CN111189491A - Gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system and method based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequency - Google Patents
Gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system and method based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN111189491A CN111189491A CN201911126958.4A CN201911126958A CN111189491A CN 111189491 A CN111189491 A CN 111189491A CN 201911126958 A CN201911126958 A CN 201911126958A CN 111189491 A CN111189491 A CN 111189491A
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 79
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Abstract
The invention provides a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system and method based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies, and the system comprises a measuring pipe section, a battery and a measuring circuit, wherein the measuring pipe section comprises an ultrasonic sensor and a radio frequency antenna, the battery is used for supplying power to the measuring circuit, the ultrasonic sensor and the radio frequency antenna are electrically connected with the measuring circuit, the measuring circuit is used for adjusting the voltage of the battery and then supplying power to the ultrasonic sensor and the radio frequency antenna, and the type of fluid is judged according to output signals of the ultrasonic sensor and/or the radio frequency antenna, and gas flow, liquid flow and total flow are calculated. The gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies provided by the invention realizes that the gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system is directly connected in series on a blowout pipe line under the condition of no gas-liquid separation through the ultrasonic sensor, the radio frequency antenna and the measuring circuit, and is suitable for measuring the split-phase flow and the total flow of any gas-liquid proportion in the whole blowout process of a gas well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field production metering, and particularly relates to a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system and method based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequency.
Background
The flow-back process of the fracturing fluid after fracturing of the gas well 47 is divided into an initial stage, a middle stage and a later stage.
In the initial stage of fracturing fluid flowback, the fluid flowback is primarily comprised of fluids in the formation in the wellbore. In the middle period of liquid drainage, original liquid in a shaft is completely drained, fluid drained from a stratum is sometimes liquid, sometimes gas and sometimes gas-liquid mixed fluid, the gas-liquid ratio is uncertain, and the fluid can be water-full, gas-full or mixed fluid with any gas-water ratio, three states of gas-full, water-full or gas-liquid mixing can alternately appear, and when the drained gas-liquid mixed fluid is gas-liquid mixed fluid, the flow state is turbulent flow. In the latter stages of drainage, the gas well 47 is approaching normal production and the fluid drained is primarily gas, but not exclusively contains some liquid.
The prior art measures the flow of the return fluid by an estimation method, in which the amount of the discharged liquid is estimated for the liquid entering the discharge tank according to the geometry and size of the blowdown tank, and the gas is ignited for combustion. That is, gas is not estimated, and liquid discharge capacity is estimated according to liquid discharge time and the geometric shape and the size of a sewage disposal pool, so that accurate measurement cannot be carried out. And secondly, a separation method is adopted, the gas and the liquid are separated by a separator, the flow rates of the separated gas and liquid are measured respectively, and finally the total flow rate is obtained.
The first method does not obtain the discharge amount of gas and the total flow rate of gas and liquid, and the metering of liquid can be only an estimation; the second method has the problems of large equipment, difficult transportation, high manufacturing cost, complex construction and high operation cost because a special separation device is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies, which overcomes the technical problems in the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring method based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequency, which is directly connected on a blowout pipe line in series under the condition of no gas-liquid separation and is suitable for measuring the split-phase flow and the total flow of any gas-liquid ratio in the whole blowout process of a gas well.
Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies comprises a measuring pipe section, a battery and a measuring circuit, wherein the measuring pipe section comprises an ultrasonic sensor and a radio frequency antenna, the battery is used for supplying power to the measuring circuit, the ultrasonic sensor and the radio frequency antenna are electrically connected with the measuring circuit, the measuring circuit is used for adjusting the voltage of the battery and then supplying power to the ultrasonic sensor and the radio frequency antenna, judging the type of fluid according to output signals of the ultrasonic sensor and/or the radio frequency antenna and calculating to obtain gas flow, liquid flow and total flow.
The measuring pipe section comprises ultrasonic sensors, radio frequency antennas, an inner pipe and an outer protecting pipe, the outer protecting pipe is arranged outside the inner pipe, the two pairs of ultrasonic sensors are arranged in a crossed mode, the two pairs of ultrasonic waves are respectively a first ultrasonic sensor, a second ultrasonic sensor, a third ultrasonic sensor and a fourth ultrasonic sensor, the frequency of the first pair of ultrasonic sensors is suitable for being transmitted in liquid, the frequency of the second pair of ultrasonic sensors is suitable for being transmitted in gas, and the two radio frequency antennas are respectively a first radio frequency antenna and a second radio frequency antenna;
the inner pipe is sequentially provided with a first radio frequency antenna, a second radio frequency antenna and an ultrasonic sensor along the flowing direction of the fluid, a first straight line where the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor are located intersects with the axis of the inner pipe and forms an included angle of 35-55 degrees with the axis, a second straight line where the third ultrasonic sensor and the fourth ultrasonic sensor are located intersects with the axis of the inner pipe and forms an included angle of 125-145 degrees with the axis, and the first straight line and the second straight line intersect with the axis at the same point.
The inner tube comprises a right transition tube, a radio frequency antenna installation tube, an ultrasonic sensor installation body and a left transition tube which are sequentially connected along the fluid direction.
The first radio frequency antenna and the second radio frequency antenna are both arranged perpendicular to the axis, and the distance between the first radio frequency antenna and the second radio frequency antenna is 1-8 cm.
The frequency of the first ultrasonic sensor and the frequency of the second ultrasonic sensor are both 500kHz-2MHz, and the frequency of the third ultrasonic sensor and the frequency of the fourth ultrasonic sensor are both 20kHz-200 kHz.
The right transition pipe is connected with one end of the outer protecting pipe through a right connecting pipe and a right plug, and the left transition pipe is connected with the other end of the outer protecting pipe through a left connecting pipe and a left plug.
A gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring method based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies uses a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies, when fluid flows through a measuring pipe section, two radio frequency antennas and/or two pairs of ultrasonic sensors output signals to a measuring circuit, the measuring circuit judges the type of the fluid according to the signals, and gas flow, liquid flow and total flow are calculated.
The fluid type comprises liquid, gas and gas-liquid mixture;
when the amplitude of a signal obtained by transmitting and receiving signals from one end of the first radio frequency antenna or the other end of the second radio frequency antenna is 1.2-1.8V, the measuring circuit judges that the fluid is liquid, then the measuring circuit obtains the flow speed through the time difference of mutually receiving signals by the first pair of ultrasonic sensors, and finally the liquid flow is calculated;
when the amplitude of a signal obtained by transmitting and receiving signals from one end of the first radio frequency antenna or the other end of the second radio frequency antenna is 0.3-0.6V, the measuring circuit judges that the fluid is gas, then the measuring circuit obtains the flow speed through the time difference of mutually receiving signals of the second pair of ultrasonic sensors, and finally the gas flow is calculated;
when fluid passes through the two pairs of ultrasonic sensors and no response exists, the measuring circuit judges that the fluid is gas-liquid mixed, the measuring circuit averages the gas content or the liquid content measured by the two radio frequency antennas, then obtains the time for passing through the two radio frequency antennas according to the correlation function of signals received by the two radio frequency antennas, obtains the flow speed according to the time and the distance, and finally calculates the total flow, the gas flow and the liquid flow.
The time difference of the mutual receiving signals of the first pair of ultrasonic sensors is delta t;
wherein, the first ultrasonic sensor transmits, the second ultrasonic sensor receives for a time of
The second ultrasonic sensor transmits and the first ultrasonic sensor receives for a time of
Then the time difference
in the formula, upsilon is flow velocity m/s, c is propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in a medium, c is 340m/s for gas and 1480m/s for water, D is inner diameter of a pipeline, m and alpha is an included angle between a straight line where two pairs of ultrasonic sensors are located and an axis.
The correlation function of the signals received by the two radio frequency antennas is as follows:
wherein x (t) is a signal received by the first RF antenna; y (t) is a signal received by the second radio frequency antenna; t is the length of the time period, s; τ is the time, s, corresponding to the maximum value of Rxy obtained by cross-correlation operation; t is an integral variable, s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies provided by the invention realizes that the gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system is directly connected in series on a blowout pipe line under the condition of no gas-liquid separation through the ultrasonic sensor, the radio frequency antenna and the measuring circuit, and is suitable for measuring the split-phase flow and the total flow of any gas-liquid ratio in the whole blowout process of a gas well.
When the conventional gas-liquid separation metering method is used for a self-blowing well which does not need power electricity at a well site, a special power system is required to be erected, the power consumption of the separator is high, the weight of the separator reaches dozens of tons, and the construction processes of transportation, connection with a blowout pipeline and the like are complex. The invention adopts the battery to supply power to the measuring system, the weight is within 100kg, power electricity is not needed any more, the weight is light, the transportation is convenient, the whole system is connected to the blowout pipeline through the screw thread, the construction is convenient, and the flow of the mixed fluid of full liquid, full gas and any gas-liquid ratio can be measured.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a measurement pipe section.
In the figure:
description of reference numerals:
1. a left connecting pipe; 2. a left plug; 3. an outer protecting pipe; 4. a left transition duct; 5. an ultrasonic sensor mounting body; 6. a first radio frequency antenna; 7. a radio frequency antenna mounting tube; 8. a right transition duct; 9. a right plug; 10. a fourth lead-out terminal; 11. a right connecting pipe; 12. a second radio frequency antenna; 13. a first ultrasonic sensor; 14. a first weld; 15. a set screw; 16. a first seal ring; 17. a thread; 18. a second seal ring; 19. a third lead-out terminal; 20. a third seal ring; 21. a second ultrasonic sensor; 22. a third ultrasonic sensor; 23. A fourth seal ring; 24. a first positioning pin; 25. a second positioning pin; 26. a fifth seal ring; 27. a fourth ultrasonic sensor; 28. a first sealing needle; 29. a sixth seal ring; 30. a third positioning pin; 31. a pin; 32. a cable outlet; 33. a second weld; 34. a second sealing needle; 35. a third sealing needle; 36. a seventh seal ring; 37. a fourth positioning pin; 38. a fourth sealing needle; 39. a first lead-out terminal; 40. a second lead-out end; 41. an eighth seal ring; 42. measuring a pipe section; 43. a battery; 44. a measurement circuit; 45. a wireless transmitter; 46. a remote wireless receiver; 47. a gas well; 48. and (4) a collecting device.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and capabilities of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
In the present invention, the upper, lower, left and right sides of the drawing are regarded as the upper, lower, left and right sides of the ultrasonic-and radio-frequency-based gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement system described in this specification.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for complete and complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the drawings, the same units/elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides an ultrasonic and radio frequency based gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system, which comprises a measuring pipe section 42, a battery 43 and a measuring circuit 44, wherein the measuring pipe section 42 comprises an ultrasonic sensor and a radio frequency antenna, the battery 43 is used for supplying power to the measuring circuit 44, the ultrasonic sensor and the radio frequency antenna are electrically connected with the measuring circuit 44, the measuring circuit 44 is used for adjusting the voltage of the battery 43 and then supplying power to the ultrasonic sensor and the radio frequency antenna, judging the type of fluid according to the output signals of the ultrasonic sensor and/or the radio frequency antenna and calculating the gas flow, the liquid flow and the total flow.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment provides an ultrasonic and rf based gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement system, where the measurement pipe segment 42 includes an ultrasonic sensor, an rf antenna, an inner pipe, and an outer pipe 3, the outer pipe 3 is disposed outside the inner pipe, the ultrasonic sensors are two pairs and are arranged in a cross manner, the two pairs of ultrasonic waves are respectively a first ultrasonic sensor 13 and a second ultrasonic sensor 21, a third ultrasonic sensor 22, and a fourth ultrasonic sensor 27, where the frequency of the first pair of ultrasonic sensors is suitable for propagating in a liquid, the frequency of the second pair of ultrasonic sensors is suitable for propagating in a gas, and the two rf antennas are respectively a first rf antenna 6 and a second rf antenna 12;
the inner pipe is sequentially provided with a first radio frequency antenna 6, a second radio frequency antenna 12 and an ultrasonic sensor along the flowing direction of fluid, a first straight line where the first ultrasonic sensor 13 and the second ultrasonic sensor 21 are located is intersected with the axis of the inner pipe and forms an included angle of 35-55 degrees with the axis, a second straight line where the third ultrasonic sensor 22 and the fourth ultrasonic sensor 27 are located is intersected with the axis of the inner pipe and forms an included angle of 125-145 degrees with the axis, and the first straight line and the second straight line are intersected with the axis at the same point.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
1) when the tube is full of liquid. I.e. no gas in the tube, 100% liquid. The response characteristics of each ultrasonic sensor were:
a first pair of ultrasonic sensors: the ultrasonic sensor is composed of a first ultrasonic sensor 13 and a second ultrasonic sensor 21, and the installation angle is 35-55 degrees. The ultrasonic signals of the frequencies of the pair of ultrasonic sensors have good propagation characteristics in the liquid, and the flow rate of the whole liquid can be measured.
A second pair of ultrasonic sensors: the ultrasonic sensor pair is composed of a third ultrasonic sensor 22 and a fourth ultrasonic sensor 27, the installation angle is 125-145 degrees, and ultrasonic signals of the frequency of the pair of ultrasonic sensors have good propagation characteristics in gas but are not suitable for measuring the liquid flow.
Two radio-frequency antennas (first radio-frequency antenna 6 and second radio-frequency antenna 12): when the tube is full of liquid, the dielectric constant of the liquid is far greater than that of air, and the amplitude of a signal obtained by transmitting at one end and receiving at the other end of any radio frequency antenna is 1.2-1.8V, so that the liquid in the tube can be verified.
Therefore, the signals measured by the first pair of ultrasonic sensors are taken as the flow measurement results. The principle of measuring the flow is as follows: the first ultrasonic sensor 13 and the second ultrasonic sensor 21 alternately transmit pulse signals, the first ultrasonic sensor 13 transmits, and the second ultrasonic sensor 21 receives for the time
The second ultrasonic sensor 21 transmits and the first ultrasonic sensor 13 receives for a time period of
The time difference between the two is
The flow rates obtained were:
wherein upsilon is flow velocity, m/s, c is propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in a medium, c is 1480m/s (for water), D is inner diameter of the pipeline, m and alpha is an included angle between a straight line where the first pair of ultrasonic sensors are located and an axis.
2) The tube is filled with gas flowing in the tube. I.e. no liquid in the tube, 100% gas. The response characteristics of each ultrasonic sensor are:
a first pair of ultrasonic sensors: ultrasonic signals with corresponding frequencies have good propagation characteristics in liquid, but are attenuated quickly in gas, so that the signals are difficult to detect and are not suitable for measuring the gas flow.
A second pair of ultrasonic sensors: the ultrasonic signal of the corresponding frequency has good propagation characteristics in the gas, and is very suitable for measuring the gas flow.
Two radio frequency antennas (first radio frequency antenna 6 and second radio frequency antenna 12): when the pipe is filled with gas, the dielectric constant of the gas is far smaller than that of the liquid, the amplitude of a signal obtained by transmitting from one end of any antenna and receiving from the other end of any antenna is 0.3-0.6V, and the signal can be used for confirming that the pipe is filled with gas, so that the signal measured by the second pair of ultrasonic sensors can be used as a flow measurement result.
By
calculating the flow velocity, wherein the angle alpha is the included angle between the straight line of the second pair of ultrasonic sensors and the axis, and c is the sound velocity of the ultrasonic waves in the gas and is 340m/s (for the gas).
3) The inside of the pipe is filled with gas-liquid mixed fluid flowing in the pipe, the typical inner diameter of the blowout pipeline is 62mm, the flow rate of blowout of the gas well 47 is 2-10 ten thousand square per day, the Reynolds number is far more than 4000, and therefore the flow state of the gas well is necessarily turbulent flow. However, the gas-liquid ratio is unknown, and the response characteristics of each ultrasonic sensor are as follows:
a first pair of ultrasonic sensors: ultrasonic signals of this frequency have good propagation characteristics in liquid, but attenuate rapidly in gas, and when the gas proportion is high, it is difficult to detect signals, and because the gas content is unknown, it is difficult to be used for flow measurement of gas-water mixed liquid.
A second pair of ultrasonic sensors: in contrast to the first pair of ultrasonic sensors, it cannot be used for flow measurements with high water content.
Two radio frequency antennas: the gas content or the liquid content can be measured simultaneously, and the average value of the gas content and the liquid content is used as the final gas content or the final liquid content. Meanwhile, because the two antennas are installed according to the distance of 1cm-8cm, under the conditions of turbulent flow and gas, when liquid passes through the first antenna and the second antenna, the received signals have relevance, and the flow can be calculated through the correlation calculation, and the specific principle is as follows:
assuming that the signal received by the first rf antenna 6 is x (t) and the signal received by the second rf antenna 12 is y (t), the correlation function between the two is:
t successive measurements are divided in time into a number of time segments, T being the length of the time segment, in units: s; τ is the time, s, corresponding to the maximum value of Rxy obtained by cross-correlation operation; t is time, s. in the formula is an integral variable, i.e. an independent variable of x (t) and y (t).
The time corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation function is the time for the liquid to pass through the two radio frequency antennas, and the installation distance of the two radio frequency antennas is known, so that the flow speed can be obtained according to the time and the distance, and the flow can be calculated according to the pipe diameter and the flow speed.
Wherein, the receiving signal of the radio frequency antenna and the dielectric constant epsilon of the fluid in the piperin relation to the conductivity σ, the phase attenuation coefficient β and the amplitude attenuation coefficient γ are respectively:
wherein gamma is amplitude attenuation coefficient Np/m, β is phase attenuation coefficient rad/m, mu is magnetic conductivity of fluid H/m, epsilonrIs the relative dielectric constant of the fluid; ω is angular frequency, rad; σ is the conductivity of the fluid, S/m.
The gas in the gas-liquid is mainly natural gas, and the liquid is mainly water. The gas-liquid ratio is different, because the dielectric constant of the liquid is 80, and the relative dielectric constant of the gas is 2, which is 40 times of the relative dielectric constant. Therefore, when the gas-liquid ratio in the pipe is different, the amplitude and the phase are different, the gas-liquid ratio in the pipe can be detected through the amplitude and the phase, and the gas-liquid ratio can be completely distinguished into liquid or gas.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies, as shown in a dotted line frame of fig. 1, the gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system comprises a measuring pipe section 42, a battery 43 and a measuring circuit 44, the measuring circuit 44 sends a signal to a wireless transmitter 45 after obtaining flow, and the wireless transmitter 45 sends a flow signal to a remote wireless receiver 46 through wireless transmission.
The fluid inlet is connected to the wellhead of a gas well 47 by a pipeline, and the outlet of the measurement tubing section 42 is connected to a gas-liquid collection device 48 by a pipeline. The battery 43 is a rechargeable battery 43.
The rechargeable battery 43, the measuring circuit 44, the wireless transmitting and remote wireless receiver 46 and other components are arranged outside the measuring pipe section 42, wherein the rechargeable battery 43 supplies power to the measuring circuit 44, the function and function of the measuring circuit 44 are to adjust the voltage of the rechargeable battery 43 and then supply power to various ultrasonic sensors and radio frequency antennas in the measuring pipe section 42, to provide excitation or transmitting signals to various sensors in the measuring pipe section 42 and receive output signals of the ultrasonic sensors, and to process the output signals of the ultrasonic sensors and calculate the gas flow, the liquid flow and the total flow.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies, and as shown in fig. 2, the inner pipe comprises a right transition pipe 8, a radio frequency antenna installation pipe 7, an ultrasonic sensor installation body 5 and a left transition pipe 4 which are sequentially connected in the fluid direction.
The right transition pipe 8 is connected with one end of the outer protecting pipe 3 through a right connecting pipe 11 and a right plug 9, and the left transition pipe 4 is connected with the other end of the outer protecting pipe 3 through a left connecting pipe 1 and a left plug 2.
In this embodiment, the left connecting pipe 1 is connected with the collecting device 48 connecting pipe in fig. 1 through the thread 17, the right connecting pipe 11 of the measuring pipe section 42 is connected with the blowout pipeline in fig. 1 through the thread 17, and the other end of the blowout pipeline is connected with the wellhead of the gas well 47. The arrows indicate the direction of fluid flow within the pipe.
Referring to fig. 2, the left connecting pipe 1 of the measurement pipe section 42 is connected with the left transition pipe 4 through a thread 17 and sealed by a first sealing ring 16, the left connecting pipe 1 is further connected with the left plug 2 through a first welding seam 14, and the outer diameter of the left plug 2 is connected with the outer protecting pipe 3 through a fixing screw 15 and sealed by a seventh sealing ring 36.
Referring to fig. 2, the right end of the left transition tube 4 is connected to the ultrasonic sensor mounting body 5 through a thread 17 and a fourth positioning pin 37 of the second sealing ring 18, the other end of the mounting body is connected to the rf antenna mounting tube 7 through a thread 17, a fourth sealing ring 23 and a first positioning pin 2424, the other end of the rf antenna mounting tube 7 is connected to the right transition tube 8 through a thread 17, a fifth sealing ring 26 and a second positioning pin 25, the right end of the right transition tube 8 is connected to the right connection tube 11 through a thread 17, a sixth sealing ring 29 and a third positioning pin 30, the right connection tube 11 is connected to the right bulkhead 9 through a second welding seam 33, the right bulkhead 9 is connected to the right end of the outer protection tube 3 through a pin 31, a cable outlet 32 of the right bulkhead 9 is used for passing through a multi-strand wire and is connected to the measurement circuit 44 in fig. 1, and functions to supply power to each ultrasonic sensor in the measurement tube, And provides the transmission signal to each ultrasonic sensor while receiving the output signal of each ultrasonic sensor.
Referring to fig. 2, four ultrasonic sensors are mounted on the ultrasonic sensor mounting body 5 in the measuring pipe section 42, each ultrasonic sensor is mounted in the same manner, and is mounted on the ultrasonic sensor mounting body 5 through the thread 17 and the sealing ring. Taking the first ultrasonic sensor 13 as an example, the first sensor is mounted on the ultrasonic sensor mounting body 5 through the screw 17 and the eighth seal 41, similarly, the second ultrasonic sensor 21 is mounted on the ultrasonic sensor mounting body 5 through the screw 17 and the third seal 20, and the third ultrasonic sensor 22 and the fourth ultrasonic sensor 27 are mounted in the same manner as above.
The first ultrasonic sensor 13 and the second ultrasonic sensor 21 of the four ultrasonic sensors form a pair for measuring the flow of all liquid in the pipe, and under the action of the measuring circuit 44 shown in fig. 1, the first ultrasonic sensor 13 transmits, the second ultrasonic sensor 21 receives, then the second ultrasonic sensor 21 transmits, and the first ultrasonic sensor 13 receives, and the steps are repeated, so that the time difference is obtained, and the real-time flow rate are calculated.
Referring to fig. 2, two rf antennas, namely a first rf antenna 6 and a second rf antenna 12, are mounted on the rf antenna mounting tube 7 in the measurement tube section 42, two ends of each rf antenna are respectively provided with a sealing needle, namely a first sealing needle 28, a second sealing needle 34, a third sealing needle 35 and a fourth sealing needle 38, each sealing needle is provided with a thread 17 and a sealing ring, and is a standard outsourcing member, which is used for connecting the antenna and the rf antenna mounting body together and sealing.
Referring to fig. 2, the first outlet 39 and the second outlet 40 of the first rf antenna 6 are a transmitting end and a receiving end, respectively, and the third outlet 19 and the fourth outlet 10 of the second rf antenna 12 are a transmitting end and a receiving end, respectively, which are led out from the multi-strand cable outlet 32 through cables and connected to the measuring circuit 44.
Example 5:
the embodiment provides a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies, wherein the first radio frequency antenna 6 and the second radio frequency antenna 12 are both installed in a mode of being perpendicular to the axis, and the distance between the first radio frequency antenna 6 and the second radio frequency antenna 12 is 1-8 cm.
The frequencies of the first ultrasonic sensor 13 and the second ultrasonic sensor 21 are both 500kHz-2MHz, and the frequencies of the third ultrasonic sensor 22 and the fourth ultrasonic sensor 27 are both 20kHz-200 kHz.
Example 6:
the embodiment provides a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring method based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies, which uses a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies, when fluid flows through a measuring pipe section 42, two radio frequency antennas and/or two pairs of ultrasonic sensors output signals to a measuring circuit 44, and the measuring circuit 44 judges the type of the fluid according to the signals and calculates the gas flow, the liquid flow and the total flow.
Example 7:
on the basis of embodiment 6, the present embodiment provides a gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement method based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequency, wherein the fluid types comprise liquid, gas and gas-liquid mixture;
when the amplitude of the signal obtained by transmitting and receiving the signal by one end of the first radio frequency antenna 6 or the other end of the second radio frequency antenna 12 is 1.2-1.8V, the measuring circuit 44 judges that the fluid is liquid, then the measuring circuit 44 obtains the flow speed through the time difference of the signals received by the first pair of ultrasonic sensors, and finally calculates the liquid flow;
when the amplitude of the signal obtained by transmitting and receiving the signal at one end of the first radio frequency antenna 6 or the other end of the second radio frequency antenna 12 is 0.3-0.6V, the measuring circuit 44 judges that the fluid is gas, then the measuring circuit 44 obtains the flow rate through the time difference of the signals received by the second pair of ultrasonic sensors, and finally calculates the gas flow;
when the fluid passes through and both the two pairs of ultrasonic sensors do not respond, the measuring circuit 44 judges that the fluid is gas-liquid mixed, the measuring circuit 44 averages the gas content or the liquid content measured by the two radio frequency antennas, then obtains the time for passing through the two radio frequency antennas according to the correlation function of signals received by the two radio frequency antennas, obtains the flow speed according to the time and the distance, and finally calculates the total flow, the gas flow and the liquid flow.
The time difference of the mutual receiving signals of the first pair of ultrasonic sensors is delta t;
wherein, the first ultrasonic sensor 13 transmits, and the second ultrasonic sensor 21 receives for a time of
The second ultrasonic sensor 21 transmits and the first ultrasonic sensor 13 receives for a time period of
Then the time difference
in the formula, upsilon is flow velocity m/s, c is propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in a medium, c is 340m/s for gas and 1480m/s for water, D is inner diameter of a pipeline, m and alpha is an included angle between a straight line where two pairs of ultrasonic sensors are located and an axis.
The correlation function of the signals received by the two radio frequency antennas is as follows:
wherein x (t) is a signal received by the first rf antenna 6; y (t) is a signal received by the second rf antenna 12; t is the length of the time period, s; τ is the time, s, corresponding to the maximum value of Rxy obtained by cross-correlation; t is an integral variable, s.
Example 8:
on the basis of embodiment 7, this embodiment provides a gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring method based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequency, and the flow measurement is divided into the following 3 cases:
the first condition is as follows: the tube is filled with liquid. I.e. no gas in the tube, 100% liquid. The response characteristics of each sensor are:
a first pair of ultrasonic sensors: the ultrasonic flow meter is composed of a first ultrasonic sensor 13 and a second ultrasonic sensor 21, the installation angle is 40 degrees (namely, the first straight line rotates anticlockwise by 40 degrees and is coincident with the axis), the frequency of the ultrasonic flow meter is 1MHz, ultrasonic signals of the frequency have good propagation characteristics in liquid, and the flow rate of the whole liquid can be measured.
A second pair of ultrasonic sensors: the third ultrasonic sensor 22 and the fourth ultrasonic sensor 27 are arranged at an angle of 140 ° (i.e. the second straight line is rotated counterclockwise by 140 ° and coincides with the axis), and the frequency is 40kHz, and the ultrasonic signal of the frequency has good propagation characteristics in gas but is not suitable for measuring the liquid flow.
Two radio frequency antennas: when the tube is full of liquid, the dielectric constant of the liquid is far greater than that of air, and the amplitude of a signal obtained by transmitting at one end and receiving at the other end of the first radio frequency antenna 6 or the second radio frequency antenna 12 is 1V, so that the liquid in the tube can be verified.
Therefore, the flow rate is calculated from the obtained time difference Δ t, and then the liquid flow rate is calculated.
Case two: the tube is filled with gas flowing in the tube. I.e. no liquid in the tube, 100% gas. The response characteristics of each sensor are:
a first pair of ultrasonic sensors: the frequency of the ultrasonic signal is 1MHz, the ultrasonic signal of the frequency has good propagation characteristics in liquid, but the ultrasonic signal is attenuated quickly in gas, the signal is difficult to detect, and the ultrasonic signal is not suitable for measuring the gas flow.
A second pair of ultrasonic sensors: the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 40kHz, and the ultrasonic wave signal with the frequency has good propagation characteristics in gas and is very suitable for measuring the gas flow.
Two radio frequency antennas: when the pipe is full of gas, because the dielectric constant of the gas is far smaller than that of the liquid, the amplitude of the signal obtained by transmitting the signal from one end and receiving the signal from the other end of the first radio frequency antenna 6 or the second radio frequency antenna 12 is 0.4V, which can be used for confirming that the pipe is full of gas, and therefore the signal measured by the second pair of ultrasonic sensors can be used as the flow measurement result.
Similarly, the flow velocity is calculated through the obtained time difference Δ t, and then the gas flow is calculated.
Case three: the gas-liquid mixed fluid flowing in the pipe is full of gas-liquid mixed fluid, the flow state is turbulent flow, but the gas-liquid ratio is unknown, and the response characteristics of each sensor are as follows:
a first pair of ultrasonic sensors: the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 1MHz, the ultrasonic wave signal of the frequency has good propagation characteristics in liquid, but the ultrasonic wave signal attenuates rapidly in gas, when the gas proportion is high, the signal is difficult to detect, and the gas content is unknown, so the ultrasonic wave signal is difficult to be used for flow measurement of gas-water mixed liquid.
A second pair of ultrasonic sensors: the frequency is 40kHz, and in contrast to the first pair of ultrasonic sensors, it cannot be used for flow measurement with high water content.
Two radio frequency antennas: the gas content or the liquid content can be measured simultaneously, and the average value of the two is used as the final gas content or the liquid content. Meanwhile, because the two radio frequency antennas are arranged at a certain distance, under the conditions of turbulent flow and gas, when liquid passes through the first radio frequency antenna and the second radio frequency antenna, the received signals have relevance, and the flow can be calculated through correlation operation.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (10)
1. A gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies is characterized in that: the device comprises a measuring pipe section (42), a battery (43) and a measuring circuit (44), wherein the measuring pipe section (42) comprises an ultrasonic sensor and a radio frequency antenna, the battery (43) is used for supplying power to the measuring circuit (44), the ultrasonic sensor and the radio frequency antenna are electrically connected with the measuring circuit (44), the measuring circuit (44) is used for supplying power to the ultrasonic sensor and the radio frequency antenna after the voltage of the battery (43) is adjusted, judging the type of fluid according to output signals of the ultrasonic sensor and/or the radio frequency antenna and calculating the gas flow, the liquid flow and the total flow.
2. An ultrasonic and radio frequency based gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the measuring pipe section (42) comprises ultrasonic sensors, radio frequency antennas, an inner pipe and an outer protecting pipe (3), the outer protecting pipe (3) is arranged outside the inner pipe, the two pairs of ultrasonic sensors are arranged in a crossed mode, two pairs of ultrasonic waves are respectively a first ultrasonic sensor (13) and a second ultrasonic sensor (21), a third ultrasonic sensor (22) and a fourth ultrasonic sensor (27), the frequency of the first pair of ultrasonic sensors is suitable for being transmitted in liquid, the frequency of the second pair of ultrasonic sensors is suitable for being transmitted in gas, and the two radio frequency antennas are respectively a first radio frequency antenna (6) and a second radio frequency antenna (12);
the inner pipe is sequentially provided with a first radio frequency antenna (6), a second radio frequency antenna (12) and an ultrasonic sensor along the flowing direction of fluid, a first straight line where the first ultrasonic sensor (13) and the second ultrasonic sensor (21) are located is intersected with the axis of the inner pipe, the included angle between the first straight line and the axis is 35-55 degrees, a second straight line where the third ultrasonic sensor (22) and the fourth ultrasonic sensor (27) are located is intersected with the axis of the inner pipe, the included angle between the second straight line and the axis is 125-145 degrees, and the first straight line and the second straight line are intersected with the axis at the same point.
3. An ultrasonic and radio frequency based gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement system according to claim 2, wherein: the inner tube comprises a right transition tube (8), a radio frequency antenna mounting tube (7), an ultrasonic sensor mounting body (5) and a left transition tube (4) which are sequentially connected along the fluid direction.
4. An ultrasonic and radio frequency based gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement system according to claim 2, wherein: the first radio frequency antenna (6) and the second radio frequency antenna (12) are both arranged perpendicular to the axis, and the distance between the first radio frequency antenna (6) and the second radio frequency antenna (12) is 1-8 cm.
5. An ultrasonic and radio frequency based gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement system according to claim 2, wherein: the frequencies of the first ultrasonic sensor (13) and the second ultrasonic sensor (21) are both 500kHz-2MHz, and the frequencies of the third ultrasonic sensor (22) and the fourth ultrasonic sensor (27) are both 20kHz-200 kHz.
6. An ultrasonic and radio frequency based gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement system according to claim 3, wherein: the right transition pipe (8) is connected with one end of the outer protecting pipe (3) through a right connecting pipe (11) and a right plug (9), and the left transition pipe (4) is connected with the other end of the outer protecting pipe (3) through a left connecting pipe (1) and a left plug (2).
7. An ultrasonic and radio frequency based gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring method using the ultrasonic and radio frequency based gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the fluid flows through the measuring pipe section (42), the two radio frequency antennae and/or the two pairs of ultrasonic sensors output signals to the measuring circuit (44), and the measuring circuit (44) judges the type of the fluid according to the signals and calculates the gas flow, the liquid flow and the total flow.
8. A method of measuring two-phase flow of gas and liquid based on ultrasonic waves and radio frequencies according to claim 7, wherein: the fluid type comprises liquid, gas and gas-liquid mixture;
when the amplitude of a signal obtained by transmitting and receiving signals at one end of the first radio frequency antenna (6) or the other end of the second radio frequency antenna (12) is 1.2-1.8V, the measuring circuit (44) judges that the fluid is liquid, then the measuring circuit (44) obtains the flow speed through the time difference of mutually receiving signals of the first pair of ultrasonic sensors, and finally the liquid flow is calculated;
when the amplitude of a signal obtained by transmitting and receiving signals at one end of the first radio frequency antenna (6) or the other end of the second radio frequency antenna (12) is 0.3-0.6V, the measuring circuit (44) judges that the fluid is gas, then the measuring circuit (44) obtains the flow rate through the time difference of mutually receiving signals of the second pair of ultrasonic sensors, and finally calculates the gas flow;
when the fluid passes through the two pairs of ultrasonic sensors and has no response, the measuring circuit (44) judges that the fluid is gas-liquid mixed, the measuring circuit (44) averages the gas content or the liquid content measured by the two radio frequency antennas, the time spent in passing through the two radio frequency antennas is obtained according to the correlation function of signals received by the two radio frequency antennas, the flow speed is obtained according to the time and the distance, and finally the total flow, the gas flow and the liquid flow are calculated.
9. A method of ultrasonic and rf based two-phase gas-liquid flow measurement according to claim 8, wherein: the time difference of the mutual receiving signals of the first pair of ultrasonic sensors is delta t;
wherein the first ultrasonic sensor (13) transmits and the second ultrasonic sensor (21) receives for a time period of
The second ultrasonic sensor (21) transmits, and the first ultrasonic sensor (13) receives for a time period of
Then the time difference
in the formula, upsilon is flow velocity m/s, c is propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in a medium, c is 340m/s for gas and 1480m/s for water, D is inner diameter of a pipeline, m and alpha is an included angle between a straight line where two pairs of ultrasonic sensors are located and an axis.
10. A method of ultrasonic and rf based two-phase gas-liquid flow measurement according to claim 8, wherein: the correlation function of the signals received by the two radio frequency antennas is as follows:
wherein x (t) is a signal received by the first radio frequency antenna (6); y (t) is a signal received by the second radio frequency antenna (12); t is the length of the time period, s; τ is the time, s, corresponding to the maximum value of Rxy obtained by cross-correlation operation; t is an integral variable, s.
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| CN113188617A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-30 | 陕西延长石油金石钻采设备有限公司 | Wellhead three-phase fluid metering device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113188617A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-30 | 陕西延长石油金石钻采设备有限公司 | Wellhead three-phase fluid metering device |
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