CN111116421B - 一种酰胺衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C333/08—Monothiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof having nitrogen atoms of thiocarbamic groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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Abstract
本发明提供一种酰胺衍生物的制备方法,所述方法包括:以苯羟肟酸和胺类或硫醇类化合物为原料,依次加入碱、溶剂,在SO2F2气氛中,于25~50℃下反应2~7h,反应结束后,反应液后处理,制得所述不对称脲类化合物或硫代氨基甲酸酯类化合物;本发明使用价廉易得、环境友好的SO2F2作为促进剂,高效促进异氰酸酯中间体的生成,形成C‑N、C‑S键。异氰酸酯的生成避免了使用大量卤素或叠氮类危险试剂,因此可以作为柯提斯重排和霍夫曼重排标准处理条件的绿色替代品。底物适用性广,能以较好的收率得到相对应的不对称脲和硫代氨基甲酸酯类化合物。操作过程简单,适合大规模制备。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及利用硫酰氟(SO2F2)作为促进剂促进羟肟酸发生洛森重排与胺类或硫醇类反应合成酰胺衍生物:不对称脲和硫代氨基甲酸酯类化合物。
(二)背景技术
酰胺衍生物中不对称脲和硫代氨基甲酸酯类化合物,特别是芳香族不对称脲和硫代氨基甲酸酯类化合物,由于具有较特殊的物理性质和化学稳定性,从而广泛应用于天然产物、药品、农用化学品以及催化剂中。制备不对称脲较传统的方法之一是通过光气及其衍生物与胺类或胺类和硫醇类逐步反应制得。然而高毒性试剂的使用和低原子利用率等缺点限制了此类方法大规模的应用。近年来,在过渡金属催化剂存在下,用一氧化碳或二氧化碳直接与胺类或硫醇类进行羰基化反应合成不对称脲的方法不断涌现。Wu等报道了钯催化叠氮化钠促进以及配体作用下,将胺和碘苯置于一氧化碳和氧气氛围中,60℃加热12小时完成插羰反应,制得不对称脲化合物[Adv.Synth.Catal.,2018,360,2820.]。Valente等报道了两种钯催化剂共同作用下,胺和硫醇与一氧化碳反应生成硫代氨基甲酸酯[Organometallics,2001,20,5,1028.(DOI:10.1021/om000947+)]。不对称脲和硫代氨基甲酸酯还可以通过酰胺在卤素存在下经霍夫曼重排(Hofmann rearrangement)或酰基叠氮经柯提斯重排(Curtius rearrangement)生成的异氰酸酯和胺类或硫醇类反应得到。Mandal等报道了0℃反应15分钟后室温继续反应6小时羟肟酸在2-氰基-2-(4-硝基苯磺酰氧基亚氨基)乙酸乙酯(4-NBsOXY)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)促进下经洛森重排(Lossenrearrangement)产生的异氰酸酯与胺类或硫醇类反应得到目标产物[Adv.Synth.Catal.,2017,359,168]。然而,以上方法都存在一些缺点,如需要过渡金属,反应条件苛刻,转化率低,以及卤素或者叠氮试剂等高毒性物质,体系对环境不友好,不利于大规模应用。
硫酰氟(SO2F2)是一种廉价易得的试剂,由于其独特的化学性质,被广泛应用于制备各种化合物。Sharpless和董佳家等人首次报道了在温和条件下,使用SO2F2和酚反应,实现了磺酰氟和酚羟基的高效连接,反应定量,转化率高。该方法具有试剂、溶剂和有机碱廉价易得,不需过渡金属参与等优点[Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.,2014,53,9430]。-OSO2F结构不仅可以作为有效的连接单元,而且还是一个良好的离去基团。
(三)发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的缺陷,提供一种高效、环保、经济的合成不对称脲或硫代氨基甲酸酯类化合物的新方法,本发明采用价廉易得、环境友好的SO2F2作为促进剂,以羟肟酸类化合物与胺类或硫醇类为底物发生洛森重排,高效合成不对称脲或硫代氨基甲酸酯类化合物,显著缩短了反应时间,简化了操作过程。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供一种式(Ⅲ)所示酰胺衍生物的制备方法,所述方法包括:
以式(I)所示苯羟肟酸和式(Ⅱ)所示化合物为原料,依次加入碱、溶剂,在SO2F2气氛中,于25~50℃下反应2~7h,反应结束后,反应液后处理,制得式(Ⅲ)所示的化合物;所述碱为下列之一:DIPEA(N,N-二异丙基乙胺),DBU(1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯),Et3N(三乙胺),DMAP(4-二甲氨基吡啶),Na2CO3(碳酸钠),K2CO3(碳酸钾),CH3ONa(甲醇钠)或t-BuONa(叔丁醇钠);所述溶剂为下列之一:乙腈、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、水、甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃;
式(II)中,R包括4-甲氧基苯基(4-OCH3-Ph)、甲基苯基(Ph-CH2-)、N-甲基苯胺基或4-甲基苯基(4-CH3-Ph);X为氮(N)或硫(S);式(Ⅲ)中R,X同式(Ⅱ)中R,X。
进一步,式(II)所示化合物包括对甲氧基苯胺、苄胺、N-甲基苯胺、对甲基硫酚或苄硫醇。
进一步,所述碱与式(I)所示苯羟肟酸的物质的量之比为1~3:1;所述溶剂体积用量以式(I)所示苯羟肟酸物质的量计为1-5ml/mmol。
进一步,所述反应温度为25-30℃,反应时间2h。
进一步,所述反应液后处理方法为下列之一:(1)当X=氮(N)时,反应液过滤,滤饼用乙腈淋洗至白色,即可得到所述产物;(2)当X=硫(S)时,反应结束后,向反应液中加质量浓度5%HCl水溶液洗涤,取有机层再用质量浓度5%NaOH水溶液洗涤,取有机层用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩去除溶剂,获得所述产物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果主要体现在:
1、本发明使用价廉易得、环境友好的SO2F2作为促进剂,高效促进异氰酸酯中间体的生成,形成C-N、C-S键。
2、异氰酸酯的生成避免了使用大量卤素或叠氮类危险试剂,因此可以作为柯提斯重排霍夫曼重排标准处理条件的绿色替代品。
3、底物适用性广,能以较好的收率得到相对应的不对称脲和硫代氨基甲酸酯类化合物。
4、操作过程简单,适合大规模制备。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-3-苯基脲的制备
在一个500mL单口烧瓶中,依次加入苯羟肟酸(Ⅰ)19.20g(140mmol),对甲氧基苯胺(Ⅱ-1,X=N,R2=4-OCH3-Ph)17.24g(140mmol),150mL水,45.24g(2.5eq,350mmol)DIPEA,于SO2F2气氛中,25℃条件下搅拌2h,反应结束后过滤,滤饼用10mL乙腈洗淋洗至白色,得到式(Ⅲ-1)所示1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-3-苯基脲30.87g,收率91%。
核磁共振氢谱:(500MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):8.57(s,1H),8.46(s,1H),7.44(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.39–7.33(m,2H),7.27(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),6.95(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.90–6.84(m,2H),3.36(s,3H).
核磁共振碳谱:(126MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):154.93,153.19,140.36,133.17,129.20,122.06,120.49,118.54,114.45,55.64.
实施例2:1-苄基-3-苯基脲的制备
在一个500mL单口烧瓶中,依次加入苯羟肟酸(Ⅰ)19.20g(140mmol),苄胺(Ⅱ-2,X=N,R2=Ph-CH2-)15.00g(140mmol),150mL二氯甲烷,63.94g(3.0eq,420mmol)DBU,于SO2F2气氛中,25℃条件下搅拌1h,反应结束后过滤,用10mL乙腈淋洗至白色,即可得到(Ⅲ-2)1-苄基-3-苯基脲26.g,收率83%。
核磁共振氢谱:(500MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):8.58(s,1H),7.44–7.40(m,2H),7.33(dt,J=10.9,7.1Hz,4H),7.27–7.18(m,3H),6.90(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.64(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.31(d,J=5.9Hz,2H).
核磁共振碳谱:(126MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):155.24,140.46,128.63,128.29,127.76,127.10,126.70,121.07,117.69,42.73.
实施例3:3-苯基-N-甲基-N-苯基脲的制备
在一个500mL单口烧瓶中,依次加入苯羟肟酸(Ⅰ)19.20g(140mmol),N-甲基苯胺(Ⅱ-3,X=N,R2=N-甲基苯胺基)15.00g(140mmol),150mL乙腈,18.10g(3.0eq,420mmol)Na2CO3,于SO2F2气氛中,30℃条件下搅拌6h,反应结束后过滤,用10mL乙腈淋洗至白色,即可得到式(Ⅲ-3)所示3-苯基-N-甲基-N-苯基脲25.98g,收率82%。
核磁共振氢谱:(500MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):8.12(s,1H),7.46–7.38(m,4H),7.33(dd,J=8.4,1.1Hz,2H),7.27–7.20(m,3H),6.95(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.28(s,3H).
核磁共振碳谱:(126MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):154.74,144.09,140.05,129.24,128.26,126.22,125.77,122.04,119.90,37.55.
实施例4:S-(对甲苯基)苯基氨基硫代甲酸酯的制备
在一个500mL单口烧瓶中,依次加入苯羟肟酸(Ⅰ)19.20g(140mmol),对甲基硫酚(Ⅱ-4,X=S,R=4-CH3-Ph)17.39g(140mmol),600mL乙酸乙酯,45.24g(1.0eq,140mmol)DIPEA,于SO2F2气氛中,50℃条件下搅拌7h,反应结束后,向反应液中加200mL质量浓度5%HCl水溶液洗涤,取有机层再用200mL质量浓度5%NaOH水溶液洗涤,取有机层用300mL饱和食盐水洗涤,30g无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩去除溶剂,即可得到式(Ⅲ-4)所示S-(对甲苯基)苯基氨基硫代甲酸酯27.25g,收率80%。
核磁共振氢谱:(500MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):10.47(s,1H),7.50(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.33–7.28(m,2H),7.26(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.06(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),2.35(s,3H)。
核磁共振碳谱:(126MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):163.10,138.84,135.29,129.67,128.88,124.52,123.52,119.05,113.93,20.79.
实施例5:S-苄基苯基氨基硫代甲酸酯的制备
在一个500mL单口烧瓶中,依次加入苯羟肟酸(Ⅰ)19.20g(140mmol),苄硫醇(Ⅱ-5,X=S,R2=Ph-CH2-)17.39g(140mmol),300mL甲苯,15.13g(2.0eq,280mmol)CH3ONa,于SO2F2气氛中,40℃条件下搅拌4h,反应结束后,向反应液中加200mL质量浓度5%HCl水溶液洗涤,取有机层再用200mL质量浓度5%NaOH水溶液洗涤,取有机层用300mL饱和食盐水洗涤,30g无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩去除溶剂,即可得到1,3-S-苄基苯基氨基硫代甲酸酯26.23g,收率77%。
核磁共振氢谱:(500MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):10.35(s,1H),7.53(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.37(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.35–7.29(m,4H),7.25(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.06(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.17(s,2H)。
核磁共振碳谱:(126MHz,DMSO-d6)(δ,ppm):164.33,138.86,138.72,128.87,128.70,128.43,126.96,123.42,119.02,32.91.
Claims (7)
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述式(II)所示化合物为对甲氧基苯胺、苄胺、N-甲基苯胺、对甲基硫酚或苄硫醇。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述碱与式(I)所示苯羟肟酸的物质的量之比为1~3:1。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述溶剂体积用量以式(I)所示苯羟肟酸物质的量计为1-5ml/mmol。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述反应温度为25-30℃,反应时间2h。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于当X=NH时,所述反应液后处理方法为:反应液过滤,滤饼用乙腈淋洗至白色,即可得到所述产物。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于当X=S时,所述反应液后处理方法为:反应结束后,向反应液中加质量浓度5%HCl水溶液洗涤,取有机层再用质量浓度5%NaOH水溶液洗涤,取有机层用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩去除溶剂,获得所述产物。
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