CN111256755B - Device and method for traceability of exhaust gas emissions from mobile ships - Google Patents
Device and method for traceability of exhaust gas emissions from mobile ships Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种移动船舶废气排放溯源装置及方法，利用移动船舶废气排放溯源装置在港口水域岸基形成一个固定监测站点，至少包括三部分:样气收集控制器、气象信息收集机构、船舶自动识别跟踪机构；样气收集控制器用于远距离收集、处理、分析船舶排放的废气，从而实现实时监测和分析船舶排放的大气中污染物的浓度；气象信息收集机构用于收集固定监测站点附近以及被监测船舶附近的气象环境数据；船舶自动识别跟踪机构，用于收集固定监测站点周围水域的船舶静态信息和动态信息、实时跟踪被监测船舶烟囱口的排放温度。该装置和方法操作简单，能仅利用单个监测站点，对移动船舶排放源强溯源估计，快速识别高排放和使用高硫油的违规船舶。
The invention discloses a mobile ship exhaust gas emission traceability device and method. The mobile ship exhaust gas emission traceability device is used to form a fixed monitoring site on the shore base of port waters, which at least includes three parts: a sample gas collection controller, a meteorological information collection mechanism, a ship Automatic identification and tracking mechanism; sample gas collection controller is used for remote collection, processing and analysis of exhaust gas emitted by ships, so as to realize real-time monitoring and analysis of the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere emitted by ships; meteorological information collection mechanism is used to collect near fixed monitoring sites. And the meteorological environment data near the monitored ship; the ship automatic identification and tracking mechanism is used to collect the static and dynamic information of the ship in the waters around the fixed monitoring site, and track the emission temperature of the monitored ship's chimney in real time. The device and method are simple to operate, and can only use a single monitoring station to estimate the intensity of emission sources of mobile ships and quickly identify illegal ships with high emissions and high sulfur oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a device and a method for monitoring ship atmospheric pollutant emission.
Background
The gas emission of the ship in the use process can cause pollution to the atmospheric environment. Particularly, exhaust gas emitted from ships using high-sulfur oil seriously affects air quality in coastal areas and physical health of coastal residents, and therefore, quick and accurate determination of emission intensity of ship emission sources is very important for high-sulfur oil ship supervision. However, since the ship exhaust source trajectory is a discrete moving source, it is difficult to perform the ship exhaust diffusion simulation and the ship exhaust gas tracing. The patent with publication number CN109739235A discloses an automatic tracking method for leaked gas of female mosquito-like mobile sensors, which comprises the steps of realizing gas collection by using a plurality of gas sensor arrays mounted on a mobile robot, and realizing the estimation of leakage position and concentration by a tracing algorithm. Although this patent has realized leaking gas and has traced to the source, because marine is high temperature, high salt and high humid special monitoring environment, and the boats and ships discharge has mobility strong, the characteristics that the space-time change is rapid and multisource discharges, consequently, is difficult to realize that the gas acquisition of mobile robot is with tracing to the source and using on water. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and monitor the exhaust emission of ships in port water areas is a key technical problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a mobile ship exhaust emission tracing device and a mobile ship exhaust emission tracing method, wherein the device and the method are simple to operate, and can be used for carrying out strong tracing estimation on a mobile ship emission source by only utilizing a single ship emission fixed monitoring station, and quickly identifying illegal ships with high emission and high sulfur oil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a remove boats and ships exhaust emission device of tracing to source which characterized in that: at least comprises the following steps:
sealing the box body;
the sample gas collection controller is connected with the outside through a gas collecting pipe extending out of the box body and is used for collecting, processing and analyzing the waste gas discharged by the monitored ship in a long distance, so that the concentration of the atmospheric pollutants discharged by the ship can be monitored and analyzed in real time;
the meteorological information collecting mechanism is arranged at the top of the box body and is used for collecting the mobile ship exhaust emission traceability device and meteorological environment data near the monitored ship, and the meteorological environment data comprises wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and air pressure;
the automatic ship identification and tracking mechanism is arranged in the box body and used for collecting static information and dynamic information of ships in water areas around the movable ship exhaust emission tracing device and tracking and monitoring the emission temperature of a ship chimney opening in real time.
According to the above technical scheme, the sample gas collection controller at least comprises:
the gas concentration analyzer is arranged in the box body and comprises a sulfur dioxide detection module, a carbon dioxide detection module and a nitrogen oxide detection module;
one end of the telescopic gas collecting pipe extends out of the box body and can be separated from the box body;
the desalting and dehumidifying module is arranged in the gas collecting pipe and is used for removing salt and moisture in the sample gas; and the gas collecting pipe is connected with the three branch pipes respectively.
According to the technical scheme, the collecting pipe of the sample gas collecting controller is formed by butt joint of two parts, wherein one part is positioned at the upper part of the box body, and the other part is positioned in the box body; the part which is positioned at the upper part of the box body and extends out of the box body can be separated from the box body, and the part can be manually stretched to different heights to collect gas; and a desalting and dehumidifying module is arranged in the other part of the gas collecting pipe in the box body and is arranged in front of the bifurcation point of the gas collecting pipe and the three branch pipes.
According to the technical scheme, the air collector is positioned inside the air collecting pipe and positioned on the upper part of the desalting and dehumidifying module, the air extractor is further arranged, and the air outlet of the air extractor is connected with the desalting and dehumidifying module to introduce air into the desalting and dehumidifying module.
According to the technical scheme, the three modules in the gas concentration analyzer are respectively as follows: sulfur dioxide detection module, carbon dioxide detection module, nitrogen oxide detection module.
According to the technical scheme, the automatic ship identification and tracking mechanism at least comprises an infrared thermal image thermometer and an automatic ship identification module which are positioned in the box body; the infrared thermal imaging temperature measuring instrument remotely measures the discharge temperature of a ship chimney opening in a real-time and non-contact manner; the automatic ship identification module is a ship AIS receiver and is used for collecting static information and navigation dynamic information of surrounding ships in real time, wherein the static information of the ships comprises ship names, ship call numbers, ship power equipment information, ship tonnage, ship length, ship width and draft information; the dynamic information of the ship navigation comprises the navigation speed, the course and the ship position information.
A ship emission tracing method adopting the movable ship exhaust emission tracing device comprises the following steps:
1) determining the layout position of a fixed monitoring station, arranging a movable ship exhaust emission tracing device at a shore-based fixed monitoring station, and acquiring real-time monitoring concentration data of each component gas emitted by a ship;
2) collecting parameters, wherein the parameters comprise meteorological environment parameters, static information of a monitored ship, dynamic activity information of the monitored ship and gas concentration monitoring information of a fixed monitoring station, the meteorological environment parameters comprise wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and air pressure, the static information of the ship comprises ship name, call sign, host power, auxiliary power, chimney height, chimney radius and chimney port average emission temperature, the dynamic activity information of the ship comprises course, navigation speed and position information, and the gas concentration monitoring information comprises sulfur dioxide concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration;
3) determining a starting point and an end point of an effective ship navigation track, and setting the starting point time of navigation as 0 and the end point time as n;
4) establishing a wind direction coordinate system, constructing a wind direction coordinate system which takes a ship navigation track point as a coordinate origin, takes the following wind direction as an x axis and takes the transverse wind direction as a y axis, and converting the coordinates of the fixed monitoring station from a geodetic coordinate system to the wind direction coordinate system;
5) simulating a candidate solution set with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship, namely simulating the exhaust emission concentration of the ship and the three-dimensional space coordinate position of the exhaust emission source of the ship, and determining the candidate solution set so as to further determine an optimal solution in the candidate solution set;
6) establishing a functional relation between the exhaust emission diffusion concentration distribution field and the parameters collected in the step 1) based on a Gaussian smoke mass diffusion model, and establishing a mobile ship exhaust emission diffusion model.
7) Comparing a plurality of groups of simulated concentration values with the actual monitored concentration value of the monitoring station within the candidate solution set range in the step 5), and determining the closest simulated concentration value as the optimal solution with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship; establishing an optimization function f (Q) for solving the optimal solution of the exhaust emission source strength of the mobile ship, and solving the optimal solution of the exhaust emission source strength Q of the ship under the condition of the minimum value of the optimization function f (Q); the optimization function f (q) is represented by the square of the difference between the simulated concentration value of gas diffusion and the actual concentration monitor value at a plurality of time instances.
In the above technical solution, the mobile ship exhaust emission diffusion model in step 6) is as follows:
6.1) carrying out condition assumption and constraint on ship emission and diffusion, and making the following condition assumptions when establishing a ship exhaust emission diffusion model based on a Gaussian model: (1) when the navigational speed of the ship is less than 1m/s, the atmospheric environment wind speed is more than 1 m/s; (2) in the diffusion simulation time step range of the ship, the exhaust gas discharged from a chimney port of the ship is continuous, stable and uniform (3) the influence of gravity and buoyancy is ignored in the diffusion simulation process, and any chemical reaction process is not considered in a diffusion model; (4) the diffused gas reaches the water surface and is totally reflected, and the water surface has no absorption function; (5) the diffusion model only considers the diffusion of the air mass towards the downwind direction and neglects the diffusion towards other directions;
6.2) establishing a function relation between an exhaust emission diffusion concentration distribution field and the parameters collected in the step 1) according to the candidate solution set with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship simulated in the step 5):
Ci(x',y',z',tn)＝f(x',y',z',Q,u,dw,T,ti,tn,Hs,Ts,Rs,Vs)
wherein, Ci(x',y',z',tn) Is at t of the shipiThe exhaust gas emitted at time instant is diffused to the fixed monitoring station position (x, y, z), at tnMass concentration at the moment; x is longitude, y is latitude, and z is elevation; t is tnThe value range of n is the effective starting point time and the effective end point time of the ship navigation;
6.3) according to the candidate solution set with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship simulated in the step 5), solutions in the solution set are sequentially brought into a mobile ship exhaust emission diffusion model in an iterative mode, the atmospheric pollutants emitted by the ship in an effective sailing track range are solved, and at t1,t2,t3......tnA plurality of sets of concentration values spread to the fixed monitoring site location (x, y, z) at a plurality of times.
In the above technical solution, the step 6.3) is specifically as follows:
the position (x, y, z) of the fixed monitoring station is influenced by the exhaust emission spread of the ship, and the position is at tnThe mass concentration at that time is denoted C (x, y, z, t)n) The concentration is that of the ship at t1,t2,t3......tnThe superposition of the n air masses generated at a time on the concentration contribution of the fixed monitoring station position (x, y, z) is as follows:
wherein according to step 4), (x ', y ', z ') is the transformation of the position (x, y, z) of the fixed monitoring station in the geodetic coordinate system into coordinates in the wind direction coordinate system.
In the above technical solution, in step 7): the optimization function f (Q) is formed by t1,t2,t3......tnThe square representation of the difference between the simulated gas diffusion concentration value and the actual concentration monitoring value at a plurality of moments is as follows:
wherein, C (x, y, z, t)i) For a vessel at t1,t2,t3......tiI lumps of smoke discharged at time tiThe sum of the gas concentrations diffused to the fixed monitoring station at each moment; obs (x, y, z, t)i) Station is monitored for fixation at tiAnd (4) actual monitoring data of gas concentration at the moment.
The sample gas collection controller collects and processes the atmospheric sample, and the atmospheric sample subjected to desalination and dehumidification is transmitted to the gas concentration analyzer through a pipeline to analyze the concentration of each component of atmospheric pollutants discharged by the ship. The box body loaded with the gas concentration monitoring sensor is used for protecting the gas concentration analyzer from the severe marine environment with high salt, high humidity and high temperature, and the detection precision of the gas concentration analyzer is ensured. The meteorological information collecting mechanism at least comprises a miniature meteorological monitor positioned on the upper part of the box body, the model used in the scheme is HY-WDS5, and the meteorological information collecting mechanism is used for collecting surrounding meteorological environment information comprising wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and pressure. The infrared thermal imaging temperature measuring instrument adopts an RS30-MAG32HT wireless infrared temperature measuring system, the temperature measuring range is 20-500 ℃, the distance range of the detectable ship is 0-4400m, and the emission temperature of a chimney opening of the ship is measured in real time.
According to the scheme, the gas concentration analyzer consists of three gas concentration detection modules of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide, wherein the sulfur dioxide detection module adopts a 450 i-type sulfur dioxide analyzer, and the range of the sulfur dioxide detection module is 0-250mg/m3Precision of 1 ppb; the carbon dioxide detection module adopts a 410i type carbon dioxide gas analyzerThe range of the process is 0-20ppm, and the precision is 1.0 percent of the monitoring concentration; the nitrogen oxide detection module adopts a 42i-TL type trace nitrogen oxide analyzer, the range of the measurement range is 0-1000ppb, and the precision is given as 1.0% of the monitoring concentration. Sample gas collection control ware is by a scalable to not co-altitude's gas collecting tube, and the highest extendible is to 15m, installs desalination dehumidification module in the gas collecting tube for get rid of the salinity and the moisture in the sample gas, and the sample gas after the processing transmits respectively to three gas concentration analysis appearance, detects gas concentration information through three spinal branch pipe.
According to the scheme, the automatic ship identification module adopts an AIS receiver for the ship with the model number of RS35-VHF and is used for collecting static information and navigation dynamic information of surrounding ships in real time, and the static information of the ship comprises a ship name, a ship call number, ship power equipment information, ship tonnage, ship length, ship width and draft information; the dynamic information of the ship navigation comprises the navigation speed, the course and the ship position information.
The invention also provides a ship emission traceability estimation method, which forms a fixed monitoring station on the shore base of the port water area by using the mobile ship exhaust emission traceability device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the ship exhaust emission related monitoring system module is integrated in one device, exhaust emitted by any ship along the shore can be monitored on site according to the requirements of different monitoring places and monitoring time, the concentration of the ship emission can be estimated according to monitoring concentration data and a matched mobile ship exhaust emission tracing method, and direct evidence is provided for a marine supervision department to find high-emission high-sulfur oil ships.
2. The strong traceability estimation of the exhaust emission source of the mobile ship in a certain area range is realized only by using a single shore-based fixed monitoring station, so that the investment cost of monitoring equipment is saved to a great extent, and the operating skill requirement of technicians is reduced; the method has the advantages of strong operability, high automation degree of the ship exhaust emission tracing method and easy realization.
3. The invention designs a small-scale exhaust emission diffusion simulation method for the mobile ship, and solves the problem of diffusion simulation by taking the ship as a fixed source in the prior art; by constructing a three-dimensional wind direction coordinate system, the navigation coordinate point of the mobile ship, the coordinate of a monitoring station and the atmospheric environment element coordinate are all represented in the same wind direction coordinate system, so that the concentration distribution condition that the waste gas discharged by any mobile ship is diffused to the surrounding environment in a small scale range under the complex meteorological condition is simulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile ship exhaust emission tracing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the tracing method for the exhaust emission of the mobile ship according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a hydrodynamic view of a ship discharging a plume according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the WGS-84 coordinate transformation of a mobile ship to a wind coordinate system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The mobile ship exhaust emission traceability device is arranged on the shore base of a port water area, or on the shore, or on a shore monitoring ship to form a fixed monitoring station, wherein the fixed monitoring station and a monitored ship are in a circumferential circular area with the range of 0-5km, namely the monitoring range of 0-5 km; as shown in fig. 1, the movable ship exhaust emission traceability device at least comprises a box body 5 and three parts arranged inside and outside the box body 5, namely a sample gas collection controller, a meteorological information collection mechanism and a ship automatic identification tracking mechanism;
wherein:
the sample gas collection controller is used for collecting, processing and analyzing the waste gas discharged by the ship in a long distance, so that the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere discharged by the ship can be monitored and analyzed in real time; the sample gas collection controller includes at least: the gas concentration analyzer is arranged in the box body 5 and comprises a sulfur dioxide detection module 6, a carbon dioxide detection module 7 and a nitrogen oxide detection module 8; one end of the telescopic gas collecting pipe 3 extends out of the box body 5 and can be separated from the box body 5; the desalting and dehumidifying module 12 is arranged in the gas collecting pipe 3 and is used for removing salt and moisture in the sample gas; and three branch pipes (a sulfur dioxide detection air inlet branch pipe 9, a carbon dioxide detection air inlet branch pipe 10 and a nitrogen oxide detection air inlet branch pipe 11) which are positioned in the box body 5 and correspond to the three modules of the gas concentration analyzer one by one, and the gas collecting pipe 3 is respectively connected with the three branch pipes.
The sample gas collection controller collects and processes the atmospheric sample, connects the gas collecting pipe 3 with the gas inlet of each gas concentration analyzer (sulfur dioxide detection module 6, carbon dioxide detection module 7, nitrogen oxide detection module 8), transmits the atmospheric sample after desalting and dehumidifying to the gas concentration analyzer, analyzes the concentration of each component atmospheric pollutant discharged by the ship: sulfur dioxide detects inlet branch 9 and conveys partial sample gas to sulfur dioxide detection module 6 for detect sulfur dioxide's concentration information, and carbon dioxide detects inlet branch 10 and conveys partial sample gas to carbon dioxide detection module 7, is used for detecting carbon dioxide's concentration information, and nitrogen oxide detects inlet branch 11 and conveys partial sample gas to nitrogen oxide detection module 8, is used for detecting nitrogen oxide's concentration information. The box body 5 is used for protecting the gas concentration analyzer from severe marine environments with high salt, high humidity and high temperature, and the detection precision of the gas concentration analyzer is ensured.
The meteorological information collecting mechanism 1 is preferably a miniature gas monitor which is small in size, light in weight and easy to install, is arranged at the top of the box body 5 and is used for collecting meteorological environment data near a fixed monitoring station and a monitored ship, and the meteorological environment data comprises wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and air pressure; the model used in the scheme is a miniature meteorological monitor HY-WDS5, and other types which are not mentioned can also be applied.
The automatic ship identification tracking mechanism is used for collecting static and dynamic ship information of water areas around the fixed monitoring station and tracking the emission temperature of a chimney opening of the monitored ship in real time; the system at least comprises an infrared thermal imaging temperature detector 4 and a ship automatic identification module 2 which are positioned in a box body 5; the infrared thermal imaging temperature measuring instrument 4 remotely measures the discharge temperature of the chimney opening of the ship in a real-time and non-contact manner; the automatic ship identification module is a ship AIS receiver 2 and is used for collecting static information and navigation dynamic information of surrounding ships in real time, wherein the static information of the ships comprises ship names, ship call numbers, ship power equipment information, ship tonnage, ship length, ship width and draft information; the dynamic information of the ship navigation comprises the navigation speed, the course and the ship position information.
Specifically, the collecting pipe 3 is formed by butt joint of two parts, one part is positioned at the upper part of the box body 5, the other part is positioned in the box body 5, and the two parts can be split; a part which is positioned at the upper part of the box body 5 and extends out of the box body 5 can be separated from the box body 5, manual expansion and contraction are supported to different heights for collecting gas, the expansion and contraction range is 1-15m, and after the gas collecting pipe 3 expands and contracts to a specified height, the gas collecting pipe is connected with the other part of gas collecting pipe ports in the box body 5 for collecting gas; the other part of the gas collecting pipes positioned inside the box body 5 is internally provided with a desalination and dehumidification module 12 for removing salt and moisture in the sample gas, and the processed sample gas is respectively transmitted to three detection modules of a gas concentration analyzer through three branch pipes to detect the gas concentration information. The desalination dehumidification module 12 is arranged in front of the branching point of the gas collecting pipe 3 and the three branch pipes.
And a miniature exhaust fan is arranged inside the gas collecting pipe 3 and on the upper part of the desalting and dehumidifying module 12, and an air outlet of the exhaust fan is connected with the desalting and dehumidifying module 12 to introduce air into the desalting and dehumidifying module 12.
According to the scheme, in the gas concentration analyzer, the sulfur dioxide detection module 6 adopts a 450 i-type sulfur dioxide analyzer, and the range of the sulfur dioxide detection module is 0-250mg/m3Precision of 1 ppb; the carbon dioxide detection module 7 adopts a 410i type carbon dioxide gas analyzer, the measuring range is 0-20ppm, and the precision is 1.0% of the monitoring concentration; the nitrogen oxide detection module 8 adopts a 42i-TL type trace nitrogen oxide analyzer, the range of measurement is 0-1000ppb, and the precision is given as 1.0% of the monitoring concentration.
According to the scheme, the automatic ship identification and tracking mechanism at least comprises an infrared thermal image thermometer 4 and an automatic ship identification module 2 which are positioned in a box body 5; the thermal infrared imager 4 preferably adopts a wireless infrared temperature measuring system, in the embodiment, the thermal infrared imager 4 adopts an RS30-MAG32HT wireless infrared temperature measuring system, the temperature measuring range is 20-500 ℃, the distance range of the detectable ship is 0-4400m, and the emission temperature of a chimney opening of the ship is measured in real time; the automatic ship identification module 2, namely the marine AIS receiver 2, adopts a marine AIS receiver with the model number of RS 35-VHF.
The invention also provides a ship emission traceability estimation method by adopting the mobile ship exhaust emission traceability device, which comprises the following steps:
1) determining the layout position of a fixed monitoring station, arranging a movable ship exhaust emission tracing device at the fixed monitoring station, and acquiring real-time monitoring concentration data of each component gas emitted by a ship;
2) collecting parameters, wherein the parameters comprise meteorological environment parameters, static information of a monitored ship, dynamic activity information of the monitored ship and gas concentration monitoring information of a fixed monitoring station, the meteorological environment parameters comprise wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and air pressure, the static information of the ship comprises ship name, call sign, host power, auxiliary power, chimney height, chimney radius and chimney port average emission temperature, the dynamic activity information of the ship comprises course, navigation speed and position information, and the gas concentration monitoring information comprises sulfur dioxide concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration;
3) determining a starting point and an end point of an effective ship navigation track, and setting the starting point time of navigation as 0 and the end point time as n;
4) establishing a wind direction coordinate system, constructing a wind direction coordinate system which takes a ship navigation track point as a coordinate origin, takes the following wind direction as an x axis and takes the transverse wind direction as a y axis, and converting the coordinates of the fixed monitoring station from a geodetic coordinate system to the wind direction coordinate system;
5) simulating a candidate solution set with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship, namely simulating the exhaust emission concentration of the ship and the three-dimensional space coordinate position of the exhaust emission source of the ship, and determining the candidate solution set so as to further determine an optimal solution in the candidate solution set;
6) establishing a functional relation between the exhaust emission diffusion concentration distribution field and the parameters collected in the step 1) based on a Gaussian smoke mass diffusion model, and establishing a mobile ship exhaust emission diffusion model.
7) Comparing a plurality of groups of simulated concentration values with the actual monitored concentration value of the monitoring station within the candidate solution set range in the step 5), and determining the closest simulated concentration value as the optimal solution with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship; establishing an optimization function f (Q) for solving the optimal solution of the exhaust emission source strength of the mobile ship, and solving the optimal solution of the exhaust emission source strength Q of the ship under the condition of the minimum value of the optimization function f (Q); the optimization function f (q) is represented by the square of the difference between the simulated concentration value of gas diffusion and the actual concentration monitor value at a plurality of time instances.
In the above technical solution, the mobile ship exhaust emission diffusion model in step 6) is as follows:
6.1) carrying out conditional hypothesis and constraint on ship emission and diffusion, when the pollutant diffusion simulation of actual ship chimney mouth emission, because of the influence of environmental factor, the cigarette group is gradually diffused along downwind direction, and pollutant concentration constantly descends along with time lapse. When a ship exhaust emission diffusion model is established based on a Gaussian model, the following condition assumptions are made: (1) when the ship is in a moving state, the sailing speed of the ship is not less than 1m/s, and when the ship is in a static state, the wind speed is not less than 1 m/s. Namely, when the navigational speed of the ship is less than 1m/s, the atmospheric ambient wind speed is more than 1 m/s. (2) In the range of the diffusion simulation time step length of the ship, the exhaust gas discharged from the chimney opening of the ship is continuous, stable and uniform. (3) The influence of gravity and buoyancy is neglected in the diffusion simulation process, and any chemical reaction process is not considered in the diffusion model. (4) The diffused gas is totally reflected by reaching the water surface, which has no absorption. (5) The diffusion model only considers the diffusion of the air mass towards the downwind direction and neglects the diffusion towards other directions;
6.2) establishing a function relation between an exhaust emission diffusion concentration distribution field and the parameters collected in the step 1) according to the candidate solution set with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship simulated in the step 5):
Ci(x',y',z',tn)＝f(x',y',z',Q,u,dw,T,ti,tn,Hs,Ts,Rs,Vs)
wherein, Ci(x',y',z',tn) Is a shiptiThe exhaust gas emitted at time instant is diffused to the fixed monitoring station position (x, y, z), at tnMass concentration at the moment; x is longitude, y is latitude, and z is elevation; t is tnThe value range of n is the effective starting point time and the effective end point time of the ship navigation;
6.3) according to the candidate solution set with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship simulated in the step 5), solutions in the solution set are sequentially brought into a mobile ship exhaust emission diffusion model in an iterative mode, the atmospheric pollutants emitted by the ship in an effective sailing track range are solved, and at t1,t2,t3......tnA plurality of sets of concentration values spread to the fixed monitoring site location (x, y, z) at a plurality of times.
In the above technical solution, the step 6.3) is specifically as follows:
the position (x, y, z) of the fixed monitoring station is influenced by the exhaust emission spread of the ship, and the position is at tnThe mass concentration at that time is denoted C (x, y, z, t)n) The concentration is that of the ship at t1,t2,t3......tnThe superposition of the n air masses generated at a time on the concentration contribution of the fixed monitoring station position (x, y, z) is as follows:
wherein according to step 4), (x ', y ', z ') is the transformation of the position (x, y, z) of the fixed monitoring station in the geodetic coordinate system into coordinates in the wind direction coordinate system.
In the above technical solution, in step 7): the optimization function f (Q) is formed by t1,t2,t3......tnThe square representation of the difference between the simulated gas diffusion concentration value and the actual concentration monitoring value at a plurality of moments is as follows:
wherein, C (x, y, z, t)i) For a vessel at t1,t2,t3......tiI lumps of smoke discharged at time tiThe sum of the gas concentrations diffused to the fixed monitoring station at each moment; obs (x, y, z, t)i) Station is monitored for fixation at tiAnd (4) actual monitoring data of gas concentration at the moment.
Fig. 3 is a hydrodynamic diagram of the ship discharging the smoke mass, the smoke mass is diffused downwards by the atmosphere after being discharged from the chimney port of the ship, the density of the smoke mass is gradually reduced, and the volume of the smoke mass is gradually increased. The tobacco mass is lifted to the height HeIs the sum of the height H of the chimney and the height ah at which the mass of tobacco is lifted.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention for converting geodetic coordinates of a mobile ship into a wind coordinate system, t1......tnFor the range of time of flight of the vessel, dwFor the wind direction, the coordinates of the spatial point of the concentration to be calculated need to be converted from a geodetic coordinate system a (x, y) into a coordinate point with the ship as the origin, the lower wind direction as the positive direction of the x axis and the transverse wind direction as the y axis, i.e. into a (x ', y') in fig. 4, so as to realize the diffusion concentration spatial distribution simulation of the atmospheric pollutants discharged by the ship and the tracing of the concentration and the position of the atmospheric pollutants discharged by the ship.
The undescribed parts of the present invention are the same as or implemented using prior art.
It should be noted that, according to the implementation requirement, each step/component described in the present application can be divided into more steps/components, and two or more steps/components or partial operations of the steps/components can be combined into new steps/components to achieve the purpose of the present invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A tracing method for exhaust emission of a mobile ship is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining the layout position of a fixed monitoring station, arranging a movable ship exhaust emission tracing device at a shore-based fixed monitoring station, and acquiring real-time monitoring concentration data of each component gas emitted by a ship;
2) collecting parameters, wherein the parameters comprise meteorological environment parameters, static information of a monitored ship, dynamic activity information of the monitored ship and gas concentration monitoring information of a fixed monitoring station, the meteorological environment parameters comprise wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and air pressure, the static information of the ship comprises ship name, call sign, host power, auxiliary power, chimney height, chimney radius and chimney port average emission temperature, the dynamic activity information of the ship comprises course, navigation speed and position information, and the gas concentration monitoring information comprises sulfur dioxide concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration;
3) determining a starting point and an end point of an effective ship navigation track, and setting the starting point time of navigation as 0 and the end point time as n;
4) establishing a wind direction coordinate system, constructing a wind direction coordinate system which takes a ship navigation track point as a coordinate origin, takes the following wind direction as an x axis and takes the transverse wind direction as a y axis, and converting the coordinates of the fixed monitoring station from a geodetic coordinate system to the wind direction coordinate system;
5) simulating a candidate solution set with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship, namely simulating the exhaust emission concentration of the ship and the three-dimensional space coordinate position of the exhaust emission source of the ship, and determining the candidate solution set so as to further determine an optimal solution in the candidate solution set;
6) establishing a functional relation between an exhaust emission diffusion concentration distribution field and the parameters acquired in the step 1) based on a Gaussian smoke mass diffusion model, and establishing a mobile ship exhaust emission diffusion model; the mobile ship exhaust emission diffusion model comprises the following steps:
6.1) carrying out condition assumption and constraint on ship emission and diffusion, and making the following condition assumptions when establishing a ship exhaust emission diffusion model based on a Gaussian model: (1) when the navigational speed of the ship is less than 1m/s, the atmospheric environment wind speed is more than 1 m/s; (2) in the diffusion simulation time step range of the ship, the exhaust gas discharged from a chimney port of the ship is continuous, stable and uniform (3) the influence of gravity and buoyancy is ignored in the diffusion simulation process, and any chemical reaction process is not considered in a diffusion model; (4) the diffused gas reaches the water surface and is totally reflected, and the water surface has no absorption function; (5) the diffusion model only considers the diffusion of the air mass towards the downwind direction and neglects the diffusion towards other directions;
6.2) establishing a function relation between an exhaust emission diffusion concentration distribution field and the parameters collected in the step 1) according to the candidate solution set with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship simulated in the step 5):
Ci(x',y',z',tn)＝f(x',y',z',Q,u,dw,T,ti,tn,Hs,Ts,Rs,Vs)
wherein, Ci(x',y',z',tn) Is at t of the shipiThe exhaust gas emitted at time instant is diffused to the fixed monitoring station position (x, y, z), at tnMass concentration at the moment; x is longitude, y is latitude, and z is elevation; t is tnThe value range of n is the effective starting point time and the effective end point time of the ship navigation;
6.3) according to the candidate solution set with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship simulated in the step 5), solutions in the solution set are sequentially brought into a mobile ship exhaust emission diffusion model in an iterative mode, the atmospheric pollutants emitted by the ship in an effective sailing track range are solved, and at t1,t2,t3......tnA plurality of sets of concentration values spread to the fixed monitoring site location (x, y, z) at a plurality of times;
7) comparing a plurality of groups of simulated concentration values with the actual monitored concentration value of the monitoring station within the candidate solution set range in the step 5), and determining the closest simulated concentration value as the optimal solution with strong exhaust emission source of the mobile ship; establishing an optimization function f (Q) for solving the optimal solution of the exhaust emission source strength of the mobile ship, and solving the optimal solution of the exhaust emission source strength Q of the ship under the condition of the minimum value of the optimization function f (Q); an optimization function f (q) is represented by the square of the difference between the simulated concentration value of gas diffusion and the monitored value of actual concentration at a plurality of time instants;
step 7), the following steps: the optimization function f (Q) is formed by t1,t2,t3......tnThe square representation of the difference between the simulated gas diffusion concentration value and the actual concentration monitoring value at a plurality of moments is as follows:
wherein, C (x, y, z, t)i) For a vessel at t1,t2,t3......tiI lumps of smoke discharged at time tiThe sum of the gas concentrations diffused to the fixed monitoring station at each moment; obs (x, y, z, t)i) Station is monitored for fixation at tiAnd (4) actual monitoring data of gas concentration at the moment.
2. The method for tracing the exhaust emission of a mobile ship according to claim 1, wherein: adopt the exhaust emission of the removal boats and ships device of tracing to the source to go on, the exhaust emission of the removal boats and ships device of tracing to the source includes at least:
sealing the box body;
the sample gas collection controller is connected with the outside through a gas collecting pipe extending out of the box body and is used for collecting, processing and analyzing the waste gas discharged by the monitored ship in a long distance, so that the concentration of the atmospheric pollutants discharged by the ship can be monitored and analyzed in real time;
the meteorological information collecting mechanism is arranged at the top of the box body and is used for collecting the mobile ship exhaust emission traceability device and meteorological environment data near the monitored ship, and the meteorological environment data comprises wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and air pressure;
the automatic ship identification and tracking mechanism is arranged in the box body and used for collecting static information and dynamic information of ships in water areas around the movable ship exhaust emission tracing device and tracking and monitoring the emission temperature of a ship chimney opening in real time.
3. The method for tracing the exhaust emission of a mobile ship according to claim 2, wherein: the sample gas collection controller includes at least:
the gas concentration analyzer is arranged in the box body and comprises a sulfur dioxide detection module, a carbon dioxide detection module and a nitrogen oxide detection module;
one end of the telescopic gas collecting pipe extends out of the box body and can be separated from the box body;
the desalting and dehumidifying module is arranged in the gas collecting pipe and is used for removing salt and moisture in the sample gas; and the gas collecting pipe is connected with the three branch pipes respectively.
4. The method for tracing the exhaust emission of a mobile ship according to claim 3, wherein: the collecting pipe of the sample gas collecting controller is formed by butt joint of two parts, one part is positioned at the upper part of the box body, and the other part is positioned in the box body; the part which is positioned at the upper part of the box body and extends out of the box body can be separated from the box body, and the part can be manually stretched to different heights to collect gas; and a desalting and dehumidifying module is arranged in the other part of the gas collecting pipe in the box body and is arranged in front of the bifurcation point of the gas collecting pipe and the three branch pipes.
5. The method for tracing the exhaust emission of a mobile ship according to claim 4, wherein: and the air outlet of the exhaust fan is connected with the desalting and dehumidifying module to introduce air into the desalting and dehumidifying module.
6. The method for tracing the exhaust emission of a mobile ship according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: three modules in the gas concentration analyzer are respectively a sulfur dioxide detection module, a carbon dioxide detection module and a nitrogen oxide detection module.
7. The method for tracing the exhaust emission of a mobile ship according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the automatic ship identification and tracking mechanism at least comprises an infrared thermal image thermometer and an automatic ship identification module which are positioned in the box body; the infrared thermal imaging temperature measuring instrument remotely measures the discharge temperature of a ship chimney opening in a real-time and non-contact manner; the automatic ship identification module is a ship AIS receiver and is used for collecting static information and navigation dynamic information of surrounding ships in real time, wherein the static information of the ships comprises ship names, ship call numbers, ship power equipment information, ship tonnage, ship length, ship width and draft information; the dynamic information of the ship navigation comprises the navigation speed, the course and the ship position information.
8. The vessel emission tracing method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein step 6.3) is as follows:
the position (x, y, z) of the fixed monitoring station is influenced by the exhaust emission spread of the ship, and the position is at tnThe mass concentration at that time is denoted C (x, y, z, t)n) The concentration is that of the ship at t1,t2,t3......tnThe superposition of the n air masses generated at a time on the concentration contribution of the fixed monitoring station position (x, y, z) is as follows:
wherein according to step 4), (x ', y ', z ') is the transformation of the position (x, y, z) of the fixed monitoring station in the geodetic coordinate system into coordinates in the wind direction coordinate system.
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| CN111811572A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-23 | 江苏奥畋工程科技有限公司 | Ship exhaust emission real-time monitoring method based on big data |
| CN111899564B (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2022-03-08 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Method for monitoring AIS (automatic identification system) illegal closing behavior of ship |
| CN114184769A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-15 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 | Ship monitoring system and ship monitoring method |
| CN113052042B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-04-18 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所 | Pollutant emission source monitoring device and method |
| CN113125683B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-10-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Marine fuel oil sulfur content mobile monitoring device and method |
| CN113669139A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-19 | 滨州职业学院 | Marine exhaust gas discharge device and discharge method thereof |
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| CN114324342A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 苏州工图智能科技有限公司 | Ship tail gas pollution monitoring device and monitoring method |
| CN114324228B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2024-02-23 | 河南省中纬测绘规划信息工程有限公司 | Carbon emission monitoring system and method |
| CN115032338B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-03-21 | 武汉理工大学 | A method and system for site selection of monitoring stations for air pollutant discharge from ships in ports |
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| CN208847544U (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-05-10 | 武汉尼维智能科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent device of tracing to the source of marine exhaust discharge |
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