CN111004640A - Household garbage pyrolysis carbonization disposal system and method - Google Patents
Household garbage pyrolysis carbonization disposal system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111004640A CN111004640A CN201911244089.5A CN201911244089A CN111004640A CN 111004640 A CN111004640 A CN 111004640A CN 201911244089 A CN201911244089 A CN 201911244089A CN 111004640 A CN111004640 A CN 111004640A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for pyrolysis and carbonization treatment of household garbage, and belongs to the technical field of household garbage treatment. The system comprises a crusher, a dryer, a dry distillation machine, a material pushing device, a first combustor, a first combustion fan, a purifier, a water bath type gasifier, a water tank, a spray tower, a spray water pump, an induced draft fan, a chimney, a slag pit, a slag salvaging machine, a second combustor, a second combustion fan and the like. The domestic garbage is put into a dry distillation machine and reacts under the condition of medium temperature and oxygen insulation, so that organic matters are cracked into combustible mixed gas, fixed carbon and ash, the combustible gas is purified and then enters a combustor to be completely combusted, the generated heat is used for heating the domestic garbage by a drying machine and the dry distillation machine, and waste gas generated by the drying machine is cooled by a spray tower, is dedusted and is discharged to reach the standard through a chimney by an induced draft fan. The system is used for pyrolysis and carbonization treatment of the household garbage, dioxin is not generated, and harmlessness, reduction, recycling and industrialization can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of household garbage treatment, particularly relates to a household garbage pyrolysis carbonization treatment system and method, and particularly relates to a treatment system and method for recycling household garbage to generate biochar capable of improving soil by utilizing a pyrolysis carbonization process.
Background
Urban domestic garbage is one of the most serious environmental problems in cities in China at present, and how to effectively treat the urban domestic garbage becomes the focus of attention of governments and the public. The domestic garbage is not only a waste, but also the organic substances in the garbage are main renewable resources. The disposal of waste is not only an important environmental problem, but also a resource re-use problem.
At present, the harmless treatment of domestic garbage in China mainly comprises three types of landfill, incineration and composting. Among the methods for treating garbage, the landfill treatment is simple in operation and wide in adaptability, but wastes land resources, has potential secondary pollution and cannot achieve the effect of reducing volume and quantity of domestic garbage; the composting treatment period is long, the treatment amount is small, and the product is difficult to sell; at present, incineration becomes a main method for treating domestic garbage in cities and towns in China, a grate furnace or a circulating fluidized bed furnace is generally selected for incineration treatment, and the equipment has the characteristics of large investment, high operation cost and the like in the use process. Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the technical field of domestic garbage treatment at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a system and a method for pyrolysis and carbonization treatment of household garbage. The disposal system has small floor area, can prevent the generation of dioxin substances by the disposal by an anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization method, realizes harmlessness, reduction, reclamation and industrialization, and generates biochar for soil improvement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment system for household garbage is characterized by comprising a crusher, a dryer, a dry distillation machine, a material pushing device, a first combustor, a first combustion fan, a purifier, a water bath type gasifier, a water tank, a spray tower, a spray water pump, an induced draft fan, a chimney, a slag pit, a slag dragging machine, a second combustor and a second combustion fan;
the garbage outlet of the crusher is connected with the garbage inlet of the dryer;
the garbage outlet of the dryer is connected with the garbage inlet of the pusher;
the garbage outlet of the pusher is connected with the garbage inlet of the dry distillation machine;
a biochar outlet of the dry distillation machine is connected with a biochar inlet of the slag pit;
the pyrolysis combustible gas outlet of the dry distillation machine is connected with the combustible gas inlet of the purifier;
the combustible gas outlet of the purifier is respectively connected with the combustible gas inlets of the first combustor and the second combustor;
the liquefied petroleum gas outlet of the water bath gasifier is respectively connected with liquefied petroleum gas inlets of the first combustor and the second combustor;
the first burner is connected with the dry distillation machine;
the second combustor is connected with the dryer;
the first combustion fan is connected with the first combustor;
the second combustion fan is connected with the second combustor;
the waste gas outlet of the dry distillation machine is connected with the waste gas inlet of the dryer;
the waste gas outlet of the dryer is connected with the waste gas inlet of the spray tower;
a waste gas outlet of the spray tower is connected with a waste gas inlet of the induced draft fan; a waste gas outlet of the induced draft fan is connected with a waste gas inlet of the chimney;
the water outlet of the spray tower is connected with the water inlet of the water pool, and the water outlet of the water pool is connected with the water inlet of the spray water pump; the water outlet of the spray water pump is connected with a spray head of the spray tower;
the water outlet of the water pool is connected with the water replenishing port of the slag pit.
Further, it is preferable that a slag salvaging machine is arranged in the slag pit, and the charcoal inlet of the slag pit is arranged right above the slag salvaging machine.
Further, preferably, the slag conveyor is a chain plate scraper.
Further, it is preferable that the first combustion fan and the second combustion fan are both centrifugal blowers.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the sink of the present invention requires a source of water to be connected.
A domestic garbage pyrolysis carbonization disposal method adopts the domestic garbage anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization disposal system, and comprises the following steps:
step S1, crushing: sequentially putting the household garbage into a crusher for crushing;
step S2, drying: after crushing, the household garbage with the water content of 40-50% enters a dryer, the household garbage is indirectly heated through a second burner, the temperature in the dryer is controlled to be 80-120 ℃, and the household garbage is dried until the water content is 17-23%;
step S3, dry distillation: the dried household garbage enters a dry distillation machine through a material pusher, is indirectly heated through a first burner, is controlled to be 500-700 ℃ in the dry distillation machine, and is cracked under the anaerobic condition to generate combustible mixed gas, fixed carbon and ash;
step S4, exhaust gas purification: after waste gas generated by the dry distillation machine enters a drying machine through a pipeline for heat exchange, the waste gas and the waste gas generated by the drying machine are sprayed and dedusted by a spray tower through water, and the waste gas reaches the post-control standard of domestic waste incineration pollutants of national standard GB18485-2014 and is discharged through a draught fan and a chimney;
step S5, pyrolysis gas recycling: combustible gas generated by pyrolysis of the dry distillation machine is purified by the purifier and then is sprayed back to the first combustor and the second combustor for combustion;
step S6, utilization of fixed carbon and ash: and after fixed carbon and ash generated by pyrolysis of the dry distillation machine enter a slag pit and are cooled by water, the fixed carbon and the ash are fished out through a slag dragging machine to be used as biological carbon for landscaping and soil improvement.
Further, it is preferable that the domestic garbage is crushed to a size of not more than 50mm × 50 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the system has small occupied area, and is also applicable to domestic garbage in villages and towns;
2. by the system, the domestic garbage is subjected to pyrolysis treatment and is completely recycled, so that certain economic benefit can be generated;
3. in the system, the domestic garbage pyrolysis process is isolated from oxygen, aerobic combustion is avoided, smoke is not generated, and secondary pollution is avoided;
4. the application prospect of the biochar prepared by the system is wide, such as: soil improvement, landscaping, novel environment-friendly building materials and the like;
5. the system is novel in structure, can recycle combustible gas generated in the pyrolysis process, can recycle spray water, accords with the environmental protection concept, and is easy to popularize and apply.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anaerobic pyrolysis and carbonization treatment system for domestic garbage according to the present invention;
wherein, 1, a crusher; 2. a dryer; 3. a dry distillation machine; 4. a pusher; 5. a first burner; 6. a first combustion fan; 7. a purifier; 8. a water bath vaporizer; 9. a pool; 10. a spray tower; 11. a spray pump; 12. an induced draft fan; 13. a chimney; 14. a slag pit; 15. a slag conveyor; 16. a second combustor; 17. a first combustion fan.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The specific techniques, connections, conditions, or the like, which are not specified in the examples, are performed according to the techniques, connections, conditions, or the like described in the literature in the art or according to the product specification. The materials, instruments or equipment are not indicated by manufacturers, and all the materials, instruments or equipment are conventional products which can be obtained by purchasing.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. The terms "inner," "upper," "lower," and the like, refer to an orientation or a state relationship based on that shown in the drawings, which is for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "provided" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. To those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention are understood according to specific situations.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The connection mode of all devices in the system adopts a conventional method, such as connection through pipelines.
Oxygen insulation: the inside of the equipment is totally sealed, the feed inlet and the discharge outlet adopt sealing devices, and air is not supplied in the system.
A dry distillation machine: the equipment for treating the household garbage by utilizing the pyrolysis reaction under the condition of medium temperature and no oxygen.
As shown in fig. 1, an anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment system for domestic garbage comprises a crusher 1, a dryer 2, a dry distillation machine 3, a material pusher 4, a first burner 5, a first combustion fan 6, a purifier 7, a water bath type gasifier 8, a water tank 9, a spray tower 10, a spray water pump 11, an induced draft fan 12, a chimney 13, a slag pit 14, a slag dragging machine 15, a second burner 16 and a second combustion fan 17;
the garbage outlet of the crusher 1 is connected with the garbage inlet of the dryer 2;
the garbage outlet of the dryer 2 is connected with the garbage inlet of the pusher 4;
the garbage outlet of the pusher 4 is connected with the garbage inlet of the dry distillation machine 3;
a biochar outlet of the dry distillation machine 3 is connected with a biochar inlet of the slag pit 14;
the pyrolysis combustible gas outlet of the dry distillation machine 3 is connected with the combustible gas inlet of the purifier 7;
the combustible gas outlet of the purifier 7 is respectively connected with the combustible gas inlets of the first combustor 5 and the second combustor 16;
the liquefied petroleum gas outlet of the water bath type gasifier 8 is respectively connected with the liquefied petroleum gas inlets of the first combustor 5 and the second combustor 16;
the first burner 5 is connected with the dry distillation machine 3;
the second burner 16 is connected to the dryer 2;
the first combustion fan 6 is connected with the first combustor 5;
the second combustion fan 17 is connected to the second combustor 16;
the waste gas outlet of the dry distillation machine 3 is connected with the waste gas inlet of the dryer 2;
the waste gas outlet of the dryer 2 is connected with the waste gas inlet of the spray tower 10;
a waste gas outlet of the spray tower 10 is connected with a waste gas inlet of the induced draft fan 12; a waste gas outlet of the induced draft fan 12 is connected with a waste gas inlet of the chimney 13;
the water outlet of the spray tower 10 is connected with the water inlet of the water pool 9, and the water outlet of the water pool 9 is connected with the water inlet of the spray water pump 11; the water outlet of the spray water pump 11 is connected with the spray head of the spray tower 10;
the water outlet of the water pool 9 is connected with the water replenishing port of the slag pit 14.
Preferably, a slag salvaging machine 15 is arranged in the slag pit 14, and a charcoal inlet of the slag pit 14 is arranged right above the slag salvaging machine 15.
Preferably, the slag conveyor 15 is a chain plate type scraper conveyor; the first combustion fan 6 and the second combustion fan 17 are both centrifugal blowers.
A treatment method for anaerobic pyrolysis and carbonization of household garbage adopts the anaerobic pyrolysis and carbonization treatment system of household garbage, and comprises the following steps:
step S1, crushing: the domestic garbage is sequentially put into a crusher to be crushed, the original domestic garbage is crushed to the size of no more than 50mm multiplied by 50mm (length multiplied by width), and the domestic garbage is flaky when entering the crusher, so the method does not limit the thickness;
step S2, drying: the household garbage with the water content of 40% -50% after being crushed enters a dryer, the household garbage is indirectly heated through a second burner, the temperature in the dryer is controlled to be 80-120 ℃, the purpose is mainly to evaporate and discharge most of water, and the household garbage is dried until the water content is 17-23%;
step S3, dry distillation: the dried domestic garbage enters a dry distillation machine through a material pusher (the material pusher is provided with a sealing structure and is a product sold in the market), the domestic garbage is indirectly heated through a first burner, the temperature in the dry distillation machine is controlled to be 500-700 ℃, and the domestic garbage is cracked to generate combustible mixed gas (CO and CH) under the anaerobic condition (no air supply is generated in the dry distillation machine, and sealing measures are taken at material inlets and material outlets)4、CO2、H2Steam, etc.) and fixed carbon and ash;
step S4, exhaust gas purification: the waste gas generated by the dryer is sprayed and dedusted by a spray tower, reaches the post-control standard of domestic waste incineration pollutants of national standard GB18485-2014, and is discharged by a draught fan and a chimney; waste gas generated by the dry distillation machine enters the drying machine through a pipeline for heat exchange again, and is discharged together with the waste gas generated by the drying machine;
step S5, pyrolysis gas recycling: combustible gas generated by pyrolysis of the dry distillation machine is purified by the purifier and then is sprayed back to the first combustor and the second combustor for combustion; the combustion fan is a common centrifugal blower and mainly provides air for combustion supporting;
step S6, utilization of fixed carbon and ash: the fixed carbon and ash generated by pyrolysis of the dry distillation machine enter a slag pit and are cooled by water, and the fixed carbon and ash are fished out through a slag dragging machine to be used as biochar, so that the biochar can be sold for landscaping and soil improvement. The ash is mixed in the fixed carbon, and the mass percentage of the ash is 15-20%.
Wherein, the spray tower adopts water for spraying when spraying.
The combustible gas generated in the dry distillation machine can be recycled to the combustor, is clean energy and does not generate pollutants.
The technical characteristics related to the invention are as follows
1. The pyrolysis reaction of the household garbage is carried out in an anaerobic environment, so that the generation of dioxin is effectively inhibited;
2. the volume and the quantity of the domestic garbage can be reduced without burning;
3. combustible gas generated by the household garbage can be recycled, so that the external energy consumption of the equipment is reduced; (ii) a
4. The furnace slag generated by the furnace does not contain toxic components, and can be used as biochar to improve soil after being detected to be qualified.
The domestic garbage anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization technology provided by the invention has the advantages that the domestic garbage is subjected to pyrolysis carbonization reaction under an anaerobic condition, the generation of dioxin substances can be avoided, the technology has the characteristics of thorough harmlessness, full recycling, small secondary pollution and the like, the domestic garbage is recycled to generate biochar, the biochar is rich in organic carbon and accounts for about 60-70% (the organic carbon content of fertile black soil is about 35%), and the technology has the characteristics of high pH value, high carbon, high porosity and strong adsorption capacity on soil nutrients. The biochar is applied to soil, so that the biochar is slowly released and has long residual time due to high aromatization, and is a soil conditioner which is very favorable for improving the carbon fixation of soil, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and slowly releasing the fertilizer efficiency.
The ratio of the domestic garbage treatment methods is as follows 1:
the foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. An anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment system for household garbage is characterized by comprising a crusher (1), a dryer (2), a dry distillation machine (3), a material pusher (4), a first combustor (5), a first combustion fan (6), a purifier (7), a water bath type gasifier (8), a water tank (9), a spray tower (10), a spray water pump (11), an induced draft fan (12), a chimney (13), a slag pit (14), a slag dragging machine (15), a second combustor (16) and a second combustion fan (17);
the garbage outlet of the crusher (1) is connected with the garbage inlet of the dryer (2);
the garbage outlet of the dryer (2) is connected with the garbage inlet of the pusher (4);
the garbage outlet of the pusher (4) is connected with the garbage inlet of the dry distillation machine (3);
a biochar outlet of the dry distillation machine (3) is connected with a biochar inlet of the slag pit (14);
a pyrolysis combustible gas outlet of the dry distillation machine (3) is connected with a combustible gas inlet of the purifier (7);
a combustible gas outlet of the purifier (7) is respectively connected with combustible gas inlets of the first combustor (5) and the second combustor (16);
the liquefied petroleum gas outlet of the water bath type gasifier (8) is respectively connected with liquefied petroleum gas inlets of the first combustor (5) and the second combustor (16);
the first burner (5) is connected with the dry distillation machine (3);
the second combustor (16) is connected with the dryer (2);
the first combustion fan (6) is connected with the first combustor (5);
the second combustion fan (17) is connected with the second combustor (16);
a waste gas outlet of the dry distillation machine (3) is connected with a waste gas inlet of the dryer (2);
a waste gas outlet of the dryer (2) is connected with a waste gas inlet of the spray tower (10);
a waste gas outlet of the spray tower (10) is connected with a waste gas inlet of the induced draft fan (12); a waste gas outlet of the induced draft fan (12) is connected with a waste gas inlet of the chimney (13);
the water outlet of the spray tower (10) is connected with the water inlet of the water pool (9), and the water outlet of the water pool (9) is connected with the water inlet of the spray water pump (11); the water outlet of the spray water pump (11) is connected with the spray head of the spray tower (10);
the water outlet of the water pool (9) is connected with the water replenishing port of the slag pit (14).
2. The anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment system for household garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: a slag salvaging machine (15) is arranged in the slag pit (14), and a charcoal inlet of the slag pit (14) is arranged right above the slag salvaging machine (15).
3. The anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment system for household garbage according to claim 2, characterized in that: the slag dragging machine (15) is a chain plate type scraper conveyor.
4. The anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment system for household garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first combustion fan (6) and the second combustion fan (17) are both centrifugal blowers.
5. A domestic garbage pyrolytic charring disposal method, which adopts the domestic garbage anaerobic pyrolytic charring disposal system of any one of claims 1-4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, crushing: sequentially putting the household garbage into a crusher for crushing;
step S2, drying: after crushing, the household garbage with the water content of 40-50% enters a dryer, the household garbage is indirectly heated through a second burner, the temperature in the dryer is controlled to be 80-120 ℃, and the household garbage is dried until the water content is 17-23%;
step S3, dry distillation: the dried household garbage enters a dry distillation machine through a material pusher, is indirectly heated through a first burner, is controlled to be 500-700 ℃ in the dry distillation machine, and is cracked under the anaerobic condition to generate combustible mixed gas, fixed carbon and ash;
step S4, exhaust gas purification: after waste gas generated by the dry distillation machine enters a drying machine through a pipeline for heat exchange, the waste gas and the waste gas generated by the drying machine are sprayed and dedusted by a spray tower through water, and the waste gas reaches the post-control standard of domestic waste incineration pollutants of national standard GB18485-2014 and is discharged through a draught fan and a chimney;
step S5, pyrolysis gas recycling: combustible gas generated by pyrolysis of the dry distillation machine is purified by the purifier and then is sprayed back to the first combustor and the second combustor for combustion;
step S6, utilization of fixed carbon and ash: and after fixed carbon and ash generated by pyrolysis of the dry distillation machine enter a slag pit and are cooled by water, the fixed carbon and the ash are fished out through a slag dragging machine to be used as biological carbon for landscaping and soil improvement.
6. The method for pyrolysis, carbonization and disposal of household garbage according to claim 5, wherein the household garbage is crushed to a size of not more than 50mm x 50 mm.
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