CN110999834A - Natural bait cultivation method for freshwater shrimp seedlings - Google Patents
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- CN110999834A CN110999834A CN201911061468.0A CN201911061468A CN110999834A CN 110999834 A CN110999834 A CN 110999834A CN 201911061468 A CN201911061468 A CN 201911061468A CN 110999834 A CN110999834 A CN 110999834A
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodine aqueous Chemical compound [K+].I[I-]I DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238559 Macrobrachium Species 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A natural bait cultivation method for freshwater shrimp seedlings comprises the following steps: step 1: firstly, breeding freshwater shrimp parents in a freshwater shrimp breeding pond, and then applying a decomposed organic fertilizer in the freshwater shrimp breeding pond after 35-45 days; step 2: after the step 1, topdressing is carried out once every 5-6 days, and the fertilizer is decomposed organic fertilizer. The invention cultivates natural biological bait for the freshwater shrimp larvae to eat through artificial fertilization. By sampling plankton and researching and analyzing the condition and change rule of plankton in the pond after fertilization, theoretical basis is provided for reasonable fertilization during the breeding of the freshwater shrimps, and primary productivity and secondary productivity of the pond are fully utilized, so that the shrimp larvae can achieve stable and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and relates to a natural bait cultivation method for freshwater shrimp seedlings.
Background
Freshwater shrimp, a academic name of macrobrachium nipponense (macrobrachium nipponense), belonging to the arthropoda, crustacea, decapod order, brachycacidae, macrobrachium genus. The freshwater shrimps are unique freshwater shrimps in China and Japan, and are widely distributed in rivers and lakes in China, particularly the wild freshwater shrimps produced in Taihu lake, Weishan lake, white lake, Yanghu and the like have the full name. The freshwater shrimps have tender meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition, are deeply popular with the majority of citizens, and have higher market price, good breeding benefit and huge market prospect in recent years.
The current freshwater shrimp aquaculture industry in China is developed rapidly, has a primary scale, has annual output of more than 120 million t, and forms a plurality of aquaculture modes, such as pond main aquaculture, shrimp and crab mixed aquaculture, fish and shrimp mixed aquaculture, net cage aquaculture, paddy field aquaculture of freshwater shrimps and the like, wherein the shrimp and crab mixed aquaculture and the fish and shrimp mixed aquaculture are the main aquaculture modes of the freshwater shrimps and account for more than 2/3 of the total aquaculture area of the freshwater shrimps. Under the mixed culture mode, the freshwater shrimp seeds are generally obtained by self-breeding and self-breeding parent shrimps put in a culture pond, larvae spawned and hatched by the parent shrimps mainly feed on algae and rotifers in the early stage, and mainly feed on cladocerans, copepods, organic debris and the like in the later stage.
During the cultivation of young freshwater shrimps, the sufficient and palatable natural biological bait is the key for the growth, development and metamorphosis of the young freshwater shrimps. Journal "special animals" in the article of "application of freshwater shrimp opening bait in river crab-freshwater shrimp polyculture pond" published in 2019, 2 nd, discloses: in order to build the natural ecological environment of the shrimps and crabs, 2-3 varieties of aquatic weeds are planted simultaneously, and the coverage area is controlled to be about 30% of the area of the pond. The waterweed is mainly waterweed, about 40-50% of which is matched with curly pondweed, hydrilla verticillata and eel grass 50-60%. The multi-variety collocation planting mode ensures the continuous and sufficient supply of the aquatic weeds in the pond. In the technical scheme, the aquatic weeds are planted only in an auxiliary effect, and the aquatic weeds are not cultured according to the breeding process of the freshwater shrimp seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a natural bait cultivation method for freshwater shrimp seedlings.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a natural bait cultivation method for freshwater shrimp seedlings comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, breeding freshwater shrimp parents in a freshwater shrimp breeding pond, and then applying a decomposed organic fertilizer in the freshwater shrimp breeding pond after 35-45 days;
step 2: after the step 1, topdressing is carried out once every 5-6 days, and the fertilizer is decomposed organic fertilizer.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the water body index requirements during the propagation of the freshwater shrimp seedlings are as follows: the pH value is 8.0-9.5, the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.015-0.35 mg/L, and the nitrite content is 0.04-0.2 mg/L.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: in the step 1, 75-85kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of freshwater shrimp breeding pond.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: in the step 2, fresh water is added into the freshwater shrimp breeding pond while applying the decomposed organic fertilizer.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention cultivates natural biological bait for the freshwater shrimp larvae to eat through artificial fertilization. By sampling plankton and researching and analyzing the condition and change rule of plankton in the pond after fertilization, theoretical basis is provided for reasonable fertilization during the breeding of the freshwater shrimps, and primary productivity and secondary productivity of the pond are fully utilized, so that the shrimp larvae can achieve stable and high yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows phytoplankton density (. times.10) without topdressing6ind./L) and number of seeds.
FIG. 2 shows changes in zooplankton density (ind./L) and number of seeds in the state without topdressing.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Please refer to fig. 1-2. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Comparative example: in a breeding base of Suzhou market Yangcheng lake freshwater shrimp fine breeding farm limited company in 15 days-7 days-8 days 4 months in 2015, 3 standard freshwater shrimp breeding ponds with the area of 3 mu are selected, and 8kg of freshwater shrimp parents are bred in each pond in 15 days 4 months. And 5, 24 days in the month and 7 days in the month and 8 days in the month, carrying out plankton sampling on the test pond, and analyzing the dynamic change of the plankton community structure. The survey items include species composition, number distribution, population composition, community structure, biodiversity characteristics, and the like of phytoplankton and animals.
The phytoplankton and zooplankton are sampled by using 25 # and 13 # small-sized plankton nets respectively, and the samples are drawn around 8-shaped lines in a water layer for qualitative analysis. Collecting 1000ml of water sample by a water sampler for quantitative analysis of phytoplankton; a water sampler for quantitative analysis of zooplankton collects 20 liters of water sample, and the water sample is filtered into 50 milliliters. Samples were fixed in Lugol's iodine and 3% formalin. And (4) bringing the quantitative water sample back to a laboratory, performing species identification, counting according to an individual counting method, counting, and analyzing the abundance and community characteristics of the phytoplankton and the zooplankton. And (3) regularly monitoring water quality indexes such as temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid and the like of a test pond mouth during sampling.
The plankton sampling results show that the phytoplankton density at the mouth of each test pond shows a trend of rising first, then falling and then rising as shown in figure 1. The phytoplankton number started to rise on day 4 (31/5) after fertilization and reached a peak 5/6, after which phytoplankton density started to decrease and then slowly rose back. The average density of phytoplankton in each pond is 15.06 multiplied by 10 in the test period6ind./L、8.57×106ind./L and 11.84 × 106ind./L, during which phytoplankton number increases.
The zooplankton density showed a trend of decreasing, increasing and decreasing again as shown in fig. 2. The zooplankton density in the test pond slowly increases from 5 months 31 days, reaches a peak after 6 months 14 days, and then begins to decrease. During the test, the average density of zooplankton in each pond is 206.93ind./L, 463.69ind./L and 271.68ind./L respectively. In the period, the number of zooplankton in the 3-mouth test pond is not changed regularly, the number is at least 4, the number is at most 11, the average number of the No. 1 pond is at least 6, and the number of the No. 2 and the No. 3 pond are 8.
And sampling 5 months and 27 days to find that the freshwater shrimp larvae appear in the test pond, and the density is 0.05/L. And on 6 months and 5 days, the densities of the freshwater shrimp larvae in the No. 2 test pond and the No. 3 test pond reach 0.35 and 0.20/L respectively, and reach a first wave peak, at the moment, the phytoplankton density in each test pond reaches a peak, the zooplankton density starts to increase gradually, and particularly, the rotifer density in the No. 2 test pond and the No. 3 test pond reaches a first peak. Starting at 6 months and 9 days, the freshwater shrimp larvae density began to increase significantly in each test pond, the phytoplankton density began to decrease, and the zooplankton density began to increase, with some decrease in rotifers and an increase in cladocera and copepods. And in 14 days after 6 months, the zooplankton density of the test pond reaches a peak, the rotifer density of the test ponds No. 2 and No. 3 also reaches a peak, and at the moment, the freshwater shrimp larva densities of the test ponds No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 are respectively 0.55, 1.05 and 0.85/L. On day 20 of 6 months, the freshwater shrimp larvae density in the test pond further increased to 1.30, 3.10 and 2.25/L respectively, and the number of zooplankton began to decrease.
According to the comparative example, phytoplankton and zooplankton in the freshwater shrimp seedling breeding pond are not effectively managed, so that the phytoplankton and zooplankton fluctuate greatly in the freshwater shrimp seedling breeding period, and the freshwater shrimp seedling breeding is influenced.
Example 1: natural bait cultivation method for freshwater shrimp seedlings
In a breeding base of Suzhou market Yangcheng lake freshwater shrimp fine breeding farm limited company in 15 days-7 days-8 days 4 months in 2015, 3 standard freshwater shrimp breeding ponds with the area of 3 mu are selected, and 8kg of freshwater shrimp parents are bred in each pond in 15 days 4 months. And 5, fertilizing and cultivating natural baits at 27 days in 5 months, and applying 80kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu. And topdressing once every 5-6 days, wherein the fertilizer is a decomposed organic fertilizer, and fresh water is added into the freshwater shrimp breeding pond while the decomposed organic fertilizer is applied. The water body index requirements during the propagation of the freshwater shrimp seedlings are as follows: the pH value is 8.0-9.5, the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.015-0.35 mg/L, and the nitrite content is 0.04-0.2 mg/L.
On the 4 th day after the fertilization of 27 days in 5 months, the number of phytoplankton begins to rise, the peak is reached after the 9 th day, the average water temperature is 24.3 ℃, then the temperature slightly drops, and the level is reached with the 9 th day after the 11 th day, so that the decomposed organic fertilizer which is fertilized every 5 to 6 days begins to act. After fertilization, the zooplankton quantity gradually increases to reach a peak in 18 days, and then slightly decreases, and the decomposed organic fertilizer which is fertilized every 5-6 days starts to play a role. The reason for this change in planktonic biomass is: after the fermented manure is applied, part of decomposed nutritive salts are utilized by phytoplankton to breed rapidly, at the moment, a large amount of zooplankton does not appear, and the feeding pressure of the zooplankton to the phytoplankton is small, so that the phytoplankton is increased rapidly. With the increasing of zooplankton, the feeding pressure to phytoplankton is increased, so that the phytoplankton is reduced after reaching the peak at day 9, but the influence of topdressing is quickly compensated. Zooplankton peaked on day 18. Accordingly, it is more suitable to fertilize once every 5-6 days in the freshwater shrimp breeding pond, and can keep the higher abundance of plankton, because after 9 days, the number of phytoplankton begins to decline, and the zooplankton at this moment is still increasing, which will certainly affect the increase of the zooplankton, such as fertilizing 1 time again on 5 days, 9 days (4 days of 2 fertilization), the decay period of the first fertilization phytoplankton is coincident with the growth period of the 2 fertilization phytoplankton, and can better maintain the higher abundance of the phytoplankton in the freshwater shrimp pond, provide enough food for the zooplankton, and the zooplankton can be in the peak state correspondingly. Meanwhile, after fertilization, new water can be properly added according to the water quality condition of the fertilizer, so that excessive propagation of plankton is avoided, and the propagation is stopped due to the occurrence of oxygen deficiency and the occurrence of resting eggs.
The young freshwater shrimps generally undergo 9 molts during the development process and are transformed into young shrimps. During this process, the feeding habits of the larvae also change accordingly. Except that the newly hatched larva at stage 1 takes the yolk of the embryo as nutrition, the larva at each stage needs to take exogenous food. With the development and progressive perfection of the larval digestive system, the larval stage 2 begins to feed unicellular algae in water, and then the feed of the larval stage gradually changes to rotifers, cladocerans and copepods. In the test, on the 4 th day after the fertilization, the number of phytoplankton began to rise, and at this stage, the dominant species of phytoplankton in the water body were mainly green algae suitable for the larvae of freshwater shrimps and the feeding of zooplankton. On the 9 th day after fertilization, the number of zooplankton taking rotifer as dominant species begins to rise, a large number of rotifers provide sufficient and palatable natural bait for the freshwater shrimp larvae at the stage, further metamorphosis development of the freshwater shrimp larvae is promoted, and the survival rate of the juvenile shrimps (about 8-9 days from eyepoint to Z2) can be effectively improved by the technical measure of 'fertilization with eyepoint seeing'. On the 13 th day after fertilization, along with the increasing of the feeding pressure of the freshwater shrimp larvae and the cladocera copepods, the number of rotifers begins to decrease, the cladocera and the copepods become dominant species of zooplankton, and at the moment, the freshwater shrimp larvae become 5-stage or 6-stage larvae through several molting and begin to feed the cladocera and the copepods. Therefore, the key point for culturing the freshwater shrimp larvae to live is to apply fertilizer at proper time, culture palatable natural food organisms of the freshwater shrimp larvae and promote the smooth operation of a food chain of manure, nitrogen and phosphorus, phytoplankton, zooplankton and the freshwater shrimp larvae.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof in any way, and any modifications or variations thereof that fall within the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A natural bait cultivation method for freshwater shrimp seedlings is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, breeding freshwater shrimp parents in a freshwater shrimp breeding pond, and then applying a decomposed organic fertilizer in the freshwater shrimp breeding pond after 35-45 days;
step 2: after the step 1, topdressing is carried out once every 5-6 days, and the fertilizer is decomposed organic fertilizer.
2. The freshwater shrimp fry natural bait culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water body index requirements during the propagation of the freshwater shrimp seedlings are as follows: the pH value is 8.0-9.5, the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.015-0.35 mg/L, and the nitrite content is 0.04-0.2 mg/L.
3. The freshwater shrimp fry natural bait culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, 75-85kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of freshwater shrimp breeding pond.
4. The freshwater shrimp fry natural bait culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, fresh water is added into the freshwater shrimp breeding pond while applying the decomposed organic fertilizer.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103444600A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-12-18 | 江苏省水产技术推广站 | Two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry |
| CN106417122A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-02-22 | 苏州大学 | Cultivating method for increasing high-quality freshwater shrimp seed output |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103444600A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-12-18 | 江苏省水产技术推广站 | Two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry |
| CN106417122A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-02-22 | 苏州大学 | Cultivating method for increasing high-quality freshwater shrimp seed output |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 吴乃薇: "《怎么办好一个淡水虾养殖场》", 30 November 2000, 中国农业出版社 * |
| 李继勋: "《简明淡水养虾手册》", 28 February 2002, 中国农业大学出版社 * |
| 肖光明: "《淡水蟹虾养殖》", 31 May 2005, 湖南科学技术出版社 * |
| 龚培培等: "《青虾高效生态养殖新技术》", 28 February 2014, 海洋出版社 * |
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