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CN111205295B - Compound with imidazocarbazole as receptor and application thereof - Google Patents

Compound with imidazocarbazole as receptor and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111205295B
CN111205295B CN202010144028.8A CN202010144028A CN111205295B CN 111205295 B CN111205295 B CN 111205295B CN 202010144028 A CN202010144028 A CN 202010144028A CN 111205295 B CN111205295 B CN 111205295B
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孙军
张宏科
刘凯鹏
田密
何海晓
高仁孝
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Xi'an Manareco New Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a compound taking imidazocarbazole as a receptor, belonging to the technical field of organic electroluminescent materials. The structural general formula of the compound is shown as a formula (I), wherein Ar is1Is an electron donating group or an electron accepting group, when Ar1When an electron donating group, is selected from substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, acridinyl, furanyl, amino, 9-dimethyl-9H-fluorenyl, phenazinyl or phenothiazinyl; when Ar is1When an electron accepting group, it is selected from substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridyl, phenanthrolinyl, sulfonyl, benzimidazolyl, triphenylboronyl, phenanthrenyl, benzophenone, or spirobifluorenyl. The novel compound formed by introducing specific group modification at a specific position has better energy transmission capability and charge transmission capability, has a proper HOMO/LUMO value and triplet state energy, and can realize high brightness, low voltage, high efficiency and long service life when being used in an organic electroluminescent device. The structural general formula is shown as formula (I):
Figure DDA0002400092140000011

Description

Compound with imidazocarbazole as receptor and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic electroluminescent functional materials and devices, and particularly relates to a compound taking imidazole carbazole as an acceptor and application thereof.
Background
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are a self-luminescent electronic component, the Light emitting mechanism is a novel optoelectronic information technology that converts electrical energy directly into Light energy by means of Organic semiconductor functional materials under the action of a direct current electric field. The light emission color can be red, green, blue, yellow alone or combined white. The biggest characteristics of the OLED light-emitting display technology are ultrathin, high response speed, ultralight weight, surface light-emitting and flexible display, can be used for manufacturing monochromatic or panchromatic displays, can be used as a novel light source technology, and can also be used for manufacturing illumination and display products or a novel backlight source technology for manufacturing liquid crystal displays.
Organic electroluminescent elements (organic EL elements) can be classified into two types, i.e., fluorescent type and phosphorescent type, according to the principle of light emission. When a voltage is applied to the organic electroluminescent element, holes from the anode and electrons from the cathode are injected, and they are recombined in the light-emitting layer to form excitons. According to the electron spin statistical method, singlet excitons and triplet excitons are 25%: a proportion of 75% was produced. The fluorescent type uses singlet excitons to emit light, and thus its internal quantum efficiency can only reach 25%. The phosphorescent material is composed of heavy metal elements, and can utilize singlet state energy and triplet state energy simultaneously through interstitial crossing, and the internal quantum efficiency can reach 100%. A Thermally Active Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) material is a third generation organic light emitting material developed after organic fluorescent materials and organic phosphorescent materials. The material generally has smaller singlet-triplet energy level difference (delta Est), triplet excitons can be converted into singlet excitons through reverse gap crossing to emit light, the singlet excitons and the triplet excitons formed under electric excitation can be fully utilized, the internal quantum efficiency of the device can reach 100 percent, meanwhile, the material has controllable structure and stable property, is low in price, does not need noble metals such as iridium, platinum and the like, and has wide application prospect in the field of OLEDs. The research results in recent years show that: the green light and red light phosphorescent materials can meet the industrialization requirement, but the problem of high price still exists, the service life of the blue light phosphorescent materials can not meet the application requirement, so the industrialization can not be realized, and the blue light materials in the OLED product are still traditional fluorescent materials at present.
The TADF material can be used not only as a luminescent material (emitter) in a luminescent layer, but also as a host material or an auxiliary host material in the luminescent layer to sensitize the emitter, which is helpful for improving the efficiency of a conventional device, improving the color purity of the device, and prolonging the service life of the device, and is an organic electroluminescent functional material with a wide application prospect. The TADF material is structurally formed by connecting an electron donating group and an electron withdrawing group through a pi bond, but the electron withdrawing groups which can be utilized at present are few in types, particularly, a high-quality TADF blue light material is few, the color purity of the blue light material reported at present has defects, the service life of a device is not ideal enough, and the practical requirement cannot be met, so that the design of the novel electron withdrawing group for developing the novel blue light TADF material is very important.
The imidazocarbazole has high thermal stability and electron affinity potential due to a specific molecular conjugated structure in the molecule. The structure can construct an electron donating-acceptor type molecular structure by connecting a typical electron donating group to obtain a TADF material with bipolar characteristics, and can be used as a luminescent layer main body material or a luminescent dye; when a typical electron accepting group is connected, the orbital energy level of the material is further optimized, the electron transport capability of molecules is enhanced, and the material can be used as an electron transport material or a host material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compound taking imidazocarbazole as an acceptor, which fully utilizes the capability of an electron acceptor and triplet state energy, can be used as a main material or a luminescent material or a hole blocking material or an electron transport material in a luminescent layer through modification of different electron donating groups or electron accepting groups, and can be applied to an organic electroluminescent device to remarkably improve the device performance of the organic electroluminescent device.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a compound taking imidazocarbazole as an acceptor, which has a structural general formula shown in formula (I):
Figure BDA0002400092120000031
wherein Ar is1Being electron-donating groups or electron-accepting groupsThe mass of the balls is obtained by mixing the raw materials,
when Ar is1When an electron donating group, is selected from substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, acridinyl, furanyl, amino, 9-dimethyl-9H-fluorenyl, phenazinyl or phenothiazinyl;
when Ar is1When an electron accepting group, it is selected from substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridyl, phenanthrolinyl, sulfonyl, benzimidazolyl, triphenylboronyl, phenanthrenyl, benzophenone, or spirobifluorenyl.
Preferably, Ar is1When it is an electron donating group, it is selected from any one of the following structural formulas:
Figure BDA0002400092120000032
Figure BDA0002400092120000041
preferably, Ar is1When it is an electron accepting group, it is selected from any one of the following structural formulas:
Figure BDA0002400092120000042
Figure BDA0002400092120000051
preferably, specifically, any one of the following compounds:
Figure BDA0002400092120000052
Figure BDA0002400092120000061
the second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the compound taking the imidazocarbazole as the acceptor in the organic electroluminescent device.
The third object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device, which comprises a light-emitting layer, wherein the host material and/or the light-emitting dye of the light-emitting layer are any of the above compounds with an imidazocarbazole as an acceptor.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device, which comprises a light-emitting layer and a hole blocking layer, wherein the hole blocking layer is made of any one of the compounds which take imidazole carbazole as an acceptor.
The fifth object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device, which comprises a light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer, wherein the material used for the electron transport layer is any one of the compounds described above, which uses imidazocarbazole as an acceptor.
A sixth object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above organic electroluminescent device in an organic electroluminescent display device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a specific donor group or an acceptor group is introduced to a specific position to modify imidazocarbazole to form a brand new compound;
1. by introducing an electron-donating group into a specific position of the imidazocarbazole, the orbital level and triplet state energy of an imidazocarbazole core structure are improved; the developed material is a typical donor-acceptor structure, has bipolar characteristics and TADF (TADF) properties, and can be used as a luminescent layer host material or a luminescent dye;
2. an electron accepting group is introduced to a specific position of the imidazocarbazole, so that the molecular orbital energy level is optimized, the electron transport property of the material is improved, and the developed material can be applied to a hole blocking material or a light-emitting layer main body material;
the series of compounds are used as a main material or a hole blocking material or a TADF material or an electron transport material in an organic electroluminescent (OLED) device to show excellent performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic electroluminescent device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the cathode layer comprises a substrate, 2, an anode layer, 3, a hole injection layer, 4, a first hole transport layer, 5, a second hole transport layer, 6, a light emitting layer, 7, a hole blocking layer, 8, an electron transport layer, 9, an electron injection layer, 10 and a cathode layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and implemented by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments are not meant to limit the present invention.
The experimental methods and the detection methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
The compound taking the imidazocarbazole as the acceptor is modified by linking electron-donating groups or electron-accepting groups on the imidazocarbazole molecules.
The invention provides a compound taking imidazocarbazole as an acceptor, which has a structural general formula shown in formula (I):
Figure BDA0002400092120000081
wherein Ar is1Is an electron donating group or an electron accepting group,
when Ar is1When an electron donating group, is selected from substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, acridinyl, furanyl, amino, 9-dimethyl-9H-fluorenyl, phenazinyl or phenothiazinyl;
when Ar is1When an electron accepting group, it is selected from substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridyl, phenanthrolinyl, sulfonyl, benzimidazolyl, triphenylboronyl, phenanthrenyl, benzophenone, or spirobifluorenyl.
According to the invention, an electron-donating group is introduced to a specific position of the imidazocarbazole, so that the orbital energy level and triplet state energy of an imidazocarbazole core structure are improved; the developed material is a typical donor-acceptor structure, has bipolar characteristics and TADF (TADF) properties, and can be used as a luminescent layer host material or a luminescent dye;
an electron accepting group is introduced to a specific position of the imidazocarbazole, so that the molecular orbital energy level is optimized, the electron transport property of the material is improved, and the developed material can be applied to a hole blocking material or a light-emitting layer main body material;
the series of compounds are used as a main material or a hole blocking material or a TADF material or an electron transport material in an organic electroluminescent (OLED) device to show excellent performance.
In the following, we provide specific synthetic methods for the preparation of several intermediates corresponding to the above compounds.
(1) Synthesis of intermediates 1-2:
Figure BDA0002400092120000091
adding 50g of intermediate 1-1 and 500ml of acetic acid into a 1L three-necked flask, adding 42.4g N-bromosuccinimide in batches under the stirring condition, stirring and reacting for 4 hours under the normal temperature condition after the addition is finished, stopping stirring after TLC monitors that the raw materials completely react, pouring the reaction liquid into water, and stirring to separate out a solid. Filtering, dissolving the obtained crude product in dichloromethane, washing with water to neutrality, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and purifying with silica gel column to obtain 64.1g of intermediate 1-2 with yield of 93.5%.
Nuclear magnetic spectrum data of intermediates 1-2:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.16(br,1H),8.01(d,J＝7.6,1H),7.94(d,J＝7.6,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.29(d,J＝7.2,1H),7.26(m,2H)。
(2) synthesis of intermediates 1 to 3:
Figure BDA0002400092120000092
adding 63g of intermediate 1-2, 56.6g of zinc powder and 630ml of tetrahydrofuran into a 1L three-necked bottle, dropwise adding 100ml of glacial acetic acid under the stirring condition, heating the reaction system to 66 ℃ after the addition is finished, carrying out reflux reaction for 6h, detecting by TLC (thin-layer chromatography), and cooling the reaction system to room temperature after the raw materials completely react. Adding saturated sodium carbonate solution to adjust the reaction solution to be neutral, separating liquid, washing an organic phase by using saturated saline solution, drying by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and purifying by using a silica gel column to obtain 48.4g of intermediate 1-3 with the yield of 85.6%.
Nuclear magnetic spectrum data of intermediates 1 to 3:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.12(br,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.29(d,J＝7.2,1H),7.25(d,J＝7.2,1H),6.91(d,J＝6.8,1H),6.75(t,J＝6.8,1H),6.28(d,J＝6.8,1H),4.00(br,2H)。
(3) synthesis of intermediate 1:
Figure BDA0002400092120000101
adding 48g of 1-3 intermediates, 21.5g of 1-4 intermediates, 500ml of toluene and 0.3g of p-toluenesulfonic acid into a 1L three-necked bottle, introducing nitrogen to remove oxygen in the system, heating to 110 ℃, carrying out reflux reaction for 4h, detecting by TLC (thin layer chromatography), and cooling the reaction system to room temperature after the raw materials completely react. And (3) evaporating the reaction solvent under reduced pressure, adding the obtained solid into 600ml of tetrahydrofuran, then adding 45.9g of dichlorodicyanoquinone, heating to 60 ℃, stirring for reaction for 3 hours, detecting the complete reaction of the raw materials by TLC, and cooling the reaction system to room temperature. Filtration, washing of the organic phase twice with saturated sodium carbonate solution, drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purification over silica gel column gave 42.3g of intermediate 1, yield 67.2%.
Nuclear magnetic spectrum data of intermediate 1:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.70(m,2H),7.48(d,J＝6.4,2H),7.25-7.32(m,6H),7.22(d,J＝6.4,1H。
in the following, we specifically take compounds, some of which are imidazolocarbazoles as receptors, as an example, and provide methods for synthesizing these compounds.
Example 1: preparation of Compound 3
Figure BDA0002400092120000102
A500 ml three-necked flask was charged with 10g of intermediate 1, 9.1g of compound 3-1, 7.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.93g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 200ml of toluene, 60ml of ethanol, 40ml of water, purged with nitrogen for 5min to remove oxygen in the system, and then 1.66g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium was added. Heating the system to 80 ℃ for reaction for 6h, sampling TCL to monitor the reaction, stopping heating when the raw materials are completely reacted, and cooling to room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered and washed with water to pH 7, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified over silica gel column to remove insoluble impurities, and the crude product obtained by concentrating the eluent was recrystallized from toluene to give 12.5g of compound 3 in total, with a yield of 85.3%.
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy data for compound 3:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.77(s,1H),7.70(d,J＝8.4,1H),7.55(d,J＝6.8,2H),7.40-7.48(m,7H),7.26-7.32(m,7H),7.22(d,J＝6.4,1H),7.08(t,J＝7.2,2H),7.00(t,J＝7.2,2H)；
example 2: preparation of Compound 13
Figure BDA0002400092120000111
A500 ml three-necked flask was charged with 10g of intermediate 1, 14.3g of compound 13-1, 7.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.93g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 200ml of toluene, 60ml of ethanol, 40ml of water, purged with nitrogen for 5min to remove oxygen in the system, and then 1.66g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium was added. Heating the system to 80 ℃ for reaction for 6h, sampling TCL to monitor the reaction, stopping heating when the raw materials are completely reacted, and cooling to room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered and washed with water to pH 7, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified over silica gel column to remove insoluble impurities, and the crude product obtained by concentrating the eluent was recrystallized from toluene to give 14.1g in total of compound 13, with a yield of 72.6%.
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy data for compound 13:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.84(d,J＝6.8,2H),7.77(s,1H),7.70(d,J＝8.4,1H),7.55(d,J＝7.2,2H),7.48(m,3H),7.38(t,J＝6.8,2H),7.22-7.32(m,10H),6.82(m,4H),6.50-6.52(m,4H),6.34(d,J＝7.2,2H)；
example 3: preparation of Compound 14
Figure BDA0002400092120000112
A500 ml three-necked flask was charged with 10g of intermediate 1, 10.4g of compound 14-1, 7.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.93g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 200ml of toluene, 60ml of ethanol, 40ml of water, purged with nitrogen for 5min to remove oxygen in the system, and 1.66g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium was added. Heating the system to 80 ℃ for reaction for 6h, sampling TCL to monitor the reaction, stopping heating when the raw materials are completely reacted, and cooling to room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered and washed with water to pH 7, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified over silica gel column to remove insoluble impurities, and the crude product obtained by concentrating the eluent was recrystallized from toluene to give 12.4g of compound 14 in total, with a yield of 78.2%.
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy data for compound 14:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.77(s,1H),7.70(d,J＝8.4,1H),7.48(m,3H),7.32(m,3H),7.26(m,2H),7.23(m,3H),6.88(d,J＝7.2,2H),6.83(t,J＝7.2,2H),6.54(m,4H),6.38(d,J＝7.2,2H),1.67(s,6H)；
example 4: preparation of Compound 21
Figure BDA0002400092120000121
A500 ml three-necked flask was charged with 10g of intermediate 1, 12.8g of compound 21-1, 7.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.93g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 200ml of toluene, 60ml of ethanol, 40ml of water, purged with nitrogen for 5min to remove oxygen in the system, and 1.66g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium was added. Heating the system to 80 ℃ for reaction for 6h, sampling TCL to monitor the reaction, stopping heating when the raw materials are completely reacted, and cooling to room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered and washed with water to pH 7, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified over silica gel column to remove insoluble impurities, and the crude product obtained by concentrating the eluent was recrystallized from toluene to give 13.7g of compound 21 in total, with a yield of 76.1%.
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy data for compound 21:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.06(d,J＝7.2,1H),7.77(s,1H),7.70(d,J＝8.4,1H),7.61(d,J＝7.2,1H),7.55(d,J＝7.2,1H),7.43-7.48(m,7H),7.40(d,J＝7.2,1H),7.24-7.32(m,8H),7.22(d,J＝6.4,1H),7.14(d,J＝7.2,1H),7.08(t,J＝7.2,1H),7.00(t,J＝7.2,1H),1.67(s,6H)；
example 5: preparation of Compound 46
Figure BDA0002400092120000122
A500 ml three-necked flask was charged with 10g of intermediate 1, 11.2g of compound 46-1, 7.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.93g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 200ml of toluene, 60ml of ethanol, 40ml of water, purged with nitrogen for 5min to remove oxygen in the system, and then 1.66g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium was added. Heating the system to 80 ℃ for reaction for 6h, sampling TCL to monitor the reaction, stopping heating when the raw materials are completely reacted, and cooling to room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered and washed with water to pH 7, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified over silica gel column to remove insoluble impurities, and the crude product obtained by concentrating the eluent was recrystallized from toluene to give 14.3g of compound 46 in total, with a yield of 86.2%.
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy data for compound 46:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.77(s,1H),7.70(d,J＝8.4,1H),7.54(d,J＝6.4,4H),7.48(d,J＝6.4,6H),7.46(d,J＝8.0,1H),7.32(t,J＝6.4,6H),7.30(d,J＝8.0,1H),7.26(m,2H),7.22(d,J＝6.4,3H)；
example 6: preparation of Compound 48
Figure BDA0002400092120000131
A500 ml three-necked flask was charged with 10g of intermediate 1, 11.9g of compound 48-1, 7.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.93g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 200ml of toluene, 60ml of ethanol, 40ml of water, purged with nitrogen for 5min to remove oxygen in the system, and 1.66g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium was added. Heating the system to 80 ℃ for reaction for 6h, sampling TCL to monitor the reaction, stopping heating when the raw materials are completely reacted, and cooling to room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered and washed with water to pH 7, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified over silica gel column to remove insoluble impurities, and the crude product obtained by concentrating the eluent was recrystallized from toluene to give 13.7g of compound 48 in total, with a yield of 79.3%.
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy data for compound 48:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.05(d,J＝6.4,2H),7.99(d,J＝6.4,2H),7.77(s,1H),7.70(m,4H),7.57(d,J＝6.4,2H),7.48(d,J＝6.4,2H),7.46(d,J＝8.0,1H),7.43(m,3H),7.32-7.35(m,5H),7.28(t,J＝6.4,1H),7.26(m,2H),7.22(d,J＝6.4,1H)；
example 7: preparation of Compound 49
Figure BDA0002400092120000141
A500 ml three-necked flask was charged with 10g of intermediate 1, 11.2g of compound 46-1, 7.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.93g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 200ml of toluene, 60ml of ethanol, 40ml of water, purged with nitrogen for 5min to remove oxygen in the system, and then 1.66g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium was added. Heating the system to 80 ℃ for reaction for 6h, sampling TCL to monitor the reaction, stopping heating when the raw materials are completely reacted, and cooling to room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered and washed with water to pH 7, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified over silica gel column to remove insoluble impurities, and the crude product obtained by concentrating the eluent was recrystallized from toluene to give 13.2g of compound 49 in total, with a yield of 79.8%.
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy data for compound 49:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.77(s,1H),7.70(d,J＝8.4,2H),7.44-7.48(m,9H),7.38(d,J＝6.8,1H),7.32(t,J＝6.4,6H),7.30(d,J＝8.0,1H),7.26(m,2H),7.22(d,J＝6.4,3H)；
example 8: preparation of Compound 50
Figure BDA0002400092120000142
A500 ml three-necked flask was charged with 10g of intermediate 1, 10.0g of compound 50-1, 7.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.93g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 200ml of toluene, 60ml of ethanol, 40ml of water, purged with nitrogen for 5min to remove oxygen in the system, and 1.66g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium was added. Heating the system to 80 ℃ for reaction for 6h, sampling TCL to monitor the reaction, stopping heating when the raw materials are completely reacted, and cooling to room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered and washed with water to pH 7, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified over silica gel column to remove insoluble impurities, and the crude product obtained by concentrating the eluent was recrystallized from toluene to give a total of 11.4g of compound 50, with a yield of 73.9%.
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy data for compound 50:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.77(s,1H),7.70(m,4H),7.44-7.48(m,5H),7.26-7.38(m,13H),7.22(d,J＝6.4,1H)；
t was performed on some of the compounds provided in the above examples and the existing materials, respectively1Energy levels and HOMO, LUMO energy levels were tested and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Compounds T of the invention1Energy level and HOMO, LUMO
Figure BDA0002400092120000151
Note: maximum occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and minimum unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) triplet energy (T)1) And delta Est is data obtained by simulation calculation of Gaussian 09 software, and the calculation method adopts a B3LYP hybridization functional, and the group is 6-31g (d, P).
From table 1, the organic compounds of the present invention have higher triplet energy and more suitable HOMO/LUMO, which are favorable for carrier transport and energy transfer in OLED devices, and can be used as phosphorescent host material, fluorescent host material or TADF host material, and also can be used as TADF light emitting material. The organic electroluminescent device may be, without particular limitation, a phosphorescent device, a fluorescent device or a device containing a Thermally Active Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) material. Therefore, the compound taking the imidazocarbazole as the core can effectively improve the performances of the device such as luminous efficiency, service life and the like after being applied to a luminous layer or a hole blocking or electron transport layer of an OLED device.
In the following, some of the compounds provided by the present invention are taken as examples, and are applied to an organic electroluminescent device as a light emitting layer material (host material and/or doped dye), a hole blocking material, and an electron transport material, respectively, to verify the excellent effects obtained by the compounds.
The excellent effect of the OLED material applied to the device is specifically illustrated by the device performances of device examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-2. The structure manufacturing processes of the device examples 1-9 and the comparative examples 1-2 are completely the same, the same glass substrate and electrode material are adopted, the film thickness of the electrode material is kept consistent, and the difference is that the material of the light emitting layer is adjusted as follows.
Device application example
Device example 1
The present embodiment provides an organic electroluminescent device, which has a structure as shown in fig. 1, and includes a substrate 1, an anode layer 2, a hole injection layer 3, a first hole transport layer 4, a second hole transport layer 5, a light emitting layer 6, a hole blocking layer 7, an electron transport layer 8, an electron injection layer 9, and a cathode layer 10, which are sequentially stacked.
Wherein, the anode layer 2 is made of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) with high work function, the hole injection layer 3 is made of HAT-CN with the thickness of 5 nm; NPB is selected as the material of the first hole transport layer 4, and the thickness is 60 nm; TCTA is selected as the material of the second hole transport layer 5, and the thickness is 15 nm; the light-emitting layer 6 used compound 3 as a host material and GD01 as a light-emitting material, with a doping ratio of 6% and a thickness of 30 nm; TPBI is selected as the material of the hole blocking layer 7, and the thickness is 10 nm; the material of the electron transport layer 8 is ET-1, and the thickness is 35 nm; liq is selected as the material of the electron injection layer 9, and the thickness is 2 nm; the cathode layer is made of Al and has a thickness of 100 nm.
The structural formula of the basic material used by each functional layer in the device is as follows:
Figure BDA0002400092120000161
Figure BDA0002400092120000171
the organic electroluminescent device is prepared by the following specific steps:
1) cleaning an ITO anode on a transparent glass substrate, respectively ultrasonically cleaning the ITO anode for 20 minutes by using deionized water, acetone and ethanol, and then carrying out Plasma (Plasma) treatment for 5 minutes in an oxygen atmosphere;
2) evaporating a hole injection layer material HAT-CN on the ITO anode layer in a vacuum evaporation mode, wherein the thickness of the hole injection layer material HAT-CN is 5nm, and the hole injection layer is used as a hole injection layer;
3) evaporating a hole transport material NPB on the hole injection layer in a vacuum evaporation mode, wherein the thickness of the hole transport material NPB is 60nm, and the hole transport layer is used as a first hole transport layer;
4) evaporating a hole transport material TCTA on the first hole transport layer NPB in a vacuum evaporation mode, wherein the thickness of the TCTA is 15nm, and the TCTA serves as a second hole transport layer;
5) co-evaporating a light-emitting layer on the second hole transport layer by vacuum evaporation, using a compound 3 as a host material and GD01 as a light-emitting material, wherein the doping ratio is 6%, and the thickness is 30 nm;
6) evaporating a hole blocking material TPBI on the light-emitting layer in a vacuum evaporation mode, wherein the thickness of the hole blocking material TPBI is 10nm, and the layer is used as a hole blocking layer;
7) evaporating an electron transport material ET-1 on the hole blocking layer in a vacuum evaporation mode, wherein the thickness of the electron transport material ET-1 is 35nm, and the electron transport material ET-1 serves as an electron transport layer;
8) evaporating an electron injection material Liq on the electron transport layer in a vacuum evaporation mode, wherein the thickness of the electron injection material Liq is 2nm, and the electron injection layer is used as an electron injection layer;
9) on the electron injection layer, a cathode Al was deposited by vacuum deposition to a thickness of 100nm, and the layer was used as a cathode conductive electrode.
Device example 2
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 13 was used as the host material in place of compound 3.
Device example 3
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 14 was used as the host material in place of compound 3.
Device example 4
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 21 was used as the host material in place of compound 3.
Device example 5
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 49 was used as the host material in place of compound 3.
Device example 6
Same as device example 1, except that: CBP is used as a host material, and compound 3 is used as a luminescent material.
Device example 7
Same as device example 6, except that: compound 14 was used as the light-emitting material.
Device example 8
Same as device example 6, except that: GD01 was used as the light-emitting material, and compound 46 was used as the hole-blocking material.
Device example 9
Same as device example 6, except that: GD01 was used as the light-emitting material, and compound 48 was used as the electron-transporting material.
Comparative example 1
Same as device example 1, except that: CBP was used as the host material instead of compound 3.
Comparative example 2
Same as comparative example 1 except that: GD02 is used as a luminescent material instead of GD 01.
The components of the devices prepared in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 2 of the present invention are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison table of organic electroluminescent element components of each device example
Figure BDA0002400092120000191
Connecting the cathode and the anode of each group of organic electroluminescent devices by using a known driving circuit, and testing the voltage-efficiency-current density relation of the OLED devices by adopting a Keithley2400 power supply and a PR670 photometer through a standard method; the service life of the device is tested by a constant current method under the condition that the constant current density is 10mA/cm2The time for the test brightness to decay to 95% of the initial brightness is the device LT95Lifetime, test results are shown in table 3:
table 3 performance results for each group of organic electroluminescent devices
Figure BDA0002400092120000201
As can be seen from Table 3, the compound provided by the present invention is excellent in performance when applied to an OLED green light emitter as a host material of a light emitting layer. Compared with the CBP of the comparative example 1, the compound 21 in the device example 4 serving as the phosphorescent main body material has the advantages that the luminous efficiency and the service life are both remarkably improved, the luminous efficiency is improved by 14.1%, and the service life is improved by more than 29.5%; the compounds in device examples 6-7 have excellent performance as TADF luminescent materials, and compared with GD02 in comparative example 2, the compound 14 has the advantages of improved luminous efficiency by 17.1%, improved service life by 50%, and excellent color coordinates. The core structure can be used as a hole blocking material after being modified, for example, after the compound 46 replaces TPBI in the embodiment 8, the efficiency of the device is improved by 8.1%, and the service life is improved by 35.2%; compared with ET-1 in comparative example 1, the compound 48 as an electron transport material in example 9 has the advantages that the device efficiency is improved by 10.2 percent, and the device service life is improved by 44.8 percent. Compared with the prior material applied to the OLED light-emitting device, the compound provided by the invention has good photoelectric properties such as luminous efficiency, service life, color purity and the like, and the material has a simple synthesis process, has a great application value in the application of the OLED device, and has a good industrial prospect.
The invention forms an imidazocarbazole brand-new receptor skeleton by locking a free-rotating phenyl group on the basis of the existing phenylbenzimidazole, and obtains a donor-receptor type compound by connecting donor groups such as amines, carbazole derivatives, acridine derivatives and the like at a fixed substitution position for modification; or the fixed substituted position is modified by typical acceptor groups such as triazine, pyrimidine, pyridine, benzimidazole and the like, so as to further optimize the molecular orbital energy level and the electron transport performance. The compound modified by a specific group has a proper front line orbital energy level and triplet state energy, and the innovative series of compounds have excellent performance as a host material or a luminescent material or an electron transport material in an organic electroluminescent (OLED) device.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that such changes and modifications be included within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. A compound using imidazole carbazole as an acceptor is characterized in that the structural general formula is shown as formula (I):
Figure FDA0002882415810000011
wherein Ar is1Is an electron donating group or an electron accepting group,
ar is1When it is an electron donating group, it is selected from any one of the following structural formulas:
Figure FDA0002882415810000012
Figure FDA0002882415810000021
ar is1When it is an electron accepting group, it is selected from any one of the following structural formulas:
Figure FDA0002882415810000022
Figure FDA0002882415810000031
2. a compound selected from the following structures:
Figure FDA0002882415810000032
Figure FDA0002882415810000041
Figure FDA0002882415810000051
3. use of a compound according to claim 1 or 2 in an organic electroluminescent device.
4. An organic electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer, characterized in that a host material and/or a light-emitting dye of the light-emitting layer is the compound of claim 1 or 2.
5. An organic electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer and a hole-blocking layer, wherein the hole-blocking layer is made of a compound according to claim 1 or 2.
6. An organic electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer, wherein the electron transport layer is made of the compound according to claim 1 or 2.
7. Use of the organic electroluminescent device of claim 4 in an organic electroluminescent display device.
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