CN111447423A - Image sensor, imaging apparatus, and image processing method - Google Patents
Image sensor, imaging apparatus, and image processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111447423A CN111447423A CN202010219841.7A CN202010219841A CN111447423A CN 111447423 A CN111447423 A CN 111447423A CN 202010219841 A CN202010219841 A CN 202010219841A CN 111447423 A CN111447423 A CN 111447423A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses an image sensor, a camera device and an image processing method, wherein the image sensor comprises: the first filter layer, the second filter layer and the photosensitive layer are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of incident light; the first filter layer comprises a first area and a second area which are alternately arranged, the first area can at least pass infrared light and visible light, the second area can at least pass visible light, and the first area and the second area have different infrared light filtering functions; the second filter layer comprises different filter units arranged in an array; the photosensitive layer comprises photosensitive units arranged in an array, the photosensitive units, the light filtering units and the first area/the second area are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the photosensitive units corresponding to the first area are used for generating a first image, and the photosensitive units corresponding to the second area are used for generating a second image. By the mode, the invention can effectively improve the image processing efficiency and the quality of low-illumination color imaging and reduce the manufacturing cost of the camera.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of image acquisition technologies, and in particular, to an image sensor, an image capturing apparatus, and an image processing method.
Background
In order to acquire a color real-time scene under the condition of extremely low illumination, at present, a day and night confocal coaxial light path is mainly adopted, light entering a lens is divided into a visible light path and an infrared light path by a light splitting prism, images of the visible light path and images of the infrared light path are respectively acquired by two image sensors, and then the two images are fused to acquire a color picture under low illumination. In the other scheme, two cameras are adopted to respectively obtain a gray image and a color image, because the images obtained by the two cameras are different and only partially overlapped, when the images are fused, the overlapped areas need to be intercepted for processing, and only the overlapped parts can be fused, so that the image processing program is increased, and the efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an image sensor, a camera device and an image processing method, which can adopt the same image sensor to simultaneously acquire a gray-scale image and a color image, effectively improve the image processing efficiency and the quality of low-illumination color imaging, and reduce the manufacturing cost of a camera.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application adopts a technical scheme that: provided is an image sensor including: the first filter layer, the second filter layer and the photosensitive layer are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of incident light;
the first filter layer comprises a first area and a second area which are alternately arranged, the first area can at least pass infrared light and visible light, the second area can at least pass visible light, and the first area and the second area have different infrared light filtering functions;
the second filter layer comprises different filter units arranged in an array;
the photosensitive layer comprises photosensitive units arranged in an array, the photosensitive units, the light filtering units and the first regions are correspondingly arranged, the photosensitive units corresponding to the first regions are used for generating first images, the photosensitive units, the light filtering units and the second regions are correspondingly arranged, and the photosensitive units corresponding to the second regions are used for generating second images.
In order to solve the above technical problem, another technical solution adopted by the present application is: provided is an image pickup apparatus including: the image sensor and the image processor are coupled with the image sensor, and the image processor performs fusion processing on the first image and the second image generated by the image sensor to obtain a full-color image.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application adopts another technical solution that: provided is an image processing method including:
acquiring a first image generated through a first area, and extracting chrominance information of the first image;
acquiring a second image generated through a second area, and extracting brightness information of the second image;
and carrying out fusion processing on the first image and the second image according to the brightness information and the chrominance information to obtain a full-color image.
The beneficial effect of this application is: the first filter layer is provided with the first area and the second area which are alternated, so that the first area and the second area have different infrared light filtering functions, the same image sensor can simultaneously obtain a completely overlapped gray-scale image and a color image, the step of intercepting the overlapped area is omitted in the image processing process, the image processing efficiency and the quality of low-illumination color imaging are effectively improved, meanwhile, a beam splitter prism and the image sensor with high requirement on the precision of the installation angle are not required, and the manufacturing cost of the camera is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of an image sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of an image sensor of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a filter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an image sensor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an image pickup apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an image processing method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms "first", "second" and "third" in this application are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any indication of the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specifically limited otherwise. All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of an image sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the image sensor 10 includes: the first filter layer 11, the second filter layer 12 and the photosensitive layer 13 are arranged in sequence along the propagation direction of incident light rays.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the first filter layer 11 includes first areas 111 and second areas 112 alternately disposed, the first areas 111 can pass at least infrared light and visible light, the second areas 112 can pass at least visible light, and the first areas 111 and the second areas 112 have different filtering functions for infrared light. In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first region 111 passes only visible light and infrared light, and the second region 112 passes only visible light. Further, the first region 111 and the second region 112 are arranged in a stripe shape.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, the second filter layer 12 includes different filter units 120 arranged in an array. Further, the filtering unit 120 includes a first filtering unit 121 and a second filtering unit 122, the first filtering unit 121 includes a first red sub-filtering unit 1211, a first blue sub-filtering unit 1212, and a first green sub-filtering unit 1213, and the second filtering unit 122 includes a second red sub-filtering unit 1221, a second blue sub-filtering unit 1222, and a second green sub-filtering unit 1223; the first red sub-filter unit 1211, the first blue sub-filter unit 1212, the first green sub-filter unit 1213 of the first filter unit 121, and the second red sub-filter unit 1221, the second blue sub-filter unit 1222, and the second green sub-filter unit 1223 of the second filter unit 122 are mixedly disposed.
Furthermore, referring to fig. 3, the number of the first green sub-filter units 1213 of the first filter unit 121 is two, the number of the first red sub-filter units 1211 and the number of the first blue sub-filter units 1212 of the first filter unit 121 are both one, four sub-filter units of the first filter unit 121 are arranged in a rectangular shape, wherein the first red sub-filter units 1211 and the first blue sub-filter units 1212 are arranged diagonally in the rectangular shape, the filter unit 120 includes a plurality of first filter units 121, and the plurality of first filter units 121 are arranged in sequence; the number and arrangement of the sub-filtering units of the second filtering unit 122 are the same as those of the first filtering unit 121, the filtering unit 120 includes a plurality of second filtering units 122, the plurality of second filtering units 122 are sequentially arranged, two sub-filtering units of the second filtering unit 122 are located between two rows of sub-filtering units of the first filtering unit 121, and two sub-filtering units of the first filtering unit 121 are located between two rows of sub-filtering units of the second filtering unit 122. For example, referring to fig. 3, the first filter unit 121 is located in the odd-numbered row, and the second filter unit 122 is located in the even-numbered row.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the photosensitive layer 13 includes photosensitive units 130 arranged in an array, the photosensitive units 130, the light filtering units 120 and the first regions 111 are arranged correspondingly, the photosensitive units 130 corresponding to the first regions 111 are used for generating a first image, the photosensitive units 130, the light filtering units 120 and the second regions 112 are arranged correspondingly, and the photosensitive units 130 corresponding to the second regions 112 are used for generating a second image.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the photosensitive unit 130 includes a first photosensitive unit 131 and a second photosensitive unit 132, the first photosensitive unit 131 includes a first red sub-photosensitive unit, a first blue sub-photosensitive unit, and a first green sub-photosensitive unit, and the second photosensitive unit 132 includes a second red sub-photosensitive unit, a second blue sub-photosensitive unit, and a second green sub-photosensitive unit; the first photosensitive units 121, the first filtering units 131 and the first regions 111 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the photosensitive layer 13, and are used for generating a first image formed by color image pixels;
the second photosensitive units 122, the second filter units 132, and the second regions 112 are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the photosensitive layer 13, and are used for generating a second image formed by black and white image pixels.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the photosensitive layer 13 further includes a charge storage region 133 connected to the photosensitive unit 130, the photosensitive unit 130 converts the received photons into charges for generating image signals, the charge storage region 133 is used for storing the charges for generating the first image by the first photosensitive unit 131 and the charges for generating the second image by the second photosensitive unit 132.
The image sensor 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention arranges the first area 111 and the second area 112 alternately on the first filter layer 11, so that the first area 111 and the second area 112 have different infrared light filtering functions, and the same image sensor 10 can simultaneously acquire completely overlapped grayscale images and color images.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of an image sensor according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the image sensor 40 includes: a light-increasing layer 41, a first filter layer 42, a second filter layer 43, and a photosensitive layer 44, which are provided in this order in the traveling direction of incident light rays.
The light enhancement layer 41 is used for enhancing incident light and transmitting the enhanced incident light to the first filter layer 42, and preferably, the light enhancement layer 41 includes a micro-magnifying lens.
The first filter layer 42 includes first regions 421 and second regions 422 alternately arranged, the first regions 421 can pass at least infrared light and visible light, the second regions 422 can pass at least visible light, and the first regions 421 and the second regions 422 have different filtering functions for infrared light.
In the present embodiment, the first filter layer 42 in fig. 4 is similar to the first filter layer 11 in fig. 1, and for brevity, description is not repeated here.
The second filter layer 43 includes different filter units 430 arranged in an array.
In the present embodiment, the second filter layer 43 in fig. 4 is similar to the second filter layer 12 in fig. 1, and for brevity, the description is omitted here.
The photosensitive layer 44 includes photosensitive units 440 arranged in an array, the photosensitive units 440, the light filtering units 430 and the first areas 421 are correspondingly arranged, the photosensitive units 440 corresponding to the first areas 421 are used for generating a first image, the photosensitive units 440, the light filtering units 430 and the second areas 422 are correspondingly arranged, and the photosensitive units 440 corresponding to the second areas 422 are used for generating a second image.
In the present embodiment, the photosensitive layer 44 in fig. 4 is similar to the photosensitive layer 13 in fig. 1, and for brevity, the description thereof is omitted.
The image sensor 40 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is based on the first embodiment, and increases the intensity of incident light by adding the light-adding layer 41, so as to improve the imaging quality of the photosensitive layer 44.
Fig. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an image pickup apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the image pickup apparatus 50 includes: an image sensor 51 and an image processor 52 coupled to the image sensor 51, the image processor 52 performing a fusion process on the first image and the second image generated by the image sensor 51 to obtain a full-color image.
Further, the image processor 52 includes: an image extraction unit 521 and an image fusion unit 522 coupled to the image extraction unit 521, the image extraction unit 521 extracting chrominance information of the first image and luminance information of the second image and sending the extraction result to the image fusion unit 522, the image fusion unit 522 fusing the first image and the second image according to the extraction result and generating a full-color image.
The image capturing device 50 according to the first embodiment of the present invention uses one image sensor 51 to simultaneously obtain the completely overlapped grayscale and color images, thereby eliminating the step of capturing the overlapped region in the image processing process, effectively improving the image processing efficiency and the quality of low-illumination color imaging, and simultaneously, the solution does not need to use a beam splitter prism and an image sensor with high requirement on the accuracy of the installation angle, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the camera.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an image processing method according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that the method of the present invention is not limited to the flow sequence shown in fig. 6 if the results are substantially the same. As shown in fig. 6, the method is applied to the aforementioned image pickup apparatus 50, and includes the steps of:
step S601: a first image generated through the first region is acquired, and chromaticity information of the first image is extracted.
In step S601, the first region passes only visible light and infrared light, the second region passes only visible light, and the first image is composed of color image pixels.
Step S602: a second image generated through the second region is acquired, and luminance information of the second image is extracted.
In step S602, the second region passes only visible light, the second image is composed of black-and-white image pixels, and luminance information of the second image is extracted to obtain a grayscale map.
Step S603: and carrying out fusion processing on the first image and the second image according to the brightness information and the chrominance information to obtain a full-color image.
In step S603, a fusion process is performed using the grayscale map of the first image as a guide image based on the chromaticity information of the first image, thereby obtaining a real-time full-color image.
In the image processing method of the first embodiment of the invention, the completely overlapped gray-scale image and the color image are simultaneously acquired by adopting one image sensor, so that the step of intercepting the overlapped area is omitted in the image processing process, and the image processing efficiency and the quality of low-illumination color imaging are effectively improved.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, a division of a unit is merely a logical division, and an actual implementation may have another division, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The above embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, and all modifications, equivalents, and flow charts using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present disclosure or those directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are intended to be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. An image sensor, comprising: the first filter layer, the second filter layer and the photosensitive layer are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of incident light;
the first filter layer comprises a first area and a second area which are alternately arranged, the first area can at least pass infrared light and visible light, the second area can at least pass visible light, and the first area and the second area have different infrared light filtering functions;
the second filter layer comprises different filter units arranged in an array;
the photosensitive layer comprises photosensitive units arranged in an array, the photosensitive units, the light filtering units and the first regions are correspondingly arranged, the photosensitive units corresponding to the first regions are used for generating first images, the photosensitive units, the light filtering units and the second regions are correspondingly arranged, and the photosensitive units corresponding to the second regions are used for generating second images.
2. The image sensor of claim 1,
the light filtering unit comprises a first light filtering unit and a second light filtering unit, the first light filtering unit comprises a first red sub light filtering unit, a first blue sub light filtering unit and a first green sub light filtering unit, and the second light filtering unit comprises a second red sub light filtering unit, a second blue sub light filtering unit and a second green sub light filtering unit;
the photosensitive unit comprises a first photosensitive unit and a second photosensitive unit, the first photosensitive unit comprises a first red sub photosensitive unit, a first blue sub photosensitive unit and a first green sub photosensitive unit, and the second photosensitive unit comprises a second red sub photosensitive unit, a second blue sub photosensitive unit and a second green sub photosensitive unit;
the first photosensitive unit, the first filtering unit and the first area are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the photosensitive layer and are used for generating the first image formed by color image pixels;
the second photosensitive units, the second filtering units and the second areas are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the photosensitive layer and used for generating the second image formed by black and white image pixels.
3. The image sensor of claim 2,
the first red sub-filtering unit, the first blue sub-filtering unit, the first green sub-filtering unit of the first filtering unit and the second red sub-filtering unit, the second blue sub-filtering unit and the second green sub-filtering unit of the second filtering unit are arranged in a mixed mode.
4. The image sensor of claim 3,
the first red sub-filtering unit and the first blue sub-filtering unit of the first filtering unit are arranged in a rectangle, wherein the first red sub-filtering unit and the first blue sub-filtering unit are arranged diagonally in the rectangle;
the number and arrangement of the sub-filtering units of the second filtering unit are the same as those of the first filtering unit, the two sub-filtering units of the second filtering unit are positioned between the two rows of the sub-filtering units of the first filtering unit, and the two sub-filtering units of the first filtering unit are positioned between the two rows of the sub-filtering units of the second filtering unit.
5. The image sensor of claim 2, wherein the photosensitive layer further comprises a charge storage region coupled to the photosensitive cells, the charge storage region for storing charge used by the first photosensitive cell to generate the first image and charge used by the second photosensitive cell to generate the second image.
6. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising: and the light enhancement layer is positioned in the light propagation direction of the incident light and is used for enhancing the incident light and transmitting the enhanced incident light to the first filter layer.
7. An image pickup apparatus, comprising: an image sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and an image processor coupled to the image sensor, the image processor performing a fusion process on the first and second images generated by the image sensor to obtain a full-color image.
8. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said image processor comprises: the image fusion device comprises an image extraction unit and an image fusion unit coupled with the image extraction unit, wherein the image extraction unit extracts the chrominance information of the first image and the luminance information of the second image and sends the extraction result to the image fusion unit, and the image fusion unit fuses the first image and the second image according to the extraction result and generates a full-color image.
9. An image processing method applied to the image pickup apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by comprising:
acquiring a first image generated through a first area, and extracting chrominance information of the first image;
acquiring a second image generated through a second area, and extracting brightness information of the second image;
and carrying out fusion processing on the first image and the second image according to the brightness information and the chrominance information to obtain a full-color image.
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Application publication date: 20200724 |