CN111373902A - Method for preparing salt-tolerant zoysia japonica seed pellets - Google Patents
Method for preparing salt-tolerant zoysia japonica seed pellets Download PDFInfo
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- CN111373902A CN111373902A CN202010305148.1A CN202010305148A CN111373902A CN 111373902 A CN111373902 A CN 111373902A CN 202010305148 A CN202010305148 A CN 202010305148A CN 111373902 A CN111373902 A CN 111373902A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing salt-tolerant zoysia japonica seed pellets, which belongs to the technical field of pretreatment of seeds, and comprises the following steps of dressing healthy naked seeds with ascorbic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the naked seeds to the ascorbic acid is 1 g: (0.35-1.4) mg, ascorbic acid solution concentration is 2-8 mmol.L‑1(ii) a And rolling the zoysia japonica seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, alternately adding the adhesive and the powder, and uniformly stirring to uniformly coat the zoysia japonica seeds with the zoysia japonica seeds to obtain the salt-tolerant zoysia japonica pill-coated seeds. The invention adopts the ascorbic acid to mix the zoysia japonica seeds, which not only can effectively relieve the salt stress effect of the zoysia japonica seeds, but also can improve the vitality of the seeds, has a certain germination accelerating effect and achieves the purposes of promoting the germination, aligning and strengthening the seedlings of the seeds; and the volume and the weight of the zoysia japonica seeds processed by pelleting are increased, the specification is more uniform, and the mechanization and precision seeding are favorably realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pretreatment of seeds, and particularly relates to a method for preparing salt-tolerant zoysia japonica seed pellets.
Background
Zoysia (Zoysia) belongs to the subfamily of tiger-tail grasses (chloridideae) of the family Gramineae (Gramineae), and Zoysia japonica (Zoysia japonica) is high-quality warm-season turfgrass and has good stress resistance such as drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance and trampling resistance, so that the Zoysia japonica has great utilization value on garden afforestation and playground turfs and is mainly distributed in africa, asia and Australia coastal areas. The Liaodong peninsula and the Jiaozhou peninsula are areas with most natural zoysia grassland distribution in China, mainly coastal saline-alkali land, and researches show that the saline-alkali stress can reduce the seedling number and the coverage of the zoysia grassland and prolong the lawn forming time.
Salt stress, a major abiotic stress, affects most physiological metabolic processes such as germination of plant seeds, plant growth rate, photosynthesis of plants, and the like. The seed is very outstanding at germination phase and seedling growth phase receive the influence of salt coercion, and the imbibition of seed is sprouted by the seed matrix potential and is decided, and under the salt coercion condition, the external ion concentration of seed is high, and the water potential descends, can hinder plant seed to the absorption of external moisture, and when concentration had exceeded the threshold value that the plant can bear, the seed will be unable from absorbing moisture in the environment, and the seed germination can be inhibited or can not germinate even. Salt stress affects seed imbibition, and also can generate oxidative stress on seedlings, and salt stress can increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in plants, such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and the like, so that damage to a membrane system caused by damage to a membrane structure is the most main reason for causing cell damage. The main generation site of active oxygen under the stress of salt is on organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and the like, and researches show that the increase of ROS can damage protein, membrane lipid, nucleic acid and the like, thereby hindering the normal metabolic activity of plants and influencing the normal growth and development of the plants. In the studies of corn (Zea mays), rape (Brassica napus) and oat (Avena sativa), it was found that when the salt concentration reaches a certain threshold value, the germination vigor and germination rate of the seeds decrease, and the seedling length decreases, resulting in a decrease in seed vigor.
The seed coating technology is a high-tech seed processing technology which uniformly coats seed coating agents with special functions on the surface of seeds by a mechanical or manual method so as to promote the germination of the seeds and enhance the stress resistance of the seeds. The method can increase the additional value of the seeds, promote the commercialization of the seeds, the precision of sowing and the standardized management of the seed quality. In the early stage of the development of seed coating technology, the main purpose is to increase the volume of seeds for sowing. Since the 80 s of the 20 th century, research on seed treatment agents such as dry powder seed treatment agents, water slurry powder seed treatment agents, liquid solution seed treatment agents, suspension seed coating agents and the like has been rapidly developed, and the main purpose of the research is to sterilize and kill insects. At present, the seed coating technology is developed in developed countries and is widely applied to the fields of vegetables, flowers, cotton (Gossypium), wheat (Triticum aestivum), corn and the like. The coating technology research in China starts late, and the coating of the grass seeds is applied to the air seeding technology in the 80 th century, thereby achieving great effect. However, the coating of grass seeds has been relatively slow, and has been mainly focused on grass seeds having ecological, ornamental and feeding values, such as alfalfa, Shazuwang (Astragalusadsurgen), Trifolium repens (Trifoliumrepens) and other legumes, Poaceae Poa precocious (Poa), Festuca (Festuca), and Elymus (Elymus) and other grass seeds. Researches show that the vitality of seeds and the stress resistance of seedlings are improved by coating the seeds of the old awn (Elymussibirichus) with the decomposed sheep manure, and the germination rate of the seeds of the wild cattle in saline-alkali soil is improved by coating the seeds of the wild cattle (Buchloridactyloides) with the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash. With the development and application of exogenous active substances, more and more exogenous active substances are applied to seed treatment and seed coating technology to enhance the seed activity and the seedling stress resistance, such as plant hormones, osmosis regulating substances, signal molecules and the like. Researches show that the cotton seeds are pretreated by the betaine, so that the germination, the seedling growth and the yield of the cotton seeds have positive effects, the rice seeds can be promoted to germinate under the stress of salt, and the germination rate of the alfalfa seeds is improved; the chitosan is used for treating sunflower seeds, rice (Oryza sativa), rape, celery (Apiumgraveolens) and other seeds, so that the stress resistance of the seeds and the survival rate of seedlings under stress can be effectively improved.
At present, coating processes such as film coating, shell coating, pill coating and the like of factories at home and abroad are mature, but the coating treatment technology for promoting seed germination under different adversity conditions is always the key point of seed processing research and practice. Salt stress is a main abiotic stress, and under high salt stress, plants can be subjected to ion poisoning and secondary stress, so that the plants cannot normally grow and develop. Seed germination is a prerequisite for successful lawn establishment, and can directly influence the lawn forming time of the lawn. Therefore, on the basis of a plant salt stress influence mechanism, the invention adopts an antioxidant ascorbic acid (AsA) to carry out seed dressing treatment on seeds, so that the seeds have an antioxidant effect when subjected to oxidation stress of NaCl in the water absorption germination process of the seeds, and then the seeds are subjected to pelleting, so that the resistance of the seeds to salt stress can be improved, the success rate of lawn establishment under salt stress can be improved, and the utilization efficiency of a salinized land can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for preparing salt-tolerant zoysia japonica seed pellets, which comprises the following steps:
1) seed dressing is carried out on zoysia japonica seeds by using an ascorbic acid solution, wherein the mass ratio of the naked seeds to the ascorbic acid is 1 g: (0.35-1.4) mg, ascorbic acid solution concentration is 2-8 mmol.L-1；
2) Rolling the zoysia japonica seeds obtained in the step 1) in a coating machine at a constant speed, alternately adding the adhesive and the powder, and uniformly stirring to uniformly coat the zoysia japonica seeds with the zoysia japonica seeds to obtain the salt-tolerant zoysia japonica pill-coated seeds.
The seed dressing time is more than 60s, and the size of the seed coated by the pills is 0.7-1.2 mm.
The pill coating comprises the following components: powders and adhesives.
The mass ratio of the powder to the seeds is 1: 0.5-1.5; the volume-to-mass ratio (mL/g) of the adhesive to the seeds is 1: 0.2 to 1.25.
The powder comprises talcum powder and/or bentonite; the adhesive is hydroxymethyl cellulose solution.
The mass ratio of the bentonite to the talcum powder is 1: 0.8 to 2 percent, and the mass fraction of the hydroxymethyl cellulose solution is 1 to 2 percent.
Before the step 1), soaking the zoysia japonica seeds in a 10% -30% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 10-30 min.
After the step 2), drying the salt-tolerant zoysia japonica pelleted seeds for 0.5 to 1 hour at the temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃.
In the step 2), the adhesive and the powder are uniformly added for multiple times, the adding frequency of the adhesive is more than or equal to 20 times, and the adding frequency of the powder is more than or equal to 20 times.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the technology of the invention adopts a small amount of ascorbic acid for seed dressing, so that the oxidation resistance of the zoysia japonica can be fully utilized, and the NaCl stress resistance of the zoysia japonica seeds can be greatly improved;
2. the zoysia japonica seeds are dressed by using the ascorbic acid, so that the salt stress effect of the zoysia japonica seeds can be effectively relieved, the vitality of the seeds can be improved, a certain germination accelerating effect is achieved, and the purposes of promoting the germination, aligning and strengthening the seedlings of the seeds are achieved;
3. the processing method of the zoysia japonica seed pill coat is simple and convenient, and easy to operate and standardize the procedure; and the volume and the weight of the zoysia japonica seeds processed by pelleting are increased, the specification is more uniform, and the mechanization and precision seeding are favorably realized.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following specific examples:
example 1
1) Zoysia seed selection
Selecting zoysia japonica seeds with the cleanliness of more than 98% and the germination rate of more than 85%, soaking the zoysia japonica seeds for 30min by adopting 10% NaOH, naturally drying the zoysia japonica seeds, and releasing seed dormancy.
2) Ascorbic acid seed dressing
Weighing 5g of the zoysia japonica seeds naturally dried in the step 1) into a No. 3 self-sealing bag, and adding ascorbic acid (abbreviation: AsA) concentration of 2 mmol.L-1The ascorbic acid is treated by seed dressing, and the mass ratio of the zoysia japonica naked seeds to the ascorbic acid is controlled to be 1 g: 0.35mg, fully shaking for 60s to ensure that the effective components are coated on the surface of the seeds to form a coating layer, and fully playing the role of an antioxidant; pouring out and airing, after seed dressing, the moisture is quickly evaporated, and the coating is uniform and good.
3) Seed coating:
a nucleation period: pouring the seeds after being mixed into a coating machine, adjusting the rotating speed to 450-550 rpm to enable the seeds to roll along the clamping grooves at a uniform speed, ensuring that the seeds have a certain falling height when touching the baffle, fixing the atomizing disk in the clamping grooves, adding 0.2-0.5 mL of 1 wt% CMC aqueous solution into the atomizing disk, completing spraying within 1-1.5 min, and ensuring that the surfaces of the seeds are moist and the seeds are not stuck together (at the moment, when the seeds touch the baffle, the falling height is reduced).
Preparing powder: uniformly mixing 2.5g of bentonite and 2.5g of talcum powder, and dividing into 10 parts; adhesive agent: 2-3 ml of 1.5% CMC aqueous solution is divided into 10 parts.
Adding one part of the powder, stirring for 2min, rolling the seeds at a constant speed (touching a baffle plate and returning to the original falling height), and continuously adding one part of 1.5% CMC aqueous solution into the atomizing disk to ensure that the adhesive is completely sprayed within 2 min. Repeating the above operations, and alternately adding the powder and the binder until the formula powder and the binder are completely added.
Note that the adhesive and the powder are added alternately in the coating process, the adhesive is added firstly, and on the premise of ensuring that the seeds are not adhered together, a proper amount of powder is added when the surfaces of the seeds are wet, so that the powder is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the seeds.
Increasing the rounding period: after the powder is added in the first stage, the rotating speed of a coating machine is adjusted to 550rpm, and the seeds are rotated for 1-2 min;
preparing powder: 4g of bentonite and 6g of talcum powder are uniformly mixed and divided into 10 parts; preparing an adhesive: dividing the weight of the 4-5 ml of 1.5 wt% CMC aqueous solution into 10 parts;
and adding one part of powder, stirring for 0.5-1.5 min, rolling the seeds at a constant speed (returning to the original falling height by touching a baffle), continuously adding one part of 1.5 wt% CMC aqueous solution, and finishing adding for 0.5-1.5 min. Repeating the above operations, and alternately adding the binder and the powder until the formula powder and the binder are completely added. The powder and the adhesive are added alternately for about 20 times, and a small amount of the adhesive and the powder are added alternately for many times.
Film forming period: after the second stage, adjusting the rotating speed of the coating machine to 600rpm, and rotating the seeds for 2-3 min;
preparing powder: 2g of talcum powder, and the equal portion is 5 parts; preparing an adhesive: 1-2 ml of 1.5% CMC aqueous solution is divided into 5 parts; then, the adhesive and the powder are alternately added according to the formula and are alternately stirred for about 5 times, and 10s is kept at intervals.
After the formula powder is completely added, the zoysia japonica pellet seeds are taken out, screened by a 24-16 mesh screen, and the pellet seeds with the size of 0.7-1.2mm are reserved. Putting the zoysia japonica seed pellets into an oven to dry for 0.5h, wherein the drying temperature is 35 ℃, and drying for later use.
The naked seed is numbered CK 1.
The pelleted seeds prepared by the methods of example 1, step 1) and step 3), which were not treated with seed dressing, were numbered CK 2.
The zoysia seed pellets obtained after dressing seeds with 2mM AsA solution were numbered PZA 2.
Preparing NaCl solution with the mass fraction of 1 wt% as zoysia japonica salt stress concentration, performing germination test on the zoysia japonica pellet seed on paper, soaking filter paper for performing seed stress treatment during the germination test, performing the germination test according to the zoysia japonica seed germination standard of the grass seed test regulation (GB/T2930.10-2017), selecting 100 seeds, placing the seeds into 11.5 × 11.5.5 cm containing 3 layers of filter paper2In the petri dish, 4 replicates were set. The culture dish is placed in a light incubator (GXZ-380B-LED) to be cultured under the conditions of temperature change of 20/35 ℃, light for 8h and dark for 16 h. The first count was 10d and the last count was 28 d. And counting the germination condition of the seeds every 24h by taking the condition that the radicle breaks through the seed coat by 2mm as a standard, counting the number of normal seedlings, the number of abnormal seedlings, the number of fresh ungerminated seedlings and the number of dead seeds after the 28 th germination is finished, randomly taking 10 normal seedlings out of a culture dish, measuring the length of the seedlings and the length of the roots, and weighing the seedlings and the roots. The germination vigor, germination rate, seedling length, root length, seedling weight and average germination time were calculated, and the results are shown in table 1.
Calculated according to the following formula:
germination vigor (%) — the number of normal seedlings counted for the first time of germination/number of test seeds;
the germination rate (%) — the number of all normal seedlings/number of test seeds in the final germination period;
the average germination time is ∑ nt/∑ n, n is the number of newly germinated seeds at time t, and t is the germination time.
1) Pellet seed size measurement (pelleted seed diameter)
The diameter of the shot seeds is measured by a vernier caliper, and the average value is calculated to be 0.01 mm.
2) Cracking Rate (Splitting decomposition percentage)
Randomly taking 100 pellets of the pelleted seeds, placing the seeds on wet filter paper, counting the number of cracked pellets after 5min, calculating the percentage of the number of cracked pellets to the total number of pellets of the pelleted seeds to be tested, and setting 3 times of repetition.
3) Single seed rate (Single seed percent)
Randomly taking 100 coated seeds, counting the number of single seeds (only one naked seed in each seed), and calculating the percentage of the single seeds in the tested seeds, wherein the single seed rate is required to be more than or equal to 98.0%.
4) Thousand seed weight of pill seed (Thick seed weight)
Randomly taking 100 pills of seeds, weighing the pills, repeating the weighing for eight times, and calculating the average weight of 100 pills, wherein the weight of each thousand of seeds is 10 times of the average weight.
5) Multiple of pelletization (Multiple of pellet)
The pelleting times refer to the thousand seed weight of the pelleted seeds: thousand kernel weight of naked seeds.
Under the same treatment condition, compared with CK1 and CK2, the germination rates of the seed-dressing pill seeds prepared by the invention are respectively improved by 12 percent and 14 percent; the seedling length is respectively increased by 0.2cm and 0.1 cm; the root length is increased by 2.1cm and 0.2cm respectively; the weight of the seedlings is increased by 0.023g and 0.014g respectively.
The results show that, under the stress of NaCl salt solution, the seed-dressing treatment of the seed-dressed zoysia japonica seeds by AsA has a very small increase of the average germination time compared with naked seeds or seed-dressing-free seed-dressed seeds, but the germination rate of the seeds is obviously improved, which indicates that the salt stress resistance of the zoysia japonica seed-dressed seeds can be obviously improved by adopting the AsA seed dressing, and the parameters such as the seedling length, the heel length, the seedling weight and the like are obviously superior to those of the naked seeds or seed-dressing-free seed-dressed seeds, and further proves that the seed can play an antioxidant role when being subjected to the oxidation stress of NaCl in the water absorption germination process of the seeds by utilizing the AsA, and the growth of the root systems of the seeds and.
Example 2
Taking zoysia japonica in Qingdao as a material, dressing seeds with the AsA solution with the concentration of 1mM, 2mM, 4 mM and 8mM respectively set in the step 2) of the embodiment 1, and then pelleting, wherein the mass ratio of the naked zoysia japonica to the ascorbic acid is controlled to be 1 g: 0.7 mg. Evaluating the salt tolerance of the differently treated pellet seeds, and numbering the treatment numbers of the zoysia japonica seeds: PZA1, PZA2, PZA4, PZA 8.
Preparing NaCl solution with the mass fraction of 1 wt% and the concentration of 1.25 wt% as a zoysia salt stress concentration, performing a germination test on the zoysia pill coat seeds on paper, infiltrating filter paper for performing seed stress treatment during the germination test, performing the germination test according to the zoysia seed germination standard of a grass seed test rule (GB/T2930.10-2017), counting the germination condition of the seeds every 24 hours, taking the condition that an embryonic root breaks through 2mm of the seed coat as a standard, counting the number of normal seedlings, the number of abnormal seedlings, the number of fresh non-germinated seedlings and the number of dead seeds after the 28 th germination is finished, randomly taking 10 normal seedlings out of a culture dish, measuring the length of the seedlings and the length of the roots, and weighing the seedlings. The germination vigor, germination rate, seedling length, root length, seedling weight, and average germination time were calculated, and the results are shown in table 1.
The result shows that under the same conditions, under the stress of salt solutions with NaCl concentrations of 1.00 wt% and 1.25 wt%, the seeds subjected to AsA seed dressing treatment have a very small increase in average germination time compared with naked seeds or seeds not subjected to AsA seed dressing treatment, but the germination rate of the seeds is remarkably improved, which indicates that the salt stress resistance of the zoysia seed pill can be remarkably improved by adopting AsA seed dressing, and the parameters such as seedling length, heel length, seedling weight and the like are remarkably superior to those of the naked seeds or seeds not subjected to AsA seed dressing treatment, and further proves that the AsA seed is utilized to play an anti-oxidation role when the seeds are subjected to NaCl oxidation stress in the water absorption germination process, and the growth of the root systems of the seeds and seedlings is promoted.
As shown in Table 1, the seed dressing with AsA at a concentration of 2-8mM is adopted, and the mass ratio of the zoysia japonica bare seed to the ascorbic acid is controlled to be 1 g: 1.4mg, and the salt stress resistance (expressed by NaCl mass fraction) of the obtained pill seed is as follows: the salt stress resistance is more than 0 percent and less than or equal to 1.25 percent by weight.
TABLE 1 influence of salt solution stress on germination of zoysia japonica pellet seeds with different AsA contents
Note: different lower case letters represent significant differences between different AsA treatments (P <0.05) under the same NaCl concentration stress.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing salt-tolerant zoysia japonica seed pellets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed dressing is carried out on zoysia japonica seeds by using an ascorbic acid solution, wherein the mass ratio of the naked seeds to the ascorbic acid is 1 g: (0.35-1.4) mg, ascorbic acid solution concentration is 2-8 mmol.L-1；
2) Rolling the zoysia japonica seeds obtained in the step 1) in a coating machine at a constant speed, alternately adding the adhesive and the powder, and uniformly stirring to uniformly coat the zoysia japonica seeds with the zoysia japonica seeds to obtain the salt-tolerant zoysia japonica pill-coated seeds.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the seed dressing time is over 60s and the size of the pelleted seed is 0.7-1.2 mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pill coating composition comprises: powders and adhesives.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the powder to the seeds is 1: 0.5-1.5; the volume-to-mass ratio (mL/g) of the adhesive to the seeds is 1: 0.2 to 1.25.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the powder comprises talc and/or bentonite; the adhesive is hydroxymethyl cellulose solution.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the bentonite to the talcum powder is 1: 0.8 to 2 percent, and the mass fraction of the hydroxymethyl cellulose solution is 1 to 2 percent.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the step 1), the seeds of the grass of Japanese lawngrass are soaked in 10% -30% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 10-30 min.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the step 2), the salt-tolerant zoysia japonica pellet seed is dried at 30-35 ℃ for 0.5-1 h.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive and the powder in step 2) are added in a plurality of times, wherein the adhesive is added more than or equal to 20 times, and the powder is added more than or equal to 20 times.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114732016A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Preparation for promoting growth of creeping side buds of zoysia macrosperma in severe saline-alkali soil and using method thereof |
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| CN106856728A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-20 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of pelletized zoysia japonica seed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109005751A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-12-18 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of formula that salt tolerant alfalfa seed is pelletized and processing method |
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| CN106856728A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-20 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of pelletized zoysia japonica seed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109005751A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-12-18 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of formula that salt tolerant alfalfa seed is pelletized and processing method |
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| CN114732016A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Preparation for promoting growth of creeping side buds of zoysia macrosperma in severe saline-alkali soil and using method thereof |
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