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CN111313048B - The structure of the guide plate of the seawater acidification electrolytic cell that is not easy to release chlorine - Google Patents

The structure of the guide plate of the seawater acidification electrolytic cell that is not easy to release chlorine Download PDF

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CN111313048B
CN111313048B CN201811513704.3A CN201811513704A CN111313048B CN 111313048 B CN111313048 B CN 111313048B CN 201811513704 A CN201811513704 A CN 201811513704A CN 111313048 B CN111313048 B CN 111313048B
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outlet
inlet
plate
seawater
flow field
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CN111313048A (en
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李新
俞红梅
孙树成
邵志刚
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0271Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种不易析氯的海水酸化电解池极板结构,该导流极板包括导流单极或双极板,所述的导流单极板由单面分水流场金属板,带有三个腔体的进出口绝缘板组成,导流双极板由带有正面分水流场和反面分水流场金属板,带有三个腔体的进出口绝缘板组成,所述的腔体进出口板,包含海水和极液流体进出口,该极液流体进出口之间设有导流槽及连接导流槽的连接槽,导流槽和连接槽均设计成直流槽或近直流槽,该极板可使流体流动均匀、通畅,并有效防止该酸化电解池析氯,提高析氢析氧纯度。The invention relates to a pole plate structure of a seawater acidification electrolytic cell which is not easy to analyze chlorine. The inlet and outlet insulating plates with three cavities are composed of the inlet and outlet insulating plates with three cavities. Body inlet and outlet plate, including seawater and polar fluid inlet and outlet, between the polar fluid inlet and outlet, there is a diversion groove and a connection groove connecting the diversion groove, the diversion groove and the connection groove are designed as a direct current groove or a near direct current. The electrode plate can make the fluid flow uniform and smooth, and effectively prevent the chlorine evolution of the acidizing electrolytic cell, and improve the purity of hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution.

Description

Seawater acidification electrolytic cell flow guide polar plate structure not easy to separate chlorine
Technical Field
The invention relates to water electrolysis, in particular to a guide polar plate structure of a seawater acidification electrolytic cell which is not easy to separate chlorine.
Background
Throughout the environment, atmospheric carbon dioxide is in equilibrium with the ocean at all times. The total content of carbon element in seawater is as high as 38000 kilo hundred million tons, about 2-3% exists in a form that carbon dioxide gas is dissolved, and the remaining 97-98% exists in a combined state of bicarbonate and carbonate. The ocean carbon source is about 175 times the atmospheric carbon source estimated from the current world ocean volume, and the ocean carbon dioxide concentration (100mg/L) is about 140 times the atmospheric concentration (0.77mg/L) when measured in terms of mass to volume ratios. Dissolved HCO in seawater3 -With CO3 2-Determine the pH value of seawater with the depth of more than 100m and CO2There is a balance of:
[CO2]T=[CO2(g)]+[HCO3 -]+[CO3 2-]
therefore, the high-concentration CO in the seawater is efficiently utilized in an energy-saving manner2Has profound significance for environmental protection: first, CO is removed from seawater2Can indirectly shadowIn response to the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere, the new seawater medium produced will be able to absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere without affecting the pH of the ocean, and, in addition, absorb CO from the seawater2Compared with the traditional alkali liquor absorption, the energy consumption is lower, and the method can be directly applied to the fields of biological carbon fixation, low-temperature curing and the like. Currently, CO dissolved in seawater (or water) is removed2The main methods of (1) are as follows: electrochemical methods, heating/pressure reduction methods, chemical precipitation methods, bubbling methods, anion exchange membrane methods, and the like. The electrochemical method has the advantages of high efficiency, high purity and the like, and becomes a research hotspot.
Currently, U.S. patent application publications [ US 20130206605 a1 ] and [ US 20140238869 a1 ] acidify seawater electrochemically to extract CO2And preparation of H2In the two specifications, the electrode plate of the seawater acidification electrolytic cell is separated into a seawater cavity, an anode liquid cavity and a cathode liquid cavity through an ion exchange membrane, and after the seawater is acidified, CO is extracted from the acidified seawater2The device is used for extracting CO2In the case of the method, the carbon dioxide removal rate is 70% and the purity is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Experiments show that when a direct current power supply is loaded in the conventional seawater acidification electrolytic cell, chlorine evolution reaction can occur on two sides of an ion exchange membrane on the inlet side and the outlet side of seawater, so that chlorine is generated in the acidified seawater, the purity of separated carbon dioxide is influenced, and CO is required to be treated in operation2The purification requires additional equipment, which results in low removal efficiency and purity.
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a polar plate structure of a seawater acidification electrolytic cell, which can electrolyze water, enable fluid to flow uniformly and smoothly, is assembled in the seawater acidification electrolytic cell, can prevent ion exchange reactions on two sides of an ion exchange membrane of an inlet channel and an outlet channel of a seawater cavity, is not easy to separate chlorine, simultaneously prevents ion exchange reactions on two sides of the ion exchange membrane of the inlet channel and the outlet channel of a polar liquid cavity, and improves the purity of hydrogen and oxygen separation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the flow guide polar plate structure of the seawater acidification electrolytic cell is a unipolar plate or a bipolar plate; the flow guide polar plate is formed by combining a flow field plate positioned in the center and an electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate positioned on the peripheral side; the flow field plate is a single-sided flow field or a double-sided flow field; the flow field has a flow channel; the flow field plate is made of metal; the electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate is an insulating plate or a plate for insulating the electrode liquid inlet and outlet.
The unipolar plate is characterized in that only one of two side surfaces of a polar plate is provided with a flow field; bipolar plates are those in which flow fields are provided on both sides (front and back) of the plate.
The flow guide bipolar plate is an integral plate comprising a front side water diversion flow field and a back side water diversion flow field, or a plate formed by welding the front side water diversion flow field and the back side water diversion flow field.
As a preferred technical scheme, the electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate is provided with three groups of inlet and outlet ports: seawater inlet, seawater outlet, anode electrode liquid inlet, anode electrode liquid outlet, cathode electrode liquid inlet, and cathode electrode liquid outlet.
As a preferred technical scheme, the anode solution is deionized water; the cathode electrode liquid is deionized water or softened water for removing metal ions.
As a preferred technical scheme, the seawater inlet and the seawater outlet, the anode electrode liquid inlet and the anode electrode liquid outlet, and the cathode electrode liquid inlet and the cathode electrode liquid outlet are respectively arranged in point symmetry with the center of the electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate as a central point.
As a preferred technical scheme, the seawater inlet, the anode electrode liquid inlet and the cathode electrode liquid inlet are arranged on the same side or different sides of the electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate.
As a preferable technical scheme, the inlet/outlet of the anode/cathode of the electrode liquid inlet/outlet plate is also respectively provided with a diversion trench and a connecting trench; the anode solution sequentially enters a flow channel of the flow field plate through an anode solution inlet, an anode inlet diversion trench and an anode inlet connecting trench and then flows to an anode solution outlet through an anode outlet connecting trench and an anode outlet diversion trench; and the cathode electrode liquid sequentially enters the flow channel of the flow field plate through the cathode electrode liquid inlet, the cathode inlet diversion trench and the cathode inlet connecting trench and then flows to the cathode electrode liquid outlet through the cathode outlet connecting trench and the cathode outlet diversion trench.
As a preferred technical scheme, the diversion trench and the connection trench are both designed as straight-flow trenches or nearly straight-flow trenches.
As a preferred technical scheme, the flow field plate is a metal plate with a coating layer on the surface; the preferable material of the metal is titanium or stainless steel; the coating layer is a high-conductivity corrosion-resistant material layer, the material is preferably one or the combination of more than two of Pt, Ru or Ir, and the thickness of the coating layer is 1-5 mu m.
As a preferred technical solution, the flow channels of the flow field are parallel flow channels or floating point flow channels.
Preferably, the thickness of the electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate is consistent with that of the flow field plate.
The electrode liquid inlet and outlet, the diversion trench, the connecting trench and the surface of the flat plate around the outside of the flow field of the electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate are provided with annular sealing grooves, and the electrode liquid inlet and outlet channel, the diversion trench and the water diversion flow field are positioned in an annular area surrounded by the sealing grooves.
The electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate is provided with a sealing groove, the depth of the groove is 0.2-0.6mm, and sealing is realized by adopting a line sealing or surface sealing mode, so that liquid leakage or liquid channeling is prevented.
The diversion trench (which may be provided in a plurality of strips) is used to divert the polar liquid to a connecting trench, which is used to distribute the polar liquid to flow channels in the flow field.
And the anode liquid enters into one surface of the electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate. The anode electrode liquid inlet is communicated with a plurality of anode electrode liquid inlet diversion trenches, and the cathode electrode liquid inlet is provided with no diversion trenches. The anode liquid inlet diversion trench enters a flow channel of the flow field through the connecting trench, then is collected into the outlet connecting trench and is connected through the outlet diversion trench; flows to the anode liquid outlet.
And cathode liquid is fed into the other side of the electrode liquid inlet/outlet plate. The cathode pole liquid inlet is communicated with a plurality of cathode pole liquid inlet diversion trenches, and the anode pole liquid inlet is provided with no diversion trenches. The cathode pole liquid inlet diversion groove enters a flow channel of the flow field through the connecting groove, then is converged into the outlet connecting groove and is connected through the outlet diversion groove; flows to the cathode liquid outlet.
The parallel flow channels forming the continuous parallel flow field are preferably one or two combinations of the following two structures: one structure is a strip-shaped straight flow passage, and the other structure is an arc-shaped or S-shaped flow passage; the floating point type flow field is characterized in that grooves are formed in the surface of a polar plate, bulges with the same height as the depth of the grooves are uniformly distributed at the bottoms of the grooves, and gaps among the bulges in the grooves are used as flow channels of the flow field.
Preferably, the cross section of the parallel flow channels perpendicular to the fluid flowing direction is rectangular, square, semicircular, trapezoidal or other shapes; the floating point flow channel is formed by bulges which are uniformly distributed on the bottom surface of the groove on the surface of the polar plate, and the bulges are rectangular and/or circular.
The invention provides a diversion polar plate with a split structure, wherein a water diversion flow field adopts a metal plate, and the inlet side and the outlet side adopt an insulating plate, so that chlorine gas generated by chlorine ions obtained by seawater at the inlet side and the outlet side can be effectively prevented, and seawater electrolysis and chlorine evolution reaction can be prevented. By optimizing the electrode plate structure used by the seawater acidification electrolytic cell, the electrode plate with uniform and smooth fluid flow is obtained, the chlorine evolution side reaction is avoided in the seawater acidification process, and the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution purity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an insulating frame of a flow-guiding bipolar plate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a diversion bipolar plate water diversion flow field plate structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the front side structure of a flow-guiding bipolar plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the reverse structure of a flow-directing bipolar plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a sealing face configuration of a flow directing bipolar plate;
FIG. 6 shows a structure of a seawater acidifying electrolytic cell.
In the figure, a seawater inlet 1, a seawater outlet 1-1, a deionized water inlet 2, a deionized water outlet 2-2, a softened water inlet 3, a softened water outlet 3-3, an inlet diversion trench 4, an outlet diversion trench 4-4, a sealing trench 5, an inlet connecting trench 6, an outlet connecting trench 6-6, a sealing surface 7, a flow field 8 and a sealing platform 9 are arranged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
This example is a flow directing bipolar plate for an acidified cell.
As shown in fig. 1, the plate with three cavity inlets and outlets of the flow-guiding bipolar plate is a glass fiber plate.
As shown in fig. 2, the water diversion flow field plate of the flow guiding bipolar plate is a metal titanium plate with a front water diversion flow field and a back water diversion flow field. The front and back surfaces of the diversion bipolar plate diversion flow field plate are provided with diversion flow fields 8 with certain flow channel layout (in the present embodiment, the layout of the flow channels takes a parallel flow field as an example, the actual structure is not limited to the parallel flow field), deionized water and softened water are respectively circulated, and the periphery of the flow field 8 is provided with a sealing table top 9.
The water diversion flow field on the front side of the flow guide bipolar plate in fig. 3 is circulating deionized water:
deionized water enters the water diversion flow field through a deionized water inlet 2 (left side of figure 3), sequentially passes through an inlet guide groove 4 (left side of figure 3), flows through an inlet connecting groove 6 (left side of figure 3), is uniformly distributed, sequentially passes through an outlet connecting groove 6-6 (right side of figure 3) and an outlet guide groove 4-4 (right side of figure 3), and then flows out through a deionized water outlet 2-2 (right side of figure 3).
The water diversion flow field on the reverse side of the diversion bipolar plate in fig. 4 is circulating softened water:
softened water flows through an inlet connecting groove 6 (right side in figure 4) to enter a water diversion flow field for uniform distribution through a softened water inlet 3 (right side in figure 4), sequentially passes through an inlet guide groove 4 (right side in figure 4), sequentially flows through an outlet connecting groove 6-6 (left side in figure 4) and an outlet guide groove 4-4 (left side in figure 4), and then flows out through a softened water outlet 3-3 (left side in figure 4).
The sealing platform 9 around the water diversion field plate and the sealing surface 7 with the inlet and outlet plates of three cavities in the figure 5 are sealed by bonding, namely the sealing surface 7 of the laminated plate in the figure 1 and the sealing platform 9 of the metal titanium plate in the figure 2 are formed by sealing combination in figures 3 and 4, so that the deionized water flowing through the front side of the flow guide bipolar plate and the softened water flowing through the back side of the flow guide bipolar plate can be prevented from flowing into liquid, and meanwhile, the front surface and the back surface of the flow guide bipolar plate are provided with sealing grooves 5 in which sealing glue lines are placed for sealing the electrode plate and the front and back parts of the electrode plate and preventing liquid leakage.

Claims (8)

1.海水酸化电解池的导流极板结构,其特征在于:1. the guide plate structure of seawater acidification electrolytic cell, it is characterized in that: 所述导流极板为双极板;The guide plate is a bipolar plate; 所述导流极板由位于中心的流场板和位于周侧的电极液进出口板组合构成;The guide plate is composed of a flow field plate located in the center and an electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate located on the peripheral side; 所述流场板为双面流场;所述流场具有流道;所述流场板为金属材质;The flow field plate is a double-sided flow field; the flow field has a flow channel; the flow field plate is made of metal; 所述电极液进出口板为绝缘板或者为对电极液进出口进行绝缘处理的板;The electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate is an insulating plate or a plate for insulating the electrode liquid inlet and outlet; 所述电极液进出口板设有三组进出口:海水进口、海水出口,阳极极液进口、阳极极液出口、阴极极液进口、阴极极液出口;The electrode liquid inlet and outlet plates are provided with three groups of inlets and outlets: seawater inlet, seawater outlet, anolyte inlet, anolyte outlet, catholyte inlet, and catholyte outlet; 所述电极液进出口板的阳/阴极的进/出口还分别设有导流槽和连接槽;The inlet/outlet of the anode/cathode of the electrode liquid inlet/outlet plate is also provided with a diversion groove and a connection groove respectively; 所述阳极极液依次经阳极极液进口、阳极进口导流槽和阳极进口连接槽进入流场板的流道,再经依次经阳极出口连接槽和阳极出口导流槽流向阳极极液出口;所述阴极极液依次经阴极极液进口、阴极进口导流槽和阴极进口连接槽进入流场板的流道,再经依次经阴极出口连接槽和阴极出口导流槽流向阴极极液出口;The anolyte enters the flow channel of the flow field plate through the anolyte inlet, the anode inlet guide groove and the anode inlet connection groove in sequence, and then flows to the anolyte outlet through the anode outlet connection groove and the anode outlet guide groove in sequence; The catholyte enters the flow channel of the flow field plate through the catholyte inlet, the cathode inlet guide groove and the cathode inlet connection groove in sequence, and then flows to the catholyte outlet through the cathode outlet connection groove and the cathode outlet guide groove in sequence; 所述阳极极液为去离子水;所述阴极极液为去除金属离子的软化水。The anolyte is deionized water; the catholyte is demineralized water from which metal ions are removed. 2.根据权利要求1所述的海水酸化电解池的导流极板结构,其特征在于:所述海水进口与海水出口、阳极极液进口与阳极极液出口、阴极极液进口与阴极极液出口分别以电极液进出口板的中心为中心点呈点对称设置。2. the guide plate structure of seawater acidification electrolyzer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seawater inlet and seawater outlet, anolyte inlet and anolyte outlet, catholyte inlet and catholyte The outlets are respectively arranged point-symmetrically with the center of the electrode liquid inlet and outlet plates as the center point. 3.根据权利要求1所述的海水酸化电解池的导流极板结构,其特征在于:所述海水进口、阳极极液进口、阴极极液进口在电极液进出口板的同侧或不同侧。3. the guide plate structure of seawater acidification electrolyzer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seawater inlet, anolyte inlet, catholyte inlet are on the same side or different side of electrode liquid inlet and outlet plate . 4.根据权利要求1所述的海水酸化电解池的导流极板结构,其特征在于:所述导流槽和连接槽均设计成直流槽。4 . The guide plate structure of the seawater acidification electrolytic cell according to claim 1 , wherein the guide groove and the connection groove are both designed as direct current grooves. 5 . 5.根据权利要求1所述的海水酸化电解池的导流极板结构,其特征在于:所述流场板,为表面附涂覆层的金属板。5 . The guide plate structure of the seawater acidification electrolytic cell according to claim 1 , wherein the flow field plate is a metal plate with a coating layer on the surface. 6 . 6.根据权利要求5所述的海水酸化电解池的导流极板结构,其特征在于:所述金属材质为钛或不锈钢。6 . The guide plate structure of the seawater acidification electrolytic cell according to claim 5 , wherein the metal material is titanium or stainless steel. 7 . 7.根据权利要求5所述的海水酸化电解池的导流极板结构,其特征在于:所述涂覆层为高导电耐腐蚀材料层,所述材料为Pt、Ru或Ir的一种或二种以上组合,涂层厚度1-5μm。7. The guide plate structure of the seawater acidification electrolytic cell according to claim 5, wherein the coating layer is a high-conductivity corrosion-resistant material layer, and the material is one of Pt, Ru or Ir or Two or more combinations, the coating thickness is 1-5μm. 8.根据权利要求1所述的海水酸化电解池的导流极板结构,其特征在于:所述流场的流道为平行流道或浮点流道。8 . The guide plate structure of the seawater acidification electrolytic cell according to claim 1 , wherein the flow channel of the flow field is a parallel flow channel or a floating flow channel. 9 .
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