CN111010944A

CN111010944A - Volume-adjustable seeding device based on nondestructive operation

Info

Publication number: CN111010944A
Application number: CN202010052922.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴明亮; 肖瑶; 官春云; 唐叶; 谢伟
Original assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-01-17
Filing date: 2020-01-17
Publication date: 2020-04-17
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-17
Also published as: CN111010944B

Abstract

The volume-adjustable seeding device based on nondestructive operation is characterized in that the discharging control mechanism is arranged at the upper part of the box body, the brushing mechanism is arranged above the seeding control mechanism, the seeding control mechanism is arranged in the middle of the box body, the seed protection mechanism is in contact with the seeding control mechanism, and the inoculation cup is arranged below the box body; meanwhile, a left seed filling channel, a right seed filling channel, a seed wheel seed filling channel, a seed storage area, a transition area, a seed filling area, a seed brushing area and a seed filling cavity which can complete nondestructive operation are formed in the box body through the structure, a left seed filling cavity cylinder and a right seed filling cavity cylinder in the horizontal cavity assembly in the seeding control mechanism can be connected with the seeding wheel seed filling channel after being in butt joint, the transition area is connected with the seed filling area, the transition area is connected with the seed storage area, the seed brushing area is connected with the seed filling area, the seed filling cavity can be adjusted according to the requirement of the seeding quantity, and the quantified seeds can be collected into the seed filling cavity, so that the phenomenon that the seeds are in hard contact with the seed protection mechanism to cause secondary mechanical damage to the seeds is avoided, and the nondestructive operation is realized.

Description

Volume-adjustable seeding device based on nondestructive operation

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a volume-adjustable seeding device based on nondestructive operation.

Background

The quality of the performance of the seeding device directly influences the seeding quality. A good seeder must have the commonality good, can adapt to the seeding of big, medium and small cereal, beans, forage grass and vegetable seed, simultaneously can not damage the seed in seeder working process. The seeder who uses on the present seeder is mostly the type hole wheel, mainly relies on the type hole of seed dead weight filling type hole wheel to rely on the dead weight to discharge, as the high seed metering ware that fills of patent application number 200420066140.0, the high-speed precision seed metering ware of patent application number 201010032446.4, the seeder precision seed metering ware of patent application number 91219223.2 and the grain seed metering ware that patent application number is 200810027896.7 have removable elasticity to rotate and protect kind of device, it exists following not enoughly:

1. mechanical damage is caused to seeds, 2, the seeding amount is not accurate enough, and 3, the problems of seed leakage, intermittent contusion of seeds and the like can occur in the mechanism;

meanwhile, the wheel-shaped holes of the profile holes are filled and the seeds are discharged by means of the self-weight of the seeds, so that the operation speed of the seeder is limited, and particularly, after the profile holes are filled with the seeds under the action of the gravity, the flat seeds are easily clamped in the profile holes, so that the phenomena of cavities and short strips are caused; in addition, the seed protection board that present seeder used is mostly the rigid fixation type seed protection board, and the seed protection board is used for protecting to send the seed through protecting kind district, protects the seed board and can prevent that the seed from dropping in the type hole, nevertheless can rub the seed with the hands, and then causes the seed damage rate higher.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a seeding apparatus with adjustable volume based on non-destructive operation, so as to solve the problems in the background art.

The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the volume-adjustable seeding device based on nondestructive operation comprises a seeding control mechanism, a seed protection mechanism, a box body, a seed receiving cup, a seed brushing mechanism and a discharging control mechanism, wherein the discharging control mechanism for controlling discharging is arranged at the upper part of the box body; meanwhile, a left seed filling channel, a right seed filling channel, a seed wheel seed filling channel, a seed storage area, a transition area, a seed filling area, a seed brushing area and a seed filling cavity which can complete nondestructive operation are formed in the box body through the structure, a left seed filling channel and a right seed filling channel in the seeding control mechanism can be communicated with the seeding wheel seed filling channel which is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction after the left seed filling cylinder and the right seed filling cylinder in the cavity assembly are in butt joint, the transition area is communicated with the seed filling area, the transition area is communicated with the seed storage area, the seed brushing area is communicated with the seed filling area, and the seed filling cavity is positioned below the left seed filling channel, the right seed filling channel and the seed filling channel of the seeding wheel.

In the sowing control mechanism, a driving main shaft is arranged on a box body, a power transmission wheel used for driving the driving main shaft to rotate is arranged at one end of the driving main shaft, a power transmission wheel used for driving a brushing mechanism to rotate is arranged at the other end of the driving main shaft, the driving main shaft penetrates through a sowing wheel main body, the axial rotation center of the driving main shaft is superposed with the axial rotation center of the sowing wheel main body, a limiting adjusting component, a containing cavity adjusting component and a transverse containing cavity component are symmetrically arranged relative to the sowing wheel main body, the containing cavity adjusting component is arranged on the transverse containing cavity component and is in contact with the containing cavity adjusting component, and a floating driving component is sleeved on the driving main shaft; an arc which is contacted with the seed protection mechanism and corresponds to the arc section of the box body is formed at the outermost periphery of the seeding wheel main body;

in the limiting and adjusting assembly, a left adjusting screw and a right adjusting screw are symmetrically arranged on the box body about the sowing wheel main body, one end of the left adjusting screw is movably hinged with a left limiting and adjusting plate, the left limiting and adjusting plate is integrally annular, a plurality of steps are arranged on the left limiting and adjusting plate, and a plurality of left adjusting screws are arranged along the annular and used for fixing or adjusting the left limiting and adjusting plate; one end of the right adjusting screw is movably hinged with the right limiting adjusting plate, the right limiting adjusting plate is integrally annular, a plurality of steps are arranged on the right limiting adjusting plate, and a plurality of right adjusting screws are arranged along the annular and used for fixing or adjusting the right limiting adjusting plate;

in the accommodating cavity adjusting assembly, a left adjusting block and a right adjusting block are symmetrically arranged about the sowing wheel main body, and a left adjusting rod and a right adjusting rod are symmetrically arranged about the sowing wheel main body; the left adjusting block is fixedly connected with the left adjusting rod, a limiting profile is arranged on the left adjusting rod, a left adjusting retaining ring is arranged on the left adjusting rod, the left adjusting rod is arranged on the left inner retaining ring in a penetrating and sliding mode, a spring is arranged between the left adjusting block and the left inner retaining ring, the spring is arranged between the left adjusting retaining ring and the left inner retaining ring, the left adjusting rod is limited by the left inner retaining ring, the left adjusting rod and the left adjusting block cannot rotate in the circumferential direction and only can do axial reciprocating translation, and the pre-pressure of the springs on the two sides of the left inner retaining ring and the position of the left adjusting block relative to the left-right symmetric central line of the sowing wheel main body are adjusted by adjusting the position of the left adjusting retaining; the contact mode of the left adjusting rod and the left limiting adjusting plate is sliding or rolling; the right adjusting block is fixedly connected with the right adjusting rod, a limiting molded surface is arranged on the right adjusting rod, a right adjusting retaining ring is arranged on the right adjusting rod, the right adjusting rod is arranged on the right inner retaining ring in a penetrating and sliding mode, a spring is arranged between the right adjusting block and the right inner retaining ring, the spring is arranged between the right adjusting retaining ring and the right inner retaining ring, the right adjusting rod is limited by the right inner retaining ring, the right adjusting rod and the right adjusting block cannot rotate in the circumferential direction and only can do axial reciprocating translation, the pre-pressure on the two sides of the right inner retaining ring and the position of the right adjusting block relative to the left-right symmetric central line of the sowing wheel main body are adjusted by adjusting the position of the right adjusting retaining ring on the right adjusting rod, and the contact mode of the right;

in the rotation process of the sowing wheel main body, under the action of the limiting adjusting component, the accommodating cavity adjusting component is pushed to change the relative position of the end adjusting block, so that the size of the seed filling accommodating cavity is changed, and the operation processes of constant-volume seed filling, expansion seed protection and seed containing and seed discharging are achieved;

in the transverse containing cavity assembly, a left containing cavity cylinder and a right containing cavity cylinder are symmetrically arranged about the main body of the sowing wheel and can be in butt joint, a left inner baffle ring is arranged in the left containing cavity cylinder, and a right inner baffle ring is arranged in the right containing cavity cylinder;

in the floating driving assembly, a driving main body is sleeved on a driving main shaft, the axial rotation center of the driving main body is superposed with the axial rotation center of the driving main shaft, one end of the seeding wheel main body, which is connected with the driving main body, is uniformly and circumferentially provided with a plurality of transmission key slots correspondingly, driven steel balls are arranged in the corresponding key slots and are used for transmitting power, the other end of the driving main body is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of floating support cavities for transmitting power to the driving main shaft, a driving steel ball, a steel ball pressure lever, a pressure regulating spring and a pressure regulating lever are sequentially arranged in the floating support cavities, the pre-tightening pressure of the pressure regulating spring is set through the pressure regulating lever, and the pre-tightening pressure is the lowest thrust;

a plurality of main shaft driving grooves corresponding to the floating support cavities are uniformly distributed on the driving main shaft along the circumferential direction, the driving steel balls and the main shaft driving grooves are matched to transmit power, the driving main shaft drives the driving steel balls through the main shaft driving grooves so as to drive the driving main body to rotate, when the seeding control mechanism encounters abnormal clamping stagnation, the driving main shaft still rotates under the action of external driving force, but the clamping stagnation drives the main body to generate resistance, when the resistance is greater than the upward acting force of the driving main shaft for pushing the driving steel balls, the driving main body stops rotating, the driving steel balls are pushed to leave the main shaft driving grooves, and therefore mechanical damage to related parts caused by continuous driving is avoided;

the steel ball support is adopted to this one end that drive main part and seeding wheel main part link up, the steel ball support is adopted equally to this one end that drive main part and drive main shaft link up, two steel balls accomplish circumference power transmission when providing the support, because the spacing of seeding wheel main part is accomplished by protecting kind outer lane and box circular arc section, consequently the drive main part can not carry out the repeated location to seeding wheel main part again, can not produce the degree of freedom restriction of other directions again, so this floating support transmission scheme can avoid the problem of repeated location when preventing mechanical damage.

In the seed protection mechanism, the seed protection outer ring and the seed protection inner ring are integrally of an arc structure, the seed protection outer ring is connected with the seed protection inner ring through a seed protection spring, a sliding wear-resistant layer is arranged on an inner curved arc surface of the seed protection inner ring, an arc formed by the seed protection inner ring and the sliding wear-resistant layer arranged on the seed protection inner ring corresponds to an arc formed by the outermost periphery of a seeding wheel main body of the seeding control mechanism, one end of the seed protection inner ring is provided with a guide transition arc-shaped bent part, and a plurality of seed protection springs are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of an outer curved arc of the seed protection inner ring and an inner curved arc of the seed protection outer ring;

the two ends of the seed protection outer ring are respectively provided with a curling installation lug, a bolt for fastening, installing and protecting the seed mechanism penetrates through the curling installation lug to be adjustably arranged on the box body, the position of the bolt in the seed protection installation adjusting hole is adjusted through adjusting the curling installation lug, so that the position of the seed protection inner ring relative to the box body arc section is adjusted, the arc formed at the outermost periphery of the sowing wheel main body is simultaneously contacted with the seed protection inner ring and the box body arc section, and the prepressing force of the seed protection spring is adjusted through adjusting the position of the bolt on the curling installation lug so as to press the seed protection inner ring on the sowing wheel main body.

The box body is provided with a box body mounting seat for mounting and connecting with other devices, a seed protection mounting adjusting hole arranged on the box body is used for mounting a bolt of a seed protection mechanism penetrating through a curling mounting lug, the position of the seed protection mechanism relative to the box body can be adjusted, a sliding wear-resistant layer is arranged on a box body arc section, an arc formed by the box body arc section and the sliding wear-resistant layer arranged on the box body arc section corresponds to an arc formed by the outermost periphery of a sowing wheel main body of a sowing control mechanism, a box body partition plate for forming a seed storage area at the upper part in the box body is arranged in the box body, a discharging notch for controlling the opening degree of the box body partition plate through the discharging control mechanism is arranged on the box body partition plate, a seed brushing cleaning plate and a seed brushing partition plate are arranged below the box body; and one end of the seed brush clapboard is provided with a flexible seed separating brush which is used for contacting with the seeding wheel main body.

The rotary main body of the seed brushing mechanism is arranged on the box body through a seed brushing shaft, a flexible rotary seed brush in contact with one end of the seed brushing cleaning plate is evenly distributed on the rotary main body in the circumferential direction, a driving wheel is arranged at one end of the seed brushing shaft, power is transmitted to the driving wheel through a power transmission wheel of the driving main shaft, and the seed brushing shaft is driven to rotate through the driving wheel.

In the invention, a left seed charging channel is transversely arranged on a left cavity containing cylinder, a right seed charging channel is transversely arranged on a right cavity containing cylinder, the left cavity containing cylinder and the right cavity containing cylinder are butted to form a complete channel, and the complete channel is communicated with a seed charging channel of a sowing wheel; the seed brushing cleaning plate, the box body partition plate, the seed brushing partition plate, the seeding wheel main body and the seed brushing mechanism form a seed brushing area, the box body partition plate, the seed brushing partition plate, the seeding wheel main body and the periphery of the box body form a transition area and a seed filling area, the transition area is communicated with the seed storage area through a discharging notch arranged on the box body partition plate, the seed brushing area is communicated with the seed filling area through a seed returning notch arranged on the seed brushing partition plate, seeds temporarily stored in the seed storage area are controlled by a discharging control mechanism to reach the seed filling area through the transition area under the action of gravity, the seeds generate speed in the process of passing through the transition area due to the action of gravity, and inertia impact force is generated when reaching the seed filling area, so the seed filling is completed under the combined action of the gravity and the inertia impact force; the seeds are accumulated at the seed filling area, but the accumulation height is lower than the lowest position of the seed returning gap on the seed brushing partition plate, a large amount of seeds are stored in the seed storage area, the seeds at the upper part of the seed storage area form larger pressure to the seeds at the bottom due to self gravity, the amount of the seeds reaching the seed filling area is small, and the self-weight pressure can be ignored, so that the mechanical damage to the seeds caused by the seed filling channel of the sowing wheel main body in the rotating seed filling process can be avoided, and when the seeds in the seed filling area are continuously filled and consumed, the seeds in the seed storage area are controlled to be timely supplemented to the seed filling area through the transition area through the discharging gap on the box partition plate; the left regulating block is provided with an arc-shaped curved surface, and the curved centripetal direction of the arc-shaped curved surface points to the seed charging channel of the sowing wheel; an arc-shaped curved surface is arranged on the right adjusting block, and the curved centripetal direction of the arc-shaped curved surface points to the seed charging channel of the sowing wheel.

Has the advantages that:

1) the seed storage area and the seed filling area are separated, the falling amount of seeds in the seed storage area is controlled by the discharging control mechanism, the sufficient seed supply of the seed filling area is effectively ensured, and the overstocking of the seed filling area is avoided, so that the mechanical damage to the seeds in the rotation process of the seeding wheel main body due to the overstocking effect of the self gravity of the seeds is avoided;

2) after seed filling, the invention is provided with two cleaning and brushing processes for cleaning over-filled and excessive seeds and ensuring the accurate output of the seeds, and the seeds removed by the seed brushing structure can automatically return to a seed filling area;

3) the seed filling cavity can be adjusted according to the requirement of the seeding amount, the disassembly or the replacement of any part is not needed, the required seeding amount can be obtained by adjusting the limiting adjusting component, the seed filling cavity is kept unchanged in the seed filling region and the seed brushing region, the set seed filling amount can be ensured, the seed filling cavity is enlarged under the control of the limiting adjusting component before the seed filling cavity crosses the seed brushing region and enters the seed protection region, and the quantified seeds are further collected into the seed filling cavity, so that the seed is prevented from being in hard contact with a seed protection mechanism and further causing secondary mechanical damage to the seeds, and the nondestructive operation is realized;

4) in the invention, the seeds cross the seed protection area, and the seed filling containing cavity is rapidly contracted under the action of the limiting adjusting assembly in the seeding process, so that the seeds in the seed filling containing cavity are all discharged, the phenomena of cavities and short strips caused by the fact that the flat seeds are easily clamped in the shaped holes are effectively avoided, the technical effect of thoroughly removing the seeding is achieved, and the operation speed is effectively improved;

5) the seeding wheel main body adopts an elastic limiting mode of peripheral support, can ensure the zero-clearance sealing effect of the seeding wheel main body and the seed filling region and the seed protecting region, can adjust the seed protecting part, effectively ensures the self-adaptability of the assembly of the seeding wheel main body so as to obtain the technical effect of high-precision assembly, and thus avoids the mechanical damage and the clamping stagnation caused by the small-particle seed clearance;

6) the invention adopts the floating driving component, avoids repeated limit to the main body of the sowing wheel during assembly, can automatically cut off the power when an unexpected fault occurs, avoids unnecessary damage to related parts, and can adjust the maximum resistance of the fault when the power is cut off according to the requirement so as to realize the optimal operation effect of the whole machine;

7) the invention has the advantages of no damage to seeds, accurate output of seeding rate, stable mechanism operation and proper protection in the whole machine operation process, and effectively solves the technical problem of damage to the seeds in the prior art, especially the technical problem of small-particle seeds such as rape seeds.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at X-X of fig. 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the seeding control mechanism and the seed protection mechanism in the preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a seed protection mechanism in a preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the seeding control mechanism and the box body in the preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the drive spindle mounting in the preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of constant volume seed filling in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a volume expansion seed protection method in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the seed container and feeder in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.

See seeder with adjustable volume based on harmless operation of fig. 1 ~ 10, including seeding control mechanism 1, protect kind of mechanism 2, box 3, inoculation cup 4, brush kind of mechanism 5 and drop feed control mechanism 6, wherein, drop feed control mechanism 6 sets up on 3 upper portions of box, brush kind of mechanism 5 and set up in seeding control mechanism 1 top, seeding control mechanism 1 installs in 3 middle parts of box, protect kind of mechanism 2 and seeding control mechanism 1 contact, inoculation cup 4 sets up in box 3 below, concrete structure is as follows:

the seeding control mechanism 1 comprises a seeding wheel main body 1-1, a limiting adjusting component 1-2, a containing cavity adjusting component 1-3, a transverse containing cavity component 1-4, a floating driving component 1-5 and a driving main shaft 1-6, wherein the driving main shaft 1-6 is arranged on a box body 3 through a bearing, power transmission wheels are arranged at two ends of the driving main shaft 1-6, the power transmission wheel at one end is used for driving the driving main shaft 1-6 to rotate, the power transmission wheel at the other end is driven by the driving main shaft 1-6 to rotate so as to drive a driving wheel arranged on a brush shaft of the seed brushing mechanism 5 to rotate, the driving main shaft 1-6 penetrates through the seeding wheel main body 1-1, the axial rotation center of the driving main shaft 1-6 is coincident with the axial rotation center of the seeding wheel main body 1-1, and the limiting adjusting component, The cavity adjusting components 1-3 and the transverse cavity components 1-4 are symmetrically arranged relative to the main body 1-1 of the sowing wheel, and the floating driving components 1-5 are sleeved on the driving main shaft 1-6;

the limiting and adjusting assembly 1-2 comprises a left limiting and adjusting plate 1-21, a left locking nut 1-22, a left adjusting screw 1-23, a right limiting and adjusting plate 1-24, a right locking nut 1-25 and a right adjusting screw 1-26, wherein the left adjusting screw 1-23 is arranged on the box body 3 and locked by the left locking nut 1-22, one end of the left adjusting screw 1-23 is movably hinged with the left limiting and adjusting plate 1-21, the left limiting and adjusting plate 1-21 is integrally annular, a plurality of steps are arranged on the left limiting and adjusting plate 1-21, and a plurality of left adjusting screws 1-23 are arranged along the annular to fix the left limiting and adjusting plate 1-21 and adjust the position of the left limiting and adjusting plate 1-21 relative to the left adjusting rod 1-31; the right adjusting screws 1-26 are arranged on the box body 3 and locked through right locking nuts 1-25, one ends of the right adjusting screws 1-26 are movably hinged with right limiting adjusting plates 1-24, the whole right limiting adjusting plates 1-24 are circular ring-shaped, a plurality of steps are arranged on the right limiting adjusting plates 1-24, and a plurality of right adjusting screws 1-26 are arranged along the circular rings to fix the right limiting adjusting plates 1-24 and adjust the positions of the right limiting adjusting plates 1-24 relative to the right adjusting rods 1-34;

the accommodating cavity adjusting assembly 1-3 comprises a left adjusting rod 1-31, a left adjusting retainer ring 1-32, a left adjusting block 1-33, a right adjusting rod 1-34, a right adjusting retainer ring 1-35 and a right adjusting block 1-36, wherein the left adjusting block 1-33 and the right adjusting block 1-36 are symmetrically arranged relative to the sowing wheel main body 1-1, and the left adjusting rod 1-31 and the right adjusting rod 1-34 are symmetrically arranged relative to the sowing wheel main body 1-1; the left adjusting block 1-33 is fixedly connected with the left adjusting rod 1-31, a limiting profile is arranged on the left adjusting rod 1-31, the left adjusting rod 1-31 is arranged on the left inner baffle ring 1-42 in a penetrating and sliding mode and limited by the left inner baffle ring 1-42, the left adjusting rod 1-31 and the left adjusting block 1-33 can not rotate circumferentially but can only do axial reciprocating translation, a spring is arranged between the left adjusting block 1-33 and the left inner baffle ring 1-42, a left adjusting retainer ring 1-32 is arranged on the left adjusting rod 1-31, a spring is arranged between the left adjusting retainer ring 1-32 and the left inner baffle ring 1-42, and the pre-pressure of the spring at two sides of the left inner baffle ring 1-42 and the position of the left adjusting block 1-33 relative to the left-right symmetric central line of the sowing wheel main body 1-1 are adjusted by adjusting the position of the left adjusting retainer ring 1-32 on the left adjusting rod 1, the left adjusting retainer ring 1-32 and the left adjusting block 1-33 are positioned at two sides of the left inner retainer ring 1-42; the contact mode of the left adjusting rod 1-31 and the left limit adjusting plate 1-21 is sliding or rolling; the right adjusting block 1-36 is fixedly connected with the right adjusting rod 1-34, a limiting profile is arranged on the right adjusting rod 1-34, the right adjusting rod 1-34 is arranged on the right inner baffle ring 1-44 in a penetrating and sliding mode and limited by the right inner baffle ring 1-44, the right adjusting rod 1-34 and the right adjusting block 1-36 can not rotate in the circumferential direction and can only do reciprocating translation in the axial direction, a spring is arranged between the right adjusting block 1-36 and the right inner baffle ring 1-44, a right adjusting retainer ring 1-35 is arranged on the right adjusting rod 1-34, a spring is arranged between the right adjusting retainer ring 1-35 and the right inner baffle ring 1-44, and the pre-pressure of the spring at two sides of the right inner baffle ring 1-44 and the position of the right adjusting block 1-36 relative to the left-right symmetrical central line of the sowing wheel main body 1-1 are adjusted by adjusting the position of the right adjusting retainer ring 1, the right adjusting retainer rings 1-35 and the right adjusting blocks 1-36 are positioned at two sides of the right inner retainer rings 1-44, and the contact mode of the right adjusting rods 1-34 and the right limiting adjusting plates 1-24 is sliding or rolling; the left adjusting retainer ring 1-32 and the right adjusting retainer ring 1-35 respectively and correspondingly adjust the left adjusting block 1-33 and the right adjusting block 1-36, so that the left adjusting block 1-33 and the right adjusting block 1-36 are symmetrical relative to the sowing wheel main body 1-1, the left adjusting rod 1-31 is contacted with the step surface of the left limiting adjusting plate 1-21, the right adjusting rod 1-34 is contacted with the step surface of the right limiting adjusting plate 1-24 under the action of spring force in the rotation process of the sowing wheel main body 1-1 driving the transverse cavity assembly 1-4 and the cavity adjusting assembly 1-3, the limiting adjusting assemblies 1-2 arranged at two sides can be independently adjusted, the left adjusting block 1-33 and the right adjusting block 1-36 are symmetrical relative to the sowing wheel main body 1-1, and the distance between the left adjusting block 1-33 and the right adjusting block 1-36 is changed, therefore, the purpose of adjusting the seed charging amount is achieved, the operation is convenient and quick, disassembly is not needed, and parts do not need to be replaced;

the transverse cavity assembly 1-4 comprises a left cavity cylinder 1-41, a left inner baffle ring 1-42, a right cavity cylinder 1-43 and a right inner baffle ring 1-44, wherein the left cavity cylinder 1-41 and the right cavity cylinder 1-43 are symmetrically arranged about the sowing wheel main body 1-1 and can be in butt joint, the left inner baffle ring 1-42 is arranged in the left cavity cylinder 1-41, the right inner baffle ring 1-44 is arranged in the right cavity cylinder 1-43, and the left cavity cylinder 1-41 and the right cavity cylinder 1-43 are respectively limited to be opposite to the sowing wheel main body 1-1;

the floating driving assembly 1-5 comprises a driving main body 1-51, a driving steel ball 1-52, a steel ball pressure lever 1-53, a pressure regulating spring 1-54, a pressure regulating rod 1-55, a driven steel ball 1-56 and a limit retainer ring 1-57, wherein the driving main body 1-51 is sleeved on the driving main shaft 1-6, the axial rotation center of the driving main body 1-51 is superposed with the axial rotation center of the driving main shaft 1-6, one end of the driving main body 1-51 is matched and connected with the sowing wheel main body 1-1 to transmit power, in the embodiment, the driven steel ball 1-56 transmits power, and the limit retainer ring 1-57 limits the relative position of the sowing wheel main body 1-1 and the driving main body 1-51, and the technical scheme can also adopt other modes for transmitting power, such as spline transmission, The axial limiting can adopt nuts, bolts and the like, a plurality of transmission key slots are uniformly and correspondingly arranged along the circumferential direction at one end of the seeding wheel main body 1-1, which is connected with the driving main body 1-51, and driven steel balls 1-56 are arranged in the corresponding key slots and used for transmitting power, a plurality of floating support cavities are uniformly and circumferentially arranged at the other end of the driving main body 1-51, driving steel balls 1-52, steel ball pressure levers 1-53, pressure regulating springs 1-54 and pressure regulating levers 1-55 are sequentially arranged in the floating support cavities, the pre-tightening pressure of the pressure regulating springs 1-54 is set through the pressure regulating levers 1-55, and the pre-tightening pressure is the lowest upward thrust of the driving steel balls 1-52 for pushing the steel ball pressure levers 1-53;

a plurality of main shaft driving grooves 1-61 are uniformly distributed on the driving main shaft 1-6 along the circumferential direction, the main shaft driving grooves 1-61 correspond to the floating support cavity, the driving steel balls 1-52 and the main shaft driving grooves 1-61 are matched to transmit power, the driving main shaft 1-6 drives the driving steel balls 1-52 through the main shaft driving grooves 1-61 to further drive the driving main body 1-51 to rotate, when the seeding control mechanism 1 encounters abnormal clamping stagnation, the driving main shaft 1-6 still rotates under the action of external driving force, but the main body 1-51 generates resistance due to the clamping stagnation, when the resistance is larger than the upward acting force of the driving main shaft 1-6 for pushing the driving steel balls 1-52, the driving main body 1-51 stops rotating, and the driving steel balls 1-52 are pushed to leave the main shaft driving grooves 1-61, thereby avoiding mechanical damage to the relevant components from the continuous drive;

the end of the driving main body 1-51, which is connected with the seeding wheel main body 1-1, is supported by steel balls, the end of the driving main body 1-51, which is connected with the driving main shaft 1-6, is also supported by steel balls, the two steel balls provide support and complete circumferential power transmission, and the spacing of the seeding wheel main body 1-1 is completed by the seed protection outer ring 2-3 and the box body arc section 3-3, so the driving main body 1-51 can not repeatedly position the seeding wheel main body 1-1, while the floating support transmission scheme adopted by the embodiment only circumferentially drives the seeding wheel main body 1-1 which is left with circumferential rotation, and can not generate the limitation of freedom degrees in other directions, so the floating support transmission scheme avoids the problem of repeated positioning while preventing mechanical damage;

the seed protection mechanism 2 comprises a seed protection spring 2-1, a seed protection outer ring 2-2 and a seed protection inner ring 2-3, wherein the seed protection outer ring 2-2 and the seed protection inner ring 2-3 are integrally of an arc structure, the seed protection outer ring 2-2 and the seed protection inner ring 2-3 are connected through the seed protection spring 2-1, a sliding wear-resistant layer D is arranged on the inner curved arc surface of the seed protection inner ring 2-3, an arc formed by the seed protection inner ring 2-3 and the sliding wear-resistant layer D arranged on the seed protection inner ring corresponds to an arc formed by the outermost periphery of a sowing wheel main body 1-1 of the sowing control mechanism 1, one end of the seed protection inner ring 2-3 is provided with a guide transition arc-shaped bent part, the seed protection spring 2-1 is uniformly distributed with a plurality of arc along the outer curve of the seed protection inner ring 2-3 and the inner curve of the seed protection outer ring 2-, the two ends of the seed protection outer ring 2-2 are respectively provided with a curling installation lug, a bolt for fastening and installing the seed protection mechanism 2 passes through the curling installation lug and is adjustably arranged on the box body 3, the position of the seed protection inner ring 2-3 relative to the box body arc section 3-3 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the bolt on the curling installation lug in the seed protection installation adjusting hole 3-2, the arc formed at the outermost periphery of the sowing wheel main body 1-1 is simultaneously contacted with the seed protection inner ring 2-3 and the box body arc section 3-3, the pre-pressure of the seed protection spring 2-1 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the bolt on the curling installation lug, so that the seed protection inner ring 2-3 is pressed on the sowing wheel main body 1-1, one side of the sowing wheel main body 1-1 is limited by the seed protection inner ring 2-3 at the moment, the other side is limited by the box body arc, the sowing wheel main body 1-1 obtains a fixed position relative to the box body 3 under the combined action of the seed protection inner ring 2-3 and the box body arc section 3-3, and the sowing wheel main body 1-1 can slide and rotate relative to the seed protection inner ring 2-3 and the box body arc section 3-3 under the action of external force;

the box body 3 comprises a box body mounting seat 3-1, a seed protection mounting and adjusting hole 3-2, a box body arc section 3-3, a seed brushing cleaning plate 3-4, a box body partition plate 3-5 and a seed brushing partition plate 3-6, wherein the box body mounting seat 3-1 is arranged on the box body 3 and is used for mounting and connecting with other devices, the seed protection mounting and adjusting hole 3-2 arranged on the box body 3 is used for mounting a bolt which passes through a curling mounting lug on the seed protection mechanism 2, the position of the seed protection mechanism 2 relative to the box body 3 can be adjusted, the box body arc section 3-3 is arranged on the box body 3, a sliding wear-resistant layer D is arranged on the box body arc section 3-3, an arc formed by the box body arc section 3-3 and the sliding wear-resistant layer D arranged thereon corresponds to an arc formed by the outermost periphery of the seeding wheel main body 1-1 of the seeding, a box body clapboard 3-5 is arranged in the box body 3, so that a seed storage area E is formed at the upper part in the box body 3, a discharging control mechanism 6 is arranged in the box body 3, a discharging gap is arranged on the box body clapboard 3-5, the discharging control mechanism 6 is used for controlling the opening degree of the discharging gap, a seed brushing cleaning plate 3-4 and a seed brushing clapboard 3-6 are arranged in the box body 3, a flexible seed brushing brush for contacting with the sowing wheel main body 1-1 is arranged at one end of the seed brushing clapboard 3-6, and a seed returning gap is arranged on the seed brushing clapboard 3-6;

a rotary main body of the brush mechanism 5 is arranged on the box body 3 through a brush shaft and a bearing, flexible rotary seed brushes which are contacted with one ends of the seed brushing cleaning plates 3-4 are uniformly distributed on the rotary main body in the circumferential direction, a driving wheel is arranged at one end of the brush shaft, power is transmitted to the driving wheel through a power transmission wheel of the driving main shaft 1-6, and the brush shaft is driven to rotate through the driving wheel;

in the embodiment, the seed brushing cleaning plate 3-4, the box body clapboard 3-5, the seed brushing clapboard 3-6, the sowing wheel main body 1-1 and the seed brushing mechanism 5 form a seed brushing area H, the box body clapboard 3-5, the seed brushing clapboard 3-6, the sowing wheel main body 1-1 and the periphery of the box body 3 form a transition area F and a seed filling area G, the transition area F is communicated with the seed storage area E through a discharging gap arranged on the box body clapboard 3-5, the seed brushing area H is communicated with the seed filling area G through a seed returning gap arranged on the seed brushing clapboard 3-6, the discharging control mechanism 6 controls the discharging gap on the box body clapboard 3-5 to reach the seed filling area G through the transition area F under the action of gravity, the seed generates speed in the process of passing through the transition area F due to the action of gravity, when the seeds reach the seed filling area G, inertial impact force can be generated, so that seed filling is completed under the combined action of gravity and the inertial impact force;

seeds are stacked in the seed filling area G, the stacking height is lower than the lowest position of the seed returning gap on the seed brushing partition plate 3-6, a large number of seeds are stored in the seed storage area E, the seeds on the upper portion form larger pressure on the seeds at the bottom due to self gravity, the amount of the seeds reaching the seed filling area G is small, and the self-weight pressure can be ignored, so that the mechanical damage to the seeds caused by the seed filling channel C of the sowing wheel main body 1-1 in the rotating seed filling process can be avoided, and when the seeds in the seed filling area G are continuously filled and consumed, the seeds in the seed storage area E are controlled to be timely replenished to the seed filling area G through the transition area F through the discharging gap on the box partition plate 3-5;

the seeding wheel main body 1-1 is uniformly provided with a plurality of cavities and seeding wheel seed filling channels C along the circumferential direction, each cavity is communicated with the corresponding seeding wheel seed filling channel C, each cavity is internally provided with a transverse cavity assembly 1-4, the transverse cavity assembly 1-4 is provided with a cavity adjusting assembly 1-3, a box body 3 is internally provided with a limiting adjusting assembly 1-2, and in the rotating process of the seeding wheel main body 1-1, under the action of the limiting adjusting assembly 1-2, the cavity adjusting assembly 1-3 is pushed to change the relative position of an end adjusting block thereof, so that the size of a seed filling cavity W is changed, and the operation processes of constant-volume seed filling, expansion seed protection and seed containing and discharging are achieved; the scheme according to the optimal embodiment is as follows:

a transverse left seed filling channel A is arranged on the left cavity cylinder 1-41, a transverse right seed filling channel B is arranged on the right cavity cylinder 1-43, after the left cavity cylinder 1-41 and the right cavity cylinder 1-43 are butted, the transverse left seed filling channel A and the transverse right seed filling channel B are butted to form a complete channel, and the complete channel is correspondingly communicated with the seed filling channel C of the sowing wheel; the left regulating blocks 1-33 are provided with arc-shaped curved surfaces, and the curved centripetal direction of the arc-shaped curved surfaces points to the seed charging channel C of the seeding wheel; the right regulating blocks 1-36 are provided with arc-shaped curved surfaces, and the curved centripetal direction of the arc-shaped curved surfaces points to the seed charging channel C of the seeding wheel; the left regulating block 1-33 and the right regulating block 1-36 are communicated with the chambers formed by the left chamber cylinder 1-41 and the right chamber cylinder 1-43 through a channel formed by a transverse left seed filling channel A and a transverse right seed filling channel B and a seed filling channel C of the sowing wheel; when the seeding wheel main body 1-1 drives the related components to rotate to the seed filling region G, the distance between the left adjusting block 1-33 and the right adjusting block 1-36 in the whole seed filling region G is kept unchanged under the action of the limiting adjusting component 1-2, and in the process, seeds in the seed filling region G are filled in the seed filling cavity W, the transverse left seed filling channel A, the transverse right seed filling channel B and the seeding wheel seed filling channel C under the action of gravity, the seeding wheel main body 1-1 preliminarily brushes the arched seeds accumulated when continuously rotating the flexible seed separating brush at the lower end of the seed brushing partition plate 3-6, then the seeds enter the seed brushing region H, and at the moment, redundant arched seeds can be further arranged, and the rotating seed brushing mechanism 5 thoroughly sweeps the redundant arched seeds along with the rotation of the seeding wheel main body 1-1 to the lower part of the seed brushing mechanism 5, so as to keep the precision of the preset seed amount, when the seed quantity accumulation height of the seed brushing area H exceeds the lowest position of the seed returning gap arranged on the seed brushing partition plate 3-6, the seeds accumulated in the seed brushing area H return to the seed filling area G through the seed returning gap arranged on the seed brushing partition plate 3-6 under the action of inertia power generated in the rotation process of the seed brushing mechanism 5, when the seed filling channel C of the sowing wheel crosses the lowest position of the seed brushing mechanism 5, the distance between the left limiting adjusting plate 1-21 and the step on the right limiting adjusting plate 1-24 is gradually increased, the distance between the left adjusting block 1-33 and the right adjusting block 1-36 is also gradually increased under the action of the spring, the volume of the seed filling containing cavity W is also increased, the brushed seeds are further collected into the seed filling containing cavity W, and when the seed filling channel C of the sowing wheel rotates to the guide transition arc-shaped bending part of the seed protecting inner ring 2-3, the volume of the seed filling containing cavity W reaches the maximum, the seed filling cavity W in the whole seed protection area keeps unchanged, the seeds are in a loose state in the seed filling cavity W and cannot be pressed by the seed protection inner ring 2-3, the seeds start to fall under the action of gravity when the seed filling channel C of the sowing wheel rotates out of the seed protection area, meanwhile, the distance between the steps on the left limiting adjusting plate 1-21 and the right limiting adjusting plate 1-24 is gradually reduced, the volume of the seed filling cavity W is reduced, and the seeds in the seed filling cavity W are impacted under the pushing of the arc-shaped curved surfaces arranged on the left adjusting block 1-33 and the right adjusting block 1-36, so that the seeds in the seed filling cavity W are completely pushed out of the seed filling cavity W in the common action direction, the fallen seeds are discharged through the inoculation cup 4, and the operation processes of seed filling, seed brushing, seed protection and seed discharging are completed, after the seeds are discharged, the sowing wheel main body 1-1 continues to rotate, the distance between the steps on the left limiting adjusting plate 1-21 and the right limiting adjusting plate 1-24 gradually decreases until the set value is reached during seed filling, and thus, an operation cycle is completed.

Claims

1. The volume-adjustable seeding device based on nondestructive operation comprises a seeding control mechanism, a seed protection mechanism, a box body, a seed receiving cup, a seed brushing mechanism and a discharging control mechanism, and is characterized in that the discharging control mechanism for controlling discharging is arranged at the upper part of the box body, the seed brushing mechanism is arranged above the seeding control mechanism, the seeding control mechanism is arranged in the middle of the box body, the seed protection mechanism is contacted with the seeding control mechanism, the seed receiving cup is arranged below the box body, and a box body arc section contacted with the seeding control mechanism is arranged in the box body; meanwhile, a left seed filling channel, a right seed filling channel, a seed wheel seed filling channel, a seed storage area, a transition area, a seed filling area, a seed brushing area and a seed filling cavity which can complete nondestructive operation are formed in the box body through the structure, a left seed filling channel and a right seed filling channel in the seeding control mechanism can be communicated with the seeding wheel seed filling channel which is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction after the left seed filling cylinder and the right seed filling cylinder in the cavity assembly are in butt joint, the transition area is communicated with the seed filling area, the transition area is communicated with the seed storage area, the seed brushing area is communicated with the seed filling area, and the seed filling cavity is positioned below the left seed filling channel, the right seed filling channel and the seed filling channel of the seeding wheel.

2. The seeding device with the adjustable volume based on the nondestructive operation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the seeding control mechanism, the driving spindle is arranged on the box body and penetrates through the seeding wheel main body, and one end of the driving spindle is provided with a power transmission wheel for driving the driving spindle to rotate, the other end of the driving spindle is provided with a power transmission wheel for driving the brushing mechanism to brush the spindle to rotate, the axial rotation center of the driving spindle is coincident with the axial rotation center of the seeding wheel main body, the spacing adjustment assembly, the containing cavity adjustment assembly and the transverse containing cavity assembly are symmetrically arranged about the seeding wheel main body, the containing cavity adjustment assembly is arranged on the transverse containing cavity assembly, the spacing adjustment assembly is in contact with the containing cavity adjustment assembly, and the floating driving assembly is sleeved on the driving spindle; and an arc which is contacted with the seed protection mechanism and corresponds to the arc section of the box body is formed at the outermost periphery of the sowing wheel main body.

3. The seeding device with adjustable volume based on nondestructive operation of claim 2, characterized in that in the limit adjusting component, a left adjusting screw and a right adjusting screw are symmetrically arranged on the box body about the seeding wheel main body, one end of the left adjusting screw is movably hinged with a left limit adjusting plate, the left limit adjusting plate is integrally ring-shaped, a plurality of steps are arranged on the ring, and a plurality of left adjusting screws are arranged along the ring; one end of the right adjusting screw is movably hinged with the right limiting adjusting plate, the right limiting adjusting plate is integrally of a ring shape, a plurality of steps are arranged on the ring, and a plurality of right adjusting screws are arranged along the ring.

4. The seeding device with adjustable volume based on nondestructive operation of claim 2, characterized in that in the chamber adjusting assembly, the left adjusting block and the right adjusting block are symmetrically arranged about the seeding wheel main body, and the left adjusting rod and the right adjusting rod are symmetrically arranged about the seeding wheel main body; the left adjusting block is fixedly connected with the left adjusting rod, a limiting profile is arranged on the left adjusting rod, the left adjusting retainer ring is arranged on the left adjusting rod, the left adjusting rod is arranged on the left inner retaining ring in a penetrating and sliding mode, a spring is arranged between the left adjusting block and the left inner retaining ring, the spring is arranged between the left adjusting retainer ring and the left inner retaining ring, and the contact mode of the left adjusting rod and the left limiting adjusting plate is sliding or rolling; the right regulating block is fixedly connected with the right regulating rod, a limiting molded surface is arranged on the right regulating rod, the right regulating check ring is arranged on the right regulating rod, the right regulating rod penetrates through the right regulating rod to be arranged on the right inner retaining ring in a sliding manner, a spring is arranged between the right regulating block and the right inner retaining ring, a spring is arranged between the right regulating check ring and the right inner retaining ring, and the contact mode of the right regulating rod and the right limiting regulating plate is sliding or rolling.

5. The seeding device with adjustable volume based on nondestructive operation of claim 2, wherein in the transverse chamber assembly, a left chamber cylinder and a right chamber cylinder are symmetrically arranged about the seeding wheel main body and can be in butt joint, a left inner baffle ring is arranged in the left chamber cylinder, and a right inner baffle ring is arranged in the right chamber cylinder.

6. The seeding device with adjustable volume based on nondestructive operation of claim 2, wherein in the floating driving assembly, the driving main body is sleeved on the driving main shaft, and the axial rotation center of the driving main body coincides with the axial rotation center of the driving main shaft, a plurality of transmission key slots are uniformly and circumferentially arranged at the end of the seeding wheel main body connected with the driving main body, driven steel balls are arranged in the corresponding key slots, a plurality of floating supporting cavities for transmitting power to the driving main shaft are circumferentially and uniformly arranged at the other end of the driving main body, and a driving steel ball, a steel ball pressure lever, a pressure regulating spring and a pressure regulating lever are sequentially arranged in the floating supporting cavities.

7. The seeding device with adjustable volume based on nondestructive operation of claim 6, wherein the floating support cavity corresponds to the main shaft driving grooves uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the driving main shaft.

8. The volume-adjustable seeding device based on nondestructive operation according to claim 1, characterized in that in the seed protection mechanism, the seed protection outer ring and the seed protection inner ring are both of an arc structure as a whole, the seed protection outer ring and the seed protection inner ring are connected through a seed protection spring in the middle, a sliding wear-resistant layer is arranged on the inner curved arc surface of the seed protection inner ring, the arc formed by the seed protection inner ring and the sliding wear-resistant layer arranged thereon corresponds to the arc formed at the outermost periphery of the seeding wheel main body of the seeding control mechanism, one end of the seed protection inner ring is provided with a guiding transition arc-shaped bent portion, and the seed protection spring is simultaneously arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer curved arc of the seed protection inner ring and the inner curved arc of the seed protection outer ring; and two ends of the seed protection outer ring are respectively provided with a crimping installation lug for fastening and installing the seed protection mechanism.

9. The seeding device with the adjustable volume based on the nondestructive operation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the box body is provided with a box body mounting seat for mounting connection with other devices and a seed protection mounting adjustment hole for mounting the seed protection mechanism, and the arc formed by the box body arc section and the sliding wear-resistant layer arranged thereon corresponds to the arc formed by the outermost periphery of the seeding wheel main body of the seeding control mechanism; and one end of the seed brush clapboard is provided with a flexible seed separating brush which is used for contacting with the seeding wheel main body.

10. The seeding device with the adjustable volume based on the nondestructive operation of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a transverse left seed charging channel is arranged on the left cavity cylinder, a transverse right seed charging channel is arranged on the right cavity cylinder, the left cavity cylinder and the right cavity cylinder are butted to form a complete channel, and the complete channel is communicated with the seed charging channel of the seeding wheel; the seed brushing cleaning plate, the box body partition plate, the seed brushing partition plate, the seeding wheel main body and the seed brushing mechanism form a seed brushing area, the box body partition plate, the seed brushing partition plate, the seeding wheel main body and the periphery of the box body form a transition area and a seed filling area, the transition area is communicated with the seed storage area through a discharging notch arranged on the box body partition plate, the seed brushing area is communicated with the seed filling area through a seed returning notch arranged on the seed brushing partition plate, seeds temporarily stored in the seed storage area are controlled by a discharging control mechanism to reach the seed filling area through the transition area under the action of gravity, the seeds generate speed in the process of passing through the transition area due to the action of gravity, and inertia impact force is generated when reaching the seed filling area, so the seed filling is completed under the combined action of the gravity and the inertia impact force; when the seeds in the seed filling area are continuously filled and consumed, the seeds in the seed storage area are controlled by the discharging notches on the box body partition plates to be timely supplemented to the seed filling area through the transition area; the left regulating block and the right regulating block are respectively provided with an arc-shaped curved surface, and the curved centripetal direction of the arc-shaped curved surface points to the seed charging channel of the sowing wheel;

when the seeding wheel main body drives the related components to rotate to the seed filling area, the distance between the left adjusting block and the right adjusting block in the whole seed filling area is kept unchanged under the action of the limiting adjusting component, and in the process, seeds in the seed filling area are filled in the seed filling cavity, the transverse left seed filling channel, the transverse right seed filling channel and the seeding wheel seed filling channel under the action of gravity, the seeding wheel main body preliminarily brushes the arched seeds due to accumulation when continuously rotating the flexible seed brush passing through the lower end of the seed brushing partition plate and then enters the seed brushing area, redundant arched seeds are generated at the time, the rotating seed brushing mechanism thoroughly sweeps the redundant arched seeds along with the rotation of the seeding wheel main body to the lower part of the seed brushing mechanism, so that the preset seed metering precision is kept, when the accumulation height of the seed brushing area exceeds the lowest position of the seed returning notch arranged on the seed brushing partition plate, the accumulated seeds in the seed brushing area are under the action of inertia power generated in the rotation process of the seed brushing mechanism, returning to the seed filling area through a seed returning gap arranged on the seed brushing partition plate; when the seed filling channel of the sowing wheel crosses the lowest position of the seed brushing mechanism, the distance between the steps on the left limiting adjusting plate and the right limiting adjusting plate is gradually increased, the distance between the left adjusting block and the right adjusting block is also gradually increased under the action of the spring, the volume of the seed filling containing cavity is also increased, the brushed seeds are further collected into the seed filling containing cavity, when the seed filling channel of the sowing wheel rotates to the guiding transition arc-shaped bending part of the seed protection inner ring, the volume of the seed filling containing cavity reaches the maximum, the seed filling containing cavity in the whole seed protection region is kept unchanged, the seeds are in a loose state in the seed filling containing cavity, cannot be pressed by the seed protection inner ring and further rotate along with the main body of the sowing wheel; when the seed filling channel of the seeding wheel rotates out of the seed protection area, seeds begin to fall under the action of gravity, meanwhile, the distance between the steps on the left limiting adjusting plate and the right limiting adjusting plate gradually decreases, the volume of the seed filling containing cavity decreases, and under the pushing of the arc-shaped curved surfaces arranged on the left adjusting block and the right adjusting block, impact force is generated on the seeds in the seed filling containing cavity, the seeds in the seed filling containing cavity are thoroughly pushed out of the seed filling containing cavity by the common action direction, the falling seeds are discharged through the inoculation cup, so that the operation processes of seed filling, seed brushing, seed protection and seed discharging are completed, after the seeds are discharged, the seeding wheel main body continues to rotate, the distance between the steps on the left limiting adjusting plate and the right limiting adjusting plate gradually decreases until the set value during seed filling, and thus, an operation cycle is completed.