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CN111032402A - 用于混合动力机动车的混合动力动力传动系 - Google Patents

用于混合动力机动车的混合动力动力传动系 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111032402A
CN111032402A CN201880053818.6A CN201880053818A CN111032402A CN 111032402 A CN111032402 A CN 111032402A CN 201880053818 A CN201880053818 A CN 201880053818A CN 111032402 A CN111032402 A CN 111032402A
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China
Prior art keywords
motor
gear
shaft
input shaft
electric machine
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CN201880053818.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
S·胡梅尔
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/065—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
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    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的混合动力动力传动系，该混合动力动力传动系具有电机(5)和内燃机(1)，内燃机的力输出轴(10)通过双离合器的两个分离离合器(K1、K2)交替地驱动双离合变速器(3)的第一输入轴(7)或与该第一输入轴同轴的第二输入轴(9)，利用输入轴(7、9)能分别激活第一子变速器(I)和第二子变速器(II)，在两个输入轴(7、9)和与之轴线平行的公共的从动轴(13)上在齿轮平面(RE1～RE8)中布置有固定齿轮和浮动齿轮，所述固定齿轮和浮动齿轮组成齿轮组以形成挡位级(1～7，R)，在所述齿轮组中浮动齿轮能借助于挡位切换元件(G1～G4)与所述轴(7、9、13)耦联，电机(5)必要时通过副轴(11)作用于输入轴(7、9)中的一个输入轴(7)，在电机(5)和与之协同作用的电机侧的输入轴(7)之间连接有电机侧切换元件(S)，该电机侧切换元件在第一切换状态(S1)中使所述电机(5)与电机侧的输入轴(7)耦联并在非作用状态(N)中使电机(5)与双离合变速器(3)脱开。根据本发明，电机侧切换元件(S)能切换到第二切换状态(S2)，在该第二切换状态中，电机(5)与从动轴(13)耦联并与电机侧的输入轴(7)脱开。

Description

用于混合动力机动车的混合动力动力传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的、用于混合动力机动车的混合动力动力传动系。
背景技术
这种混合动力动力传动系可以具有传动系发电机，例如48V电机，其设计成用于纯电动行驶运行以及再生。再生的能量必要时可被车辆的车载电网调用，例如用于电子控制的空调压缩机。
DE 10 2012 203 365 A1公开了这种类型的混合动力动力传动系，其具有电机和内燃机。内燃机的力输出轴通过双离合器的两个分离离合器交替地驱动双离合变速器的第一输入轴和与第一输入轴同轴的第二输入轴，通过它们可相应激活子变速器。在两个输入轴和与之轴线平行的公共的从动轴上在齿轮平面中相应布置有固定齿轮和浮动齿轮，它们在形成挡位级的情况下组成齿轮组。在齿轮组中，浮动齿轮可借助于切换元件与上述轴耦联。电机可通过副轴直接作用于其中一个输入轴。此外，在电机和与之协同作用的输入轴(以下称为电机侧的输入轴)之间连接有电机侧切换元件。电机侧切换元件在第一切换状态中使电机与双离合变速器的与之协同作用的输入轴耦联。而在切换元件的非作用状态中，电机与双离合变速器在传动上脱开。
此外，在文献DE 10 2012 203 365 A1中，双离合变速器具有其他的切换元件，借助于该其他的切换元件，电机可与第二输入轴和/或与双离合变速器的其他的副轴耦联。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种混合动力动力传动系，在其中电机相对于现有技术在结构上更简单，并且能更节省结构空间地以不同的方式与双离合变速器耦联。
该目的通过权利要求1的特征来实现。在从属权利要求中公开了本发明的优选的改进方案。
根据权利要求1的特征部分，电机侧切换元件不仅能在第一切换状态中使电机与与之协同作用的输入轴耦联并且在非作用状态中使电机与双离合变速器脱开。而且，电机侧切换元件还能切换到第二切换状态中，在该第二切换状态中，电机与从动轴耦联，并且同时与双离合变速器的驱动侧脱开。
以这种方式，电机不仅能在齿轮侧(即，在从动轴上的从动侧)与双离合变速器连接、在驱动侧(即，在双离合变速器的输入轴之一处)与双离合变速器连接，而且能与双离合变速器完全脱开，特别是，结构上简单地以及结构空间有利地通过恰好一个切换元件来实现这一点。
在技术上的实施方案中，电机的副轴可以是与所有挡位级分开的或者说独立于所有档位级的齿轮组，优选地是行星齿轮传动级和/或圆柱齿轮级。在此，电机侧切换元件可直接布置在电机侧的输入轴上。在结构空间上有利的是，电机侧切换元件在轴向方向上来看可从其非作用状态朝两侧切换到第一切换状态中，或与之相反地切换到第二切换状态中。
在另一技术上的实施方案中，可以与电机侧切换元件在轴向方向上直接相邻有形成挡位级的齿轮平面(下文还被称为电机侧齿轮平面)。该齿轮平面可具有以可转动方式支承在电机侧的输入轴上的浮动齿轮。电机侧齿轮平面的浮动齿轮针对常规的挡位切换可借助于挡位切换元件与电机侧的输入轴耦联。附加地，借助于电机侧齿轮平面的浮动齿轮还实现了电机与从动轴的连接：在这种情况下，电机侧齿轮平面的浮动齿轮借助于电机侧切换元件(处于第二切换状态中)能与电机耦联。在此，在紧凑的布置方面优选的是，上述挡位切换元件和电机侧切换元件位于电机侧齿轮平面的浮动齿轮的沿轴向相对而置的两侧。
在上文提到的双离合变速器中，第一子变速器和第二子变速器优选地在轴向方向上并排布置/相邻布置。第一子变速器可以在中间布置有第二子变速器的情况下与双离合器沿轴向间隔开。在这种情况下，第一输入轴可为输入实心轴，其同轴地在构造为输入空心轴的第二输入轴中伸延。优选地，可为第一子变速器分配所有奇数前进挡位，而可为第二子变速器分配所有偶数前进挡位，它们可通过相应的切换元件切换。
示例性地，双离合变速器可为本身已知的七速变速器，在其中，示例性地，用于第七挡位级或第五挡位级的、布置在第一子变速器中的齿轮平面用作电机侧齿轮平面，其可与电机的副轴耦联。
电机侧切换元件可在结构空间上有利地布置在沿轴向方向靠外的、形成挡位级的齿轮平面(即，电机侧齿轮平面)和电机的副轴之间。在上述双离合变速器中，所有齿轮平面可沿轴向相继地布置，其中，在沿轴向靠外的变速器端部处布置有双离合器，电机必要时连同副轴可布置在与之相对而置的沿轴向靠外的变速器端部处。
在结构空间上有利的布置方面有利的是，电机的电机轴与电机侧的输入轴同轴布置或与双离合变速器的公共的从动轴同轴布置。电机轴可实现为空心轴，其同轴地支承在电机侧的输入轴或公共的从动轴上。
在第一实施方案变体中，副轴可以具有行星齿轮传动级，其具有太阳轮以及沿径向靠外的齿圈和布置在中间的行星齿轮。
在传统的实践中，电机的旋转转子可通过传动法兰与电机轴以不能相对转动的方式连接。除了传动法兰之外，副轴-行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮也可以以不能相对转动的方式布置在电机轴上。在这种情况下，行星齿轮传动级的沿径向靠外的齿圈可以相对于壳体固定，承载行星齿轮的行星架可借助于电机侧切换元件与电机侧的输入轴耦联或与从动轴耦联。
在另一实施方式中，电机轴可以不是同轴地支承在电机侧的输入轴上，而是同轴地支承在公共的从动轴上。在这种情况下，电机轴可以通过副轴以及电机侧的切换元件与电机侧的输入轴作用连接。在技术上的实施方案中，副轴可在此具有圆柱齿轮级，圆柱齿轮级的驱动侧齿轮作为浮动齿轮转动支承在电机侧的输入轴上。借助电机侧的切换元件，圆柱齿轮级的驱动侧的浮动齿轮可与电机侧的输入轴或(通过电机侧的齿轮级RE8)与从动轴耦联。
在另一实施方式中，电机的副轴可具有上文提到的圆柱齿轮级以及行星齿轮传动级。在这种情况下，行星齿轮传动级的行星架可与圆柱齿轮级的同轴地支承在从动轴上的、从动侧的浮动齿轮以不能相对转动的方式连接。
替代于此，副轴可仅仅具有圆柱齿轮级(即，没有行星齿轮传动级)。在这种情况下，圆柱齿轮级的从动侧的齿轮可作为固定齿轮以不能相对转动的方式布置在(支承在从动轴上的)电机轴上。
附图说明
下面借助附图说明本发明的实施例。其中，
图1示出了根据第一实施例的双离合变速器的传动结构；
图2至图4相应示出了根据本发明的其他实施例的、对应于图1的视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了用于混合动力车辆的混合动力动力传动系，其主要由内燃机1、双离合变速器3和电机5组成。双离合变速器3具有第一输入轴7和第二输入轴9，它们同轴地布置并且可通过两个例如可液压操纵的膜片式离合器K1、K2经由前置的扭转减振器8交替地与内燃机轴10以传递力矩的方式连接。在图1中，第一输入轴7实现为实心轴，其同轴地在实现为空心轴的第二输入轴9中延伸。
在图1中，双离合变速器3示例性地总共具有七个前进挡位和一个倒车挡位。它们在齿轮平面RE1至RE8中通过各自具有浮动齿轮和固定齿轮的相应齿轮组实现，所述齿轮组可以以已知的方式通过总共四个挡位切换元件G1至G4(即，例如双作用式同步离合器)切换。形成挡位级的齿轮平面RE1至RE8的从动齿轮全部布置在公共的轴线平行的从动轴13上。从动轴13通过具有圆柱齿轮15、17的齿轮平面14驱动车桥差速器21的驱动轴19。
借助于第一输入轴和第二输入轴7、9可相应激活双离合变速器3的第一子变速器I和第二子变速器II。为第一子变速器I分配所有的奇数前进挡位1、3、5、7，而为第二子变速器II分配所有的偶数前进挡位2、4、6以及倒车挡位R。相应地，奇数前进挡位1、3、5、7可通过第一输入轴7以及借助于第一分离离合器K1激活。相比之下，第二子变速器II的偶数前进挡位2、4、6以及其倒车挡位可通过空心的第二输入轴9以及借助于第二分离离合器K2激活。
在图1中，在轴向方向上来看，第一子变速器I在中间连接有子变速器II的情况下与双离合器K1、K2沿轴向隔开，该双离合器在图1中布置在左外的变速器端部处。在双离合变速器3的相对而置的轴向右外的变速器端部设置有电机5。位于电机5之前的是用于转矩转换的副轴11。
如图1进一步所示，第一输入轴7在轴向方向上来看以末段23超出第一子变速器I，在该末段上同轴地支承有作为空心轴实现的电机轴25。电机空心轴25通过传动法兰27与电机5的转子29以不能相对转动的方式连接，转子又与电机5的定子30协同作用。在图1中，电机5的副轴11具有行星齿轮传动机构31，其太阳轮33以不能相对转动的方式布置在电机空心轴25上。沿径向靠外的齿圈35保持相对于壳体固定，其中，承载行星齿轮39的行星架37可通过电机侧切换元件S与第一输入轴7(在下文还被称为电机侧的输入轴)或与从动轴13耦联，或可与双离合变速器3完全脱开。
如图1所示，电机侧切换元件S可从其非作用状态N在轴向方向上朝两侧切换到第一切换状态S1中，或与之反向地切换到第二切换状态S2中。电机侧切换元件S在轴向方向上来看定位在副轴11和直接相邻的齿轮平面RE8(即，电机侧齿轮平面)之间，该齿轮平面在图1中形成第六挡位级。电机侧齿轮平面RE8具有以可转动方式支承在第一输入轴7上的驱动侧浮动齿轮41，其与在从动轴13上的从动侧的固定齿轮43啮合。对于常规的挡位切换，浮动齿轮41可借助于相关的挡位切换元件G4与电机侧的输入轴7耦联。
在这种常规的挡位切换的双功能中，电机侧齿轮平面RE8的浮动齿轮41附加地还是从动侧的电机与从动轴13的连接的组成部分。对于电机与从动轴13的这种连接，电机侧切换元件S切换到其第二切换状态S2中，在该第二切换状态中，副轴11的行星齿轮传动机构31的行星架37与电机侧齿轮平面RE8的驱动侧浮动齿轮41耦联。
替代于此，在第一切换状态S1中，副轴11的行星齿轮传动机构31的行星架37与电机侧的输入轴7耦联，由此提供驱动侧的电机与电机侧的输入轴7的连接。
上文定义的齿轮侧的或从动侧的电机连接(在电机侧切换元件S的切换状态S2中)具有以下优点：因此保证了用于再生的最佳的传动比(在大的速度范围内的功率和效率方面的电机5工作点)。此外保证了用于再生的很好的效率(没有双离合变速器3的分离离合器K1、K2和输入轴7、9的拖拽损失)。此外，即使在牵引回切(Zug-Rückschaltungen)或主动降挡或多次回挡的情况下，也能确保在低的转矩范围(“low torque end，低扭矩端”)中的转矩增强模式/动力提升模式以及在牵引中的自发性改善。另外，对于齿轮侧的电机连接保证能量高效的行驶运行，因为不需要的变速器部件，例如油泵、控制器、变速器液压系统或切换元件可停用(即，切换成没有电流)。上述齿轮侧的电机连接的另一优点是,电机5的持久可用性，即，电机5的激活与双离合变速器3中的当前行驶挡位无关。此外，与挡位的预选没有冲突(即使此时没有切换该挡位)。因此，不会对动力传动系的发电机的可用的/可支配的时间份额造成限制。同样很少与离合器适配有冲突，即，不会对动力传动系的发电机的可用的/可支配的时间份额造成限制。此外，不会影响离合器适配(高惯性使得离合器K1、K2的接触点的学习变得更加困难)。
上文定义的驱动侧的电机连接(在电机侧切换元件S的第一切换状态S1中)具有以下优点：因此通过驱动侧的电机连接实现电动的行驶运行(例如泊车导航、堵车导航、电动蠕行)。此外保证了在低转矩范围中的转矩增强模式(“Boosten im low torque end”)以及在换抵挡时自发性的改善。此外实现了用于呈现行驶功能的最佳的传动比(电机5在低的行驶速度下的转矩和功率方面的运行点)。此外，能够实现滑行运行以及内燃机启动、内燃机弹射以及冷启动。通过驱动侧的电机连接还可以在双离合变速器中同步时进行支持。此外提供了第一输入轴7与从动轴13的连接的多种可行性(经由第1、第3和第5挡位)。
电机5与双离合变速器3的脱开(在电机侧切换元件S的非作用状态N中)具有以下优点：因此电机连接的传动比不必针对内燃机1的最大转速来设计，从而不会引起电机5的转速过高(第一挡位+1-2个挡速比间隔)。此外可使双离合变速器3效率最优地运行，因为在运行状态中没有“制动性的”惯性，在其中车辆不使用电机5(高速公路、蓄电池SOC保持、冷却、蓄电池没电)。此外，行驶运行是节能的，因为不需要自动同步。此外，如果电机5不可用(SOC保持、电池没电、冷却)，通过惯性的脱耦产生同步的卸载。此外，通过在全制动时惯性的脱耦产生缩短的制动距离，以及通过电机惯性(蓄电池满载、冷却)的脱开产生运行制动的卸载。此外，改善了可切换性，即，减少或防止了在自由滑行阶段之后换挡时的挂挡噪声。
下面介绍借助于图1所示的双离合变速器3所能实现的特殊行驶运行方式：
因此，通过图1所示的传动结构能够实现再生运行/滑行运行/转矩增强运行，在其中第一输入轴7完全与行驶运行脱开，由此减少阻力损失。在这种情况下，电机侧的切换元件S切换到其第二切换状态S2中(即，齿轮侧的或从动侧的电机连接)。由此引起在推进运行中力矩从电机5通过其电机轴25流至副轴11，以及通过切换到第二切换状态S2中的切换元件S和电机侧的齿轮级RE8流至从动轴13，并且进一步通过齿轮级14流至车桥差速器21。相反，在再生运行中产生从车桥差速器21至电机5的反向的力矩流。在滑行运行中，档位切换元件G1至G4必要时可处于其非作用状态中。此外，离合器K1、K2必要时可断开，和/或内燃机1必要时可切断。
此外，借助于电机5可执行冷启动、更确切地说内燃机的启动。在这种情况下，电机侧的切换元件S切换到其第一切换状态S1中，而所有的档位切换元件G1至G4停留在其非作用状态中，并且操纵为第一输入轴7分配的第一分离离合器K1。这引起力矩从电机5通过其电机轴25流至副轴11，以及通过切换到第一切换状态S1中的切换元件S流到电机侧的输入轴7中，进一步通过受到操纵的分离离合器K1和内燃机轴10流到内燃机1中。上述的内燃机启动必要时可与电动的行驶运行组合，在其中例如附加地切换形成第三档位的齿轮级RE6。
替代地，如果电机侧的切换元件S切换到其第一切换状态S1中，并且例如形成第三档位级的齿轮级RE6进行了切换，得到纯电动的行驶运行。在该状况下，车辆也可以在再生运行/滑行运行/转矩增强运行中运行。
在图2中以对应于图1的视图示出了第二实施方案变体，其与在图1中示出的传动结构1基本上相同。不同于图1，在图2中，电机侧齿轮平面RE8不是形成第七挡位，而是形成第五挡位，而第七齿轮平面RE7形成第七挡位。即，在图2中，第七挡位级和第五挡位级位置交换。
在图3中示出的实施方案变体中，不同于图1，电机轴25不再同轴地布置在电机侧的(即，第一)输入轴7上，而是与之轴线平行地布置在公共的驱动轴13上。此外，在从动轴13上安置有行星齿轮传动级31，其为副轴11的组成部分。在图3中，副轴11附加地具有圆柱齿轮级45，其驱动侧齿轮47作为浮动齿轮转动支承在第一输入轴7上。驱动侧的浮动齿轮47可借助于电机侧的切换元件S1与电机侧的输入轴7(切换状态S1)或与从动轴13(切换状态S2)耦联。在图3中，副轴11的行星齿轮传动级31的行星架37与圆柱齿轮级45的同轴地支承在从动轴13上的浮动齿轮49以不能相对转动的方式连接。
在图4中，不同于图3，副轴11仅仅由圆柱齿轮级45形成，即，没有行星齿轮传动级31。为此，圆柱齿轮级45如在图3中一样具有驱动侧齿轮47，其作为浮动齿轮转动支承在第一输入轴7上。驱动侧的浮动齿轮47可借助于电机侧的切换元件S与第一输入轴7(切换状态S1)或与从动轴13(切换状态S2)耦联。然而，不同于图3，在图4中，从动侧的齿轮49作为固定齿轮以不能相对转动的方式布置在电机轴25上。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的混合动力动力传动系，该混合动力动力传动系具有电机(5)和内燃机(1)，内燃机的力输出轴(10)通过双离合器的两个分离离合器(K1、K2)交替地驱动双离合变速器(3)的第一输入轴(7)或与该第一输入轴同轴的第二输入轴(9)，利用输入轴(7、9)能分别激活第一子变速器(I)和第二子变速器(II)，在两个输入轴(7、9)和与之轴线平行的公共的从动轴(13)上在齿轮平面(RE1～RE8)中布置有固定齿轮和浮动齿轮，所述固定齿轮和浮动齿轮组成齿轮组以形成挡位级(1～7，R)，在所述齿轮组中浮动齿轮能借助于挡位切换元件(G1～G4)与所述轴(7、9、13)耦联，电机(5)必要时通过副轴(11)作用于输入轴(7、9)中的一个输入轴(7)，在电机(5)和与之协同作用的电机侧的输入轴(7)之间连接有电机侧切换元件(S)，该电机侧切换元件在第一切换状态(S1)中使所述电机(5)与电机侧的输入轴(7)耦联并在非作用状态(N)中使电机(5)与双离合变速器(3)脱开，其特征在于，电机侧切换元件(S)能切换到第二切换状态(S2)，在该第二切换状态中，电机(5)与从动轴(13)耦联并与电机侧的输入轴(7)脱开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，副轴(11)具有与所有挡位级(G1～G4)分开的齿轮组，特别是行星齿轮传动级(31)和/或圆柱齿轮级(45)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，电机侧切换元件(S)布置在电机侧的输入轴(7)上，电机侧切换元件(S)能从其非作用状态(N)起在轴向方向上朝向两侧地或者切换到其第一切换状态(S1)中或者与之相反地切换到其第二切换状态(S2)中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，与电机侧切换元件(S)在轴向方向上直接相邻有形成挡位级的电机侧齿轮平面(RE8)，该电机侧齿轮平面具有支承在电机侧的输入轴(7)上的驱动侧浮动齿轮(41)，在第二切换状态(S2)中，电机侧齿轮平面(RE8)的浮动齿轮(41)与电机(5)耦联，以使电机连接到从动轴(13)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，电机侧齿轮平面(RE8)的驱动侧浮动齿轮(41)为了挡位切换而能借助于相关的挡位切换元件(G4)与电机侧的输入轴(7)耦联。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，第一子变速器(I)和第二子变速器(II)在轴向方向上并排布置，第一子变速器(I)在中间布置有第二子变速器(II)的情况下与双离合器(K1、K2)沿轴向间隔开，和/或电机侧的输入轴(7)为实心轴，该实心轴同轴地布置在构造为空心轴的第二输入轴(9)内。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，电机侧的输入轴(7)在轴向延展中以末段(23)超出第一子变速器(I)，所述电机侧切换元件(S)安置在该末段上，所述末段(23)在电机侧切换元件(S)的第一切换状态(S1)中与电机(5)耦联。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，电机侧切换元件(S)以轴向对准的方式布置在沿轴向方向位于变速器靠外区域的电机侧齿轮平面(RE8)与电机(5)的副轴(11)之间，和/或所有齿轮平面(RE1～RE8)沿轴向相继地布置在双离合变速器(3)中，双离合器(K1、K2)布置在沿轴向靠外的变速器端部处，电机(5)布置在沿轴向相对而置的靠外的变速器端部处。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，电机(5)的电机轴(25)与电机侧的输入轴(7)同轴布置或与从动轴(13)同轴布置。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，副轴(11)具有行星齿轮传动级(31)，该行星齿轮传动级具有太阳轮(33)、沿径向靠外的齿圈(35)以及布置在中间的行星齿轮(39)。
11.根据权利要求9至10中任一项所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，电机轴(25)为空心轴，该空心轴同轴地支承在电机侧的输入轴(7)上、特别是同轴地支承在电机侧的输入轴的末段(23)上，或同轴地支承在从动轴(13)上，和/或副轴(11)的齿轮(33；49)以不能相对转动的方式布置在电机轴(25)上。
12.根据权利要求10和11所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，太阳轮(33)以不能相对转动的方式布置在电机轴(25)上，沿径向靠外的齿圈(35)相对于壳体固定，在电机侧切换元件(S)的第一切换状态(S1)中，承载行星齿轮(39)的行星架(37)与电机侧的输入轴(7)耦联，在电机侧切换元件(S)的第二切换状态(S2)中，承载行星齿轮(39)的行星架(37)与电机侧齿轮平面(RE8)的驱动侧浮动齿轮(41)耦联。
13.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，电机轴(25)同轴地支承在从动轴(13)上，副轴(11)具有圆柱齿轮级(45)，该圆柱齿轮级的驱动侧齿轮(47)作为浮动齿轮支承在电机侧的输入轴(7)上，在电机侧的切换元件(S)的第一切换状态(S1)中，圆柱齿轮级(45)的驱动侧浮动齿轮(47)与电机侧的输入轴(7)耦联，在电机侧的切换元件(S)的第二切换状态(S2)中，圆柱齿轮级(45)的驱动侧浮动齿轮(47)与电机侧的齿轮平面(RE8)的驱动侧浮动齿轮(41)耦联。
14.根据权利要求12和13所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，副轴(11)具有圆柱齿轮级(45)以及行星齿轮传动级(31)，行星齿轮(39)的行星架(37)与圆柱齿轮级(45)的从动侧的、同轴地支承在从动轴(13)上的浮动齿轮(49)以不能相对转动的方式连接。
15.根据权利要求13所述的混合动力动力传动系，其特征在于，副轴(11)仅仅具有圆柱齿轮级(45)，该圆柱齿轮级的从动侧的齿轮(49)作为固定齿轮以不能相对转动的方式布置在电机轴(25)上。
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