CN111382504B - Method for identifying subsidence state of mining overburden of coal seam - Google Patents
Method for identifying subsidence state of mining overburden of coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for identifying the subsidence state of mining overburden of a coal seam, which is characterized in that a sensing optical fiber is vertically arranged in the overburden of the coal seam in a drilling mode, the strain distribution of the overburden caused by mining of the coal seam along with time is measured, the height of a water-guiding fracture zone is determined based on the shearing stress and strain value born by the sensing optical fiber, and the development heights of a collapse zone and a fracture zone are comprehensively distinguished by combining 'building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar reservation and coal-pressing mining norms'. And constructing a zonal settlement calculation model of the overburden for coal mining, calculating settlement of a subsidence zone, a fracture zone, a bending subsidence zone and a rock-soil body above the subsidence zone in the overburden for mining, and accumulating the settlement of each zone to obtain the surface settlement caused by coal mining. The method has the advantages of distributed monitoring, simple and convenient flow, high identification precision and the like, is suitable for grasping the deformation evolution rule of the mining overburden of the coal seam along with time and judging the settlement stability, and has wide practicability in the technical field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for identifying the sedimentation state of overlying strata caused by coal mining, in particular to a method for identifying the sedimentation state of overlying strata based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology.
Background
The coal seam exploitation causes the upper rock-soil body to deform, destroy and move to the goaf, and a collapse zone, a fracture zone and a bending sinking zone are gradually formed in the overlying rock. Factors such as the trend, the tendency, the burial depth and the like of the coal bed and the working face influence the deformation range and the damage degree of the overlying strata. Therefore, the method determines the time-varying value of the overburden settlement of coal mining, identifies the deformation and damage state of the overburden, and has important significance for the control of the overburden rock stratum of coal mining and the development and management of the goaf.
The existing method for monitoring the subsidence of the overburden in coal mining mainly utilizes the advantages of high spatial positioning, high deformation sensitivity and high spatial resolution of a total station, a GPS technology, an SAR technology and an InSAR technology to monitor the surface continuous subsidence of a coal mining area of a coal mine so as to obtain the subsidence distribution of the overburden in coal mining, but the method mainly measures the subsidence of the ground in the coal mining area and is difficult to master the internal deformation condition of the overburden. In the aspect of calculation and research of the sedimentation of the overlying strata in coal mining by adopting a time domain reflectometer TDR technology and an underground radon concentration detection technology, a certain error exists in the accuracy of measurement precision. The buried depth of the coal seam of the coal mine is generally hundreds of meters, even more than thousands of meters, and the measuring method based on the point sensors such as the displacement meter, the reinforcing steel bar stress meter and the like is easy to cause the problems of missed detection, low precision, easiness in electromagnetic interference and the like due to the limited number of the buried sensors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the overburden subsidence calculation caused by the existing coal seam exploitation, and provides a mining overburden subsidence calculation method which is simple and convenient in overburden zonal calculation and calculation model and capable of monitoring in real time based on overburden strain distribution of a distributed optical fiber sensing technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for identifying the subsidence state of mining overburden of a coal seam comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the sensing optical fiber is vertically arranged in the overlying strata above the coal seam of the coal mine and is connected with the distributed optical fiber testing instrument, so that the strain distribution along the monitoring section in the overlying strata settlement process is obtained;
Step 2: according to the strain distribution of the monitoring section of the overburden, calculating the strain gradient of the overburden strain along with the depth of the section, and obtaining the shearing stress of the sensing optical fiber caused by coal mining;
Step 3: judging the height of a water guide fracture zone of the overburden rock of coal seam mining according to the shear stress and overburden rock strain distribution of the sensing optical fiber, and comprehensively judging the development height of the collapse zone according to the calculation of an empirical formula;
Step 4: respectively constructing a subsidence calculation model of a rock-soil body of the collapse zone, the fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone;
step 5: substituting the mining overburden strain value into a corresponding sedimentation calculation model according to the positions of the zones of the overburden to obtain a time-varying curve of the subsidence quantity of the overburden in coal mining, and judging the sedimentation stability condition.
Further, in the step 2, according to the strain distribution of the mining overburden rock of the coal seam, calculating the strain gradient and the shear stress born by the sensing optical fiber;
the calculation formula of the shear stress applied to the sensing optical fiber is as follows
In the middle ofCalculating the strain gradient of the sensing optical fiber from the earth surface along the vertical direction of the coal seam;
e is the elastic modulus of the sensing optical fiber;
d is the diameter of the sensing fiber.
Further, in the step 3, the shear stress sign is determined as the height of the water guiding fracture zone in the overburden from the position corresponding to the highest point of positive rotation and negative rotation; the empirical formula is a caving zone height calculation formula of the thick coal seam layer mining of the attached table 4-1 in the building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar reserving and coal mining standard.
Further, in the step 4, respectively constructing a settlement calculation model of the rock-soil body of the collapse zone, the crack zone and the bending subsidence zone;
(1) The sedimentation calculation model of the caving zone rock mass is that
Wherein W b(h1) is the sedimentation of rock mass when the height of the collapse zone is h 1; n is the number of optical fiber monitoring points in the height h 1 of the collapse zone; lambda is the sampling interval of the distributed optical fiber testing instrument; epsilon m is the measure of the strain of the collapse zone measured by the sensing fiber; d is a rock damage factor; Contact parameters for rock mass; k 0 is the initial coefficient of crushing expansion;
(2) The settlement calculation model of the fracture zone rock mass is as follows
Wherein W d(h2) is the settlement of the rock mass when the fracture zone height is h 2; m is the number of optical fiber monitoring points in the fracture zone with the height of h 2; σ i is the stress intensity; epsilon i is the plastic strain strength; e is the elastic modulus of the rock;
(3) The settlement calculation model of the rock and soil body above the bending settlement zone is as follows
Wherein W c(h3) is a bending subsidence belt and the upper height is h 3 Shi Yan; and p is the number of optical fiber monitoring points in the bending sinkage band and the upper height h 3.
Further, in step 5, the dependent variable of each sub-zone is substituted into a corresponding calculation model to obtain the settlement of each sub-zone of the overburden rock, or the settlement of each sub-zone is accumulated to obtain the settlement of the ground. And taking the time-dependent rate of change of the settlement of the rock and soil body in the mining overburden rock as a stability evaluation standard, and judging the time-dependent evolution rule and the stability of the settlement of any section of the rock and soil body in the upper part caused by coal mining.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention installs the sensing optical fiber in the coal seam mining overburden by arranging the vertical drilling, monitors the strain distribution of the overburden along with time in the coal seam mining process, calculates the strain gradient and the shearing stress of the sensing optical fiber, and combines the strain value of the overburden and the judgment of the building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar reservation and pressure coal mining standard to obtain the development characteristics of the collapse zone, the fracture zone and the bending sinking zone in the overburden. And obtaining subsidence of the subsidence zone, the fracture zone, the bending subsidence zone and the upper rock and soil body by constructing a subsidence calculation model of each zonal subsidence of the overlying rock, and stably evaluating the subsidence of the overlying rock by combining the time-varying rate of the subsidence of each zonal subsidence of the overlying rock in the coal mining goaf and the time-varying rate of the subsidence of the earth surface subsidence of the coal mining area. The method has the advantages of distributed monitoring, simple and convenient flow, high identification precision and the like, is suitable for grasping the evolution rule of coal seam mining process and coal mine goaf overlying strata sedimentation along with time and judging sedimentation stability, and has wide practicability in the technical field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is a cover rock strain distribution diagram in the coal seam mining process, and fig. 2 (b) is a water guiding fracture zone height determination based on shear stress, and a caving zone height is determined by combining a 'standard' method.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of calculation of the mining overburden settlement of the coal seam.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The invention provides a coal seam mining process and a coal mine goaf overlying strata sedimentation calculation method, which comprise a mining overlying strata collapse zone, a fracture zone and a dividing method of a bending subsidence zone, a mining overlying strata partition sedimentation calculation model and a sedimentation evolution characteristic identification method.
1. The method for dividing the mining overburden rock caving zone, the fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone comprises the following steps:
And 1.1, vertically arranging the sensing optical fibers in the overburden layer of the coal bed to obtain strain distribution along a monitoring section in the deformation process of the overburden layer of the coal bed exploitation.
(1) After drilling and excavating the overburden monitoring points of coal seam exploitation, vertically installing the sensing optical fiber to the overburden monitoring depth of the roof of the coal seam on the ground, and then filling by configuring concrete slurry close to the surrounding rock strength.
(2) And connecting the sensing optical fiber reserved on the ground with distributed optical fiber demodulation equipment, and monitoring the strain value of the mining overburden of the coal seam along with time.
And 1.2, calculating the strain gradient of the sensing optical fiber in the process of mining the overburden rock deformation according to the strain distribution of the overburden rock monitoring section, and obtaining the shear stress of the sensing optical fiber. The calculation formula of the shear stress applied to the sensing optical fiber is as follows
Wherein E is the elastic modulus of the sensing optical fiber; d is the diameter of the sensing optical fiber; the strain gradient of the optical fiber is sensed from the earth surface along the vertical direction of the coal seam.
(1) When a separation layer occurs between rock layers, the shear stress born by the upper and lower interface sensing optical fibers of the separation layer is opposite; when compression occurs between the formations, the compressive plane upper and lower interface shear stresses are dorsad.
(2) And determining the highest position corresponding to the positive-negative change point of the shear stress direction from bottom to top according to the shear stress distribution diagram of the sensing optical fiber, and marking the highest position as the height of the water-guiding fracture zone when the rock stratum deformation at the highest position is in a destroyed or critical destroyed state. And determining the height of the overburden caving zone according to a caving zone height calculation formula of the thick coal seam layer mining of the attached table 4-1 in the building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar reserving and pressure coal mining standard.
In the prior art, the height of the water guiding crack zone is determined according to a water guiding crack zone height calculation formula of the layer mining of the thick coal seam attached to the table 4-2 in the 'building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar reserving and coal mining standard'. In practical application, the empirical formula of the height of the water guide fracture zone recommended by the specification provides a certain magnitude range and is difficult to calculate the accurate height under the differences of geological conditions, overlying strata structure, mining process and the like of the coal mine. The following table is a comparison of the determination of the height of the water-guiding fracture zone of the large Liu Da coal mine, and it can be seen from the table that the calculation method provided by this embodiment is closer to the actual measurement value, and the calculation value of the "standard" empirical formula includes the actual measurement value and the calculation method provided by this embodiment.
Large Liu Da coal mine water guide fracture zone height determination comparison table
2. The mining overburden regional settlement calculation model comprises a settlement calculation model of a subsidence zone, a fracture zone, a bending subsidence zone and a rock-soil body above the fracture zone.
2.1, The settlement calculation model derivation process of the subsidence belt rock mass is that
According to an empirical formula of the stress-strain relationship of the collapse zone, the stress-strain relationship of the rock mass at the strain monitoring point is that
In the middle ofVertical strain for the collapse zone rock mass; e is the elastic modulus of the rock; epsilon m is the strain measured by the sensing fiber; epsilon max is the maximum strain of the rock mass in the axial direction and can be calculated from the initial coefficient of fracture expansion K 0 of the collapse zone.
The collapse zone rock mass exists in a broken state, and the compression deformation of the collapse zone rock mass mainly has two forms. One is compression deformation of the rock mass itself, and the other is spatial structure volume compression caused by arrangement distribution change between rocks. Based on this, the vertical strain of the caving belt rock mass is reducedThe relation between the strain epsilon m and the optical fiber monitoring is that
Wherein D is a rock damage factor; The contact parameters between the rock blocks are related to the included angle of the friction surface between the two blocks and the roughness; θ is the angle between the tangent line of the sliding friction surface between the rock blocks and the horizontal direction; μ is the coefficient of friction between the rock masses.
Vertical strain of caving belt rock massIncluding continuous deformation and discontinuous deformation of the caving belt rock mass.
The settlement of the subsidence zone rock mass can be obtained by accumulating the strain value at the monitoring point and the strain value received by the lower rock mass, namely, the settlement calculation model of any height in the subsidence zone rock mass is
Wherein W b(h1) is the sedimentation of rock mass when the height of the collapse zone is h 1; n is the number of optical fiber monitoring points in the height h 1 of the collapse zone; lambda is the sampling interval of the distributed optical fiber testing instrument.
2.2, The deduction process of the subsidence calculation model of the fracture zone rock mass is that
Assuming the damaged zone rock mass as a continuously deformed elastic body, then
In the middle ofVertical elastic strain of the rock mass is a monitoring point; To monitor the vertical plastic strain of the rock mass.
Assuming that the deformation of the rock mass in the damage area of the overburden rock in the coal seam exploitation accords with the full-scale theory, then
Obtaining the strain of the rock mass in the damaged area according to the elastic strain of the rock mass in the damaged area and the constitutive equation of the damaged rock massRelation with strain epsilon m at the monitoring point of the lesion, i.e
Wherein sigma i is stress intensity; epsilon i is the plastic strain strength; e is the elastic modulus of the rock.
The settlement calculation model of rock mass with any height in the fracture zone is as follows
Wherein W d(h2) is the settlement of the rock mass when the fracture zone height is h 2; m is the number of optical fiber monitoring points in the slit zone with the height of h 2.
2.3, The strain at the monitoring points of the bending subsidence zone and the upper rock and soil body is equal to the real strain, and the subsidence calculation model of the bending subsidence zone and the upper rock and soil body is as follows
Wherein W c(h3) is a bending subsidence belt and the upper height is h 3 Shi Yan; and p is the number of optical fiber monitoring points in the bending sinkage band and the upper height h 3.
3. The mining overburden settlement evolution characteristic identification method mainly comprises overburden layered settlement and ground total settlement.
And 3.1, calculating the settlement of the rock stratum in any section of the zone according to a calculation formula of zone settlement of the mining overburden rock of the coal bed, and accumulating the settlement of each zone to obtain the total ground settlement.
3.2 The rate of change of the sedimentation of the rock-soil mass in the overburden rock is used as a stability evaluation criterion as follows:
(1) When the sedimentation change rate of the rock-soil body in the mining overburden rock gradually decreases and tends to 0, the section is in a stable stage;
(2) When the sedimentation change rate of the rock-soil body in the mining overburden rock is kept unchanged, the section is in a uniform sedimentation stage;
(3) When the sedimentation change rate of the rock and soil mass in the mining overburden rock is gradually increased, the sedimentation stage is accelerated.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for identifying the subsidence state of the mining overburden of the coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the sensing optical fiber is vertically arranged in the overlying strata above the coal seam of the coal mine and is connected with the distributed optical fiber testing instrument, so that the strain distribution along the monitoring section in the overlying strata settlement process is obtained;
Step 2: according to the strain distribution of the monitoring section of the overburden, calculating the strain gradient of the overburden strain along with the depth of the section, and obtaining the shearing stress of the sensing optical fiber caused by coal mining;
Step 3: judging the height of a water guide fracture zone of the overburden rock of coal seam mining according to the shear stress and overburden rock strain distribution of the sensing optical fiber, and comprehensively judging the development height of the collapse zone according to the calculation of an empirical formula;
Step 4: respectively constructing a subsidence calculation model of a rock-soil body of the collapse zone, the fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone;
Step 5: substituting the mining overburden strain value into a corresponding sedimentation calculation model according to the positions of the zones of the overburden to obtain a time-varying curve of the sedimentation quantity of the overburden in coal mining, and judging the sedimentation stability condition;
in the step 2, according to the strain distribution of the mining overburden rock of the coal seam, calculating the strain gradient and the shear stress born by the sensing optical fiber;
the calculation formula of the shear stress applied to the sensing optical fiber is as follows
In the middle ofCalculating the strain gradient of the sensing optical fiber from the earth surface along the vertical direction of the coal seam;
e is the elastic modulus of the sensing optical fiber;
D is the diameter of the sensing optical fiber;
in the step 3, determining the shear stress sign as the height of a water guiding fracture zone in the overburden rock from the position corresponding to the highest point of positive rotation and negative rotation; the empirical formula is a caving zone height calculation formula of the layer mining of the thick coal seam of the attached table 4-1 in building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar reservation and pressure coal mining standards;
In the step 4, respectively constructing a settlement calculation model of the rock-soil body of the collapse zone, the fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone;
(1) The sedimentation calculation model of the caving zone rock mass is that
Wherein W b(h1) is the sedimentation of rock mass when the height of the collapse zone is h 1; n is the number of optical fiber monitoring points in the height h 1 of the collapse zone; lambda is the sampling interval of the distributed optical fiber testing instrument; epsilon m is the measure of the strain of the collapse zone measured by the sensing fiber; d is a rock damage factor; Contact parameters for rock mass; k 0 is the initial coefficient of crushing expansion;
(2) The settlement calculation model of the fracture zone rock mass is as follows
Wherein W d(h2) is the settlement of the rock mass when the fracture zone height is h 2; m is the number of optical fiber monitoring points in the fracture zone with the height of h 2; σ i is the stress intensity; epsilon i is the plastic strain strength; e is the elastic modulus of the rock;
(3) The settlement calculation model of the rock and soil body above the bending settlement zone is as follows
Wherein W c(h3) is a bending subsidence belt and the upper height is h 3 Shi Yan; and p is the number of optical fiber monitoring points in the bending sinkage band and the upper height h 3.
2. The method for identifying the subsidence state of the mining overburden of the coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the strain amount of each zone is substituted into a corresponding calculation model to obtain the subsidence amount of each zone of the overburden, or the subsidence amounts of each zone are accumulated to obtain the subsidence amount of the ground, and the change rate of the subsidence of the rock-soil mass in the mining overburden with time is used as a stability evaluation standard to judge the evolution rule and the stability condition of the subsidence amount of the rock-soil mass of any section in the upper part caused by the mining of the coal seam with time.
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| CN113944510B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-10-11 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Determination method for rock stratum movement conjugate inner and outer hyperbolic-like models |
| CN111854667B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-12-21 | 东华理工大学 | Overburden water guide fracture zone height prediction method based on geomechanics |
| CN112393689A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-23 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for monitoring damage dynamic height of overburden rock during underground coal seam mining |
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