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CN111137156A - 用于车辆的整流器组件和带有这样的整流器组件的车辆 - Google Patents

用于车辆的整流器组件和带有这样的整流器组件的车辆 Download PDF

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CN111137156A
CN111137156A CN201911071048.0A CN201911071048A CN111137156A CN 111137156 A CN111137156 A CN 111137156A CN 201911071048 A CN201911071048 A CN 201911071048A CN 111137156 A CN111137156 A CN 111137156A
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rectifier assembly
vehicle
converter
direct current
inverter
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CN111137156B (zh
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R.库施
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1807—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators
    • H02J3/1814—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators wherein al least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. unified power flow controllers [UPFC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/53—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/36—Vehicles designed to transport cargo, e.g. trucks
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆的整流器组件和带有这样的整流器组件的车辆，其中，整流器组件(1)在输入侧(6)上准备接收直流电，其包括至少一个用于电机(20)的运行的逆变器(2)和至少一个用于储能器(21)的运行的直流变压器(3)，其中，整流器组件(1)另外包括至少一个直流转换器(4)和开关器件(5)，其中，该至少一个直流转换器(4)的输出侧(7)与储能器(21)电气连接，并且其中，开关器件(5)构造和布置成使得该至少一个逆变器(2)的输出侧(8)可被与该至少一个直流转换器(4)的输入侧(9)电气连接。

Description

用于车辆的整流器组件和带有这样的整流器组件的车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的整流器组件(Stromrichteranordnung)以及带有这样的整流器组件的车辆。
背景技术
整流器用于将电流从直流电转换成交流电或将交流电转换成直流电。为了转变电流的参数(如电压和/或频率)也应用整流器。整流器的常常使用的变体是直流转换器(Gleichrichter)、逆变器(Wechselrichter)、功率调整器(Leistungssteller)或变换器(Umrichter)。在控制和调节带有可变的转速的电动机时也应用整流器，例如以四象限调整器(Vierquadrantensteller)的形式。尤其在电气化的车辆中应用整流器以便将直流电转换成多相交流电。
转变借助于高功率半导体实现，其中，应用晶体管(Transistor)或晶闸管(Thyristor)，尤其金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)和集成门极换流晶闸管(IGCT)。这些开关元件(Schaltelement)通常二进制地来运行且因此具有两个开关状态(“开”或“关”)。然而也可设置有带有缓慢上升的边沿(Flanke)的“软”开关。整流器通常包括大量的这些开关元件。通过借助于预设的脉冲样式(Pulsmuster)在时间上操控这些开关元件的开关状态实现电流的转变。
在电动机动性领域中也增加地发展用于商用车的传动系的电气化的设计。然而在此，所使用的储能器的过低的能量密度是问题。该问题的解决方案是从外经由上部架线系统(Oberleitungssystem)或经由无缆线的、感应地工作的系统提供电能。在此，然而必须将大量能量从上部架线或感应系统运送到车辆中，这导致在所使用的整流器的结构元件的设计和定尺寸中相应的要求。
发明内容
本发明基于以下技术问题，提供一种用于车辆的整流器组件以及一种带有这样的整流器组件的车辆，在其中能够改善地来传输能量。
该技术目的根据本发明通过带有权利要求1的特征的整流器组件和带有权利要求10的特征的车辆来实现。本发明的有利的设计方案由从属权利要求得出。
尤其提供一种用于车辆的整流器组件，其中，整流器组件在输入侧上准备好接收直流电，其包括至少一个用于电机的运行的逆变器和至少一个用于储能器的运行的直流变压器(Gleichspannungswandler)，其中，整流器组件另外包括至少一个直流转换器和开关器件(Schaltmittel)，其中，该至少一个直流转换器的输出侧与储能器电气连接，且其中，开关器件构造和布置成使得该至少一个逆变器的输出侧可与该至少一个直流转换器的输入侧电气连接。
另外提供一种车辆，其包括这样的整流器组件。
本发明的基本思想是在电功率流的分配和储能器的充电方面改善地或最佳地利用整流器组件的已存在的结构元件。整流器组件包括至少一个用于电机的运行的逆变器和至少一个用于储能器的运行的直流变压器。它们并行工作：该至少一个逆变器将例如从上部架线截取的直流电转换成用于电机的运行的旋转场。逆变器例如构造为功率调整器。该至少一个直流变压器将所提供的直流电在电压方面转换成使得储能器、尤其(高压)电池能够以此来充电。如果电机不运行，则没有功率经由逆变器被运送。逆变器的结构元件在该情况中在功率流方面完全不或非最佳地被充分利用。根据本发明因此设置成，整流器组件包括至少一个直流转换器和开关器件。借助于开关器件可将逆变器的输出侧与该至少一个直流转换器的输入侧相连接。因为直流转换器的输出侧与储能器电气连接，电气功率可在建立电气连接之后还经由该至少一个逆变器和该至少一个直流转换器在储能器的方向上来传输。
本发明的优点是电气功率也可附加地或备选地经由逆变器被运送至储能器。以该方式在整流器组件中除了经由直流变压器至储能器、尤其至(高压)电池的路径之外准备有另外的路径以便传输功率和给储能器充电。从整流器组件的输入侧、例如从上部架线至储能器的功率流可由此总体上被提高。尤其所提及的两个路径彼此独立并且由此可灵活地且单独地来设计，由此使能够鉴于功率流或最大可能的功率单独设定尺寸。另外，可改善地利用为了运行电机已存在的整流器组件的结构元件。总体上，在车辆中整流器组件的复杂性由此减小，因为尽管功率提高但是无需附加的结构元件。由此可使规划耗费和成本降低。另外可减小结构空间。因为功率流可更好地来分配，此外热量输入(Waermeeintrag)也可改善地散布(streuen)和操纵。尤其可改善地避免提高的热量输入的区域(所谓的“热点”)。另外通过应用较高的开关频率可附加地减少热量输入。通过本发明可实现各个结构元件以及整流器组件总体的使用寿命的提升。
逆变器尤其构造为多级逆变器或多级功率调整器。直流变压器尤其构造为多级直流变压器。
开关器件尤其可构造为单极的或多极的开关接触器(Schaltschütz)。
车辆尤其是重型商用车，例如在上部架线处电气运行的载重车。但是原则上整流器组件也可应用在其他类型的具有储能器的电气运行的车辆中。
在一实施形式中设置成，开关器件此外构造成使得当该至少一个逆变器的输出侧与该至少一个直流转换器的输入侧电气连接时在该至少一个逆变器的输出侧与电机之间的电气连接中断。由此可实现，逆变器可完全被用于从整流器组件的输入侧至储能器的功率运送。电机在该情况中完全解耦。
在另外的实施形式中设置成，该至少一个直流转换器包括谐振变换器(Resonanzwandler)。由此也可改善地操纵在整流器组件的和储能器、尤其(高压)电池的输入侧上彼此相叠的电压。与例如降压-升压-转换器(Buck-Boost-Converter)相对，相叠的电压对于谐振变换器不是问题。整流器组件的应用领域由此可灵活地且很多程度上独立于在整流器组件的输入侧上的电压或储能器的电压来选择。
在一实施形式中设置成，该至少一个直流转换器包括用于在输入侧与输出侧之间的电分离(galvanische Trennung)的器件。这例如可以是变压器(Transformator)、尤其高频变压器。如果该至少一个直流转换器包括谐振变换器，则谐振变换器可包括用于电分离的变压器、尤其高频变压器。优点是可更灵活地操纵关于电绝缘的安全规定。通常对于车辆基本质量(Bezugsmasse)要求双重的电绝缘。然而如果存在电分离，可能单重的电绝缘已可被视为足够。在该情况中可节约耗费和成本。另外在例如水冷的高频变压器的相应的设计和应用中可实现以较高的充电效率快速充电储能器。
在另外的实施形式中整流器组件包括控制部(Steuerung)，其中，控制部构造成使得能够操控开关器件并且能够根据开关条件打开和关闭在该至少一个逆变器的输出侧与该至少一个直流转换器的输入侧之间的电气连接。由此可受控制地来回开关(hinzu- undhinwegschalten)第二电气路径。该控制部也可构造在该至少一个逆变器的、该至少一个直流变压器的或该至少一个直流转换器的控制部或者组合的或共同的控制部中。
在改进的实施形式中设置成，基于电机的运行状态和/或车辆的运行状态来确定开关条件。电机的这样的运行状态例如可以是停止或以预设的转速或功率运行。车辆的运行状态例如可以是车辆的停止或车辆以预设的速度行驶。例如可设置成，必须存在车辆的完全停止作为对于连接在该至少一个逆变器与该至少一个直流转换器之间的电气连接的开关条件。例如从上部架线截取的电功率在车辆停止时不再被传输至电机，使得逆变器的结构元件不被利用。在停止时满足前述开关条件并且开关器件、例如开关接触器建立在该至少一个逆变器的输出侧与该至少一个直流转换器的输入侧之间的电气连接。附加地尤其设置成，该至少一个逆变器的输出侧至电机的电气连接被分离。接着继续运行或相应地操控该至少一个逆变器，使得电功率经由该至少一个逆变器被传输到该至少一个直流转换器和储能器处。在车辆开动之前，借助于开关器件、尤其开关接触器又中断在该至少一个逆变器的输出侧与该至少一个直流转换器的输入侧之间的电气连接。同时必要时再建立在该至少一个逆变器的输出侧与电机之间的电气连接。通过将功率从整流器组件的输入侧朝向电机传输，车辆那么又可通过操控电机再开动。
在另外的实施形式中设置成，整流器组件包括在直流变压器与储能器之间的另外的开关器件，其中，另外的开关器件构造和布置成使得可打开和关闭在该至少一个直流变压器与储能器之间的电气连接。如果针对性地追求电分离，这尤其是有利的。在该情况中可打开另外的开关器件并且中断在该至少一个变压器与储能器之间的未电分离的电气连接。
在改进的实施形式中设置成，控制部另外构造成使得能够操控另外的开关器件并且能够根据该开关条件或另外的开关条件打开和关闭在该至少一个直流变压器与储能器之间的电气连接。尤其可设置成，当车辆处于停止时，借助于另外的开关器件中断在该至少一个直流变压器与储能器之间的电气连接。同时借助于开关器件建立至直流转换器的电气连接。如果直流转换器包括用于电分离的器件，则储能器可在车辆停止时与整流器组件的输入侧电分离地来充电。该方式可减少在车辆基本质量的绝缘中的规定，由此可节约耗费和成本。尤其由此可实现不仅不电分离的而且电分离的用于储能器充电的路径的灵活的调节或选取。
在另外的实施形式中设置成，该至少一个逆变器、该至少一个直流变压器以及该至少一个直流转换器的元件选取和/或尺寸设定成并且/或者这些结构元件的操控选则成使得在整流器组件中的热量输入和/或整流器组件的使用寿命被优化。结构元件在此应尤其是电气结构元件，例如功率晶体管。根据在车辆的不同的运行状态中的各个负载情况(Lastzenarien)，在此尤其追求在所有运行状态中将功率流分配到尽可能多的结构元件上，使得功率流可经由整流器组件的每个单个结构元件被减少。由此可减少每一结构元件的热量输入并且总体上提高结构元件以及整流器组件的使用寿命。
附图说明
接下来根据优选的实施例参照附图来详细阐述本发明。其中：
图1示出了用于车辆的整流器组件的实施形式的示意图；
图2示出了用于车辆的整流器组件的另外的实施形式的示意图；
图3示出了用于车辆的整流器组件的另外的实施形式的示意图。
附图标记清单：
1 整流器组件
2 逆变器
3 直流变压器
4 直流转换器
5 开关器件
6 输入侧
7 输出侧
8 输出侧
9 输入侧
10 谐振变换器
11 用于电分离的器件
12 控制部
13 开关条件
14 另外的开关器件
15 另外的开关条件
16 变压器
20 电机
21 储能器
22 上部架线
23 绝缘阻隔(Isolationsbarriere)
24 车辆基本质量。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出用于车辆的整流器组件1的一实施形式的示意图。整流器组件1包括用于电机20的运行的逆变器2和用于储能器21的运行的直流变压器3。另外整流器组件1包括直流转换器4和开关器件5。在输入侧6上给整流器组件1提供直流电流或直流电压，其例如从上部架线借助于集电器(Pantographen)来截取。
直流转换器4的输出侧7与储能器21电气连接。例如构造为开关接触器的开关器件5构造和布置成使得可将逆变器2的输出侧8与直流转换器4的输入侧9电气连接。
在所示出的实施例中设置成，开关器件5另外构造成使得当该至少一个逆变器2的输出侧8与该至少一个直流转换器4的输入侧9电气连接时在电机21与逆变器2的输出侧8之间的电气连接被中断。这然而不一定强制性地是该情况。
在图2中示出用于车辆的整流器组件1的另外的实施形式的示意图。该实施形式从原理上与在图1中示出的实施形式相同地来构建，其中，相同的附图标记应表示相同的特征。
可设置成，直流转换器4包括谐振变换器10。
另外可设置成，直流转换器4包括用于在输入侧9与输出侧7之间的电分离的器件11。器件11例如可构造为变压器、尤其为高频变压器。
另外整流器组件1可包括控制部12。其中，控制部12构造成使得能够操控开关器件5并且能够根据开关条件13打开和关闭在逆变器2的输出侧8与直流转换器4的输入侧9之间的电气连接。
在改进方案中可设置成，基于电机20的运行状态和/或车辆的运行状态确定开关条件13。例如，假如车辆处于停止中，可建立电气连接。
可在直流变压器3与储能器21之间设置另外的开关器件14，其中，另外的开关器件14构造和布置成使得可打开和关闭在该至少一个直流变压器3与储能器21之间的电气连接。
也可设置成，控制部12另外构造成使得能够操控另外的开关器件14并且能够根据开关条件13或另外的开关条件15打开和关闭在该至少一个直流变压器3与储能器21之间的电气连接。
此外可设置成，逆变器2、直流变压器3和直流转换器2的结构元件被选取和/或尺寸设定成并且/或者这些结构元件的操控被选择成使得在整流器组件1中的热量输入和/或整流器组件1的使用寿命被优化。
在图3中示出在一具体的应用场景中用于车辆的整流器组件1的另外的实施形式的示意图，其中，车辆应是经由上部架线22取得电能的商用车。该实施形式从原理上与在图1中示出的实施形式相同地来构建，其中，相同的附图标记应表示相同的特征。逆变器2和直流变压器3在此构造为在双H桥接组件中的多级直流转换器或多级变换器(Umrichter)，各个结构元件(尤其功率晶体管、多级直流转换器和多级变换器)的操控原则上已知并且此处不进一步阐述。
直流转换器4包括谐振变换器10，其具有作为用于电分离的器件11的高频变压器16。
构造为开关接触器的开关器件5布置和联接(verschalten)成使得可建立在逆变器2的输出侧处的三相中的两个和直流转换器4之间的电气连接。同时将全部三相与电机分离。
如果车辆处于停止中，则可将至电机20的电气连接分离。同时建立在逆变器2与直流转换器4之间的电气连接。从上部架线22截取的电功率此时除了经由直流变压器3的路径之外还可经由由逆变器2和直流转换器4形成的路径被传输至储能器21。由此即使在车辆停止期间也可将逆变器2的已存在的结构元件(其否则在车辆停止时将保持不被利用)用于储能器21的充电。总体上由此可提高充电效率，因为不仅可经由直流电路径而且可经由附加的路径来充电。这可减少整流器组件1的每一结构元件的热量输入并且结果提高各个结构元件或整流器组件1总体的使用寿命。
通过电分离此外可更灵活地或仅以单重的实施方案来设计绝缘阻隔23，因为根据规定在存在电分离时唯一的绝缘阻隔对于车辆基本质量24可能已被视为足够。由此可进一步减少耗费和成本。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于车辆的整流器组件(1)，其中，所述整流器组件(1)在输入侧(6)上准备接收直流电，其包括：至少一个用于电机(20)的运行的逆变器(2)和至少一个用于储能器(21)的运行的直流变压器(3)，其中，所述整流器组件(1)另外包括至少一个直流转换器(4)和开关器件(5)，其中，至少一个所述直流转换器(4)的输出侧(7)与所述储能器(21)电气连接，且其中，所述开关器件(5)构造和布置成使得至少一个所述逆变器(2)的输出侧(8)能够被与至少一个所述直流转换器(4)的输入侧(9)电气连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的整流器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述开关器件(5)另外构造成使得当至少一个所述逆变器(2)的输出侧(8)与至少一个所述直流转换器(4)的输入侧(9)电气连接时至少一个所述逆变器(2)的输出侧(8)与所述电机(20)之间的电气连接被中断。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的整流器组件(1)，其特征在于，至少一个所述直流转换器(4)包括谐振变换器(10)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的整流器组件(1)，其特征在于，至少一个所述直流转换器(4)包括用于在所述输入侧(9)与所述输出侧(7)之间电分离的器件(11)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器组件(1)，其特征在于控制部(12)，其中，所述控制部(12)构造成使得能够操控所述开关器件(5)并且能够根据开关条件(13)打开和关闭在至少一个所述逆变器(2)的输出侧(8)与至少一个所述直流转换器(4)的输入侧(9)之间的电气连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的整流器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述开关条件(13)基于所述电机(20)的运行状态和/或所述车辆的运行状态来确定。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器组件(1)，其特征在于在所述直流变压器(3)与所述储能器(21)之间的另外的开关器件(14)，其中，所述另外的开关器件(14)构造和布置成使得能够打开和关闭在至少一个所述直流变压器(3)与所述储能器(21)之间的电气连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的整流器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述控制部(12)此外构造成使得能够操控所述另外的开关器件(14)并且能够根据所述开关条件(13)或另外的开关条件(15)打开和关闭在至少一个所述直流变压器(3)与所述储能器(21)之间的电气连接。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器组件(1)，其特征在于，至少一个所述逆变器(2)、至少一个所述直流变压器(3)和至少一个所述直流转换器(4)的结构元件这样来选取和/或设定尺寸并且/或者所述结构元件的操控这样来选择，使得在所述整流器组件(1)中的热量输入和/或所述整流器组件(1)的使用寿命被优化。
10.一种车辆，其包括根据前述权利要求1至9中任一项所述的整流器组件(1)。
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