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CN111434943A - 滚动轴承单元和圆锥滚子轴承内圈 - Google Patents

滚动轴承单元和圆锥滚子轴承内圈 Download PDF

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CN111434943A
CN111434943A CN202010008766.XA CN202010008766A CN111434943A CN 111434943 A CN111434943 A CN 111434943A CN 202010008766 A CN202010008766 A CN 202010008766A CN 111434943 A CN111434943 A CN 111434943A
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inner ring
bearing unit
rolling
axial end
tapered roller
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CN111434943B (zh
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拉尔夫·西本布罗特
沃克尔·温特
卡斯滕·祖尔
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • F16C19/364—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/585—Details of specific parts of races of raceways, e.g. ribs to guide the rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/586—Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7803—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings
    • F16C33/7813—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings for tapered roller bearings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种滚动轴承单元，其包括至少一个外圈(20)、至少一个内圈(22)以及接触外圈和内圈的多个滚动元件(30)，内圈包括供密封元件(26)抵靠且布置在滚动轴承单元的轴向端区域(28)的至少一个表面(24)。提出的是，突起(34)被布置成使得从表面开始沿径向(32)朝向滚动元件延伸，该突起比所述表面在径向上延伸得更向外。

Description

滚动轴承单元和圆锥滚子轴承内圈
技术领域
本发明涉及根据方案1的前序部分的滚动轴承单元。
背景技术
已知的滚动轴承单元(参见图1)包括外圈10、内圈12以及接触外圈和内圈的多个滚动元件14。内圈包括供密封元件18抵靠且布置在滚动轴承单元的轴向端区域的表面16。为了延长滚动轴承单元的使用寿命，以相对短的时间间隔执行(effected)新的润滑。用于延长使用寿命的另一手段是使用较大的滚动轴承单元。
发明内容
本发明的目的特别在于实现效率的提高。该目的由方案1的特征以及由方案7的特征而被有创造性地实现，而本发明的有利设计和改进可以由从属方案得知。
本发明涉及一种滚动轴承单元，其包括至少一个外圈、至少一个内圈以及接触外圈和内圈的多个滚动元件，内圈包括供密封元件抵靠且布置在滚动轴承单元的轴向端区域的至少一个表面。
所提出的是，突起被布置成从所述表面开始沿径向朝向滚动元件延伸，该突起比所述表面在径向上延伸得更向外。根据本发明，能够实现效率的提高。特别能够实现的是，针对特别是用作车轮轴承单元或小齿轮轴承单元的、已经在连续生产时发现的现有技术的滚动轴承单元，具体而言，特别是针对具有根据图1的设计的那些滚动轴承单元，通过改变单个部件，就诸如特别是车辆转弯时等的侧向负载情形(/横向负载情形)(transverseload situation)(其中内圈的位于滚动轴承单元的轴向端处的凸缘面会受到重的负载)而言有成本效益地实现了较大的鲁棒性。这种侧向负载情形可能会在许多不同的应用中出现，例如，对于圆锥滚子轴承。特别是由于在这种侧向负载情形中，滚动元件与凸缘面之间的接触椭圆不被凸缘面的轴向端所切(/切割)(cut)，这会致使凸缘面与滚动元件之间的润滑膜的径向高度因凸缘高度较小而不降低，使得凸缘面与滚动元件之间不发生混合摩擦，因而还不会发生加热或因加热导致的润滑剂的劣化，所以实现了较大的鲁棒性。特别的是，通过避免润滑剂的劣化，延长了滚动轴承单元的使用寿命。
其它优点可以从附图的以下描述得到。在附图中描绘了本发明的示例性实施方式。附图、说明书和权利要求书包含多个特征的组合。本领域技术人员还将有利地考虑单个特征并将其组合成其它有意义的组合。
附图说明
图1示出了穿过根据现有技术的滚动轴承单元的轴向局部截面，
图2示出了穿过本发明的滚动轴承单元的轴向局部截面，
图3示出了穿过本发明的滚动轴承单元的内圈的轴截面，以及
图4示出了穿过另一本发明的滚动轴承单元的内圈和滚动元件的轴截面。
附图标记说明
10 外圈
12 内圈
14 滚动元件
16 表面
18 密封元件
20 外圈
22 内圈
23 内圈
24 表面
26 密封元件
28 端区域(end region)
30 滚动元件
32 径向
34 突起
36 滚道
38 凸缘面(flange surface)
40 对称轴线
42 边
44 缺口
46 端
48 端
50 端
52 高度
54 表面
56 表面
具体实施方式
图2示出了穿过本发明的滚动轴承单元的轴向局部截面，该滚动轴承单元包括外圈20、内圈22以及接触外圈和内圈的多个滚动元件30。内圈包括供被构造为金属板元件的密封元件26抵靠且布置在滚动轴承单元的轴向区域28的表面24(图2和图3)。内圈包括沿径向32延伸且从所述表面开始沿轴向朝向滚动元件倾斜的突起(elevation)34。突起比所述表面在径向32上延伸得更靠外。
外圈、内圈和滚动元件形成圆锥滚子轴承，使得内圈是圆锥滚子轴承内圈。内圈包括被构造成供滚动元件滚动的滚道36，滚道包括第一轴向端46和第二轴向端48。第二轴向端48的直径大于第一轴向端46的直径。表面24在径向上布置在内圈的轴向端50的外侧，并且直接布置在内圈的轴向端50。此外，表面24被布置成比靠近第一轴向端46更靠近第二轴向端48。从表面24开始，突起(elevation)34在轴向上成角度地远离轴向端50。另外，对于其轴向位置，所述突起布置在内圈的所述表面与滚道36之间。突起34的轴向内侧形成内圈的凸缘面38。
滚动元件被构造为圆锥滚子。滚动元件中的一个滚动元件的对称轴线40与突起34的径向外表面之间的距离为零，进而小于圆锥滚子的宽边(wider side)42的半径的一定百分比(/分数/一部分/一小部分)(a fraction of radius)。内圈在表面24与突起34之间包括缺口44。
在凸缘面38以与滚动轴承单元的负载极限对应的方式受到滚动元件的负载的状态下，滚动元件与凸缘面之间的所有接触面均是椭圆。
滚动轴承单元包括另一内圈23和另一滚动元件(未示出)，其与外圈一起形成另一圆锥滚子轴承。这是滚动轴承单元的一部分。
图4描绘了可选的示例性实施方式。总体上用相同的附图标记对实质上相同的组件、特征和功能进行标号。然而，为了将示例性实施方式区分开，对图4中的示例性实施方式的附图标记添加字母“a”。以下描述实质上限于与图2和图3中的示例性实施方式的区别，其中对于仍然相同的组件、特征和功能，可以参照图2和图3中的示例性实施方式的描述。
图4示出了穿过另一本发明的滚动轴承单元的内圈22a和滚动元件30a的轴(向)截面。内圈包括外表面的形状为圆柱状且直接抵靠凸缘面38a直至斜面边缘(beveled edge)的表面56a。内圈的表面54a在轴向上布置在表面56a与表面24a之间。表面54a的外表面的形状为截头锥形状。在内圈的制造期间，可以同时研磨滚道36a和表面24a，这会节约时间和成本。主要研磨表面54a。在原理上，还可以不研磨表面54a。由表面56a距内圈的重心的轴向距离与内圈的最大轴向长度形成的比例小于1/5。表面56a的轴向延伸量大致等于表面54a的轴向延伸量。归因于表面56a的存在，能够避免内圈在安装引导件中的堵塞(jamming)。另外，能够避免包括了所述安装引导件的输送单元的磨损。

Claims (8)

1.一种滚动轴承单元，其包括至少一个外圈(20)、至少一个内圈(22)以及接触所述外圈和所述内圈的多个滚动元件(30)，所述内圈包括供密封元件(26)抵靠且布置在所述滚动轴承单元的轴向端区域(28)的至少一个表面(24)，其特征在于，所述内圈的突起(34)被布置成从所述表面开始沿径向(32)且在轴向上朝向所述滚动元件延伸，所述突起(34)比所述表面在径向上延伸得更向外。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承单元，其特征在于，所述突起的轴向位置布置在所述内圈的所述表面与被设置用于供所述滚动元件滚动的滚道(36)之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承单元，其特征在于，所述突起的轴向内侧由所述内圈的凸缘面(38)形成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的滚动轴承单元，其特征在于，在所述凸缘面以与所述滚动轴承单元的负载极限对应的方式受到所述滚动元件的负载的状态下，所述滚动元件与所述凸缘面之间的所有接触面均是椭圆。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承单元，其特征在于，多个所述滚动元件中的被形成为圆锥滚子的滚动元件的对称轴线(40)与所述突起的径向外表面之间的距离小于所述圆锥滚子的宽边(42)的半径的四分之一，优选小于所述半径的六分之一，特别优选小于所述半径的八分之一。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承单元，其特征在于，所述内圈在所述表面与所述突起之间包括缺口(44)。
7.一种圆锥滚子轴承内圈，特别是根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承单元的圆锥滚子轴承内圈，其包括被构造用于供滚动元件滚动且包括第一轴向端(46)和第二轴向端(48)的滚道，其中所述第二轴向端(48)具有比所述第一轴向端(46)大的直径，从被布置成直接抵靠所述圆锥滚子轴承内圈的轴向端(50)且比靠近所述第一轴向端更靠近所述第二轴向端的径向靠外表面开始，所述圆锥滚子轴承内圈包括在轴向上远离所述圆锥滚子轴承内圈的轴向端延伸的径向突起。
8.根据权利要求7所述的圆锥滚子轴承内圈，其特征在于，所述突起的轴向内侧由所述圆锥滚子轴承内圈的凸缘面形成。
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