CN111617739B - 一种Al-Mn改性生物质炭及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种Al-Mn改性生物质炭及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Mn]=O VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
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- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及碳材料技术领域,具体涉及一种Al‑Mn改性生物质炭及其制备方法和在重金属废水吸附中的应用,制备方法包括碳酸钾改性生物质炭的制备和Al‑Mn改性生物质炭的制备。本发明以废弃生物质作为原料,首先利用碳酸钾改性生物质炭,再通过铝、锰氧化物改性,将Al‑Mn氧化物负载到生物质炭上,所制得的Al‑Mn改性生物质炭具有多孔结构和较多的含氧官能团(‑OH、Al2O3、AlOOH、MnO和MnO2等),其通过还原反应、络合反应以及物理吸附、静电吸引等对重金属阴离子污染物表现出良好的去除性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及碳材料技术领域,具体涉及一种Al-Mn改性生物质炭及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
皮革、电镀、冶金等行业排放的废水中常含有铬、镍、镉等重金属元素,严重威胁全球环境安全。离子交换法、化学沉淀法以及膜分离法是现阶段常用的废水处理办法,但这些方法通常都存在成本高或工艺复杂的缺点。与上述方法相比,吸附法更加简便,所消耗的成本也更低。
生物质炭因其较大的比表面积和多孔结构常被用作吸附剂,但其对废水中污染物的去除能力仍较低。金属氧化物也可作为吸附剂处理废水中的重金属污染物,但金属氧化物的机械强度较低、孔结构不够发达,使用过程中不易固定。
基于此,提供一种既能确保廉价性又具备大吸附量,还可以对金属氧化物起到固定作用的改性生物质炭具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对普通生物质炭吸附量偏小、金属氧化物使用过程中不易固定的技术问题,本发明提供一种Al-Mn改性生物质炭及其制备方法和应用,以废弃生物质作为原料,首先利用碳酸钾改性生物质炭,再通过铝、锰氧化物改性,将Al-Mn氧化物负载到生物质炭上,所制得的Al-Mn改性生物质炭具有多孔结构和较多的含氧官能团(-OH、Al2O3、AlOOH、MnO和MnO2等),其通过还原反应、络合反应以及物理吸附、静电吸引等对重金属阴离子污染物表现出良好的去除性能。
第一方面,本发明提供一种Al-Mn改性生物质炭的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)碳酸钾改性生物质炭的制备:将预处理后的生物质原料与K2CO3混合均匀后,在保护气体气氛下热解;
(2)Al-Mn改性生物质炭的制备:将碳酸钾改性生物质炭浸渍于Al-Mn溶液中,然后在保护气体气氛下热解,待产物冷却至室温后,经研磨、干燥,得到Al-Mn改性生物质炭。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)为将预处理后的生物质原料与K2CO3按照重量比1:2混合均匀后,在氮气气氛下热解,热解温度600℃-800℃,升温速率5℃/min,保温时间1h-2h。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中,预处理包括生物质原料的清洗、干燥和粉碎。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中,生物质原料包括树叶、秸秆中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)为将碳酸钾改性生物质炭和Al-Mn溶液的混合物烘干后,在氮气气氛下热解,热解温度600℃-800℃,升温速率5℃/min,热解时间1h-2h。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中,Al-Mn溶液的制备方法为将0.6953g的AlCl3·6H2O和0.0759g的KMnO4溶于4mL蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中,每4mL Al-Mn溶液浸渍0.25g-1.5g生物质炭。
第二方面,本发明提供一种由上述制备方法制得的生物质炭。
第三方面,本发明提供一种上述制备方法制得的生物质炭在重金属废水吸附中的应用。
进一步的,所述重金属废水为含Cr(VI)废水。
本发明的有益效果在于,
本发明提供的Al-Mn改性生物质炭具有较大的总比表面积(1173.360m2/g)和总孔体积(0.541cm3/g),微孔表面积和微孔体积的百分比分别达到93.97%和83.92%,较高的微孔占比可以提供较大的比表面积并有效截留重金属离子,而少量的介孔可以促进重金属离子的传输,有利于Cr(VI)的去除;多级孔结构以及不同价态铝、锰氧化物的掺杂使得材料具有更多的吸附位点,在25℃条件下,投加量为0.67g/L、废水pH=3时,吸附8小时后Al-Mn改性生物质炭的理论饱和吸附量可达158.73mg/g。
本发明提供的Al-Mn改性生物质炭的制备方法具备原材料来源广泛、操作简单、过程容易控制的优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为BC、KBC和AMKBC-1的X射线衍射图谱;
图2为BC、KBC和AMKBC-1的表面形貌与元素组成图;
图3为AMKBC-1的元素分布图;
图4为AMKBC-1的X射线光电子能谱图;
图5为AMKBC-1吸附Cr(VI)的Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型拟合图。
图中,BC表示对比例1制得的生物质炭,KBC表示对比例2制得的碳酸钾改性生物质炭,AMKBC-1表示实施例1制得的Al-Mn改性生物质炭。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种Al-Mn改性生物质炭(以下简称AMKBC-1),以梧桐树叶为生物质原料,将梧桐树叶洗净、烘干并粉碎成梧桐叶粉末后制备Al-Mn改性生物质炭,制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)碳酸钾改性生物质炭的制备:将预处理后的梧桐叶粉末与K2CO3按照1:2的比例混合均匀后放入管式炉中,向管式炉中通入氮气,并在氮气气氛下进行热解,以5℃/min的升温速率升至800℃,热解2h;
(2)Al-Mn改性生物质炭的制备:首先向4mL蒸馏水中加入0.6953g的AlCl3·6H2O和0.0759g的KMnO4,混合均匀得到Al-Mn溶液,将1g碳酸钾改性生物质炭浸渍于该Al-Mn溶液中,将混合物烘干后放入管式炉中,向管式炉中通入氮气,并在氮气气氛下进行热解,以5℃/min的升温速率升至600℃,热解1h,待产物冷却至室温后,经研磨、干燥,得到AMKBC-1。
实施例2-4
如下表1所示,实施例2-4与实施例1的区别在于,步骤(2)Al-Mn改性生物质炭的制备中,碳酸钾改性生物质炭的用量不同。以下分别简称实施例2-4制得的Al-Mn改性生物质炭为AMKBC-2、AMKBC-3和AMKBC-4。
表1每4mL Al-Mn溶液浸渍的碳酸钾改性生物质炭质量
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
碳酸钾改性生物质炭质量 | 1g | 0.25g | 0.5g | 1.5g |
对比例1
一种生物质炭(以下简称BC),以梧桐树叶为生物质原料,将梧桐树叶洗净、烘干并粉碎成梧桐叶粉末后制备生物质炭,制备方法包括如下步骤:
将预处理后的梧桐叶粉末放入管式炉中,向管式炉中通入氮气,并在氮气气氛下进行热解,以5℃/min的升温速率升至800℃,热解2h,待产物冷却至室温后,经研磨、干燥,得到BC。
对比例2
一种碳酸钾改性生物质炭(以下简称KBC),以梧桐树叶为生物质原料,将梧桐树叶洗净、烘干并粉碎成梧桐叶粉末后制备生物质炭,制备方法包括如下步骤:
将预处理后的梧桐叶粉末与K2CO3按照1:2的比例混合均匀后放入管式炉中,向管式炉中通入氮气,并在氮气气氛下进行热解,以5℃/min的升温速率升至800℃,热解2h,待产物冷却至室温后,经研磨、干燥,得到KBC。
测试例1
如图1所示,采用X射线衍射仪对AMKBC-1、BC和KBC进行晶体结构特征的表征。BC和KBC在2θ约为23°处和43°处出现了石墨(002)和(100)晶面衍射峰,说明材料发生了一定程度的石墨化。相比于BC和KBC,复合材料AMKBC-1出现了金属氧化物的峰,18.71°和28.42°特征峰均为AlOOH的峰,推测40.49°特征峰为MnO2的峰(JCPDS:30-0820)。可以看出,本发明采用锰和铝改性生物质炭,明显丰富了生物质炭表面官能团的种类。
测试例2
采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪对AMKBC-1、BC和KBC进行表面形貌及元素组成的表征。
如图2左侧一列所示,BC为块状结构,孔含量相对较少;KBC具有发达的孔隙结构,说明K2CO3改性可以提高生物质炭的孔隙率;AMKBC-1仍为多孔结构,相比于KBC,AMKBC-1表面增加了许多类球状颗粒物,可能为负载上的金属氧化物,这说明KBC不仅能够提供较大的比表面积,还可以作为纳米材料的载体,分散并稳定纳米颗粒,解决了金属氧化物在使用过程中不易固定以及团聚的问题,二者的结合将进一步提高复合材料的吸附能力。
如图2右侧一列所示,BC和KBC主要由C和O两种元素组成;AMKBC-1主要由C、O、Al和Mn元素组成,说明Al和Mn已经成功修饰到改性生物质炭上,有助于加强材料对铬离子的去除性能。
图3的元素分布图同样说明Al和Mn已经成功修饰到改性生物质炭上,且进一步证明本发明制备方法能够将Al、Mn元素均匀地修饰在生物质炭上。
测试例3
采用X射线光电子能谱仪对AMKBC-1进行元素价态的表征。如图4所示,AMKBC-1的图谱中出现了C1s、O1s、Al2p和Mn2p的特征峰,说明本发明制备方法成功将铝和锰修饰到了改性生物质炭上;在C1s高清谱中,位于283.7eV的峰来源于材料中的C-N官能团,285.1eV的峰表明材料中存在C=C键;O1s高清谱可以分为三个峰:位于531.6eV的峰归因于材料表面的晶格氧(C-O、C=O),532.6eV处的峰归属于有机氧(-OH或C-O-C),而位于530.5eV处的峰来源于无机氧(M-O和M-OH,M代表金属);Al2p的谱图表明复合材料中的铝元素来源于Al2O3;Mn2p3/2谱图中位于641.0eV和642.1eV的峰分别对应MnO中的二价锰和MnO2中的四价锰。
实施例5Cr(VI)吸附测定实验
分别配制50mL、浓度为0、0.004、0.01、0.02、0.04、0.08、0.12、0.16和0.20mg/L的Cr(VI)水溶液,根据GB/T 7467-1987规定的二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定吸光度,根据实验所得数据,绘制浓度(C)和吸光度(A)的Cr(VI)标准曲线,并获得其回归方程。
取AMKBC-1、AMKBC-2、AMKBC-3、AMKBC-4、BC和KBC各0.01g,将其分别加入到30mL浓度为100mg/L的Cr(VI)水溶液中,然后放入恒温(25℃)水浴振荡器中,在180rpm下振荡5h,然后根据GB/T 7467-1987规定的二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法对吸附后溶液中的Cr(VI)含量进行测定。测试结果如下表2所示。
表2实施例1-4、对比例1-2材料对Cr(VI)的吸附量
根据表2可以看出,经过K2CO3改性的生物质炭由于具备多孔结构,材料的比表面积较BC更大,进而为Cr(VI)的吸附提供了更多的活性位点,因此KBC、AMKBC对Cr(VI)的吸附效果明显优于BC。同时,AMKBC-1和AMKBC-4对Cr(VI)的吸附量较KBC有明显增加,说明合适的Al、Mn复合量有助于材料吸附性能的提升,特别是当碳酸钾改性生物质炭与Al-Mn溶液的固液比(g/mL)为1:4时制得的AMKBC-1对Cr(VI)的去除效果最好,在本实施例条件下吸附量为56.87mg/g,约为KBC的1.4倍。
实施例6AMKBC-1的饱和吸附量测定实验
分别配制浓度为50、75、100、125、150、175和200mg/L的Cr(VI)溶液,调节溶液pH至3,按照0.67g/L的投加量向上述水溶液中投加AMKBC-1后,在恒温水浴振荡器中以25℃、180r/min的条件振荡8h,之后过滤取样,按照GB/T 7467-1987规定的二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定吸光度,并根据实施例5绘制的标准曲线得出吸附后Cr(VI)溶液的浓度,建立等温吸附模型,计算AMBKC-1的饱和吸附量。模型拟合结果以及AMKBC-1吸附Cr(VI)的等温吸附模型参数如图5和下表3所示。
表3 AMKBC-1吸附Cr(VI)的等温吸附模型参数
通过拟合所得Langmuir方程的相关系数R2为0.9960,高于Freundlich方程的0.9288,且通过Langmuir方程计算得出的理论吸附量158.73mg/g与实验值152.86mg/g较为接近,说明Langmuir模型能够较好地描述AMKBC-1对Cr(VI)的吸附过程,也表明该吸附过程主要为单分子层吸附。
尽管通过参考附图并结合优选实施例的方式对本发明进行了详细描述,但本发明并不限于此。在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的前提下,本领域普通技术人员可以对本发明的实施例进行各种等效的修改或替换,而这些修改或替换都应在本发明的涵盖范围内/任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求所述的保护范围为准。
Claims (6)
1.一种Al-Mn改性生物质炭的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)碳酸钾改性生物质炭的制备:将预处理后的生物质原料与K2CO3按照重量比1:2混合均匀后,在氮气气氛下热解,热解温度600℃-800℃,升温速率5℃/min,保温时间1h-2h;
(2)Al-Mn改性生物质炭的制备:将碳酸钾改性生物质炭和Al-Mn溶液的混合物烘干后,在氮气气氛下热解,热解温度600℃-800℃,升温速率5℃/min,热解时间1h-2h;
Al-Mn溶液的制备方法为将0.6953g的AlCl3·6H2O和0.0759g的KMnO4溶于4mL蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀;
每4mL Al-Mn溶液浸渍0.25g-1.5g生物质炭。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,预处理包括生物质原料的清洗、干燥和粉碎。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,生物质原料包括树叶、秸秆中的至少一种。
4.一种采用如权利要求1~3任一项所述的制备方法制得的生物质炭。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的生物质炭在重金属废水吸附中的应用。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述重金属废水为含Cr(VI)废水。
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