CN111216593B

CN111216593B - New energy vehicle, power supply control method and storage medium

Info

Publication number: CN111216593B
Application number: CN202010132163.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张凯
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-02-29
Filing date: 2020-02-29
Publication date: 2021-09-24
Anticipated expiration: 2040-02-29
Also published as: CN111216593A

Abstract

A new energy vehicle, a power supply control method and a storage medium belong to the technical field of new energy vehicles. Including well accuse module, power management module and battery array, power management module links to each other with well accuse module, its characterized in that: the battery adapter module and the voltage acquisition module which correspond to the battery modules in the battery array are arranged and are connected with the power management module; the power management module is provided with an electric quantity acquisition module and a temperature acquisition module, and the output ends of the electric quantity acquisition module and the temperature acquisition module are connected with the power management module; the temperature adjusting module is connected with the battery array, and the power management module is in bidirectional connection with the temperature adjusting module to adjust the temperature of the battery array. In the application, the idea of balancing the original series batteries to control the voltages or the capacities of the batteries to be consistent is abandoned, the waste of capacity energy and power loss caused by balancing is eliminated, and the self-adaptive power supply of the new energy vehicle is realized.

Description

New energy vehicle, power supply control method and storage medium

Technical Field

A new energy vehicle, a power supply control method and a storage medium belong to the technical field of new energy vehicles. In particular to a new energy vehicle, a power supply control method of the new energy vehicle and a storage medium of the power supply control method.

Background

At present, energy conservation and emission reduction and low-carbon economy development are emphasized in many countries, and as the new energy vehicles adopt an electric drive technology, the emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced, even zero emission is realized, so that the new energy vehicles are emphasized and rapidly developed by various countries, and the new energy vehicles such as electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and electric bicycles become important transportation tools. For electric-driven vehicles, endurance is the most concerned problem at present, battery technology is one of the most important factors affecting electric vehicles, with the continuous development of battery technology, lithium ion batteries are widely applied to new energy vehicles as driving energy carriers because of their numerous advantages of high working voltage, high mass density, small volume, light weight, long cycle life and the like, and in order to meet the requirements of rapid charging and endurance mileage and vehicle kinetic energy under working conditions of climbing, acceleration and the like, power batteries must have large-rate discharge, high-power output and large capacity, and usually adopt iron phosphate lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries and the like which can discharge at large rate. When the battery is actually used, the following defects exist:

(1) because the voltage and the power storage capacity of the single battery are low, a plurality of single batteries are generally connected in series and in parallel to form a battery pack for use. However, batteries have a "tub effect" when used in series, i.e., the lowest capacity and energy battery in the battery pack determines the overall capacity and energy capacity. The serial batteries can fully play the performance of each battery connected in series until the voltage, the capacity and the internal resistance of the batteries are consistent, and are the core elements for determining the long-term working performance of the battery pack. The core element has good consistency, and the batteries connected in series are required to be strictly screened, so that the cost is high.

In practice, due to the limitation of the manufacturing process of the battery and the influence of temperature, discharge rate and the like on the battery in the use process, the difference of voltage, internal resistance, capacity and the like exists among the battery monomers in the battery pack, and the difference becomes more obvious after the battery pack is cycled for many times, so that the phenomenon of over-charging or over-discharging of part of the battery monomers occurs, and the service life of the series battery pack is much shorter than the average service life of the monomers. A tandem battery pack is generally one in which the performance of one of the cells in the tandem decreases, resulting in a loss of overall cell performance.

At present, the power battery pack of a new energy vehicle is high in manufacturing cost, and the weight of a battery of an electric vehicle with the endurance mileage of more than 300 kilometers is more than 500 kilograms, while the cost for replacing the battery is nearly 10 ten thousand yuan. It is known that the cost of the battery of the new energy vehicle is about half to two thirds of the total vehicle cost, for example, the cost of replacing the battery is 9.5 ten thousand yuan, which is more than half of the vehicle purchase price, for the Rongwei 550 plug-in hybrid vehicle. Both endurance and battery cycle life are critical to the user and vehicle manufacturer. Key factors affecting endurance and battery cycle life: the "barrel effect" and the temperature of the batteries in series.

At present, the difference of single batteries of the power battery pack is reduced by an equalization technology, and the core control thought of the power battery pack enables the voltage or the capacity of each battery in the battery pack to be kept consistent. Voltage equalization control is usually performed by adopting passive equalization or active equalization, and the passive equalization discharges overhigh batteries in the battery pack through a bleeder resistor, so that a large amount of heat can be generated, not only is electric energy wasted, but also the temperature of the battery pack is increased, the service life of the batteries and the safe output power are influenced, and even safety accidents can be caused; the active equalization is used for discharging and converting a high-voltage battery through flyback conversion and other modes, then charging a low-voltage battery or battery pack, and then directly charging a standby energy storage battery, a multi-stage power supply conversion circuit is needed, the efficiency is low, the design is complex, and the cost is high.

At present, a balance control strategy still mainly adopts voltage-sharing control, but the difference of the terminal voltage of the batteries cannot accurately describe the internal inconsistency among the batteries, and particularly for a use scene of high-rate discharge of an electric vehicle, the voltage caused by the poor internal resistance of a single battery changes greatly along with the load, so that the consistency among the battery groups cannot be really improved by the terminal voltage-based balance, which is a main technical bottleneck causing poor balance effect. The service life of the series battery pack in actual use is much shorter than the average service life of the single batteries.

In the current battery scheme, the capacity expansion of batteries needs to increase the same capacity of batteries connected in series, the volume is synchronously increased, the design difficulty and the cost are increased, and the effective space in a product cannot be fully utilized. The battery is completely built-in, a professional organization is required for disassembling and replacing the battery, a common user is difficult to replace the battery, and the service life of the battery is particularly important for the user.

As shown in fig. 15 to 16, the internal resistance of the battery and the chemical property of the electrolyte change with the load current and temperature, which results in the change of the output voltage, the output energy, and the output capacity of the battery. Fig. 15 to 16 show the variation relationship between the discharge voltage, the discharge duration and the discharge capacity of the corresponding current at the corresponding preset temperature for several batteries, so as to illustrate the difference between the battery working performances at different temperatures and different currents, which is likely to affect the endurance time of the new energy vehicle and the deviation of the electric quantity evaluation and measurement, and affect the use experience.

(2) The performance of the battery has temperature sensitive characteristics, particularly for a lithium battery, the aging of the battery is accelerated and even burning occurs due to overhigh temperature; when the temperature is too low, particularly below 0 ℃, the impedance and internal resistance of the electrolyte of the lithium battery are increased, so that the output voltage is reduced when the high-rate discharge is carried out, the discharge capacity and the discharge energy are rapidly reduced, and the endurance mileage in winter is seriously reduced. When the temperature is below 0 ℃, due to the reduction of the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, ohmic polarization, concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization are increased if charging is carried out, so that metal lithium is deposited, the electrolyte is decomposed, the service life of the battery is damaged, and even the battery is scrapped or safety accidents are caused.

As shown in fig. 17 to 20, the discharge voltage and the discharge capacity of the battery decrease with temperature, and in particular, decrease rapidly below 0 ℃, and only about 50% of electricity can be discharged at-20 ℃, which seriously affects the endurance of the new energy vehicle; at the temperature below 0 ℃, because the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is reduced, ohmic polarization, concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization are increased if charging is carried out, so that metal lithium is deposited, the electrolyte is decomposed, the service life of the battery is damaged, and lithium dendrite is precipitated and separated out on the surface of a negative electrode when the battery is serious, so that the battery is easy to puncture a diaphragm to cause short circuit in the battery, and the battery is scrapped or safety accidents are caused. When the battery is at a high temperature of more than 45 ℃, the charging and discharging power is halved for safety, otherwise, the temperature rise is too fast, and the faults of explosion, spontaneous combustion and the like are caused. In general, the efficient operating temperature range of lithium batteries is 20 ℃ to 35 ℃, and charging is usually prohibited at temperatures below 0 ℃ and above 60 ℃.

Meanwhile, the battery capacity of the battery in a high-temperature environment is rapidly reduced along with charge and discharge cycles, the high-temperature cycle is completed at 1100cyc, the capacity retention rate is about 73%, and the reduction is irreversible damage. New energy vehicles are used outdoors, and battery performance faces serious challenges in the summer and winter in northern areas or in tropical and cold areas.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the new energy vehicle, the power supply control method and the storage medium are provided.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: this new energy vehicle, including the battery array that well accuse module, power management module and a plurality of battery module in the vehicle are constituteed, power management module links to each other with well accuse module, and power management module's output is the power output end of vehicle, its characterized in that: the battery adapter module is arranged corresponding to the battery module, the battery module is connected with the battery adapter module, and the battery adapter module is connected with the power management module; the battery management system is provided with a voltage acquisition module corresponding to the battery module, the voltage acquisition module is connected with the corresponding battery module and acquires the operating voltage of the corresponding battery module, and the voltage acquisition module is connected with the power management module; the battery pack is provided with an electric quantity acquisition module connected with the battery adaptation module and a temperature acquisition module connected with the battery array, and the output ends of the electric quantity acquisition module and the temperature acquisition module are connected with the power management module.

Preferably, the battery adapter modules are connected in series; the battery adaptation module comprises an adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply, an output positive electrode of the adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply is simultaneously connected with a positive electrode of the battery module, and an output negative electrode of the adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply is simultaneously connected with a negative electrode of the battery module.

Preferably, each of the battery modules comprises a single battery or a plurality of batteries connected in series or/and in parallel, and a memory for storing battery parameters is further disposed in the battery module.

Preferably, the battery adapter module corresponds to any two adjacent battery modules, and the battery adapter module is connected with the corresponding two battery modules in a time-sharing manner through a switch; or the battery adaptation modules correspond to the battery modules one to one.

Preferably, the temperature adjusting module connected with the battery array is further arranged, and the power management module is in bidirectional connection with the temperature adjusting module to adjust the temperature of the battery array.

A power supply control method of a new energy vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises a power supply process, a charging process and a discharging process.

Preferably, the power supply process includes the following steps:

1001, acquiring rated capacity, rated energy and performance attributes of the single battery module;

the performance attribute refers to a change characteristic relation among the voltage, the residual electric quantity and the residual charge-discharge time length of the battery module, which is caused by the change of the battery charging or discharging along with the time, of the battery module under the conditions of preset battery capacity, preset battery energy, preset charge-discharge cutoff voltage, preset charge-discharge cutoff current, preset charge-discharge cycle times, preset charge-discharge current and preset temperature;

step 1002, acquiring a power supply load parameter of the new energy vehicle;

the power management module respectively collects and detects the voltage of a single battery module in the plurality of battery modules which are connected in series through the voltage collection module; acquiring total working parameters and temperatures of the plurality of battery modules after series connection, wherein the working parameters comprise: charge-discharge voltage, charge-discharge current, charge-discharge capacity, charge-discharge energy and charge-discharge time;

step 1003, the power management module acquires the working temperature of the battery array according to the temperature acquisition module, judges whether the working temperature exceeds an upper limit value or a lower limit value of a preset temperature, and if the working temperature exceeds the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the preset temperature, the temperature of the battery array needs to be reduced or increased through the temperature regulation module;

step 1004, determining working parameters and residual capacity of the battery module;

step 1005, determining a charging power or a discharging power for the battery module and an adaptation compensation for the battery module.

Preferably, the charging process includes the following steps:

step 2001, acquiring preset working parameters;

step 2002, acquiring power supply load parameters of the new energy vehicle, total working parameters of the battery pack, working numbers of each battery module, cycle times of the battery modules and temperature in real time, and storing data;

step 2003, the power management module judges whether charging can be carried out according to the temperature collected by the temperature collection module, if so, step 2005 is executed, and if not, step 2004 is executed;

step 2004, the power management module controls the temperature adjusting module to adjust the temperature of the battery array, and the step 2002 is returned to;

step 2005, the power management module controls an external charging power supply to charge the battery modules in the battery array;

step 2006, the power management module judges whether to continue temperature adjustment, if so, step 2008 is executed, otherwise, step 2007 is executed;

2007, the power management module controls the temperature adjusting module to close temperature adjustment;

step 2008, the power supply management module calculates temperature control adjusting power and charging power according to the operation parameters and controls output;

step 2009, calculating to obtain a compensation value of each battery module, and controlling output;

step 2010, the power management module judges whether the charging is abnormal, if so, step 2011 is executed, otherwise, step 2012 is executed;

step 2011, charging abnormity processing is performed, and charging abnormity alarming is performed;

step 2012, correcting the electric quantity and the remaining charging time;

step 2013, the power management module judges whether the charging is finished, if so, step 2014 is executed, otherwise, step 2015 is executed;

step 2014, the power management module controls to stop charging;

step 2015, judging the health condition of the battery, and correcting the charging performance;

and the power management module verifies and corrects the pre-stored charging performance attribute of the battery module according to the actually measured working parameters of each single battery module, and judges the health condition of the battery module.

Preferably, the discharging process comprises the following steps:

step 3001, obtaining preset working parameters;

step 3002, acquiring power supply load parameters of the new energy vehicle, total working parameters of the battery pack, working number of each battery module, cycle number of the battery modules and temperature in real time, and storing data;

step 3003, the power management module determines whether to continue temperature adjustment, if so, step 3005 is executed, otherwise step 3004 is executed;

step 3004, the power management module controls the temperature adjustment module to close temperature adjustment;

step 3005, the power management module calculates temperature-controlled power according to the operating parameters and controls the output;

step 3006, calculating to obtain compensation values of each battery module, and controlling output;

step 3007, the power management module determines whether the discharge is abnormal, if so, step 3008 is executed, otherwise, step 3009 is executed;

step 3008, alarm of abnormal discharge;

step 3009, correcting the electric quantity and the residual discharge time, and estimating the driving mileage;

3010, the power management module determines whether it is in low power running state, if it is, executes 3011, otherwise executes 3012;

step 3011, perform low battery operation prompt;

step 3012, the power management module verifies and corrects the pre-stored charging performance attributes of the battery modules according to the actually measured operating parameters of each single battery module, and determines the health status of the battery modules.

A storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium has stored therein a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a power supply control method.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. in the application, the battery adaptation module is arranged, the original thought that the series batteries are balanced to control the voltages or the capacities of the batteries to be consistent is abandoned, the waste of capacity energy and power loss caused by balance is eliminated, the real-time accurate compensation of the series batteries in each working state is realized according to the residual electric quantity of each battery module, and the self-adaptive power supply of the new energy vehicle is realized.

2. The wooden barrel effect of the batteries connected in series is broken, so that the battery modules can be used for more people, and the batteries connected in series are fully and efficiently utilized. The problem that the performance of the whole battery pack is attenuated and the service life of the battery pack is damaged due to the wooden barrel effect of the series-connected batteries is solved, the series-connected batteries are fully and efficiently protected under various use conditions, and the series-connected batteries are ensured to be in the optimal working state.

3. The battery module with different rated capacities and performance attributes, which is required to be connected in series according to the structural design of the new energy vehicle, can be used for increasing the overall capacity of the battery pack, the cruising ability of the new energy vehicle, the service life of the battery and the quality of the battery are improved, the design difficulty of the new energy vehicle is reduced, the difficulty and the cost of screening the series-connected battery are reduced, the single battery modules are separated, the battery modules are not required to be strictly matched, the battery modules can be matched and replaced at any time.

4. The new battery module performance attribute relationship is corrected by collecting and determining the working parameters of each battery module in real time, and the battery adaptation module performance attribute is combined, so that the overcurrent, overshoot and overdischarge of the battery are avoided, and the accuracy of the endurance time and the charging deadline of the new energy vehicle is improved.

5. Through the battery adaptation modules arranged in the one-to-one correspondence of the battery modules, the protection and the charge and discharge control of a single battery module in the battery array are realized.

6. The battery adapter module is connected with the battery module through the controllable switch, and when the battery module works abnormally, the battery adapter module is disconnected with the battery module through the controllable switch.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a new energy vehicle power supply system according to embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a new energy vehicle battery adapter module according to embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a new energy vehicle battery module.

FIGS. 4 to 7 are schematic circuit diagrams of a new energy vehicle power supply system.

Fig. 8 is a flow chart of a power supply control method of the new energy vehicle.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a charging work flow of a power supply control method of a new energy vehicle.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a discharging work flow of a power supply control method of a new energy vehicle.

Fig. 11 is a schematic block diagram of a power supply system of a new energy vehicle according to embodiment 2.

Fig. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a power supply system of a new energy vehicle according to embodiment 3.

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of a temperature regulation module of a power supply system of a new energy vehicle according to embodiment 4.

FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of a battery adaption module of a power supply system of a new energy vehicle according to embodiment 5.

Fig. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between discharge voltage and discharge duration of lithium batteries at the same temperature and different load currents.

Fig. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between discharge voltage and discharge capacity of lithium batteries at the same temperature and different load currents.

Fig. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the discharge capacity of the lithium battery at different temperatures and under the same load current.

Fig. 18 is a graph of the charge cutoff voltage of a lithium battery cell versus the number of charge cycles.

Fig. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the cycle number and the capacity of a lithium battery at normal temperature.

Fig. 20 is a graph of battery cycle number versus capacity for a lithium battery at high temperatures.

The above drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are a part of this application, and the description of the illustrative embodiments and the description of the application are provided to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 to 10 illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 20.

In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail. The battery module can be understood as a single battery that can be abstracted as one rated property (rated voltage and rated capacity).

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, the present application is described by taking an electric vehicle as an example, and the electric vehicle includes a battery array composed of a plurality of battery modules, each of the battery modules includes a single battery or a plurality of batteries connected in series or/and in parallel, and the battery may be any type of rechargeable battery such as a lithium battery, a lead-acid battery, and the like, and is described by taking a lithium battery as an example in the present application. The battery pack power supply system is provided with a power supply system connected with a battery array, the power supply system comprises voltage acquisition modules and battery adaptation modules, the voltage acquisition modules correspond to the battery modules one to one, each voltage acquisition module acquires real-time voltage of the corresponding battery module, all the voltage acquisition modules are connected with a power management module, and the voltage of each battery module is sent to the power management module.

In this embodiment, the output anodes and the output cathodes of all the battery adaptation modules are sequentially connected in series, the battery adaptation modules are connected in parallel with the corresponding battery modules, and the output anodes and the output cathodes of the battery adaptation modules are respectively connected with the output anodes and the output cathodes of the battery modules. In this embodiment, the battery modules in the battery array are independent of each other, and are connected in series through their corresponding battery adapter modules. The power supply system is also provided with an electric quantity acquisition module, a temperature acquisition module and a temperature regulation module, wherein the acquisition end of the electric quantity acquisition module is connected in series in the power supply loop, and the output end of the electric quantity acquisition module is connected with the input end of the power supply management module; the acquisition end of the temperature acquisition module is connected into the battery array and used for detecting the working temperature of the battery array, and the output end of the temperature acquisition module is connected with the power management module; the temperature adjusting module is connected with the power management module in a two-way mode and adjusts the working temperature of the battery array. The output end of the power management module is used as the power output end of the electric automobile to provide energy for the work of the automobile.

The voltage acquisition module can be realized by a differential amplifier method, a voltage division method or a mechanical relay and the like which are commonly used in the field. The electric quantity acquisition module is connected with the plurality of battery adaptation modules in series, working parameters of the battery modules are acquired through the battery adaptation modules, the electric quantity acquisition module can be realized through methods such as coulometer and open circuit voltage prediction (OCV) detection and shunt detection which are common in the field, and the working parameters acquired by the electric quantity acquisition module comprise: charge and discharge voltage, charge and discharge current, charge and discharge capacity, charge and discharge energy and charge and discharge time. The temperature acquisition module can be realized by adopting schemes such as an NCT thermistor, a thermal resistor or a temperature sensing integrated circuit, and the temperature acquisition module is connected with the plurality of battery modules and is used for acquiring the temperatures of the plurality of battery modules in real time.

The central control module of the electric automobile is connected with the power management module and used for receiving the reported power parameters and the issued power management instructions of the power management module, prompting or warning the information and the abnormity of the new energy vehicle to a user, and receiving the interaction control of the user and the interaction of the remote information and the control of the new energy vehicle.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the battery adapter module includes an adjustable constant voltage and constant current power supply, and the adjustable constant voltage and constant current power supply is connected in parallel with the corresponding battery module. The adjustable voltage circuit can be realized by a high-power DCDC adjustable voltage circuit or an IGBT voltage regulating circuit, and the adjustable constant current circuit can be realized by a high-power constant current circuit.

When adaptive compensation is implemented, the battery module is equivalent to a virtual battery which is connected with an adjustable voltage and an adjustable electric current in parallel during discharging, and part of output energy of the battery pack is converted into virtual battery energy to compensate performance attribute difference during discharging of a single battery module. The battery module is equivalent to a charger for compensating an adjustable voltage and an adjustable current when the battery module is charged, and the performance attribute difference of a single battery module during charging is compensated. In the application, the battery adapter module can be provided with the fuel gauge circuit independently, and the working parameters of the corresponding single battery module can be directly collected.

As shown in fig. 3, besides the battery, the battery module is further provided with a memory chip in each battery module for storing information of the battery in the battery module, such as battery module performance attributes, battery module rated capacity, rated energy, identification serial number, cycle number, current capacity, current energy, and the like, and the information is used by the power management module to call or modify the battery module performance attributes. Temperature sensors can be further arranged in the battery modules, so that the temperature of each battery module can be accurately measured.

As shown in fig. 4, a port a is an output positive electrode of the adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply, a terminal b is an output negative electrode of the adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply, and the specific circuit structure of the adjustable voltage and adjustable constant-current circuit in the adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply can be implemented by any method commonly used in the art, which is not described herein again.

The port a is connected with the movable end of a group of contacts of the terminal A and the relay 1K1, and the normally closed contact of the group of contacts is connected with the positive electrode of the battery and one end of the resistor 1R 1. The negative pole of the battery is connected with the normally closed contact of the other group of contacts in the relay 1K1, and the normally open contact of the group of contacts is connected with the terminal B, the terminal B and one end of the resistor 1R 2. The normally open contacts of the two sets of contacts are shorted.

The other end of the resistor 1R1 is connected with the other end of the resistor 1R4 which is grounded and the non-inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier 1U3, the other end of the resistor 1R2 is connected with the inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier 1U3 and one end of the resistor 1R3, and the other end of the resistor 1R3 is connected with the output end of the integrated operational amplifier 1U 3.

The terminal A is connected with a shunt and is connected with one end of a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the other end of a resistor R2 in series, and a voltage acquisition end is led out from the resistor R1-R2. The both ends of shunt are connected resistance XR1~ XR 2's one end respectively, and the non inverting input of resistance XR 1's the one end of resistance XR4 and integrated operational amplifier XU3 is connected to the other end, and resistance XR 4's the other end ground connection. The other end of the resistor XR2 is connected to one end of the resistor XR3 and the inverting input of the integrated operational amplifier XU3, and the other end of the resistor XR3 is connected to the inverting input of the integrated operational amplifier XU 3.

In fig. 4, the battery represents a battery module in the battery array, and the integrated operational amplifier 1U3 and the resistors 1R 1-1R 4 form the voltage acquisition module for acquiring the operating voltage of the corresponding battery. The inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier 1U3 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery through a resistor 1R2, the non-inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier 1U3 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery through a resistor 1R1, the inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier 1U3 is connected with the output end of the integrated operational amplifier 1U3 through a resistor 1R3, and the positive input end of the integrated operational amplifier 1U3 is grounded through a resistor to form a voltage differential amplifier sampling circuit of the corresponding battery.

When only one battery module (and battery adapter module) is arranged in the battery array, the terminal A is connected with the power management module, and the terminal B is grounded. When a plurality of battery modules are arranged in the battery array, the terminal a of the first battery module (and the battery adapter module) is connected with the power management module, the terminal B is connected with the terminals a and … … of the second battery module (and the battery adapter module), and the terminal B of the last battery module (and the battery adapter module) is grounded.

The voltage acquisition circuit consisting of the shunt and the resistors R1-R2 is only arranged at the terminal A of the first group (or only one group) of battery modules (and battery adaptation modules). The current sampling circuit is composed of a current divider, an integrated operational amplifier XU3 and resistors XR 1-XR 4 and used for collecting the total current of the battery array, the voltage collecting circuit composed of the resistors R1-R2 is used for collecting the total voltage of the battery array, an electricity meter (not shown in the figure) is further arranged at a terminal A of the first group (or the only group) of battery modules (and the battery adaptation modules) and used as the electricity collecting module, and the total current, the total voltage and the electricity of the battery array are sent into the power management module.

When the battery module is abnormal during the running of the vehicle, the power management module of the relay 1K1 controls the output of the adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply to be closed, controls the relay 1K1 to act and attract, disconnects the battery module and connects the battery module in a short circuit mode. The vehicle may run with reduced power using other normal batteries.

As shown in fig. 5, one end of the power supply VDD is connected in series with the resistor R3 and the thermal resistor RWD and then grounded, and a voltage output terminal is drawn between the resistor R3 and the thermal resistor RWD. As shown in fig. 6, the power supply PC1 is connected to the power input terminal of the semiconductor cooling plate through the normally open contact of the relay K1, the ground terminal of the semiconductor cooling plate is grounded, and the relay K1 is driven by the power supply VDD 1. As shown in fig. 7, the power supply PH1 is connected to the power supply input terminal of the semiconductor heater chip through the normally open contact of the relay K2, the ground terminal of the semiconductor heater chip is grounded, and the relay K2 is driven by the power supply VDD 1. Fig. 5 shows the temperature acquisition module, and fig. 6 to 7 constitute the temperature adjustment module to realize temperature rise and temperature reduction of the battery.

As shown in fig. 8, the power supply method for the new energy vehicle includes the following steps:

the power management module acquires rated capacity, rated energy and performance attributes of a single battery module through a storage chip arranged in the battery module, wherein the performance attributes refer to the change characteristic relation of the voltage, the residual electric quantity and the residual charge-discharge duration of the battery module caused by the change of the battery charge or discharge along with the time under the preset battery capacity, the preset battery energy, the preset charge-discharge cutoff voltage, the preset charge-discharge cutoff current, the preset charge-discharge cycle number, the preset charge-discharge current and the preset temperature of the battery module; the performance attribute of the battery module is an important basis for judging the residual electric quantity of a single battery module and is used for accurately estimating the residual electric quantity and the residual charging or discharging time. And judging the abnormity and the health condition of the battery through the actual operation working parameters of the single battery module. The reading of the information in the memory chip of the battery module can be realized by various means in the prior art, such as a data bus, manual input, copying and the like, and is not described in detail herein.

The single battery module performance attribute can adopt battery charge and discharge tester to obtain through the measurement of charging and discharging, in new forms of energy vehicle operating temperature scope and load range, tests respectively and obtains under each charge and discharge work load, the operating parameter under each temperature point, includes: charge and discharge voltage, charge and discharge current, charge and discharge capacity, charge and discharge energy and charge and discharge time. And determining a change relation matrix of the voltage of the battery module, the residual electric quantity and the residual charge-discharge time length caused by the change of the battery charging or discharging along with the time under each charging and discharging load and each charging and discharging cycle number at each temperature point in the working temperature range and the load range.

In the range of the operating load of the new energy vehicle, in the range of the operating temperature of the new energy vehicle, typical temperature points can be taken at fixed temperature intervals (such as every 10 ℃), typical load points can be taken at fixed load current intervals (such as every 5A), and the operating parameters of the battery module at each typical load point are collected at each typical temperature point. At a typical temperature point, an algorithm fits a curve of the operating parameters at the typical temperature over the full load range based on the operating parameters at each typical load collected at the typical temperature point. At a typical load point, an algorithm fits a curve of operating parameters over the full temperature range at the typical load point based on the operating parameters collected at each typical temperature point at the typical load point. The fitting algorithm may employ a least squares method, an interpolation method, or the like.

Step 1002, acquiring a power supply load parameter of the new energy vehicle;

the power management module respectively collects and detects the voltage of a single battery module in the plurality of battery modules which are connected in series through the voltage collection module;

acquiring total working parameters and temperatures of the plurality of battery modules after series connection, wherein the working parameters comprise: charge and discharge voltage, charge and discharge current, charge and discharge capacity, charge and discharge energy and charge and discharge time.

Step 1003, judging whether the temperature of the battery array needs to be adjusted or not;

the power management module acquires the working temperature of the battery array according to the temperature acquisition module, judges whether the working temperature exceeds an upper limit value or a lower limit value of a preset temperature, and if the working temperature exceeds the upper limit value or the lower limit value, the battery array needs to be cooled or heated through the temperature regulation module.

the power management module determines the operating parameters and the residual capacity of each single battery module according to the total operating parameters and the temperature of the plurality of battery modules and the voltage of the single battery module, wherein the residual capacity of the single battery module comprises the residual capacity and the residual energy.

The determination process of the working parameters and the residual capacity is as follows: when the battery array discharges, the compensation current of the battery adaptation module is subtracted from the total discharge current to determine the discharge current of the battery module corresponding to the battery adaptation module; when the battery array is charged: determining the charging current of the battery module corresponding to the battery adaptation module according to the total charging current plus the compensation current of the battery adaptation module; meanwhile, according to the voltage and the working time of the battery module, the charging and discharging voltage, the charging and discharging current, the charging and discharging capacity and the charging and discharging energy of the battery module, namely the working parameters of a single battery module, are accurately determined. Accurately determining residual capacity and residual energy, namely residual capacity according to the working parameters and the temperature of a single battery module; and accurately determining the residual electric quantity of the battery pack, namely the residual electric quantity of the new energy vehicle according to the sum of the residual electric quantities of the single battery modules.

And determining the performance attribute deviation value of each single battery module according to the residual capacity and the residual energy of each single battery module, and the performance attributes of the battery modules, the power supply load parameters of the new energy vehicle and the temperature of the battery modules which are stored in advance.

Determining a deviation value of the performance attribute of each single battery module according to the residual electric quantity of each single battery module, the pre-stored performance attribute of each single battery module, the power supply load parameter of the new energy vehicle and the temperature of the battery module; determining an adaptive compensation value for the corresponding single battery module according to the relation between the performance attribute deviation value of the single battery module and a preset deviation value; the adaptive compensation values of the individual battery modules include: and charging or discharging each single battery module to adapt the compensation voltage, the compensation current and the compensation power. And determining the residual electric quantity of the plurality of battery modules according to the residual electric quantity of each single battery module. Determining the current charging and discharging time and the corresponding preset charging and discharging termination time in the performance attributes of the battery module according to the working parameters and the temperature of the battery module; and determining corresponding residual charge-discharge time according to the current charge-discharge time and the charge-discharge termination time.

Step 1005, determining charging power or discharging power for the battery module and adaptive compensation for the battery module;

and the power supply management module determines the charging power or the discharging power of the plurality of battery modules according to the working parameters of the battery modules, the temperature and the adaptive compensation value of the single battery module.

And the power supply management module determines the abnormal protection of the battery module according to the relation between the working parameters of the battery module, the temperature and a preset threshold value. Acquiring the number of charge and discharge cycles; and correcting and updating the pre-stored performance attributes of each single battery module according to the determined working parameters and the charging and discharging cycle times of each single battery module.

For example, the following steps are carried out: taking a new energy vehicle using 3 battery modules as an example, when discharging, assuming that the residual energies of the battery modules 1 to 3 are 180KWh, 220KWh, and 200KWh, respectively, the discharge electric power ratio of each battery module is 18:22:20 when discharging each battery module using a battery pack at the same time, and assuming that the new energy vehicle load power is 6KW, the discharge power distribution of the battery modules is: the discharge power of the battery modules 1-3 is 1.8KW, 2.2KW and 2KW respectively.

And determining the discharge current to be distributed by each battery module according to the voltage and the distributed discharge power of each battery module, and determining the residual discharge time of each battery module under the distributed discharge load, namely the working endurance time of the new energy vehicle according to the temperature and the pre-stored performance attribute of the battery modules. And verifying the load distribution effect of each battery module according to the residual discharge duration condition of each battery module, and further optimizing and fine-tuning. According to the discharge current distributed by each battery module, the maximum value of the discharge current is determined, battery adaptation compensation is not carried out on the battery module with the maximum discharge current, battery adaptation compensation is carried out on the battery module with the discharge current smaller than the maximum discharge current according to the principle that the series current is consistent, the compensation current value of the battery adaptation module corresponding to the battery adaptation compensation is the difference value between the maximum discharge current and the current battery module distributed discharge current, and the compensation voltage is the voltage of the current battery module. Adjusting the voltage of an adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply of the battery adaptation module to complete adaptation compensation of the battery module;

during charging: assuming that the remaining charging energies of the battery modules 1 to 3 are 180KWh, 220KWh and 200KWh, respectively, the charging of each battery module of the dead battery pack is performed at the same time, the ratio of the charging electric power of each battery module is 18:22:20, the power management module subtracts the load power of the new energy vehicle from the input power of the charger to obtain the available charging power value of the new energy vehicle, the power management module adjusts the charging of the battery pack according to the available charging power value, determining a value of charging power allocated to each battery module according to a ratio of charging electric power of each battery module, determining a charging current to be distributed to each battery module according to the voltage of each battery module and the distributed charging power, and determining the residual charging time of each battery module under the distributed charging power, namely the residual charging time of the new energy vehicle according to the temperature of the battery module and the pre-stored performance attribute. And verifying the effect of the distributed charging power of each battery module according to the residual charging time of each battery module, and further optimizing and fine-tuning.

According to the principle of consistent series current, according to the voltage of each battery module and the charging power value of a main loop of the battery pack, the power management module adjusts a built-in adjustable voltage circuit, an adjustable constant current circuit and an adjustable charging management circuit to charge the whole battery pack; and meanwhile, battery adaptation compensation is not carried out on the battery module with the minimum distributed charging current, battery adaptation compensation is carried out on the battery module with the distributed charging current larger than the minimum distributed charging current, the compensation current value of the corresponding battery adaptation module is used for distributing the difference value between the charging current and the minimum charging current for the current battery module, and the compensation voltage is the voltage of the current battery module. Adjusting the current of an adjustable constant current circuit and the voltage of an adjustable voltage circuit of the battery adaptation module to complete adaptation compensation of the battery module; according to the distributed charging electric power of each battery module, the current of the adjustable constant current circuit and the voltage of the adjustable voltage circuit of each battery adaptation module can be directly adjusted, and the charging of each battery module is completed.

The cycle life of the battery is prolonged by controlling the charge and discharge end voltage, see fig. 18, which is the relationship attribute of the charge cut-off voltage and the number of charge cycles of the battery, and for the battery, the charge cut-off voltage (0.1V) is properly reduced by 'shallow charge and shallow discharge', and a large amount of charge and discharge cycle life can be replaced. The new energy vehicle central control module can provide options of a service life mode and a performance mode for a user to select and use.

The charging and discharging process is characterized in that the working parameters of the whole battery pack and a single battery module are collected and determined in real time, the operation of each battery module is monitored in real time, the power consumption of the battery modules and the power management of the new energy vehicle are accurately, flexibly and efficiently realized according to the load condition and the charging load condition of the new energy vehicle, and the endurance of the new energy vehicle and the accuracy of power indication are improved. The charge and discharge of each single battery module are strictly controlled to cut off to voltage and cut off to current, so that the damage of overshoot and overdischarge to the battery is avoided, the service life of each series battery pack is comparable to the service life of a single battery, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

And verifying and correcting the pre-stored performance attributes of the battery modules according to the number of charge-discharge cycle measurements and the actually measured working parameters of the single battery module. In practice, batteries have differences due to the limitation of the manufacturing process, and the performance attributes of the battery modules stored in advance are corrected by combining actually measured working parameters of the single battery module with the charging and discharging times, so that the control and evaluation precision is further improved. The battery modules increase the overall capacity of the battery modules for the battery modules with different rated capacities and performance attributes which are connected in series according to structural design requirements.

As shown in fig. 9, the charging workflow of the new energy vehicle power supply method includes the following steps:

step 2001, acquiring preset working parameters;

step 2002, acquiring power supply load parameters of the new energy vehicle and working parameters of the battery array;

and acquiring power supply load parameters of the new energy vehicle, total working parameters of the battery pack, the working number of each battery module, the cycle number of the battery modules, the temperature and the like in real time, and storing data.

Step 2003, judging whether charging is possible;

and the power supply management module judges whether charging can be carried out or not according to the temperature collected by the temperature collection module, if so, step 2005 is executed, and if not, step 2004 is executed.

Step 2004, turning on temperature regulation;

the power management module controls the temperature adjustment module to adjust the temperature of the battery array, and returns to step 2002.

Step 2005, the power management module starts charging;

the power management module controls an external charging power supply to charge the battery modules in the battery array.

Step 2006, whether to continue temperature adjustment;

the power management module determines whether to continue temperature adjustment, if so, executes step 2008, otherwise, executes step 2007.

In step 2007, the power management module controls the temperature adjustment module to turn off temperature adjustment.

Step 2008, calculating to obtain temperature control power and charging power;

and the power supply management module calculates the temperature-controlled regulating power and the charging power according to the operating parameters and controls the output.

And step 2009, calculating to obtain a compensation value of each battery module, and controlling output.

Step 2010, judging whether the charging is abnormal or not;

and the power management module judges whether the charging is abnormal or not, if so, the step 2011 is executed, and if not, the step 2012 is executed.

Step 2011, charge exception handling, charge exception alarm.

Step 2012, correcting the electric quantity and the remaining charging time;

step 2013, whether the charging is finished or not;

the power management module determines whether charging is complete, if so, performs step 2014, otherwise performs step 2015.

And step 2014, stopping charging, and controlling by the power management module to stop charging.

As shown in fig. 10, the discharging work flow of the new energy vehicle power supply method includes the following steps:

step 3001, obtaining preset working parameters;

step 3002, acquiring power supply load parameters of the new energy vehicle and working parameters of the battery array;

Step 3003, whether to continue temperature adjustment;

the power management module determines whether to continue temperature adjustment, if so, executes step 3005, otherwise, executes step 3004.

Step 3004, the power management module controls the temperature adjustment module to turn off temperature adjustment.

Step 3005, calculating to obtain temperature control power;

and the power supply management module calculates the temperature-controlled regulating power according to each operating parameter and controls the output.

Step 3006, calculating the compensation value of each battery module, and controlling the output.

Step 3007, determine whether the discharge is abnormal;

the power management module determines whether the discharge is abnormal, if so, executes step 3008, otherwise, executes step 3009.

Step 3008, discharge abnormity processing, and discharge abnormity alarm.

Step 3009, correcting the electric quantity and the remaining discharge time, and estimating the driving mileage.

Step 3010, determine whether the system is in low battery operating mode;

and the power management module judges whether the power management module is in a low-power operation state, if so, step 3011 is executed, and otherwise, step 3012 is executed.

And step 3011, performing low battery operation prompt.

Step 3012, determine the health condition of the battery, and modify the charging performance;

and the power management module verifies and corrects the pre-stored charging performance attribute of the battery module according to the actually measured working parameters of each single battery module, and judges the health condition of the battery module. The programs corresponding to the processes shown in fig. 8-10 may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-executable program code embodied therein. The storage medium includes a computer program for implementing a power supply control method.

Example 2:

this example differs from example 1 in that: as shown in fig. 11, in the present embodiment, all the battery adapter modules are independently connected to the corresponding battery modules and the power management module, the power modules in the battery array are sequentially connected in series, and adjacent battery adapter modules are not connected in series.

Example 3:

this example differs from example 1 in that: as shown in fig. 12, in the present embodiment, any two adjacent battery modules share one battery adapter module, and the battery adapter module and the two corresponding battery modules are connected by controllable switch control, so in the present embodiment, one battery adapter module can be reduced.

Example 4:

this example differs from example 1 in that: in this embodiment, the temperature adjustment module is different in implementation and is more suitable for an electric vehicle. As shown in fig. 13, the temperature adjustment module of the present embodiment includes a radiator, a heat exchanger, an on-vehicle air conditioner, a fluid pump, and a coolant, fluid flows among the battery array, the heat exchanger, the radiator, the on-vehicle air conditioner, and the electric motor of the new energy vehicle, the fluid pump powers the flow of the fluid, the fluid and the coolant exchange heat between the heat exchanger, and the coolant is circulated into the radiator to be cooled. The temperature acquisition module acquires the working temperature of the battery array, and the power management module controls the temperature regulation module to regulate the temperature of the plurality of battery modules according to whether the temperature of all the battery modules in the battery array is lower than a preset value.

In the temperature adjustment module of the embodiment, the vehicle-mounted air conditioner is connected to the heat exchanger of the heat exchange system, so that the energy efficiency ratio of temperature adjustment is improved, and electric power is saved. Further, the motor of the new energy vehicle can be connected to the heat exchange system, and the flexibility of temperature adjustment is improved.

Example 5:

this example differs from example 1 in that: as shown in fig. 14, the battery adapter module is connected to the battery module through a controllable switch, and when the battery module is out of order, the battery module is disconnected from the battery adapter module through the controllable switch.

The modules or components of the above embodiments may be integrated or may be independent components. In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or may exist separately and physically, or two or more modules are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a form of hardware or a form of software function. Obviously, the invention can be used for other vehicles, computers or terminals powered by series batteries under the guidance of the inventive idea.

The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a new energy vehicle, includes the battery array that well accuse module, power management module and a plurality of battery module in the vehicle are constituteed, and power management module links to each other with well accuse module, and power management module's output is the power output end of vehicle, its characterized in that: the battery adapter module is arranged corresponding to the battery module, the battery module is connected with the battery adapter module, and the battery adapter module is connected with the power management module; the battery management system is provided with a voltage acquisition module corresponding to the battery module, the voltage acquisition module is connected with the corresponding battery module and acquires the operating voltage of the corresponding battery module, and the voltage acquisition module is connected with the power management module; the power supply management module is provided with an electric quantity acquisition module connected with the battery adaptation module and a temperature acquisition module connected with the battery array, and the output ends of the electric quantity acquisition module and the temperature acquisition module are connected with the power supply management module;

the battery adapter modules are connected in series; the battery adaptation module comprises an adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply, an output positive electrode of the adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply is simultaneously connected with a positive electrode of the battery module, and an output negative electrode of the adjustable constant-voltage constant-current power supply is simultaneously connected with a negative electrode of the battery module.

2. The new energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: each battery module comprises a single battery or a plurality of batteries connected in series or/and in parallel, and a memory for storing battery parameters is also arranged in the battery module.

3. The new energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the battery adaptation module corresponds to any two adjacent battery modules and is connected with the two corresponding battery modules in a time-sharing manner through the switch; or the battery adaptation modules correspond to the battery modules one to one.

4. The new energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature adjusting module is connected with the battery array, and the power management module is in bidirectional connection with the temperature adjusting module to adjust the temperature of the battery array.

5. A power supply control method of a new energy vehicle is characterized in that a power supply process comprises the following steps:

the working parameters and the temperature of a plurality of battery modules after series connection are acquired, and the working parameters comprise: the system comprises a plurality of battery modules, a plurality of battery modules and a controller, wherein the battery modules are used for supplying power to a new energy vehicle;

determining a deviation value of each single battery module performance attribute according to the residual capacity and the residual energy of each single battery module, and the pre-stored battery module performance attribute, the power supply load parameter of the new energy vehicle and the temperature of the battery module;

determining an adaptive compensation value for the corresponding single battery module according to the relation between the performance attribute deviation value of the single battery module and a preset deviation value; the adaptive compensation values of the individual battery modules include: charging or discharging each single battery module to adapt compensation voltage, adaptive compensation current and adaptive compensation power;

determining the charging or discharging power of each corresponding single battery module according to the working parameters and the temperature of the battery module and the adaptive compensation value of each single battery module;

determining the charging or discharging power distributed to each corresponding battery module according to the deviation relation of the residual energy of each battery module;

distributing the discharge power of each battery module according to the deviation relation of the residual energy of each battery module by the load power of the new energy vehicle during discharge; distributing the charging power of each battery module according to the deviation relation of the residual energy of each battery module by using the available charging power of the new energy vehicle during charging;

determining the discharging or charging current to be distributed by each battery module according to the voltage of each battery module and the distributed charging or discharging power;

determining adaptive compensation current for charging or discharging each single battery module according to the current charging and discharging current of each single battery module and the deviation relation of the discharging or charging current distributed by each battery module;

and determining the adaptive compensation voltage for charging or discharging each single battery module according to the current voltage of the single battery module, and determining the adaptive compensation power for the single battery module according to the adaptive compensation voltage and the adaptive compensation current for charging or discharging the single battery module.

6. The power supply control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the power supply process specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1002, acquiring power supply load parameters of a vehicle;

7. The power supply control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the charging comprises the following steps:

step 2001, acquiring preset working parameters;

step 2002, acquiring power supply load parameters of the vehicle, total working parameters of the battery pack, working numbers of each battery module, cycle times of the battery modules and temperature in real time, and storing data;

step 2012, correcting the electric quantity and the remaining charging time;

step 2014, the power management module controls to stop charging;

8. The power supply control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the discharging comprises the following steps:

step 3001, obtaining preset working parameters;

step 3008, alarm of abnormal discharge;

step 3011, perform low battery operation prompt;

9. A storage medium storing the power supply control method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the storage medium stores therein a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the power supply control method according to any one of claims 5 to 8.