO; if not, step 1).
In the step 1), the current is short-circuit current, and the voltage is maximum open-circuit voltage; the dust accumulation degree Dj is calculated as follows: dj ═ ((Voc1-Voc2)/Voc1+ (Isc1-Isc2)/Isc1)/2 × 100%, where Voc1, Isc1 are the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the first photovoltaic module 11, respectively, and Voc2, Isc2 are the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the second photovoltaic module 12, respectively. In this step, it may be further determined whether the dust accumulation degree Dj is smaller than a cleaning threshold, and if so, a cleaning completion instruction is issued, which indicates that the surface of the second photovoltaic module 12 is cleaned completely.
In this step, the frequency of the data acquisition action may be kept consistent with the frequency of cleaning the first photovoltaic module 11 every day, and the data acquisition action is performed after the first photovoltaic module 11 is cleaned, or may be set as needed, so as to increase the frequency of detection and acquisition, without limitation.
Furthermore, in the step, the collected data are uploaded to a background monitoring platform for calculation processing, statistical analysis and database summarization, and various graphs such as curve graphs and histograms can be visually presented. Related data and charts can be synchronously transmitted and displayed on a client mobile phone APP side or a photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance management system cloud platform of a client.
In the present invention, the dust accumulation degree can also be calculated by using the existing gray scale formula, but is not limited thereto.
In step 2), the total power generation loss is theoretical power generation loss Qs of the photovoltaic power station for 15 days in the future, wherein the theoretical power generation loss Qs is P0 xf H0 x 15/365 xDj, and H0 is the annual effective power generation hours of the photovoltaic power station (for example: the annual effective power generation hour in a certain area is 1150 hours), P0 is the installed power of the photovoltaic power station, and f is the system efficiency of the photovoltaic power station, and the value can be 80%. In actual use, the theoretical power generation loss is not limited to 15 days, and may be set in accordance with actual conditions such as 10 days or 20 days.
Further, the corresponding loss cost Cs is calculated according to the theoretical power generation loss Qs of the 15 days, wherein the loss cost Cs is Qs × p, p is the comprehensive electricity price of power generation sale of the photovoltaic power station, and the comprehensive electricity price is the electricity price of the desulfurized coal which is input to the national power grid part and multiplied by the internet access proportion plus the retail electricity price of the national power grid of the user self-generated electricity part and multiplied by the self-generated electricity proportion.
In the step 3), the cost Cc required by each cleaning can be obtained through statistics according to historical data of the photovoltaic power station cleaned manually or in other manners. And comparing the loss cost Cs with the cost Cc of cleaning the photovoltaic power station every time in the past.
The ash deposition threshold D0 may be preset to 3%, 5%, 10%, and selected according to actual requirements. The alarm information can be sent to a display terminal of a customer.
And 4) combining the future local short-term weather forecast information, the future local medium-term weather forecast information and the future local long-term weather forecast information to serve as another judgment condition for judging whether the photovoltaic module needs to be cleaned or not. The rainfall threshold R0 may be preset, for example 10 mm.
In practical application, stable and reliable local weather data sources can be obtained by communicating weather forecast data of a China weather data network and a local city weather bureau, the updating frequency of a weather actual condition interface is once every 1 hour, and the weather forecast interface is updated 3 times every day.
The invention fully considers the possibility of short, medium and long-term local precipitation in the future, and sets the probability ratio of relevant parameters by fully utilizing and combining the characteristics of weather forecast from the principle of weather forecast. Such as: the value ranges of the short-term value, the medium-term value and the long-term value of the weather forecast are divided into three types according to the 'weather forecast aging length of the national weather department' in general: short-term weather forecast (2-3 days), medium-term weather forecast (4-9 days), and long-term weather forecast (10-15 days)'. The corresponding accuracy of the rainfall forecast for 2 to 3 days in the future is the highest, the setting of the probability proportion is 90 percent of that of the weather forecast, the probability of M is 60 percent, and the probability of L is 30 percent; the forecast reliability of the rainfall in the weather forecast is low for more than 15 days, so that the probability ratio in the quantitative analysis is not included. Meanwhile, the method can correspond to the calculation of the total power generation loss of the photovoltaic power station caused by dust accumulation in the future 15 days.
In the quantitative calculation and analysis of rainfall numerical values in 15 days in the future, mathematical model fitting is carried out on the rainfall values of heavy rain, medium rain and light rain, so that the rainfall values can be simply and conveniently applied in practice. According to the definition of the weather forecast of the national weather department on light rain, medium rain, heavy rain and heavy rain, such as: in the mathematical model modeling, the specific numerical values of the heavy rain, the medium rain and the light rain are respectively taken as median, so that the probability statistical calculation is more convenient.
The dust on the surface of the photovoltaic module is washed by rainwater, so that the total amount of rainfall needs to be considered, and the rainfall intensity needs to be concerned and considered. Under the condition that total precipitation numerical value is the same, the effect of dissolving and scouring dust on the surface of the photovoltaic module by short-time strong precipitation is greatly improved. Therefore, we need to pay more attention to the maximum precipitation intensity over a period of time, namely taking the maximum value in the mathematical model. By optimizing the short, medium and long periods, the maximum precipitation amount is obtained in each probability interval so as to consider the actual effect of precipitation intensity on dissolving and scouring dust on the surface of the component, and thus, the method can be better close to the decision analysis in reality.
The expected value Re is sxmaxs (Rs, Rm, Rh) + mxmaxm (Rs, Rm, Rh) + lxmaxl (Rs, Rm, Rh), Maxs () represents the maximum precipitation amount in the short-term value, Maxm () represents the maximum precipitation amount in the medium-term value, Maxl () represents the maximum precipitation amount in the long-term value, and Rs, Rm, Rh are the small rain precipitation amount, the medium rain precipitation amount, and the large rain precipitation amount, respectively. Examples are: maximum precipitation Maxs (Rs, Rm and Rh) in 2-3 days in a short period, if light rain is in the second day, medium rain is in the third day, and the maximum precipitation is 17.5 mm; the maximum precipitation Maxl (Rs, Rm, Rh) in the long-term value is 37.5 on the assumption that heavy rain exists from the tenth day to the 15 th day, and so on.
Rainfall threshold value R0 uses the surperficial water guide device of subassembly because of the cooperation of photovoltaic module frame, and make R0 numerical value can descend by a wide margin, concrete value is different because of the slope of the actual installation photovoltaic module of roofing, the difference of mounting means (subassembly horizontal row, vertical row) can be different, accessible experience summary analysis, or the record of the actual generated energy promotion after rainfall numerical value size and the rain in certain period, carry out mathematical statistics analysis, scientific and reasonable's definite threshold value R0, do not need artificial subjective factor.
The related rainfall data of the weather forecast is constantly updated in a rolling manner, and the calculation and measurement are always carried out according to the current time point, so that the rainfall and the rainfall of the future 15 days are dynamically and closely combined for analysis and judgment. The quantitative calculation Re of the future rainfall value and the comparison of the rainwater threshold R0 are simple and easy to obtain, the weather condition can be considered longer, and the corresponding component cleaning decision can be more scientific and reasonable; simple and practical, and the laminating is practical.
Referring to fig. 4, the present invention further provides a photovoltaic module monitoring system, which includes a first photovoltaic module 11, a second photovoltaic module 12, a collecting unit 20, a cleaning control circuit 30, an electric storage unit 40, a first spraying unit 50, a wiper unit 60, a communication unit 80, and a monitoring platform 90; the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12 are placed under the same condition and are respectively connected with the electric storage unit 40 to charge the same; the collecting unit 20 is connected with the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12 to collect voltage and current; the spraying unit and the wiper unit 60 are mounted on the first photovoltaic module 11; the cleaning control circuit 30 is connected with the electric power storage unit 40, the first spraying unit 50 and the wiper unit 60 to control the cleaning of the first photovoltaic module 11 at regular time; the communication unit 80 is connected to the acquisition unit 20 to transmit the voltage and current; the monitoring platform 90 communicates with the communication unit 80, calculates the dust accumulation degree and loss cost according to the voltage and current, and judges whether to send a cleaning completion instruction or alarm information according to the dust accumulation degree, or judges whether to send a cleaning instruction according to the loss cost in combination with weather forecast data.
Referring to fig. 2, the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12 are solar cells with the same size and shape, and the installation positions, angles, and the like of the solar cells are consistent for comparison. Under the condition that monitored data are met, the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12 are connected in parallel to charge the electric storage unit 40, the electric storage unit 40 can be provided with a charge-discharge controller, and the charge-discharge controller controls charge and discharge of the storage battery, so that the storage battery is prevented from being overcharged and deeply discharged, and the service life of the storage battery is ensured.
The first spraying unit 50 is disposed on the top or the side of the first photovoltaic module 11, and is used for spraying cleaning water to the first photovoltaic module 11. It comprises a pipe and a water jet (not shown in the figures), which can be connected to a municipal water pipe or used in a water washing system already applied to the roof. At least one micro-spraying water nozzle is arranged at the tail end of the pipeline of the first spraying unit 50, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the water inlet end of the pipeline and used for controlling the pipeline to be opened or closed. The solenoid valve is powered by the accumulator unit 40.
The wiper unit 60 includes two wipers 61 and a motor connected thereto, the two wipers 61 are adapted to the first photovoltaic module 11, the two wipers 61 are respectively mounted on the top and side portions of the first photovoltaic module 11, and the two wipers 61 are controlled by the motor to perform a cleaning operation. The layout of the two wipers is not limited to this, and the two wipers can also be installed on two sides of the first photovoltaic module 11 or on the bottom and the side, that is, the two wipers are respectively installed on two adjacent sides of the first photovoltaic module 11, the two wipers 61 are respectively pressed and attached to the surface of the first photovoltaic module, the two wipers 61 are driven by the motor to scrape the surface of the first photovoltaic module 11, and further, after the surface of the first photovoltaic module 11 is sprayed with water, the two wipers 61 are driven by the motor to scrape the first photovoltaic module 11 in 1/4 fan-shaped areas.
Further, the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module are square, but not limited thereto, and may also be rectangular, pentagonal or other shapes according to different use scenes, that is, the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module are both polygonal. There are blank areas 62 on adjacent sides of the first photovoltaic module 11; the reserved blank area 62 is used for parking the windscreen wiper 61, so that the windscreen wiper unit cannot block lighting of a battery piece in the photovoltaic module in a non-working state, namely, the two windscreen wiper units 61 are parked in the blank area 62 in the non-working state respectively, and the width of the blank area 62 is greater than that of the windscreen wiper units 61.
The cleaning control circuit 30 may adopt a controller with timing and delay functions, and controls the cleaning of the first photovoltaic module 11 according to a preset time interval, wherein the first spraying is controlled to act first, and then the two wiper units act first and last. The cleaning control circuit 30 may be a commercially available PM4H-a that can be configured for multi-range timing, and can perform timing and delayed start functions.
The timing cleaning principle is as follows:
the cleaning control circuit 30 controls the electromagnetic valve of the first spraying unit 50 to be opened, and the water nozzle which is used for micro-spraying at the tail end of the pipeline sprays cleaning water to the first photovoltaic module 11.
Meanwhile, one of the motors of the wiper units 60 is controlled to work, the corresponding wiper is attached to the surface glass of the first photovoltaic module 11 and operates to wipe water in a quarter-circle sector, partial surface glass of the first photovoltaic module 11 is wiped for a plurality of times, and the resetting is stopped; and then, controlling the other motor to work, and enabling the corresponding windscreen wiper to locally scrape the surface glass of the first photovoltaic module 11 for a plurality of times.
And the two groups of wipers perform sequential actions in a reciprocating cycle, after the cleaning process is finished after the two to three times of cycles, the cleaning control circuit 30 is reset to wait for the next instruction receiving and then is activated to operate. For example: the interval of reactivation is set to a period of 7:00 to 19:00, once every 30 minutes or 2 hours.
The collecting unit 20 may adopt a dc voltage and current collecting module to collect the maximum open-circuit voltage and the circuit current of two groups of photovoltaic modules, for example, NX100D-T, which has 8 independent AD synchronous samples.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention is further provided with a first changeover switch 21 and a second changeover switch 22, the first changeover switch 21 being used for switching the communication between the first photovoltaic module 11 and the collection unit 20 or the electric storage unit 40, and the second changeover switch 22 being used for switching the communication between the second photovoltaic module 12 and the collection unit 20 or the electric storage unit 40. That is, with the first changeover switch 21, when a signal is to be collected, the first changeover switch 21 is controlled to turn on the circuit between the first photovoltaic module 11 and the collection unit 20, and when the electric storage unit 40 is to be charged, the first changeover switch 21 is controlled to turn on the circuit between the first photovoltaic module 11 and the electric storage unit 40. The second changeover switch 22 operates in synchronization with the first changeover switch 21.
Specifically, the first switch 21 and the second switch 22 may be implemented by a common switch such as a single-pole double-throw switch or an electromagnetic relay, or the first switch 21 and the second switch 22 may be implemented by a single double-pole double-throw switch. The first switch 21 and the second switch 22 can be controlled by the collecting unit 20, and the collecting unit can simultaneously, synchronously and real-timely collect characteristic data of voltage, current and the like of two or more groups of photovoltaic modules.
In the present invention, the communication unit 80 is configured to send the collected information, the dust accumulation degree Dj, and the like to the monitoring platform 90 or other terminal devices. This communication unit 80 can adopt one or more in WIFI module, RS485 module, 433M module, ethernet module or RTU data module to satisfy different data transmission requirements.
The monitoring platform 90 of the invention is connected with data such as voltage, current and the like, calculates the dust accumulation degree and loss cost according to the decision method, judges whether to send a cleaning finishing instruction or alarm information according to the dust accumulation degree, or judges whether to send a cleaning instruction according to the loss cost and weather forecast data.
The monitoring platform 90 further includes the following functional modules:
and the data storage module is used for classifying and storing the received information such as current, voltage, dust accumulation degree and the like.
The historical data query module can call data of a certain past month, a certain past day and even a certain past moment for checking, and also can select to check the cleaning moment of a certain past day.
And the curve analysis module summarizes all data into a dust accumulation degree-photovoltaic module power generation performance reduction rate, and is convenient for a user to observe along with a change curve of dates (days, weeks and months).
And by the data export function, a user can call out and display data to other terminals or platforms such as a mobile phone APP and the like, and can also print the data as required.
The instruction linkage module is matched with a spraying unit of a photovoltaic power station roof and the drainage device 100, and when the photovoltaic power station roof needs to be cleaned, the photovoltaic module cleaning system can be started, so that dust on the surface of the photovoltaic module can be automatically cleaned.
And the dust deposition degree prompting module is used for sending prompting information or alarm information when the obtained dust deposition length Dj exceeds a preset dust deposition length threshold value under the condition that the cleaning condition is not met.
The programmable fine tuning module can correct and adjust the model parameters of the system according to the actual situation so as to better adapt to the actual application environment.
The system can realize the monitoring of dust on the surface of the photovoltaic module of the photovoltaic power station, the intelligent decision of cleaning time and the like.
Referring to fig. 5 to 9, the invention further provides a photovoltaic module cleaning system, which is based on the photovoltaic module cleaning decision method or the photovoltaic module monitoring system, and is further provided with a plurality of photovoltaic modules 10, a second spraying unit and the like. The second spraying unit is arranged around the photovoltaic module 10 and the second photovoltaic module and used for receiving a cleaning command to control to start spraying on the photovoltaic module 10 and the second photovoltaic module 12, or receiving a cleaning completion command to control to stop spraying on the photovoltaic module 10 and the second photovoltaic module 12.
Wherein, the second sprays the unit and includes spray piping 161, a plurality of lift shower nozzle 162 and an at least intelligent control valve 165, and spray piping 161 is laid in a plurality of photovoltaic module 10 peripheries, and these a plurality of lift shower nozzles 162 are installed on spray piping 161, and this intelligent control valve 165 is installed in spray piping 161, and it can receive the instruction of washing or the instruction of finishing washing. This intelligent control valve can adopt intelligent solenoid valve, and it is the solenoid valve etc. that integrate battery, wireless communication module and controller, for example: COCON IEV series intelligent electromagnetic valve.
Specifically, the plurality of photovoltaic modules 10 are installed on the roof of the photovoltaic power station, are uniformly distributed in an inclined manner, and can be divided into a plurality of rows, each row has a plurality of columns, and each column has a plurality of photovoltaic modules 10. The spray pipe 161 is provided with a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes which are communicated with each other, and the main pipe is provided with an intelligent control valve 165. Each row of the photovoltaic modules corresponds to a branch, each branch is provided with a plurality of branches, the branches correspond to at least one row (preferably two rows) of the photovoltaic modules, and each branch is provided with at least one lifting spray head 162.
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the lifting spray head 162 may be of a conventional structure, and includes a housing 163 and a lifting head 164, and the lifting head 164 is installed in the housing 163 and can be lifted and rotated relative to the housing 163 by the water pressure, so as to implement the rotary spraying.
Further, a drainage device 100 is also included, and the drainage device 100 is mounted on the bottom side of the photovoltaic module 10. The photovoltaic module 10 includes a solar cell 14 and a frame 13 surrounding the solar cell 14. The drainage device 100 comprises an upper transverse part 110, a middle part 120 and a lower transverse part 130 which are connected in sequence, a plurality of water tanks are arranged on the inner surface of the drainage device 100, the water tanks extend from the front end of the upper transverse part 110 to the tail end of the lower transverse part, the water tanks are arranged side by side along the width direction of the drainage device, the drainage device 100 is buckled on a frame 13 of the photovoltaic module 10, and the part of the water tanks, which is close to the surface of the frame 13, and the surface of the frame 13 form a capillary water absorption pipeline. The structure of the drainage apparatus 100 is not limited thereto.
Due to the water surface tension effect of the frame at the horizontal lower end of the solar cell 14, water can enter the front end of the capillary water absorption pipeline and is discharged through the upper transverse part 110, the middle part 120 and the lower transverse part 130 or discharged through the water outlets of the upper transverse part 110 and the middle part 120, the efficiency is high, manual operation is not needed, and the solar cell can adapt to accumulated water with different rainfall amounts.
In the system, one or more monitoring systems can be placed on different roofs and different areas of the same roof for monitoring according to the actual operation environment conditions of the photovoltaic power station on site, and corresponding intelligent control valves 165 are arranged. Such as: the roof of a certain factory building faces to a logistics goods yard, and the dust pollution environment condition of the roof is different from that of other roofs; or a certain workshop section of a workshop belongs to a polishing work area, a roof corresponding to the work area may be polluted by photovoltaic modules in the partial area due to a small amount of dust flowing to the roof, and the monitoring device can be additionally arranged in the area range and corresponds to an intelligent electromagnetic valve to control a cleaning pipeline in the partial area. And the other environment areas are provided with devices for unified monitoring, and are provided with corresponding intelligent electromagnetic valves in a matching way to control the cleaning pipelines of the other areas. A plurality of sets of intelligent electromagnetic valves are networked through numbers and paired with corresponding monitoring devices, and perfect combination of large-area monitoring and cleaning and local monitoring and cleaning can be achieved. The working principle of the system is as follows: when the intelligent control valve 165 receives a cleaning command, the spray pipe 161 is opened, municipal tap water flows through the spray pipe 161 and is sent to the lifting spray head 162, the lifting head 164 of the lifting spray head 162 rises and rotates to spray to form a rain curtain, the water flows to the surface of the cleaned photovoltaic module 10, namely the surface of the second photovoltaic module 12, dust on the surface of the photovoltaic module is dissolved, a water-dust mixture is smoothly discharged through the drainage device 100, the drying of the side face of the frame 13 is ensured, in the cleaning process, when the monitoring background monitors that the dust deposition degree of the second photovoltaic module 12 is smaller than a cleaning threshold value, namely the surfaces of the second photovoltaic module 12 and other photovoltaic modules 10 of the photovoltaic power station represented by the second photovoltaic module 12 are cleaned completely, a cleaning completion command is sent to the intelligent control valve 165, and the intelligent control valve 165 controls the spray pipe 161 to be.
Example two
A photovoltaic module dust cleaning decision-making method, a monitoring system and a cleaning system are the same as the first embodiment in main steps and structure, and are different from the first embodiment in that: the first photovoltaic module 11 is connected in series with the second photovoltaic module 12. In the photovoltaic module monitoring system, a switch 23 is provided and connected between the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12. Referring to fig. 10, the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12 are respectively connected to the collecting unit 20. The electric storage unit 40 has one end connected to one end of the first photovoltaic module 11 and the other end connected to one end of the second photovoltaic module 12, and the changeover switch 23 is connected between the other end of the first photovoltaic module 11 and the other end of the second photovoltaic module 12.
The switch 23 is controllable by the collecting unit 20, when the switch is turned off, the collecting unit 20 can detect the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12, and when the switch is turned on, the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12 charge the power storage unit 40.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 11, a resistor 24 may also be connected in series to the other end of each of the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12, and when the switch is turned off, the collecting unit 20 may detect the operating voltage and the operating current of the first photovoltaic module 11 and the second photovoltaic module 12. The working current and the working voltage are respectively used for replacing open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, the calculation formula of the dust accumulation degree Dj is kept unchanged, and the dust accumulation degree of the second photovoltaic module 12 can be obtained.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A photovoltaic module dust cleaning decision method is characterized by comprising the following steps: presetting a first photovoltaic module and a second photovoltaic module, placing the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module in a photovoltaic power station under the same condition, cleaning the first photovoltaic module at regular time, and carrying out the following steps:
1) respectively collecting the current and the voltage of the first photovoltaic module and the current and the voltage of the second photovoltaic module, and calculating to obtain the dust accumulation degree Dj;
2) calculating the power generation loss Qs of the photovoltaic power station according to the dust accumulation degree Dj, and further calculating the loss cost Cs according to the power generation loss;
3) comparing the loss cost Cs with the cleaning cost Cc of the photovoltaic power station, and if the loss cost Cs is greater than the cleaning cost Cc, entering the step 4); if not, comparing the accumulation degree Dj with a preset accumulated gray level threshold, if the accumulation degree Dj exceeds the accumulated gray level threshold, sending alarm information, and if not, returning to the step 1);
4) acquiring weather forecast data, calculating an expected value Re of a future rainfall value according to the rainfall, and sending a cleaning instruction if the expected value Re is smaller than a preset rainfall threshold; if not, returning to the step 1).
2. The method for making a decision on cleaning a photovoltaic module with dust according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the current is a short-circuit current, and the voltage is a maximum open-circuit voltage; the dust accumulation degree Dj is calculated as follows: dj ═ ((Voc1-Voc2)/Voc1+ (Isc1-Isc2)/Isc1)/2 × 100%, where Voc1, Isc1 are the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the first photovoltaic module, respectively, and Voc2, Isc2 are the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the second photovoltaic module, respectively; in this step, it is also determined whether the dust accumulation degree Dj is smaller than a cleaning threshold, and if so, a cleaning completion instruction is issued.
3. The method for making a decision on cleaning a photovoltaic module with dust according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the total power generation loss is theoretical power generation loss Qs of the photovoltaic power station for 15 days in the future, wherein the theoretical power generation loss Qs is P0 XfXH 0X 15/365 XDj, H0 is annual effective power generation hours of the photovoltaic power station, P0 is installed power of the photovoltaic power station, and f is system efficiency of the photovoltaic power station.
4. The method for making a decision on cleaning a photovoltaic module with dust according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the loss cost Cs is Qs × p, and p is a comprehensive electricity price sold by the generated energy of the photovoltaic power station.
5. The method for making a decision on cleaning a photovoltaic module with dust according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the expected value Re is sxmaxs (Rs, Rm, Rh) + mxmaxm (Rs, Rm, Rh) + lxmaxl (Rs, Rm, Rh), where S, M, L are the future short, medium, and long-term precipitation probabilities, respectively, Maxs () represents the maximum precipitation amount in the short-term value, Maxm () represents the maximum precipitation amount in the medium-term value, Maxl () represents the maximum precipitation amount in the long-term value, and Rs, Rm, Rh are the small, medium, and large precipitation amounts, respectively.
6. A photovoltaic module dust monitoring system which characterized in that: the device comprises a first photovoltaic assembly, a second photovoltaic assembly, a collecting unit, a cleaning control circuit, an electric power storage unit, a first spraying unit, a wiper unit, a communication unit and a monitoring platform; the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module are placed under the same condition and are respectively connected with the power storage unit to charge the power storage unit; the collecting unit is connected with the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module to collect voltage and current; the spraying unit and the rain scraping unit are arranged on the first photovoltaic module; the cleaning control circuit is connected with the power storage unit, the spraying unit and the wiper unit to control the cleaning of the first photovoltaic module at regular time; the communication unit is connected with the acquisition unit to send voltage and current; the monitoring platform communication unit collects communication, calculates the accumulation degree and loss cost of dust according to voltage and current, judges whether to send a cleaning finishing instruction or alarm information according to the accumulation degree of the dust, or judges whether to send a cleaning instruction according to the loss cost and weather forecast data.
7. The photovoltaic module dust monitoring system of claim 6, wherein: the photovoltaic system comprises a first photovoltaic assembly, a second photovoltaic assembly, a first change-over switch and a second change-over switch, wherein the first photovoltaic assembly is connected with the second photovoltaic assembly in parallel; or the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module are connected in series, and a change-over switch is further arranged and connected between the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module.
8. The photovoltaic module dust monitoring system of claim 6, wherein: first photovoltaic module, second photovoltaic module are the polygon, the windscreen wiper unit is equipped with two wipers and the motor of being connected with it, two wipers with first photovoltaic module mutual adaptation, this two wipers press respectively and paste in first photovoltaic module's adjacent both sides, motor drive two wipers first photovoltaic module surface of scraping, first photovoltaic module's adjacent both sides still are equipped with blank area, two wipers do not operating condition stop respectively in blank area.
9. The utility model provides a photovoltaic module dust cleaning system is equipped with a plurality of photovoltaic module, its characterized in that: the photovoltaic module monitoring system further comprises a second spraying unit, wherein the second spraying unit is arranged around the photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module and used for receiving a cleaning command or a cleaning completion command of the photovoltaic module monitoring system of any one of claims 6 to 8 to start or stop spraying the photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module.
10. The photovoltaic module dust cleaning system of claim 9, wherein: the second spray unit comprises a spray pipeline, a plurality of lifting spray heads and at least one intelligent control valve, the spray pipeline is arranged on the periphery of the photovoltaic modules, the lifting spray heads are installed on the spray pipeline, and the intelligent control valve is installed on the spray pipeline.
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