CN111328661A - Device and method for planting shrubs in refuse dump of mining area - Google Patents
Device and method for planting shrubs in refuse dump of mining area Download PDFInfo
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- CN111328661A CN111328661A CN202010259633.XA CN202010259633A CN111328661A CN 111328661 A CN111328661 A CN 111328661A CN 202010259633 A CN202010259633 A CN 202010259633A CN 111328661 A CN111328661 A CN 111328661A
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for planting shrubs in a refuse dump of a mining area, wherein the device comprises a seedling planting hole, and soil in the seedling planting hole is sequentially provided with the following components from bottom to top: from bottom to top: the water-retaining layer, the nutrition layer, the planting layer and the evaporation prevention layer are arranged on the planting hole, the fish scale pits are arranged on the periphery of the planting hole, and shrubs are arranged in the planting hole. The invention also discloses a method for planting shrubs in the refuse dump of the mining area. The invention utilizes the combined action of the water-retaining agent, the organic fertilizer and the evaporation-proof layer, not only improves the infiltration and storage of water, but also improves the utilization efficiency of soil water, and simultaneously provides sufficient nutrients for the growth of plants. The method promotes the rapid establishment of the vegetation in the mine dump, promotes the ecological environment management of the mine dump, and makes up for the technical defects of vegetation recovery of the dump. The invention can improve the soil water and nutrient supply capacity and obviously improve the growth condition of the sea buckthorn.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest planting and afforestation in forestry, and relates to a device and a method for planting shrubs in a refuse dump in a mining area.
Background
The dump (dump, wastodump, wastepile) is also called a waste rock dump, and refers to a place where mine mining waste is intensively discharged. The Jinshanmeng soil-covered area is an important coal energy base in China, large-scale open-pit mining of coal resources causes extremely serious damage to surface land and an ecological system, a large number of dumping fields which are in urgent need of reclamation are formed, the dumping fields occupy more than half of land of open-pit coal mines, and the thickness of the reclaimed land is not less than 50cm according to the national land reclamation technical standard. The region is also a region with serious water and soil loss in China, and strong water and soil loss causes thinner soil layers in most regions and even loss to cause the exposure of wastes, so that the shortage of available soil resources in the soil covering process of a refuse dump is caused, and the recovery of vegetation is difficult. Because the main soil type for covering soil is typical loess, the soil is thick in texture, poor in water and fertilizer retention capacity and strong in water permeability, and meanwhile, the area is a semi-arid area, the rainfall time distribution is extremely uneven (mainly distributed in 7-9 months), and rainfall mostly takes the form of heavy rain; the characteristics bring great problems to reclamation of the waste dump for coal mining in Shananmeng area.
In the prior art, reclamation of a waste dump for coal mining in Jinshanmeng area is mainly realized by covering the waste dump with loess and then planting grass or shrubs. However, soil nutrient deficiency caused by water deficiency and leakage often causes the phenomenon that the soil is grown in one year, yellow in two years and enters a stove in three years. The cultivation and recovery efficiency of the traditional vegetation recovery mode is low, the vegetation mortality rate is high and is difficult to meet related requirements, and an efficient vegetation cultivation method is urgently needed to be designed, so that the soil structure and texture are optimized, the productivity and the water and soil retention capacity of soil are increased, the water and soil loss is further reduced, the local environment and pollution problems are improved, and the purposes of recovering ecology in mining areas and treating pollution are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a device and a method for planting shrubs in a mine refuse dump.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides a device that mine site refuse dump bush was planted, includes planting seedling cave 1, soil is equipped with from bottom to top in the cave of planting seedling cave 1 in proper order: from bottom to top: the water-retaining layer 2, the nutrition layer 3, the planting layer 4 and the evaporation-preventing layer 5, wherein fish scale pits 6 are arranged at the periphery of the planting hole 1, and shrubs 7 are arranged in the planting hole 1.
Further, the depth of the seedling planting hole 1 is 50cm, and the diameter is 40 cm.
Further, the water retention layer 2 is a water-saturated PAMN water retention agent layer, and the thickness of the water retention layer 2 is 5 cm.
Further, the nutrition layer 3 is an organic fertilizer layer, and the thickness of the organic fertilizer layer is 10 cm.
Further, the thickness of the planting layer 4 is 30 cm.
Further, the thickness of the evaporation-proof layer 5 is 5cm, coarse sand is arranged in the evaporation-proof layer 5, and the average particle size of sandy soil is larger than 0.5 mm.
Further, the shrub 7 is shrubs such as sea buckthorn, caragana microphylla, medlar and longstalck peaches.
Further, the planting row spacing of the shrubs 7 is 1m, and the planting distance is 1 m.
The method for planting shrubs in the refuse dump of the mining area comprises the following steps: digging planting hole, improving soil in hole and planting vegetation.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device for planting shrubs in the refuse dump of the mining area utilizes the combined action of the water-retaining agent, the organic fertilizer and the evaporation prevention layer, thereby not only improving the infiltration and storage of water, but also improving the utilization efficiency of soil water, and simultaneously providing sufficient nutrients for the growth of plants. The method promotes the rapid establishment of the vegetation in the mine dump, promotes the ecological environment management of the mine dump, and makes up for the technical defects of vegetation recovery of the dump. The invention can improve the soil water and nutrient supply capacity and obviously improve the growth condition of the sea buckthorn.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a cross section of a shrub planting device in a refuse dump of a mining area;
FIG. 2: the invention relates to a plane layout of a shrub planting device in a refuse dump of a mining area.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a device for planting shrubs in a refuse dump of a mining area comprises a seedling planting hole 1, wherein soil in the seedling planting hole 1 is sequentially arranged from bottom to top: from bottom to top: the water-retaining layer 2, the nutrition layer 3, the planting layer 4 and the evaporation-preventing layer 5, wherein fish scale pits 6 are arranged at the periphery of the planting hole 1, and shrubs 7 are arranged in the planting hole 1.
The depth of the seedling planting hole 1 is 50cm, and the diameter is 40 cm.
The water retention layer 2 is a water-saturated PAMN water retention agent layer, and the thickness of the water retention layer 2 is 5 cm.
The nutrition layer 3 is an organic fertilizer layer, and the organic fertilizer requires: the content of organic matters after drying is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass fraction of total nutrients is N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5 percent. The thickness of the organic fertilizer layer is 10 cm.
The planting layer 4 has a thickness of 30 cm. The planting layer 4 is backfilled soil in a dump of a mining area, and is mostly loess in the dump of Jinshanmeng mining area.
The thickness of the evaporation-proof layer 5 is 5cm, coarse sand is arranged in the evaporation-proof layer 5, and the average grain size of sandy soil is larger than 0.5 mm.
The shrub 7 is shrub such as sea buckthorn, caragana microphylla, medlar, longstalck peaches and the like.
The planting row spacing of the shrubs 7 is 1m, and the planting distance is 1 m.
The method for planting shrubs in the refuse dump of the mining area comprises the following steps: digging planting hole, improving soil in hole and planting vegetation.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Example 1
A planting hole with the diameter of 40cm and the depth of 50cm is dug and soil is improved in a small area with the diameter of 40cm and the depth of 50cm in 7-11 days in 2014 in No. 1 Ming-Xuehu Yongli coal mine, a water retaining layer with the diameter of 5cm, a nutrition layer with the diameter of 10cm and a loess field covering area with the diameter of 10cm are respectively backfilled, flat peach seedlings with long handles are selected for 2 years of seedling growing time, the flat peach seedlings are trimmed to the uniform height of 80cm before planting, root dipping treatment is carried out in rooting powder solution with the concentration of 1000ppm, the flat peach seedlings are vertically placed close to the vertical pit edge of the south face, the soil covering area with the depth of 10cm is buried, seedlings are lifted and trampled, the same soil is filled again, an evaporation preventing layer with the depth of 5cm is trampled, watering is carried out for multiple times after planting is finished, water is carried out until water storage in the planting hole is more than 10 minutes, water and nutrient management is not carried out at the later stage, the density of 1m × m, a Trime-TDR measuring pipe and a small evaporation measuring device are arranged in each small area, and are used for monitoring the.
Comparative example 1
The dump plot of comparative example 1 was not soil amended and the other steps were the same as example 1.
Rainfall, the water content of the soil body in the example 1 and the water content of the soil body in the comparative example 1 and soil moisture evaporation are respectively dynamically monitored in 2014, 11 days to 9 months and 10, and the water content of the soil is analyzed according to the water balance principle. During the period, the total rainfall is 116.7mm, and the water content of the soil body of 0-50cm is increased by 44.51mm compared with 21.6mm of the comparative example 1 by the treatment of the example 1, and is increased by 106 percent. The amount of leakage of the soil treated in example 1 was 7.98mm, which was 29.02mm less than that of the soil treated in comparative example 1, which revealed that the effect of retaining the soil moisture in the soil at the refuse dump after soil improvement was significant. From the survival rate of the longstalck peaches, the survival rate of the longstalck peaches in the example 1 reaches 98 percent, and compared with the survival rate of 95 percent in the comparative example 1, the survival rate is not obvious. However, the plant heights were significantly different, as measured on days 8, 9 and 2015, in that the average plant height of example 1 was 132cm and the length was 52m, and the average plant height of comparative example 1 was 95cm and the length was 15 cm. The average plant height of example 1 reaches 178cm at 8, 9 and 2016, the average plant height of comparative example 1 just reaches 112cm, and example 1 realizes flowering and fruiting at the current year, but comparative example 1 basically does not realize flowering and fruiting and partial death occurs until the examples of the present invention can still realize annual flowering and fruiting on the basis of ensuring survival rate. Therefore, through soil moisture monitoring, leakage monitoring and plant survival rate and growth condition analysis, the novel shrub planting technology is considered to have a promoting effect on improving the utilization efficiency of moisture and nutrients of soil of the refuse dump of the mining area, and has an important significance on vegetation recovery of the refuse dump of the mining area.
Example 2
In 2016, 5 and 10 days, planting medlar in a 10m × 10m small area of a D34 dump of Oriental mine, according to the process method, digging planting holes with the diameter of 40cm and the depth of 50cm, improving soil, respectively backfilling a 5cm water-retaining layer, a 10cm nutrition layer and 10cm dump coverage loess, selecting medlar seedlings with the seedling growing time of 2 years, trimming to 100cm uniform height before planting, carrying out root dipping treatment in rooting powder solution with the concentration of 1000ppm, vertically placing the seedlings close to the vertical pit edge of the south face, burying the soil covering the soil of the 10cm mine dump, lifting the seedlings and treading, filling the same soil with the depth of 10cm, treading, covering an evaporation-proof layer with the depth of 5cm on the seedlings, watering for multiple times after planting, till the planting holes are planted for more than 10 minutes, enabling the soil moisture to reach saturation, no longer carrying out planting with the density of 1m × 1m in the later period, arranging a Tri-TDR measuring pipe in each small area, and simultaneously measuring the moisture of the soil and recording the survival rate of the seedlings.
Comparative example 2
The dump plot of comparative example 2 was not soil amended and the other steps were the same as example 2.
The soil moisture measurements of example 2 and comparative example 2 were performed every quarter starting at 6/10/2016, and the survival rate and growth of seedlings of lycium barbarum were recorded, and it was found that the moisture content of the soil of example 2 was significantly higher than that of comparative example 2. The average soil moisture content of example 2 was 21% at 0-20cm, which is 91% higher than the average soil moisture content of comparative example 2, indicating that the evaporation prevention effect of the evaporation prevention layer was significant. 30-50cm soil, the average soil moisture content of example 2 is 30%, and is 58% higher than the average moisture content of comparative example 2, which is 19%, thus showing that the effect of the lower water-retaining layer is obvious. The survival rate of the medlar seedlings is recorded, and the survival rate of the medlar seedlings in the example 2 is up to 100%, and is remarkably different from the survival rate of the medlar seedlings in the comparative example 2, namely 86%. Moreover, the growth condition difference in the later period is more obvious, and through one year of growth, the plant height of the medlar is shown as follows: the average plant height and length of example 2 is 21cm, while the plant height and length of comparative example 2 is 5.9cm, the difference of the plant height and the growth speed is very obvious, which shows that the influence of soil improvement on the plant height change of the medlar is obvious. Meanwhile, in example 2, a small amount of flowers are produced in the flowering phase in 2017, wolfberry fruits can be harvested in the fruiting phase, and in comparative example 2, sporadic flowering and fruiting are produced in 2018. This indicates that the soil improvement can promote the growth of medlar and advance the flowering and fruiting period. Through the surface soil moisture change and the deep soil moisture change of the embodiment 2 and the comparative example 2, the survival rate and the growth condition of the medlar seedlings are analyzed, so that the novel planting technology can improve the soil moisture and nutrient supply capacity, obviously improve the medlar plant height, promote the plant maturity and obviously influence the medlar growth.
Example 3
2016, 5 and 15 days, planting sea-buckthorn in a cell of 10m × 10m of a D34-grade dumping field of an Oridos Cinders Dai coal mine, wherein in example 3, the planting position is beside that in example 2. the implementation process is similar to that in example 2, the method process is the same, sea-buckthorn seedlings with the seedling growing time of 2 years are selected, the sea-buckthorn seedlings are trimmed to be 75cm uniform height before planting, the planting density is 1m × 1 m.
Comparative example 3
The dump plot of comparative example 3 was not soil amended and the other steps were the same as example 3.
The soil moisture measurements were performed on example 3 and comparative example 3 every quarter starting at 6/10/2016, and the survival rate and growth of seedlings of lycium barbarum were recorded, and it was found that the moisture content of the soil of example 3 was significantly higher than that of comparative example 3. The average soil moisture content of example 3 was 22% at 0-20cm, which is 83% higher than the average soil moisture content of comparative example 3 of 12%, indicating that the evaporation prevention effect of the evaporation prevention layer was significant. 30-50cm of soil, the average soil moisture content of example 3 is 30%, and the average moisture content of comparative example 3 is 18%, which is 67% higher, which shows that the effect of the lower water-retaining layer is obvious. The survival rate of the sea buckthorn seedlings is recorded, the survival rate of the sea buckthorn seedlings in the example 3 is 95%, and is improved to a certain extent compared with the survival rate of the sea buckthorn seedlings in the comparative example 3 of 93%, but the difference is not obvious. The growth condition difference in the later period is more obvious, and after one year of growth, the plant height of the sea buckthorn is shown as follows: the average plant height and length of example 3 is 18cm, while the plant height and length of comparative example 3 is 8.6cm, the difference of the plant height and the growth speed is very obvious, which shows that the influence of soil improvement on the change of the plant height of the sea buckthorn is obvious. By analyzing the surface soil moisture change and the deep soil moisture change of the embodiment 3 and the comparative example 3 in combination with the medlar seedling survival rate and the growth condition, the novel planting technology can improve the soil moisture and nutrient supply capacity and obviously improve the growth condition of the sea buckthorn.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a device that mine site refuse dump bush was planted which characterized in that: including planting seedling cave (1), the soil is equipped with from bottom to top in the cave of planting seedling cave (1) in proper order: from bottom to top: the water-retaining layer (2), the nutrition layer (3), the planting layer (4) and the evaporation-preventing layer (5), wherein fish scale pits (6) are arranged on the periphery of the planting hole (1), and shrubs (7) are arranged in the planting hole (1).
2. The apparatus for brush planting in the refuse dump of mining area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the depth of the seedling planting hole (1) is 50cm, and the diameter is 40 cm.
3. The apparatus for brush planting in the refuse dump of mining area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water retention layer (2) is a water-saturated PAMN water retention agent layer, and the thickness of the water retention layer (2) is 5 cm.
4. The apparatus for brush planting in the refuse dump of mining area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nutrition layer (3) is an organic fertilizer layer, and the thickness of the organic fertilizer layer is 10 cm.
5. The apparatus for brush planting in the refuse dump of mining area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the planting layer (4) is 30cm thick.
6. The apparatus for brush planting in the refuse dump of mining area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the evaporation-proof layer (5) is 5cm, coarse sand is arranged in the evaporation-proof layer (5), and the average particle size of sandy soil is larger than 0.5 mm.
7. The apparatus for brush planting in the refuse dump of mining area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shrub (7) is sea-buckthorn, caragana microphylla, medlar and longstalck peaches.
8. The apparatus for brush planting in the refuse dump of mining area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the planting row spacing of the shrubs (7) is 1m, and the planting row spacing is 1 m.
9. A method of brush planting in the mine dump as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, digging a plant seedling hole (1): digging a seedling planting hole by using a common drill bit puncher with the diameter of 40cm, wherein the thickness of covering soil before vegetation recovery of a refuse dump in a mining area is required to be not less than 50cm, the aperture is 40cm, and the depth is 50 cm; finally, 30cm of soil in the backfilled dump is filled, and the rest of soil with the length of 20cm is uniformly placed at the periphery of the seedling planting hole to play a role of the fish scale pit (6);
step 2, soil improvement in the seedling planting hole (1): the bottom layer is provided with a water retention layer (2), the water retention material is a PAMN water retention agent, and the thickness of the water retention layer is 5 cm; a nutrition layer (3) is arranged on the water retention layer; the organic fertilizer has the following requirements: the content of organic matters after drying is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass fraction of total nutrients is N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5 percent; the thickness of the nutrition layer is 10 cm; a planting layer (4) is arranged on the nutrition layer; the planting layer is original covering soil of a refuse dump in a mining area, the thickness of the planting layer is 30cm, the planting layer is backfilled twice, the planting layer is backfilled for 10cm for the first time, treading is carried out, and the planting layer is backfilled for 20cm and treading is carried out while seedlings are planted; finally, an evaporation-proof layer (5) is covered on the upper layer, the evaporation-proof layer is coarse sand, the average grain diameter of the coarse sand is required to be more than 0.5mm, and the coarse sand is uniformly paved on the upper layer of the seedling planting hole (1) and is 5cm thick;
step 3, planting and treating the nursery stock: before planting, the nursery stock is a 2-year shrub seedling, root dipping treatment is carried out in a rooting powder solution with the concentration of 1000ppm, the nursery stock is placed in a seedling planting hole (1) where a water retention layer, a nutrition layer and a 10cm planting layer are laid and close to a south vertical pit edge, after backfilling soil of a 10cm dump, the seedling is lifted and tamped, and then the soil of 10cm is tamped; covering with 5cm anti-evaporation layer; watering for many times after planting until the seedling planting holes (1) are filled with water for more than 10 minutes to saturate soil moisture; and no water and nutrient management is carried out in the later period.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010259633.XA CN111328661A (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2020-04-03 | Device and method for planting shrubs in refuse dump of mining area |
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| CN202010259633.XA CN111328661A (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2020-04-03 | Device and method for planting shrubs in refuse dump of mining area |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112243786A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-22 | 承德京城矿业集团有限公司 | Method for forestation in vanadium titano-magnetite ore dressing water washing waste stone waste dump and locust thereof |
| CN112970369A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Ecological reconstructed sponge structure of strip mine refuse dump and application thereof |
| CN113796231A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-17 | 中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司 | Buried ecological restoration module and open coal mine refuse dump vegetation reconstruction method |
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| CN112243786A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-22 | 承德京城矿业集团有限公司 | Method for forestation in vanadium titano-magnetite ore dressing water washing waste stone waste dump and locust thereof |
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| CN115119655A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-30 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Device and method for repairing cracks in mining disturbance area of underground mine |
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| CN113796231A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-17 | 中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司 | Buried ecological restoration module and open coal mine refuse dump vegetation reconstruction method |
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Application publication date: 20200626 |