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CN111405593B - Method for suppressing bit error rate and improving performance of non-orthogonal access technology under Nakagami-m channel - Google Patents

Method for suppressing bit error rate and improving performance of non-orthogonal access technology under Nakagami-m channel Download PDF

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CN111405593B
CN111405593B CN202010099494.9A CN202010099494A CN111405593B CN 111405593 B CN111405593 B CN 111405593B CN 202010099494 A CN202010099494 A CN 202010099494A CN 111405593 B CN111405593 B CN 111405593B
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贾敏
高琦凌
郭庆
顾学迈
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

A method for suppressing the error rate and improving the performance of a non-orthogonal access technology under a Nakagami-m channel relates to the technical field of information and communication, aims to realize the optimal network of multi-user error rate performance and improve the performance of the integral error rate of the network while ensuring the performance of a single user, and is summarized as follows: step one, setting a bit error rate tolerance; step two, setting a network error rate tolerance optimization range; determining the initial power distribution condition, and calculating a first derivative result according to a dichotomy until the first derivative result meets the tolerance optimization range; step four, verifying the power distribution result to determine whether the error rate tolerance of a single user given in the step one is met; step five, if not, enlarging the tolerance optimization range or reducing the error rate tolerance required by a single user according to the stepping; therefore, the power distribution result is obtained, and the method has the advantages of wide application scenes, simple calculation and great development potential.

Description

Method for suppressing error rate and improving performance of non-orthogonal access technology under Nakagami-m channel
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information and communication, in particular to a nakagami-m channel model-based bit error rate optimization technology in a communication network.
Background
Aiming at the problems of large number of users, dense distribution and shortage of spectrum resources in the existing network, a spectrum saving scheme capable of supporting access of a large number of users is urgently needed to be provided, higher spectrum utilization efficiency is obtained, and increasing user access requirements are met. Aiming at the problems, a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology is a mature technology in recent years, higher spectrum utilization efficiency can be realized through superposition transmission and one-by-one demodulation of multi-user information, meanwhile, the NOMA technology has no carrier wave and bandwidth limitation, can be used in cooperation with multiple transmission systems, network load capacity is increased, meanwhile, the unique multi-user superposition transmission characteristic of the NOMA can greatly reduce the complex interference problem under a spectrum sharing scene, meanwhile, the NOMA technology is simple to realize, low in complexity, free of large-scale improvement on the existing system, low in channel feedback requirement and capable of enhancing access flexibility, and can be applied to three typical application scenes of 5G (BB, URLLC and mMTC). Under the condition of random access channel connection, the scheduling request can be saved, so that the energy consumption and the scheduling request are saved, and the response time is reduced. Meanwhile, the NOMA technology has wide application space in future 6G and satellite-ground hybrid networks.
The NOMA technology is used as a spectrum non-orthogonal access technology, information of a plurality of users is sent by overlapping at a sending end, power factors are distributed according to a channel state, and information is demodulated in sequence according to different powers of received signals at a receiving end. Therefore, the NOMA technology is a technology of actively introducing interference to realize larger user capacity, and a receiving end mainly faces two problems, namely, the interference cancellation technology based on the Serial Interference Cancellation (SIC) technology, the performance of the interference cancellation technology is greatly influenced by high-power users, the error transmissibility of the interference cancellation technology is serious, the error of the information demodulated preferentially greatly influences subsequent information, the requirement on the power distribution factor is strict, and the performance difference of different power distribution factors is large. In view of the above two problems, a new demodulation technique is needed, which can suppress the problem of error transmission during demodulation, and optimize the power allocation factor to obtain the best bit error rate performance. Meanwhile, focusing on the optimum bit error rate performance of only a single user will cause the deterioration of the rest users and further bring about the deterioration of the reliability of the whole network. Therefore, attention needs to be paid to both the error rate performance of a single user and the network error rate performance to meet the user requirements in future communication scenarios.
The Nakagami-m channel is used as a typical communication attenuation channel model and is applied to communication scenes such as unmanned aerial vehicles, base stations and satellites, and meanwhile, the Nakagami-m channel can be degenerated into a traditional rayleigh channel model when m =1, so that the application scenes are wide. However, the theoretical analysis of the Nakagami-m channel is difficult in the analysis process, so that the theoretical analysis and the proposal for the Nakagami-m channel have a great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for inhibiting the error rate and improving the performance of a non-orthogonal access technology under a Nakagami-m channel in order to realize the network optimization of multi-user error rate performance and realize the performance improvement of the overall error rate of a network while ensuring the performance of a single user.
The method for suppressing the error rate and improving the performance of the non-orthogonal access technology under the Nakagami-m channel comprises the following steps:
grouping users, determining far and near users, determining a data modulation order and giving an initial power distribution factor;
secondly, determining multi-user superposition information according to the modulation order and the distance of the user;
step three, optimizing a multi-user power distribution factor according to the error rate tolerance of the user and the network and a theoretical derivation result;
first, considering the downlink NOMA communication technique, the received signal of the downlink user k is represented as:
y k ＝h k s+n k ,(1)
wherein h is k Denotes the kth th Channel state information, dimensionless, n, of a user k Represents Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) of the channel, with a mean of 0 and a variance of N 0 The signal s in equation (1) above can be further expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000021
wherein: alpha (alpha) ("alpha") 1 And alpha 2 Representing the power allocation factor to be allocated to the far and near users, dimensionless, requiring the constraint alpha to be satisfied 1 +α 2 =1 and α 1 ＞α 2 In order to ensure the fairness of users, users with longer distance are distributed with larger acquired power; in the formula (2), ε is represented as
Figure GDA0003936721710000022
Wherein: 2Q ir Indicating the distance between adjacent modulation points, and the final demodulation signal at the receiving end is represented as
Figure GDA0003936721710000023
Represents the signal that has undergone the successive interference cancellation,
Figure GDA0003936721710000024
and (2) representing a final recovery signal, considering two user conditions, wherein the user information with higher power is directly demodulated, the user information with lower power is obtained after serial interference cancellation, and based on the receiving signal and the sending signal form represented in the formula (1) and the formula (2), the residual signal after serial interference cancellation is represented as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000025
wherein, the formula (a) represents successful demodulation of high-power user, and the formula (b) represents error demodulation of user with larger power by serial interference elimination technique, so that the participated signal x exists 1 Interference is brought to subsequent signal demodulation, a theoretical expression of the bit error rate of a low-power user, namely a post-demodulation user, is taken into consideration and is expressed as the sum of two parts, namely residual information interference of other users caused by unsuccessful SIC and demodulation error codes caused by self demodulation errors, wherein the two parts are expressed as follows:
Figure GDA0003936721710000031
Figure GDA0003936721710000032
for the second demodulated user, the total error rate is expressed in the form of the sum of the above equations (4) and (5), while for the first demodulated user, the error rate is directly expressed as the probability of successful demodulation under the interference of the second demodulated user,
under the Nakagami-m channel, combining with the channel fading characteristics, the bit error rate is expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000033
probability density function of Nakagami-m channel:
Figure GDA0003936721710000034
and obtaining the final error rate result according to the intalox function, when nakagami-m fading m is an integer,
Figure GDA0003936721710000035
and when m is a non-integer, gives:
Figure GDA0003936721710000036
the variables in the above formulas (8), (9) are expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000037
Figure GDA0003936721710000038
the upper type
Figure GDA0003936721710000039
Figure GDA00039367217100000310
Indicates when the channel h is 2 Obeying a distribution parameter of the Nakagami-m distribution, which is a parameter intrinsic to the Nakagami-m distribution,the channel h 2 Is a fading channel from the sending end to user 2;
grouping users according to the channel state in the first step, determining far and near users, and determining according to the channel state of the users;
when m is an integer, the bit error rate is assigned to the power distribution factor alpha 2 The first derivative of (d) is expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000041
when m is non-integer, the bit error rate is distributed to the power distribution factor alpha 2 The first derivative of (d) is expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000042
the invention is different from the traditional non-orthogonal multiple access technology, can realize the improvement of the network error rate performance, and effectively reduces the phenomenon of error transmission caused by the error of the prior demodulation.
The bit error rate optimization scheme provided by the invention can greatly reduce the calculated amount in the optimization process, and the method has the advantages of wide application scene, simple calculation and great development potential.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the simulation of the single-user bit error rate performance varying with the power allocation factor according to the method of the present invention; in the figure: the abscissa is the power allocation factor variation value, and the ordinate is the user error rate performance.
FIG. 2 is a simulation diagram of the performance of the proposed method on the overall bit error rate according to the variation of the power allocation factor; in the figure: the abscissa is the power allocation factor variation value, and the ordinate is the user overall bit error rate performance.
Detailed Description
The first concrete implementation mode, a method for suppressing the error rate and improving the performance of the non-orthogonal access technology under the Nakagami-m channel, includes the following steps:
grouping users, determining far and near users, determining a data modulation order and giving an initial power distribution factor;
secondly, determining multi-user superposition information according to the modulation order and the distance of the user;
step three, optimizing a multi-user power distribution factor according to the error rate tolerance of the user and the network and a theoretical derivation result;
first, considering the downlink NOMA communication technique, the received signal of the downlink user k is represented as:
y k ＝h k s+n k ,(1)
wherein h is k Denotes the kth th Channel state information, dimensionless, n, of a user k Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) representing the channel, with a mean of 0 and a variance of N 0 The signal s in equation (1) above can be further expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000051
wherein: alpha is alpha 1 And alpha 2 Representing the power allocation factor to far and near users, dimensionless, requiring the constraint alpha to be satisfied 1 +α 2 =1 and alpha 1 ＞α 2 In order to ensure the fairness of users, users with longer distance are distributed with larger acquired power; in the formula (2), ε is represented as
Figure GDA0003936721710000052
Wherein: 2Q ir Indicating the distance between adjacent modulation points, and the final demodulation signal at the receiving end is represented as
Figure GDA0003936721710000053
Figure GDA0003936721710000054
Represents the signal that has undergone the successive interference cancellation,
Figure GDA0003936721710000055
and (3) representing a final recovery signal, considering two user conditions, wherein user information with higher power is directly demodulated, user information with lower power is obtained after the successive interference cancellation, and based on the receiving signal and the sending signal form represented in the formula (1) and the formula (2), residual signals after the successive interference cancellation are represented as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000056
wherein, the formula (a) represents the successful demodulation of the high-power user, and the formula (b) represents the demodulation error of the user with larger power after the serial interference elimination technology, so the participated signal x exists 1 And interference is brought to subsequent signal demodulation, a theoretical expression of the error rate of a low-power user, namely a post-demodulation user, is taken into consideration and is expressed as the sum of two parts, namely residual information interference of other users caused by unsuccessful SIC and demodulation error codes caused by self demodulation errors, wherein the two parts are expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000057
Figure GDA0003936721710000058
for the second demodulated user, the total error rate is expressed in the form of the sum of the above equations (4) and (5), while for the first demodulated user, the error rate is directly expressed as the probability of successful demodulation under the interference of the second demodulated user,
under the Nakagami-m channel, combining with the channel fading characteristics, the bit error rate is expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000059
probability density function of Nakagami-m channel:
Figure GDA00039367217100000510
and obtaining the final error rate result according to the intalox function, when nakagami-m fading m is an integer,
Figure GDA0003936721710000061
and when m is a non-integer, gives:
Figure GDA0003936721710000062
the variables in the above formulas (8), (9) are represented as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000063
Figure GDA0003936721710000064
upper type
Figure GDA0003936721710000065
Figure GDA0003936721710000066
Indicates when the channel h is 2 Distribution parameters when obeying the Nakagami-m distribution, which are intrinsic parameters of the Nakagami-m distribution, the channel h 2 Is a fading channel from the sending end to user 2;
grouping users according to the channel state in the first step, determining far and near users, and determining according to the channel state of the users;
when m is an integer, the bit error rate is assigned to the power distribution factor alpha 2 The first derivative of (d) is expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000067
when m is non-integer, the bit error rate is distributed to the power distribution factor alpha 2 The first derivative of (d) is expressed as:
Figure GDA0003936721710000068
the invention has the following prominent essential characteristics and remarkable progress:
1. the invention is different from the traditional non-orthogonal multiple access technology, can realize the improvement of the network error rate performance and effectively reduce the phenomenon of error transmission caused by the error of the prior demodulation.
2. The invention provides a bit error rate optimization scheme convenient to operate, which can obtain an optimal power distribution scheme only by calculating a first derivative value according to a given formula so as to meet the optimization requirement of the network bit error rate, and meanwhile, aiming at the bit error rate requirement of a single user, the invention introduces two concepts of network optimization tolerance and single user bit error rate tolerance, so that the single user bit error rate requirement is met to the maximum extent within the range of meeting the network bit error rate tolerance.
3. The bit error rate optimization scheme provided by the invention can greatly reduce the calculated amount in the optimization process, meanwhile, a power distribution factor pair meeting the conditions can be found after several iterations, the reliability requirements of different users and the overall reliability requirement of the system have great difference in different scenes, and only the corresponding tolerance is required to be adjusted according to the requirements without reanalysis of the problem, so that the bit error rate optimization scheme has the advantages of wide applicable scenes, simple calculation and great development potential.

Claims (1)

  1. A method for suppressing the error rate and improving the performance of a non-orthogonal access technology under a Nakagami-m channel is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
    grouping users, determining far and near users, determining a data modulation order and giving an initial power distribution factor;
    secondly, determining multi-user superposition information according to the modulation order and the distance of the user;
    step three, optimizing a multi-user power distribution factor according to the error rate tolerance of users and a network and a theoretical derivation result;
    first, considering the downlink NOMA communication technique, the received signal of the downlink user k is represented as:
    y k ＝h k s+n k ,(1)
    wherein h is k Denotes the kth th Channel state information, dimensionless, n, of a user k Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) representing the channel, with a mean of 0 and a variance of N 0 The signal s in the above equation (1) can be further expressed according to the proposed coding and superposition method as:
    Figure FDA0003909331560000011
    wherein: alpha is alpha 1 And alpha 2 Representing the power allocation factor to far and near users, dimensionless, requiring the constraint alpha to be satisfied 1 +α 2 =1 and α 1 >α 2 In order to ensure the fairness of users, users with longer distance are distributed with larger acquired power; in the formula (2), ε is represented by
    Figure FDA0003909331560000012
    Wherein: 2Q ir Indicating the distance between adjacent modulation points, and the final demodulation signal at the receiving end is represented as
    Figure FDA0003909331560000013
    Figure FDA0003909331560000014
    Represents the signal that has undergone the successive interference cancellation,
    Figure FDA0003909331560000015
    which represents the final recovered signal or signals and,
    two user conditions are considered, wherein the user information with higher power is directly demodulated, the user information with lower power is obtained after the serial interference cancellation, and based on the receiving signal and the sending signal form represented in the formula (1) and the formula (2), the residual signal after the serial interference cancellation is represented as:
    Figure FDA0003909331560000016
    wherein, the formula (a) represents successful demodulation of high-power user, and the formula (b) represents error demodulation of user with larger power by serial interference elimination technique, so that the participated signal x exists 1 Which will cause interference with the subsequent signal demodulation,
    considering the low power user, i.e. the post-demodulation user, the theoretical expression of the error rate is expressed as the sum of two parts, namely, the residual information interference of other users due to unsuccessful SIC, and the demodulation error code caused by self-demodulation error, wherein the two parts are expressed as:
    Figure FDA0003909331560000021
    Figure FDA0003909331560000022
    for the second demodulated user, the total error rate is expressed in the form of the sum of the above equations (4) and (5), while for the first demodulated user, the error rate is directly expressed as the probability of successful demodulation under the interference of the second demodulated user,
    under the Nakagami-m channel, combining with the channel fading characteristics, the bit error rate is expressed as:
    Figure FDA0003909331560000023
    probability density function of Nakagami-m channel:
    Figure FDA0003909331560000024
    and obtaining the final error rate result according to the intalox function, when nakagami-m fading m is an integer,
    Figure FDA0003909331560000025
    and when m is a non-integer, gives:
    Figure FDA0003909331560000026
    the variables in the above formulas (8), (9) are expressed as:
    Figure FDA0003909331560000027
    Figure FDA0003909331560000028
    the upper type
    Figure FDA0003909331560000029
    Figure FDA00039093315600000210
    Indicates when the channel h is 2 Distribution parameter when subject to Nakagami-m distribution, the parameter being Nakagami-mDistribution intrinsic parameters, said channel h 2 Is a fading channel from the sending end to user 2;
    grouping users according to the channel state in the first step, determining far and near users, and determining according to the channel state of the users;
    when m is an integer, the bit error rate is assigned to the power distribution factor alpha 2 The first derivative of (d) is expressed as:
    Figure FDA0003909331560000031
    when m is a non-integer, the bit error rate versus power allocation factor α 2 The first derivative of (d) is expressed as:
    Figure FDA0003909331560000032
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