CN110973460A - 降糖型鲜榨米及其加工方法 - Google Patents
降糖型鲜榨米及其加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种降糖型鲜榨米及其加工方法,包括黑米、小米、燕麦、薏米、乳清蛋白粉、丙氨酸、乳化剂、魔芋精粉。本发明的米添加营养物质,有效控制胰岛素、胰高血糖素。增添乳清蛋白粉及丙氨酸等营养强化物质。乳清蛋白含有丰富的亮氨酸,经消化道内消化液的分解,能激发肠道L细胞分泌胰高血糖素样肽‑1(GLP‑1),弥补GLP‑1受损,并且抑制胰高血糖素升高,同时丙氨酸具有直接促进胰岛素分泌的功能,混合碳水化合物食用降低胰岛素抵抗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能米领域,尤其是一种降糖型鲜榨米及其加工方法。
背景技术
膳食纤维摄入不足会增加肥胖、高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、心脑血管等疾病的患病风险,因此补充富含高膳食纤维的食物成为预防这些疾病的良好途径。然而大多数膳食纤维结构致密、口感粗糙,导致消费者很难坚持补充,无法达到良好的效果。因此寻求获得高活性膳食纤维同时,兼顾对产品口感、质构等商品特性的改善显得尤为重要。我国多集中在稻米初加工,再加工阶段仍然处在不成熟的阶段,存在许多问题。
现有的降糖型鲜榨米的不足之处体现在:添加降糖中草药成分,药味浓郁,遮蔽米香味;传统鲜榨米干燥过程中干燥温度高,米粒表面迅速硬化,内部水分难以蒸发;成型米在抛光过程中,易发生碎米现象,造成整米率下降,米品不佳;粗纤维含量高,口感粗糙;水不溶性膳食纤维摄入过多,胃肠道负担过重,引发胃酸;大量进食水不溶性膳食纤维,虽延缓糖分吸收,但也阻止了微量元素的吸收
与本申请相关的专利文献公开内容如下:
1、一种保健复合米及其制备方法(CN 103494089 A),该发明采用制粒工艺加工成具有大米形状的保健复合米,具有大米的可蒸煮性。缺点:制粒过程中,米质较散,为更加接近大米形状,采用的抛光技术,造成碎米,导致成型米率低,影响经济效益。
2、一种营养复合米的加工方法(CN 102578479 A),该发明首先将原料粉碎,按比例混合,进入制米机中制米,再经冷却,微波杀菌,在冷却,最后包装。其优点:微波干燥杀菌,穿透力强,干燥时间短,杀菌效果明显。其缺点:温度高,米中天然物质会损失;微波杀菌后,难以避免包装以及运输过程中不造成污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供一种降糖型鲜榨米及其加工方法,本发明的米添加营养物质,有效控制胰岛素、胰高血糖素。增添乳清蛋白粉及丙氨酸等营养强化物质。乳清蛋白含有丰富的亮氨酸,经消化道内消化液的分解,能激发肠道L细胞分泌胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1),弥补GLP-1受损,并且抑制胰高血糖素升高,同时丙氨酸具有直接促进胰岛素分泌的功能,混合碳水化合物食用降低胰岛素抵抗。
本发明实现目的的技术方案如下:
一种降糖型鲜榨米的加工方法,包括黑米、小米、燕麦、薏米、乳清蛋白粉、丙氨酸、乳化剂、魔芋精粉;
加工方法的具体操作如下:
一、鲜榨米粉的制备
黑米、小米、燕麦、薏米,去杂粉碎,制备成鲜榨米粉,水分含量14-16%;备用;
二、制备鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝复合物
⑴将鲜榨米粉加水混合均匀,在压力3.5MPa,温度55℃-65℃的密闭环境中保压90S,然后瞬间减压至常压;
⑵将步骤⑴的鲜榨米粉加蒸馏水于热水浴条件下磁力搅拌30min,冷却至室温,先后加入耐高温的а-淀粉酶、纤维素酶,在pH值为中性条件下酶解40min 后,减压干燥,得到改性鲜榨米粉;
⑶改性得到鲜榨米粉与蒸馏水混合成溶液,加入与改性鲜榨米粉等质量的大豆多糖,混合均匀;
⑷高压170MPa,温度60℃条件下均质重复处理2-5次,冷冻干燥,即得鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝复合物;
三、降糖鲜榨米的制备
⑴调配:取鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝复合物,丙氨酸,魔芋精粉,乳化剂,纯净水,搅拌均匀,混匀后控制含水率15-20%;
⑵挤压、制粒:将搅拌好的物料送入双螺旋挤压熟化机制粒;
⑶制粒机连接风送机,将成型复合米快速吹散开防止其黏连;
⑷制得的鲜榨米经过微波干燥,水分在30-40℃便可蒸发,微波功率500W,干燥过程中控制压力为低压93.3~98.6KPa,干燥至水分含量低于15%;
⑸对流式冷风降温到15℃-20℃,利用复合液态雾化蜡雾化抛光对成型鲜榨米进行抛光得降糖型鲜榨米。
而且,所述原料组成为:黑米70-90份,小米10-30份,燕麦1-3份,薏米 1-3份,乳清蛋白粉10-15份,丙氨酸1-5份,乳化剂(蔗糖脂肪酸酯)2-4份,魔芋精粉3-5份;
而且,物料经鲜榨米挤压熟化机四段控温挤压熟化后经成型剪切制成米粒状复合米,复合米挤压熟化机四段控温挤压熟化,第1区温度55~60℃,第2区温度70~85℃,第3区温度120~135℃,第4区温度50~65℃,喂料转速25~ 30r/s,主机转速20~26r/s,切刀转速15~30r/s。
而且,降糖鲜榨米采用的抛光设备为鲜榨米抛光机,包括一机架,所述机架内卧式安装有一抛光筒,该抛光筒位于上方的侧壁制有进料口,抛光筒内用于容置待抛光的鲜榨米,所述抛光筒下方的侧壁内制有出料口,其特征在于:位于出料口和进料口之间的抛光筒内沿轴向方向转动穿装有一转动轴,所述转动轴外侧均匀间隔安装有多个搅拌棒,每个搅拌棒沿径向方向向外延伸,所述抛光筒内置有多个抛光珠,在使用状态下,搅拌棒带动鲜榨米颗粒和抛光珠在抛光筒内同时滚动,所述抛光筒的出料口位置安装有隔离网,隔离网的孔径大于鲜榨米颗粒的外径,小于抛光珠的外径,所述筛网下方的抛光筒外部安装导料通道,导料通道的出口安装有震动筛分机。
而且,以抛光筒的中部为中心向轴向两侧延伸分别制出一出料口,位于每个出料口旁侧的抛光筒内均制有坡面,出料口位于坡面的低位位置。
而且,所述震动筛分机的筛网下方设置有杂质出口,筛网上方的出料位置延伸安装有导料板。
而且,所述抛光珠包括由内至外内核,涂层,次外层和外壳,所述内核采用蜂蜡制出,其外侧涂布阻湿性膜稀溶液和雾化抛光液形成涂层,之后采用棕榈蜡包覆形成次外层,最后通过不锈钢形成外壳,所述外壳优选采用20nm的304不锈钢制出,其表面制有直径为0.1-0.5mm的缓释孔,隔层厚度不做限制性规定。抛光珠整体直径为5-10mm。
而且,雾化抛光液的组成为:由3-4份赖氨酸、1-2份海藻酸钠、1-1.5份乳酸链球菌素、1-1.5份大米增香剂用清水做溶剂将以上液体溶解后,每100g大米使用20mL的雾化抛光液在小球的第一层膜中填充。
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
1、本发明的米加入的是水不溶性膳食纤维改性,经过改性后的膳食纤维,可溶性膳食纤维含量增加到30.50%,喂料到双螺杆挤压熟化机,在高温高压下,物料与机筒之间摩擦力和剪切力,增大纤维素分子裂解程度,使得不溶性纤维素高聚物糖苷键断裂,立体微孔网状结构的亲水基团暴露,加快纤维素、木质素裂解成可溶性小分子。
2、本发明的米经过微波、挤压联合改性,强化营养,鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝混合物:改性后的富含膳食纤维的鲜杂粮粉与蒸馏水1:25混合成溶液,与大豆多糖(质量比)按1:1混合均匀,在高压170MPa下,微射流反复交替处理3 次,冷冻干燥备用。
3、本发明的米采用微波功率400w,时间3-4min联合四段控温挤压改性。微波场内鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝混合物中蛋白质分子频繁碰撞,分子内部氢键断裂,蛋白质二级结构改变,分子空间变得疏松,双螺旋四段控温挤压熟化,优点及效果:经过碰撞、高压、剪切等一系列作用力,大豆多糖分子间氢键断裂,侧链断裂,分子量降低,更多的羧基、羟基活性基团暴露,鲜榨米内部直链淀粉与基团相互作用,直链淀粉从淀粉内部溢出,淀粉内部大量水分进入,溶解度显著增强,基团与淀粉分子相互结合,减弱了淀粉分子之间形成氢键能力,利于淀粉糊化。
4、本发明采用微波联合低压干燥处理技术,热风联合微波技术干燥,米粒表面迅速干燥,表面与内部产生温度差,米粒表面硬化,内部水分难以蒸发,米粒干燥不均匀。在真空条件下,大气压降低,水分在30-40℃便可蒸发,微波功率500W,联合干燥,避免干燥过程导致的米粒表面硬化,干燥不完全,达到干燥周期短、均匀、效率高的效果。低温干燥后的原料,没有缩小,质地没有变硬,易挥发物质损失较少。
5、本发明采用雾化抛光技术,雾化液为2%蜂胶乙醇提取液+2%蜂蜡溶液+2%虫胶,整个雾化抛光过程中为密闭变温环境,在进料抛光阶段,计算鲜榨米水分含量达到15%时可承受的风力,通40℃-50℃热风,风向垂直向上,筛选出符合水分含量要求的鲜榨米同时达到抛光所需的温度,提高效率,在出料口阶段,通10℃-15℃冷风,风向垂直向上,再次筛选出符合水分含量要求的成型米同时达到低温迅速成膜,米粒表面光滑发亮不粘连。两次温度波动结合水分含量筛选,有效达到米粒水分不散失,防失水,防虫,保鲜。
附图说明
图1抛光机的结构。
图2为米的照片。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述,以下实施例只是描述性的,不是限定性的,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
一种降糖型鲜榨米及其加工方法,米的成分配方如下:
黑米70-90份,小米10-30份,燕麦1-3份,薏米1-3份,乳清蛋白粉10-15份,丙氨酸1-5份,乳化剂(蔗糖脂肪酸酯)2-4份,魔芋精粉3-5份;
加工工艺的主要流程概况如下:
黑米、小米、燕麦、薏米;磁选、去杂;磨粉
乳清蛋白粉、丙氨酸;乳化剂、魔芋精粉组成保健营养粉
各成分混合均匀;调整水分;制粒;挤压、干燥冷却;抛光;包装;
上述工艺的具体操作如下:
1、鲜榨米粉的制备
黑米、小米、燕麦、薏米,磁选去杂,用粉碎机机械粉碎磨粉过筛,细度在 60-120目,制备成鲜榨米粉,水分含量14-16%;备用;
2、鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝复合物制备方法如下:
⑴将鲜榨米粉与适量水混合均匀(加入1:5-10的水),在压力3.5MPa,温度55℃-65℃的密闭环境中保压90S,然后瞬间减压至常压,瞬间降压能破坏了杂粮中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的结构,使其蓬松,增大表面积,有效缩短酶解时间,备用。
⑵将⑴的50-70份鲜榨米粉加100份蒸馏水于热水浴条件下磁力搅拌30min,冷却至室温,先后加入耐高温的1-2份а-淀粉酶、1-2份纤维素酶,在pH值为中性条件下酶解40min后,减压干燥,得到改性鲜榨米粉,备用。
⑶改性得到鲜榨米粉与蒸馏水1:10-20混合成溶液,加入与改性鲜榨米粉质量1:1的大豆多糖,混合均匀;
⑷高压170MPa,温度60℃条件下均质重复处理3次,冷冻干燥,即得鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝复合物。
3、降糖鲜榨米的制备
(1)调配:取鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝复合物,丙氨酸,魔芋精粉,乳化剂,纯净水,搅拌均匀,混匀后控制含水率20%左右;
(2)挤压、制粒:将搅拌好的物料送入双螺旋挤压熟化机制粒,物料经鲜榨米挤压熟化机四段控温挤压熟化后经成型剪切制成米粒状复合米,复合米挤压熟化机四段控温挤压熟化,第1区温度55~60℃,第2区温度70~85℃,第3 区温度120~135℃,第4区温度50~65℃,喂料转速25~30r/s,主机转速 20~26r/s,切刀转速15~30r/s。
(3)制粒机连接风送机,将成型复合米快速吹散开防止其黏连。
(4)制得的鲜榨米经过微波干燥,水分在30-40℃便可蒸发,微波功率500W,干燥过程中保持低压93.3~98.6KPa,干燥后水分含量达到低于15%。
(5)对流式冷风降温到15℃-20℃,利用复合液态雾化蜡雾化抛光对成型鲜榨米进行抛光。复合液态雾化蜡雾化抛光保证米粒的含水量达到糊化及胶质化的要求,解决了鲜榨米粒进入抛光室的碎米难题;低温成膜后米粒表面更光更亮,并且米粒水分不散失,有效防失水,防虫,保鲜。
(6)分级筛选,包装。
本发明中使用的鲜榨米抛光机的结构如下,包括一机架,所述机架内卧式安装有一抛光筒,该抛光筒位于上方的侧壁制有进料口2,抛光筒内用于容置待抛光的鲜榨米,所述抛光筒下方的侧壁内制有出料口12,本发明的创新在于,位于出料口和进料口之间的抛光筒内沿轴向方向转动穿装有一转动轴4,该转动轴由旁侧的电机5驱动,所述转动轴外侧均匀间隔安装有多个搅拌棒1,每个搅拌棒沿径向方向向外延伸,所述抛光筒内置有多个抛光珠3,在使用状态下,搅拌棒带动鲜榨米颗粒和抛光珠在抛光筒内同时滚动,所述抛光筒的出料口位置安装有隔离网11,隔离网的孔径大于鲜榨米颗粒的外径,小于抛光珠的外径,所述筛网下方的抛光筒外部安装导料通道6,导料通道的出口安装有震动筛分机7。
本实施例中,所述抛光珠包括由内至外内核,涂层,次外层和外壳,所述内核采用蜂蜡制出,其外侧涂布阻湿性膜稀溶液和雾化抛光液形成涂层,之后采用棕榈蜡包覆形成次外层,最后通过不锈钢形成外壳,所述外壳优选采用20nm的 304不锈钢制出,其表面之后直径为10nm的缓释孔。
本实施例中,雾化抛光液的组成:由3-4份赖氨酸、1-2份海藻酸钠、1-1.5 份乳酸链球菌素、1-1.5份大米增香剂用清水做溶剂将以上液体溶解后,每100g 大米使用20mL的雾化抛光液在小球的第一层膜中填充。
所述抛光珠包括由内至外内核,涂层,次外层和外壳,所述内核采用蜂蜡制出,其外侧涂布阻湿性膜稀溶液和雾化抛光液形成涂层,之后采用棕榈蜡包覆形成次外层,最后通过不锈钢形成外壳,所述外壳优选采用20nm的304不锈钢制出,其表面制有直径为0.1-0.5mm的缓释孔,隔层厚度不做限制性规定。抛光珠整体直径为5-10mm不等。
本实施例中,阻湿性膜稀溶液由卡拉胶和不饱和脂肪酸(油酸)组成。质量比1:1-2,混匀。
作用效果:在抛光的过程中,抛光粒与米粒之间的撞击使抛光粒中的液体通过表面的小孔与鲜榨米结合,在鲜榨米表面形成一层膜,补充传统谷物所缺失的赖氨酸的同时能够保证鲜榨米水分含量不会因与抛光粒之间的摩擦力受热挥发。抛光的时间根据米粒的直径不同的变化而变化,抛光粒作用完即湿度<10%后克回收使用。
表1抛光率与鲜榨米的关系
设备的运行与效果
抛光室由抛光粒,旋转叶片,旋转装置,旋转轴构成,抛光室的壁是由筛网构成,方便抛光粒与米粒分离。米粒进入在滚筒旋转装置带动的抛光室中与抛光粒充分接触,完成抛光后的鲜榨米粒进入下一加工阶段。碎米在该出口透过碎米筛,实现碎米和成品的分离。完成抛光的抛光粒回收再利用。在该出口在震动装置的带动下不仅提高了抛光米粒与碎米的分离效率,也提高了抛光米粒的出口效率。
本发明提供的米的营业数据如下:
1、降糖效果
为对比效果,随机选择100名高血糖病志愿者为实验对象,随机分为2组(A、 B),A组食用上述降糖型营养强化鲜榨米,B组食用普通米,每日食用三次,每次食用50g,其他进食条件和生活环境均相同,连续食用2个月,然后抽取血液进行血糖测试,结果如表2。
表2降糖效果分析
注:上表1中所述的血糖的含量是各组对应个体的平均值;所述高血糖有效率是大米对于个体有明显降血糖效果的有效率。
由表1中得出,A组的降糖效果显著高于普通大米。
2、营养成分分析
为对比效果,选择上述降糖型营养强化鲜榨米(A)、普通降糖米(B)、普通大米(C),进行营养成分分析,结果如表3。
表3营养成分分析
由表2中可以发现,A组水分与B组、C组基本相差不大,但蛋白质、脂肪、总糖、膳食纤维等明显高于其他两组。
3、蒸煮性能
为对比效果,选择上述降糖型营养强化鲜榨米(A)、普通降糖米(B)、普通大米(C),进行蒸煮品质分析,结果如表4。
表4蒸煮品质分析
Claims (8)
1.一种降糖型鲜榨米的加工方法,其特征在于:包括黑米、小米、燕麦、薏米、乳清蛋白粉、丙氨酸、乳化剂、魔芋精粉;
加工方法的具体操作如下:
一、鲜榨米粉的制备
黑米、小米、燕麦、薏米,去杂粉碎,制备成鲜榨米粉,水分含量14-16%;备用;
二、制备鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝复合物
⑴将鲜榨米粉加水混合均匀,在压力3.5MPa,温度55℃-65℃的密闭环境中保压90S,然后瞬间减压至常压;
⑵将步骤⑴的鲜榨米粉加蒸馏水于热水浴条件下磁力搅拌30min,冷却至室温,先后加入耐高温的а-淀粉酶、纤维素酶,在pH值为中性条件下酶解40min后,减压干燥,得到改性鲜榨米粉;
⑶改性得到鲜榨米粉与蒸馏水混合成溶液,加入与改性鲜榨米粉等质量的大豆多糖,混合均匀;
⑷高压170MPa,温度60℃条件下均质重复处理2-5次,冷冻干燥,即得鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝复合物;
三、降糖鲜榨米的制备
⑴调配:取鲜榨米粉-大豆多糖接枝复合物,丙氨酸,魔芋精粉,乳化剂,纯净水,搅拌均匀,混匀后控制含水率15-20%;
⑵挤压、制粒:将搅拌好的物料送入双螺旋挤压熟化机制粒;
⑶制粒机连接风送机,将成型复合米快速吹散开防止其黏连;
⑷制得的鲜榨米经过微波干燥,水分在30-40℃便可蒸发,微波功率500W,干燥过程中控制压力为低压93.3~98.6KPa,干燥至水分含量低于15%;
⑸对流式冷风降温到15℃-20℃,利用复合液态雾化蜡雾化抛光对成型鲜榨米进行抛光得降糖型鲜榨米。
2.根据权利要求1所述得降糖型鲜榨米的加工方法,其特征在于:所述原料组成为:黑米70-90份,小米10-30份,燕麦1-3份,薏米1-3份,乳清蛋白粉10-15份,丙氨酸1-5份,乳化剂(蔗糖脂肪酸酯)2-4份,魔芋精粉3-5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述得降糖型鲜榨米的加工方法,其特征在于:物料经鲜榨米挤压熟化机四段控温挤压熟化后经成型剪切制成米粒状复合米,复合米挤压熟化机四段控温挤压熟化,第1区温度55~60℃,第2区温度70~85℃,第3区温度120~135℃,第4区温度50~65℃,喂料转速25~30r/s,主机转速20~26r/s,切刀转速15~30r/s。
4.根据权利要求1所述得降糖型鲜榨米的加工方法,其特征在于:降糖鲜榨米采用的抛光设备为鲜榨米抛光机,包括一机架,所述机架内卧式安装有一抛光筒,该抛光筒位于上方的侧壁制有进料口,抛光筒内用于容置待抛光的鲜榨米,所述抛光筒下方的侧壁内制有出料口,其特征在于:位于出料口和进料口之间的抛光筒内沿轴向方向转动穿装有一转动轴,所述转动轴外侧均匀间隔安装有多个搅拌棒,每个搅拌棒沿径向方向向外延伸,所述抛光筒内置有多个抛光珠,在使用状态下,搅拌棒带动鲜榨米颗粒和抛光珠在抛光筒内同时滚动,所述抛光筒的出料口位置安装有隔离网,隔离网的孔径大于鲜榨米颗粒的外径,小于抛光珠的外径,所述筛网下方的抛光筒外部安装导料通道,导料通道的出口安装有震动筛分机。
5.根据权利要求4所述得降糖型鲜榨米的加工方法,其特征在于:以抛光筒的中部为中心向轴向两侧延伸分别制出一出料口,位于每个出料口旁侧的抛光筒内均制有坡面,出料口位于坡面的低位位置。
6.根据权利要求4所述得降糖型鲜榨米的加工方法,其特征在于:所述震动筛分机的筛网下方设置有杂质出口,筛网上方的出料位置延伸安装有导料板。
7.根据权利要求4所述得降糖型鲜榨米的加工方法,其特征在于:所述抛光珠包括由内至外内核,涂层,次外层和外壳,所述内核采用蜂蜡制出,其外侧涂布阻湿性膜稀溶液和雾化抛光液形成涂层,之后采用棕榈蜡包覆形成次外层,最后通过不锈钢形成外壳,所述外壳优选采用20nm的304不锈钢制出,其表面制有直径为0.1-0.5mm的缓释孔,隔层厚度不做限制性规定。抛光珠整体直径为5-10mm。
8.根据权利要求7所述得降糖型鲜榨米的加工方法,其特征在于:雾化抛光液的组成为:由3-4份赖氨酸、1-2份海藻酸钠、1-1.5份乳酸链球菌素、1-1.5份大米增香剂用清水做溶剂将以上液体溶解后,每100g大米使用20mL的雾化抛光液在小球的第一层膜中填充。
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