CN111393402A - Br*nsted酸/季铵盐复合催化CO2与环氧化物环加成制备环状碳酸酯的方法 - Google Patents
Br*nsted酸/季铵盐复合催化CO2与环氧化物环加成制备环状碳酸酯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111393402A CN111393402A CN202010217715.8A CN202010217715A CN111393402A CN 111393402 A CN111393402 A CN 111393402A CN 202010217715 A CN202010217715 A CN 202010217715A CN 111393402 A CN111393402 A CN 111393402A
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- ammonium salt
- cyclic carbonate
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Natural products O=C1CCCC=C1 FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 38
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 salt compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LFEAJBLOEPTINE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClCC1COC(=O)O1 LFEAJBLOEPTINE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAPMHCGNDQJNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CCOCC1COC(=O)O1 KAPMHCGNDQJNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAADOANVVKEPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclohexyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)OCC1C1CCCCC1 BAADOANVVKEPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZVAKZVDJIUFFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorooxolane Chemical compound ClC1CCCO1 ZVAKZVDJIUFFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007867 post-reaction treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCZDHTKJGDCTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC MCZDHTKJGDCTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/34—Oxygen atoms
- C07D317/36—Alkylene carbonates; Substituted alkylene carbonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/34—Oxygen atoms
- C07D317/36—Alkylene carbonates; Substituted alkylene carbonates
- C07D317/38—Ethylene carbonate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/34—Other additions, e.g. Monsanto-type carbonylations, addition to 1,2-C=X or 1,2-C-X triplebonds, additions to 1,4-C=C-C=X or 1,4-C=-C-X triple bonds with X, e.g. O, S, NH/N
- B01J2231/341—1,2-additions, e.g. aldol or Knoevenagel condensations
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域
背景技术
环状碳酸酯是一种重要的化工原料,它在纺织印染、塑料合成、电化学、二氧化碳和硫化氢脱附、药物和精细化工中间体的合成等领域有广泛的应用;同时作为中间产物还能开发出品种繁多的下游产品,如由碳酸乙烯酯通过甲醇酯交换制备碳酸二甲酯已被高吨位工业生产。此外,CO2与环氧化物环加成反应对减少碳排放缓解生态环境危机具有重要意义。近几十年来,该反应的研究尤其是新型催化剂的开发吸引了越来越多研究者的注意力。
截止目前很多催化体系包括有机碱、离子液体、离子盐、过渡金属有机配合物、金属有机框架材料等(Energy Environ.Sci.,2014,7,130;Catal.Sci.Technol.,2014,4,1513;Coord.Chem.Rev.,1999,181,27;Mater.Horiz.,2017,4,345),也有大量的专利被报道,例如:日本专利JP 31-981公开了使用路易斯酸和有机碱的组合在100~400℃和2~29MPa条件下,获得了90%环状碳酸酯的收率;中国专利CN 1432557A公开了一种使用溴化四乙铵为催化剂的碳酸乙烯酯合成方法,在>130℃和>3MPa的条件下获得了95%的收率;中国专利CN 100410247C公开了使用壳聚糖负载的氯化锌和离子液体复合催化合成环状碳酸酯的方法,在100℃和恒定CO2压力的条件下获得了超过99%的收率;中国专利CN101037431A公开了一种使用离子液体、金属盐和季铵盐复合催化剂来催化合成环状碳酸酯,在100℃和恒定1.5MPa的CO2压力条件下获得了超过99%的收率。但是这些催化剂都或多或少的存在催化效率低、制备成本高、反应条件苛刻、反应后处理过程复杂等难题。因此开发一种价格低廉、催化效率高、催化条件温和、快速高效、高选择性制备环状碳酸酯、易与产物分离的绿色环保催化剂显得十分重要。
发明内容
上述的环氧化物为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、环氧丁烷、氧化苯乙烯、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、环氧环己烷中任意一种。
上述的酸为甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸、丁酸、异丁酸、甲基丙烯酸、戊酸、新戊酸、己酸、苯甲酸、油酸、丁二酸、均苯三甲酸、磷酸、氢溴酸中任意一种,优选乙酸、丙酸、甲酸、丙烯酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、丁二酸、均苯三甲酸中任意一种。
上述的季铵盐为四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵中任意一种。
上述方法中,进一步优选向高压反应釜内通入CO2气体至压力为0.4~0.6MPa,将高压反应釜加热至80℃,恒温搅拌反应3小时。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明反应体系简单,无需加入任何溶剂和金属盐类化合物;反应条件温和,可在<100℃(60~80℃)和<1MPa条件下触发反应;所用酸/季铵盐催化剂价格低廉、高效、环保、易于操作,且催化效率高,产物收率和选择性高,在0.5~3小时内实现100%选择性及部分产物99%的收率;反应后产物易分离,当所用酸为有机羧酸时,反应完成后冷却至室温有白色季铵羧酸盐沉淀,而残留在产物中的HBr或HCl采用在环状碳酸酯中不溶的碱性物质即可去除,当所用酸为无机酸时,直接减压蒸馏即可分离纯化;可高效利用CO2气体,对减少碳排放缓解生态环境危机具有重要意义,同时有望实现CO2与环氧化物环加成制备环状碳酸酯反应工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于这些实施例。
下面实施例中,产物收率和选择性通过核磁共振(NMR)分析,当所用环氧化物为低沸点的环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷时,反应完成后需要冷却至0℃以下取样分析;同时将产物与催化剂分离纯化;当所用酸为有机羧酸时,反应完成后冷却至室温有白色季铵羧酸盐沉淀,而残留在产物中的HBr或HCl用在环状碳酸酯中不溶的碱性物质如碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠等去除;当所用酸为无机酸时,直接减压蒸馏分离纯化。
实施例1
向90mL高压反应釜中依次加入68.9μL(1.26mmol)乙酸、0.405g(1.26mmol)四丁基溴化铵、1.1mL(15.7mmol)环氧丙烷,并迅速封闭反应釜,然后向反应釜内充入CO2气体至反应釜压力为0.4MPa;再将反应釜置于80℃的油浴中搅拌反应3小时,反应完后将反应釜放入冰水中冷却至室温,缓慢释放出CO2,然后先将沉淀的四丁基乙酸铵过滤,再往滤液中加入碳酸氢钠搅拌均匀滤出后所得滤液即为目标产物碳酸丙烯酯的纯品,,收率为97.3%,选择性为100%。
实施例2
本实施例中,充入CO2气体至反应釜压力为0.5MPa,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率>99%,选择性为100%。
实施例3
本实施例中,用等摩尔丙酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,充入CO2气体至反应釜压力为0.5MPa,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率>99%,选择性为100%。
实施例4
本实施例中,用等摩尔甲酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为98%,选择性为100%。
实施例5
本实施例中,用等摩尔丙酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为95%,选择性为100%。
实施例6
本实施例中,用等摩尔丙烯酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为96.9%,选择性为100%。
实施例7
本实施例中,用等摩尔丁酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为99%,选择性为100%。
实施例8
本实施例中,用等摩尔异丁酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率>99%,选择性为100%。
实施例9
本实施例中,用等摩尔甲基丙烯酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为84.7%,选择性为100%。
实施例10
本实施例中,用等摩尔戊酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为97.1%,选择性为100%。
实施例11
本实施例中,用等摩尔新戊酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为84.7%,选择性为100%。
实施例12
本实施例中,用等摩尔己酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为93.5%,选择性为100%。
实施例13
本实施例中,用等摩尔苯甲酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为88.5%,选择性为100%。
实施例14
本实施例中,用等摩尔油酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为82.6%,选择性为100%。
实施例15
本实施例中,用等摩尔丁二酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为95.2%,选择性为100%。
实施例16
本实施例中,用等摩尔均苯三甲酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为95%,选择性为100%。
实施例17
本实施例中,用等摩尔磷酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,反应完后将混合物经减压蒸馏分离纯化,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为80.6%,选择性为100%。
实施例18
本实施例中,用等摩尔氢溴酸替换实施例1中的乙酸,反应完后将混合物经减压蒸馏分离纯化,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为81.3%,选择性为100%。
实施例19本实施例中,用等摩尔四丁基氯化铵替换实施例1中的四丁基溴化铵,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为98%,选择性为100%。
实施例20
本实施例中,用等摩尔四乙基氯化铵替换实施例1中的四丁基溴化铵,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为95%,选择性为100%。
实施例21
本实施例中,用等摩尔四乙基溴化铵替换实施例1中的四丁基溴化铵,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率为96%,选择性为100%。
实施例22
本实施例中,用等摩尔环氧乙烷替换实施例1中的环氧丙烷,充入CO2气体至反应釜压力为0.5MPa,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸乙烯酯,收率>99%,选择性为100%。
实施例23
本实施例中,用等摩尔丙酸替换实施例22中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例22相同,获得目标产物碳酸乙烯酯,收率>99%,选择性为100%。
实施例24
本实施例中,用等摩尔环氧氯丙烷替换实施例22中的环氧乙烷,其他步骤与实施例22相同,获得目标产物4-氯甲基-[1,3]二氧环戊-2-酮,收率为98%,选择性为100%。
实施例25
本实施例中,用等摩尔丙酸替换实施例24中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例24相同,获得目标产物4-氯甲基-[1,3]二氧环戊-2-酮,收率为97.1%,选择性为100%。
实施例26
本实施例中,用等摩尔环氧氯丁烷替换实施例22中的环氧乙烷,其他步骤与实施例22相同,获得目标产物碳酸丁烯酯,收率为99%,选择性为100%。
实施例27
本实施例中,用等摩尔丙酸替换实施例26中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例26相同,获得目标产物碳酸丁烯酯,收率为99%,选择性为100%。
实施例28
本实施例中,用等摩尔烯丙基缩水甘油醚替换实施例22中的环氧乙烷,其他步骤与实施例22相同,获得目标产物4-[(2-丙烯基氧基)甲基]-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮,收率为94.3%,选择性为100%。
实施例29
本实施例中,用等摩尔丙酸替换实施例28中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例28相同,获得目标产物4-[(2-丙烯基氧基)甲基]-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮,收率为88.5%,选择性为100%。
实施例30
本实施例中,用等摩尔氧化苯乙烯替换实施例22中的环氧乙烷,其他步骤与实施例22相同,获得目标产物4-苯-[1,3]二氧环戊-2-酮,收率为83.3%,选择性为100%。
实施例31
本实施例中,用等摩尔丙酸替换实施例30中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例30相同,获得目标产物4-苯-[1,3]二氧环戊-2-酮,收率为83.3%,选择性为100%。
实施例32
本实施例中,用等摩尔环氧环己烷替换实施例22中的环氧乙烷,其他步骤与实施例22相同,获得目标产物环己基[1,3]二氧环戊-2-酮,收率为72%,选择性为100%。
实施例33
本实施例中,用等摩尔丙酸替换实施例32中的乙酸,其他步骤与实施例32相同,获得目标产物环己基[1,3]二氧环戊-2-酮,收率为65%,选择性为100%。
实施例34
本实施例中,乙酸的用量为8.6μL(0.157mmol),四丁基溴化铵的用量为0.051g(0.157mmol),充入CO2气体至反应釜压力为0.8MPa,反应时间为5小时,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率91%,选择性为100%。
实施例35
本实施例中,乙酸的用量为8.6μL(0.157mmol),四丁基溴化铵的用量为0.051g(0.157mmol),充入CO2气体至反应釜压力为0.5MPa,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为5小时,其他步骤与实施例1相同,获得目标产物碳酸丙烯酯,收率96.4%,选择性为100%。
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