CN111606861A - 用于治疗病毒感染和另外的疾病的酰氨基嘧啶衍生物 - Google Patents
用于治疗病毒感染和另外的疾病的酰氨基嘧啶衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111606861A CN111606861A CN202010324951.XA CN202010324951A CN111606861A CN 111606861 A CN111606861 A CN 111606861A CN 202010324951 A CN202010324951 A CN 202010324951A CN 111606861 A CN111606861 A CN 111606861A
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- amidopyrimidine
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Abstract
Description
本申请是申请日为2013年10月3日,申请号为201380049948.X,发明名称为“用于治疗病毒感染和另外的疾病的酰氨基嘧啶衍生物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及酰氨基嘧啶衍生物、用于制备它们的方法、药物组合物、以及它们在治疗中的用途。
本发明涉及酰氨基嘧啶衍生物在治疗病毒感染、免疫障碍、及癌症中或作为一种疫苗佐剂的用途,由此干扰素的诱导是所希望的。在某种病毒感染的治疗中,可以给予干扰素(IFN-1型)定期注射,针对丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)通常就是这样。对于更多信息见参考文献弗里德(Fried)等人,聚乙二醇干扰素-α联合病毒唑治疗慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染(Peginterferon-alfa plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection),《新英格兰医学期刊》(N Engl JMed)2002;347:975-82。可口服的小分子IFN诱导物提供了降低的免疫原性以及给予便利性的潜在优势。因此,新颖的IFN诱导物是用于治疗病毒感染的潜在有效的新类别药物。有关具有抗病毒效果的小分子IFN诱导物的文献的一个实例,参见德克拉克,E.(De Clercq,E.);迪斯卡帕斯,J.(Descamps,J.);德索梅尔,P.(De Somer,P.)《科学》(Science)1978,200,563-565。
然而,对于新颖干扰素诱导剂存在一种强烈的需求,这些诱导剂与当前已知的化合物相比具有改进的安全性特性。
根据本发明提供了一种具有化学式(I)的化合物
或其一种药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物,其中
R1A选自下组:氢、经取代的或未经取代的酰基、或酰氧基,
R1B选自下组:氢、经取代的或未经取代的酰基、或酰氧基,
其条件是R1A和R1B不都是氢,
R2是C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基,其各自可任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这个或这些取代基独立地选自卤素、羟基、氨基、二-(C1-6)烷基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酰胺、杂环、二环杂环、芳基、烯基、炔基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、或腈,并且
R3是C1-8烷基、或芳基烷基,其各自可任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这个或这些取代基独立地选自卤素、羟基、氨基、C1-6烷基、二-(C1-6)烷基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、C1-6烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、羧酸、芳香族的或脂肪族的羧酸酯、羧酸酰胺、杂环、芳基、烯基、炔基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、或腈。
在本发明的一个第一实施例中提供具有化学式(I)的化合物,其中R1A和/或R1B是经取代的或未经取代的酰基,并且其中R2是C1-6烷基,优选-CH3,并且R3是被烷基酯取代的C1-8烷基。
在本发明的一个第二实施例中提供具有化学式(I)的化合物,其中R1A和/或R1B是异丁酰基并且其中R2是-CH3,并且R3是庚-3-基异丁酸酯。
处于任何立体化学形式的具有化学式(I、)的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物具有作为药物的活性,特别是作为干扰素的诱导剂的活性。
因此,在一个另外的方面,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括具有化学式(I)的化合物或其一种药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物连同一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂或载体。
此外,根据本发明的具有化学式(I)的化合物或其一种药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物,或者包括所述的具有化学式(I)的化合物或其一种药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物的药物组合物可以用作药剂。
本发明的另一个方面是:具有化学式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物,或者包括所述具有化学式(I)的化合物或其一种药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物的所述药物组合物因而可以相应地用于治疗涉及干扰素的诱导的障碍。
术语“烷基”是指包含指定数目碳原子的直链或支链饱和脂肪族烃。
术语“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
术语“酰基”是指被定义为-(C=O)R的基团,其中R是经取代的或未经取代的烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基。
术语“酰氧基”是指被定义为一(C=O)OR的基团,其中R是经取代的或未经取代的烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基。
术语“烯基”是指由至少两个碳原子和至少一个碳-碳双键组成的如以上定义的烷基。
术语“炔基”是指由至少两个碳原子以及至少一个碳-碳三键组成的如以上定义的烷基。
术语“环烷基”是指包含指定数目碳原子的碳环。
术语“烷氧基”是指单独键合至氧的烷基(碳和氢链)基团(例如甲氧基基团或乙氧基基团)。
术语“芳基”意指可任选地包括一个或两个选自N、O和S(特别是选自N和O)的杂原子的芳香族环结构。所述芳香族环结构可以具有5、6或7个环原子。特别地,所述芳香族环结构可以具有5或6个环原子。
术语“二环杂环”意指一种芳香族环结构,如针对由两个稠合芳香族环构成的术语“芳基”所定义的。每个环可任选地包括选自N、O和S(特别是选自N和O)的杂原子。
术语“芳烷基”意指如针对可任选地被一个烷基基团取代的术语“芳基”所定义的芳香族环结构。
术语“杂芳烷基”意指如针对可任选地被一个烷基基团取代的术语“杂芳基”所定义的芳香族环结构。
“杂环”是指饱和的或部分饱和的分子,并且包括乙醚、四氢呋喃、二噁烷或其他环醚。包含氮的杂环包括例如氮杂环丁烷、吗啉、哌啶、哌嗪、吡咯烷、以及类似物。其他的杂环包括例如硫代吗啉、间二氧杂环戊烷基以及环砜。
“杂芳基”基团是本质上为芳香族的杂环基团。这些是包含一个或多个选自N、O或S的杂原子的单环、二环或多环。杂芳基基团可以是例如咪唑基、异噁唑基、呋喃基、噁唑基、吡咯基、吡啶酮基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基......
具有化学式(I)的化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括其酸加成盐以及碱盐。合适的酸加成盐是由形成无毒盐的酸形成。合适的碱盐是由形成无毒盐的碱形成。
本发明的化合物还可以按非溶剂化的和溶剂化的形式存在。术语“溶剂化物”在此使用以描述包括本发明的化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的溶剂分子(例如,乙醇)的分子络合物。
术语“多晶型物”是指本发明的化合物以多于一种的形式或晶体结构存在的能力。
可以将本发明的化合物以晶态的或非晶态的产物进行给予。可以通过例如沉淀、结晶、冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥或蒸发干燥的方法获得呈固体塞、粉剂或膜的这些化合物。它们可以单独给予或与一种或多种本发明的其他化合物组合给予或与一种或多种其他药物组合给予。通常,它们将作为与一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂相结合的配制品而给予。术语“赋形剂”在此使用以描述除本发明的一种或多种化合物之外的任何成分。赋形剂的选择大体上取决于例如具体给予模式、赋形剂对溶解性和稳定性的影响以及剂型的性质等因素。
可以将本发明的化合物或其任何亚组配制为用于给予目的的不同药物形式。作为适当的组合物,可以提及通常用于全身性给予药物的所有组合物。为了制备本发明的药物组合物,将一种有效量的特定化合物(任选地呈加成盐形式)作为活性成分与一种药学上可接受的载体组合在均匀掺合物中,该载体可以采用多种形式,取决于用于给予的所希望的制剂的形式。令人希望地,这些药物组合物处于适合于例如口服、经直肠或经皮给予的单位剂型。例如,在制备处于口服剂型的组合物中,可使用任何常见药物介质,在口服液体制剂(例如悬浮液、糖浆剂、酏剂、乳液以及溶液)的情况中,例如像水,二醇类、油类、醇类以及类似物;或者在粉剂、丸剂、胶囊剂和片剂的情况中,固体载体如淀粉、糖、高岭土、稀释剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂以及类似物。因为其容易给予,片剂和胶囊剂代表了最有利的口服单位剂型,在该情况下显然使用固体药物载体。还包括在使用之前不久可以被转化为液体形式的固体形式制剂。在适合用于经皮给予的组合物中,该载体可任选地包括一种渗透增强剂和/或适合的润湿剂,可任选地与小比例的具有任何性质的适合的添加剂组合,这些添加剂并不在皮肤上引入显著的有害作用。所述添加剂可以促进对皮肤的给予和/或可以有助于制备所希望的组合物。能以不同方式给予这些组合物,例如,作为透皮贴剂、作为点剂、作为软膏剂。还可以经由吸入或吹入法借助于在本域中采用的用于经由此方式给予的方法和配制品来给予本发明的化合物。因此,大体上,本发明的化合物能以溶液、悬浮液或干燥粉剂的形式而被给予至肺部。
为了便于给予和剂量的均一性,将上述药物组合物配制成单位剂型是特别有利的。如在此使用的单位剂型指的是适合作为单位剂量的物理离散单位,各单位含有预定量的活性成分,该预定量的活性成分经计算与所需药物载体相结合而产生所希望的治疗效果。此类单位剂型的实例是片剂(包括刻痕或包衣的片剂)、胶囊剂、丸剂、粉末包(powderpacket)、糯米纸囊剂(wafer)、栓剂、可注射溶液或悬浮液以及类似剂型,及其分离的多个。
在感染性疾病治疗领域中的普通技术人员将能够从下文所呈现的测试结果来确定有效量。通常认为有效日用量为从0.01mg/kg至50mg/kg体重,更优选从0.1mg/kg至10mg/kg体重。可适合地将所需剂量在1天中以合适的时间间隔分2个、3个、4个或更多个子剂量形式给予。所述子剂量可以被配制成单位剂型,例如每一单位剂型包含1至1000mg、且特别是5至200mg的活性成分。
如本领域的普通技术人员所熟知的,给予的精确剂量和频率取决于使用的具有化学式(I)的具体化合物、正在被治疗的具体病症、正在被治疗的病症的严重性、具体患者的年龄、体重和总体身体健康状况、连同个体可能服用的其他药物。此外,显然该有效量可以降低或增加,这取决于所治疗的受试者的反应和/或取决于对本发明的这些化合物开处方的医师的评估。因此以上所提及的有效量的范围仅仅是指导而不是旨在以任何程度限制本发明的范围或用途。
实验部分.
化合物1的制备
向配备有磁力搅拌棒的50mL小瓶中放置2,4-二氯-5-甲氧基嘧啶(2.0g,11.7mmol)、和乙腈(20mL)、二异丙基乙胺(3.02g,23.4mmol)以及(S)-3-氨基庚醇(4.59g,35.1mmol)。允许将反应混合物在室温下搅拌15小时。将溶剂在减压下去除。将粗品经由硅胶柱层析使用二氯甲烷至在二氯甲烷中10%甲醇梯度进行纯化。合并最好的级分,并且将溶剂在减压下去除以提供一种白色固体,B。
向配备有磁力搅拌棒的厚壁玻璃小瓶中添加B(1g,3.66mmol)、NH3(10mL,水性)、碳酸氢铵(3.34g,42.3mmol)及氧化铜(I)(121mg,0.85mmol)。将该小瓶密封并且放置在油浴中并加热至150℃持续15小时。将该反应混合物用二氯甲烷(3x25mL)萃取,合并有机层并经硫酸镁干燥。将固体通过过滤去除,并且将滤液的溶剂在减压下去除。将粗品C经由HPLC纯化。
将C(463mg,1.82mmol)溶解于THF(13mL)中并冷却至-78℃。一次性添加NaH(145mg,3.64mmol,于矿物油中的60%分散体)并在-78℃下搅拌30分钟。在-78℃下逐滴添加异丁酰氯(389μL,3.64mmol)并搅拌10分钟。去除冷却浴并且允许该混合物达到室温。将该混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。将该混合物用水淬灭并且在真空中浓缩。将残余物通过HPLC(RP Vydac Denali C18 10μm,200g,5cm,流动相在水中的0.25%NH4HCO3溶液,乙腈)纯化,将所希望的级分进行收集,并且将溶剂在减压下去除以提供纯产物。
LC-MS m/z=395(M+H),保留时间1.1分钟,LC方法A。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.83(t,J=6.90Hz,3H)0.98-1.07(m,12H)1.16-1.35(m,4H)1.44-1.62(m,2H)1.84(q,J=6.78Hz,2H)2.45(spt,J=7.00Hz,1H)2.96(br.s.,1H)3.80(s,3H)3.92-4.07(m,2H)4.18-4.31(m,1H)6.69(d,J=9.03Hz,1H)7.60(s,1H)9.49(s,1H)。
用于制备A的合成方案
A2的制备
向戊醛(43g,500mmol)在THF(1L)中的溶液里添加A1(200g,532mmol),并且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。将溶剂进行蒸发,并且将残余物稀释在石油醚中并且进行过滤。将滤液的溶剂在减压下去除,并且将残余物通过硅胶层析使用石油醚至在石油醚中3%的乙酸乙酯的梯度进行纯化,以给出呈无色油的A2(90g)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δppm 6.81-6.77(m,1H),5.68-5.64(td,J=1.2Hz,15.6Hz,1H),2.11-2.09(m,2H),1.41(s,9H),1.38-1.26(m,4H),0.85-0.81(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
化合物A4的制备
在-78℃下,将正丁基锂(290mL,725mmol)添加至在THF(800mL)中的A3(165g,781mmol)的搅拌的溶液里。将该反应混合物搅拌30分钟然后添加在THF(400mL)中的A2(90g,488.4mmol),并且将反应在-78℃下搅拌2小时。将该混合物用饱和水性NH4Cl溶液进行淬灭并加温至室温。将产物在乙酸乙酯与水之间进行分段。将有机相用盐水洗涤,干燥并且进行蒸发。将残余物通过柱层析(用在石油醚中5%的乙酸乙酯洗脱)进行纯化,以提供无色油,A4(132g)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δppm 7.36-7.16(m,10H),3.75-3.70(m,2H),3.43-3.39(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),3.33-3.15(m,1H),1.86-1.80(m,2H),1.47-1.37(m,2H),1.32(s,9H),1.26-1.17(m,7H),0.83-0.79(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
A5的制备
将A4(130g,328mmol)溶解在THF(1.5L)中并且在0℃下以数小份添加LAH(20g,526mmol)。将所得混合物在相同的温度下搅拌2小时,并且然后允许加温至室温。将混合物用饱和水性NH4Cl溶液进行淬灭。将产物在乙酸乙酯与水之间进行分段。将有机相用盐水洗涤,干燥并且进行蒸发。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,将固体经由过滤去除并且进行浓缩以提供粗品A5(100g),将其不进行进一步纯化而用于下一步骤中。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δppm 7.33-7.14(m,10H),3.91-3.86(m,1H),3.80-3.77(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),3.63-3.60(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),3.43-3.42(m,1H),3.15-3.10(m,1H),2.70-2.63(m,2H),1.65-1.28(m,10H),0.89-0.81(m,3H)。
A的制备
在50℃下,将A5(38g,116.75mmol)和10%Pd/C在甲醇(200mL)中的溶液在50PSI氢气下氢化24小时。将该反应混合物进行过滤,并且将溶剂进行蒸发以给出A。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 8.04(s,3H),3.60-3.49(m,2H),3.16-3.15(m,1H),1.71-1.67(m,2H),1.60-1.55(m,2H),1.33-1.26(m,4H),0.90-0.87(t,J=6.8Hz,3H)。
分析方法.
根据以下LC-MS方法将在下表中的化合物1-8通过LC-MS进行表征。
在桥联的乙基硅氧烷/硅石混合体(BEH)C18柱(1.7μm,2.1×50mm;沃特斯(Waters)Waters Acquity)上以0.8ml/min的流速进行反相UPLC(超高效液相色谱)。使用两个流动相(在H2O/乙腈95/5中的10mM乙酸铵;流动相B:乙腈)来运行一个梯度条件:在1.3分钟内从95%A和5%B至5%A和95%B,并且保持0.7分钟。使用0.75μL的注射体积。对于正电离模式的锥孔电压是30V,并且对于负电离模式的锥孔电压是30V。
IFN-α产生以及CXCL10mRNA体内上调
口服给予C57BL/6小鼠之后,对化合物诱导IFN-α产生以及CXCL10 mRNA体内上调的潜力进行评估。对体循环中的IFN-α数量使用鼠pan-IFN-α ELISA(美国PBLInterferonSource公司,参考号42120)随着时间进行追踪。这种ELISA识别所有鼠IFN-α亚型。CXCL10是以一种干扰素刺激基因(ISG),其表达在IFN-I结合至受体IFNAR(干扰素α受体)后被高度诱导。通过RT-qPCR追踪CXCL10 mRNA表达水平。
针对所测试的每种化合物和每个剂量,对来自6-10周龄、20-22g体重的3只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠进行测试。使用饲管将呈15.5mg/kg(作为在20%水性羟基丙基β-环糊精运载体中的1.55mg/mL溶液)的单一口服剂量的化合物1给予动物。在给予之后0.5、1、2、4及7小时,将系统性血液(systemic blood)从尾静脉抽出至包含管的K-EDTA中。通过在1500g、10min、4℃下离心将血浆从血细胞中分离,并且在ELISA分析之前储存在-80℃下。在每个时间点下,计算3只动物的中位数和标准差以评估化合物的效能。
还将血液从尾静脉中抽取至包含500μl的PAXgene溶液的微电子管(micronictube)(来自PreAnalytix公司的PAXgene血液RNA管)中。在室温下孵育过夜后,在使用PAXgene 96血液RNA试剂盒(PreAnalytix公司)提取总RNA之前将这些管储存在-20℃下。将纯化的RNA使用随机的6-mer引物(高容量cDNA库试剂盒,应用生物系统公司(AppliedBiosystems))进行反转录。在7900HT快速实时PCR系统(应用生物系统公司)上,通过TaqmanqPCR技术(自应用生物系统公司的Taqman通用PCR主要混合物(Taqman universal PCRmaster mix),没有UNG AmpErase和Taqman基因表达测定,Mm00445235m1)确定CXCL10 mRNA水平。将HPRT1(次黄嘌呤转磷酸核糖基酶1)mRNA水平用作内源对照(Mm01545399_m1)。使用ΔΔCt方法(用于相对定量),与运载体对照相比较,评估由该化合物引起的CXCL10表达的调节。在每个时间点下,计算3只动物中位数和标准差以评估化合物的效能。
图
图1.在小鼠中,以15.5mg/kg单一口服给予化合物1之后,测定在肝脏(A)中和在血浆(B)中的干扰素水平。
图2.在小鼠中,以15.5mg/kg单一口服给予化合物1之后,测定在肝脏(C)*中和在血液(D)中的CXCL10的表达水平。
*一个4h时间点样本由于高的HPRT1值而被去除
在小鼠中,在口服给予单一剂量的化合物1之后,观察在肝脏和血液/血浆中内源干扰素的诱导和CXCL10的上调。
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