Composite material and method for removing antibiotics in water body
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental water pollution treatment, in particular to a composite material and a method for removing antibiotics in a water body.
Background
As antibiotics are widely applied in the fields of human medical treatment, agricultural production, livestock raising, aquaculture and the like, the antibiotics are detected in surface water, underground water and even drinking water, and the antibiotics remained in the water body can cause harm to various organisms, induce drug resistance and further threaten the safety of ecological environment and the health of human bodies.
The method for removing the antibiotics in the water body mainly comprises the following steps: membrane filtration, adsorption, electrochemical, photodegradation, oxidation, biological, and the like. The adsorption method is an important method for removing water body antibiotic pollution, and is low in cost, simple to operate and free of high-toxicity metabolite risk in the treatment process, and is considered to be one of the most promising effective means in the technology for treating trace pollutants in the environment, so that the development of a novel efficient adsorption material which is low in cost and easy to synthesize and is used for removing the water body antibiotic is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite material for quickly removing antibiotics in a water body and a method for removing the antibiotics in the water body by using the composite material.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a composite material for removing antibiotics in a water body is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of shells, 20-40 parts of iron tailing sand and 10-20 parts of clay.
Wherein the shell is mussel, scallop, oyster, freshwater mussel, clam, pearl oyster, etc., and has no special requirement.
Wherein the iron tailing sand is solid waste discharged after the useful components are selected by grinding iron ore.
Wherein the clay is conventional clay.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the shells in a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.5% for 30-40 min, washing with water, drying, crushing and grinding the shells with clean surfaces, and sieving the shells with a 100-mesh sieve;
(2) respectively crushing the dried iron tailing sand and clay, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve;
(3) uniformly mixing the shell powder, the iron tailing sand and the clay which are obtained after crushing according to the weight part ratio, wherein the water content is 45-60%, granulating in a granulator, drying at 105 ℃, and roasting at 350-750 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the iron tailing sand.
Furthermore, in the step (3), the grain size of the granules is 2-3 mm.
Furthermore, the composite material can remove tetracycline, quinolone and sulfonamide antibiotics in water, such as tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin (CIP), sulfadiazine and the like, wherein the antibiotics exist in a soluble solution form.
A method for removing antibiotics in a water body by using the composite material comprises the following steps:
(I) measuring the content of antibiotics in the water body;
(II) adding a certain amount of composite material according to the content of the antibiotics, and oscillating and uniformly mixing at room temperature for 5-10 hours;
(III) filtering, precipitating or centrifuging the composite material from the water body, and recovering;
(IV) heating the recovered particles at 100-200 ℃ for 1-3 h to inactivate the antibiotics and reuse the inactivated antibiotics.
In the method, 1g of composite material is added into each liter of water body, so that at least 5mg of antibiotics in the water body can be removed.
Particularly, 5-7 mg of antibiotics in the water body can be removed by adding 1g of composite material into each liter of water body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: with the rapid development of shellfish culture and processing industry, thousands of tons of shells are generated in China every year, the added value is low, most of the shells are directly discarded as waste except that few kinds of shells become precious medicinal materials or artware after being processed, land resources are occupied, and serious environmental pollution is caused. From the resource perspective, the shell is an organic-inorganic composite biomineralization material, wherein calcium carbonate accounts for about 95 percent, and the rest 5 percent is organic matters such as protein, polysaccharide and the like, and the special structure enables the shell powder to have better organic affinity and water sinking performance. The iron tailing sand is waste after mineral separation in the iron and steel industry, and also has the characteristics of large specific surface area, certain adsorption capacity, high density, easiness in sedimentation in water and the like.
The invention utilizes the characteristics of the shell powder and the iron tailing sand, takes the solid waste of the waste shell and the iron tailing sand as the main raw material, has large amount, low price and easy obtainment, treats the antibiotics in the water body by using the solid waste, improves the water quality, equivalently treats the pollution by using the waste, changes waste into valuable and obviously reduces the treatment cost. Secondly, the composite material only needs 5-10 hours for removing antibiotics in the water body, is quick and efficient, and is easy to precipitate, separate and recover. Third, the recycled composite material can be recycled. Fourthly, the invention provides an effective way for the development and utilization of a large amount of solid waste shells and iron tailing sand and the treatment of wastewater, and has important significance for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of industry and agriculture.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Example 1
A shell powder and iron tailing sand composite material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) soaking mussel shell in 0.2% hydrochloric acid solution for 40 min, washing with water, oven drying, pulverizing, grinding, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve.
(2) Drying, crushing and grinding the iron tailing sand, and sieving the iron tailing sand by a 100-mesh sieve;
(3) the shell powder, the iron tailing sand powder and the clay which are obtained after crushing are prepared according to the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of shell powder, 40 parts of iron tailing sand and 20 parts of clay are proportioned and mixed uniformly, and the water content is 50%.
(4) Granulating in a granulator to obtain particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and drying at 105 ℃.
(5) Roasting at 500 deg.c for 2 hr and cooling to obtain composite particle.
Wherein the iron tailings sand is derived from Handan north Minghe iron ore in Hebei province, and the main chemical components are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 main chemical composition of iron tailings sand in example 1
Example 2
A shell powder and iron tailing sand composite material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) soaking scallop and oyster shell in 0.3% hydrochloric acid solution for 35 min, washing with water, oven drying the shell with clean surface, pulverizing, grinding, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve.
(2) Drying, crushing and grinding the iron tailing sand, and sieving the iron tailing sand by a 100-mesh sieve;
(3) the shell powder, the iron tailing sand powder and the clay which are obtained after crushing are prepared according to the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of shell powder, 30 parts of iron tailing sand and 15 parts of clay are proportioned and mixed uniformly, and the water content is 60%.
(4) Granulating in a granulator to obtain particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and drying at 105 ℃.
(5) Roasting at 350 deg.c for 3 hr and cooling to obtain composite particle.
Wherein the iron tailing sand comes from Chengde of Hebei province, and the main chemical components are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 main chemical composition of iron tailings sand in example 2
Example 3
A shell powder and iron tailing sand composite material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) soaking clam shells in 0.5% hydrochloric acid solution for 30 min, washing with water, oven drying the shells with clean surface, pulverizing, grinding, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve.
(2) Drying, crushing and grinding the iron tailing sand, and sieving the iron tailing sand by a 100-mesh sieve;
(3) the shell powder, the iron tailing sand powder and the clay which are obtained after crushing are prepared according to the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of shell powder, 20 parts of iron tailing sand and 10 parts of clay are proportioned and uniformly mixed, and the water content is 55%.
(4) Granulating in a granulator to obtain particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and drying at 105 ℃.
(5) Roasting at 700 deg.c for 2 hr and cooling to obtain composite particle.
Wherein the iron tailings are derived from Handan-jade plano iron ore in Hebei province, and the main chemical components are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 main chemical composition of iron tailings sand in example 3
Examples 4 to 12
Preparing antibiotic-containing (1-10 mg/L) solutions with different concentrations, wherein 1L of the antibiotic-containing solutions are filled in each container, and treating the solutions by respectively adopting the composite materials prepared in different embodiments.
According to the antibiotic content in the examples 4-6, the composite material is properly added, the addition amount of the composite material can be equal to or larger than 5mg per g of the antibiotic removal amount in the solution, and after the composite material is added to the antibiotic-containing solution at room temperature (10-35 ℃), the composite material is continuously vibrated and uniformly mixed for 5-10 hours. And filtering, precipitating or centrifuging the treated composite material from a water body, recovering, and heating at 100-200 ℃ for 1-3 h to inactivate antibiotics for reuse. The results shown in table 4 show that the removal rate of the composite material to the antibiotics in the water body is greater than 97%.
TABLE 4 iron tailings sand composite material treatment of cobalt-containing wastewater results
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.