CN110916820A - Optimization method of invisible orthodontic appliance - Google Patents
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- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimization method of an invisible tooth appliance, which has a reasonable optimization scheme, utilizes finite element software to simulate a tooth moving process to indirectly model, establishes a continuous invisible appliance model conforming to the actual appearance, accurately assembles the model with a dental jaw model, can research the integral action of an invisible appliance technology on dentition, and ensures the simulation authenticity of the invisible appliance model according to the set constraint conditions and the application of a nonlinear finite element analysis method. The stress conditions of the periodontal tissues and the invisible orthodontic appliance are analyzed and optimized, the force application area is controlled, the stress distribution of the anchorage teeth is reduced, the force dispersion reaction force reacting on the orthodontic appliance through balance reaction is used for reducing the mechanical anchorage consumption, the most appropriate orthodontic force is applied to effectively promote reconstruction of the periodontal tissues, the teeth are enabled to generate ideal movement, and the best orthodontic effect is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optimization method, in particular to an optimization method of an invisible tooth appliance, and belongs to the technical field of orthodontic methods.
Background
The main means for correcting malocclusion is to apply proper correction force to malocclusion teeth to move the malocclusion teeth to the correct position and reestablish a coordinated, healthy and stable jaw relationship, so that the forced movement of the teeth is the basic step of orthodontic treatment. Compared with the traditional fixed orthodontic technology, the bracket-free invisible orthodontic technology does not rely on the deformation of an arch wire, a spring or a rubber ring to generate orthodontic force, but continuously applies the orthodontic force generated by the elastic deformation of the orthodontic device material to the teeth to be moved, thereby achieving the aim of orthodontic.
When the correcting force is applied to the teeth needing to be moved, a reaction force with equal magnitude and opposite direction is generated at the same time, the anchorage is a structure for resisting the reaction force generated by the correcting force, and the teeth are commonly used as the anchorage in orthodontic clinic. To obtain good anchorage control, three aspects are typically considered in designing invisible appliances:
1. the correcting force generated by elastic deformation may not only act on the correcting teeth, but also act on the anchorage teeth if not controlled reasonably, thereby causing the anchorage to be partially lost and failing to achieve the correcting effect;
2. the size, direction and action position of the correction force directly influence the control of anchorage, thereby influencing the correction effect;
3. forces acting against the appliance must be balanced and improper balancing of the force application zones can also result in erroneous correction.
Therefore, the research on the action force system of the bracket-free invisible appliance and the stress distribution of the periodontal tissues under the action of the bracket-free invisible appliance has important significance on the aspects of the optimized design and anchorage control of the invisible appliance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides an optimization method of an invisible dental appliance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a three-dimensional digital model of the jaw based on reverse engineering, and establishing a bracket-free invisible appliance model;
2) determining a tooth moving mode, setting a method for applying load to teeth in the moving mode in the deformed tooth correction process, and selecting proper orthodontic force;
3) assembling a dental jaw model and an appliance model, and carrying out finite element analysis on the invisible appliance;
4) analyzing and optimizing the stress conditions of the periodontal tissues and the invisible orthodontic device;
5) the theoretical design and anchorage control of the invisible orthodontic appliance.
The step 1) is specifically as follows:
1.1) carrying out tomography scanning on the tooth model by using a laser scanning technology, respectively extracting relevant data of each anterior tooth of the upper jaw by thresholding operation according to the difference of gray values of bone tissues and tooth tissues, importing the obtained model into finite element software, reassembling and adjusting the relative positions of the teeth, setting the rest teeth as anchorage teeth, and keeping the positions of the anchorage teeth still to obtain a dentition-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone model M for simulating the orthodontic process;
1.2) expanding the outer surface of the dental crown part of the dental jaw model along a normal line, simulating the thickness of the orthodontic appliance, independently processing each tooth, subtracting the overlapped and crossed part of the tooth and the adjacent tooth, and processing the model details according to the appliance entity to obtain the invisible orthodontic appliance model MI by using Boolean operation.
The step 2) is specifically as follows:
2.1) determining a tooth moving mode, wherein the inclined movement of a single tooth after stress is that the single side of a crown in an oral cavity is stressed, a tooth impedance central point is used as a stress center, and the moving directions of the crown and the tooth are opposite through an external force;
2.2) applying the load of the invisible appliance on the oblique movement of the tooth to the incisal edge of the crown on the digital tooth model, correcting the constraint of the oblique movement of the tooth by the center of the impedance, taking the incisal edge of the tooth as a vertex, applying the displacement load on the incisal edge of the crown, and adding a root tongue-crown lip torque on the anterior tooth to enhance the anchorage of the anterior tooth;
2.3) in order to avoid the serious damage or change of the deformed teeth and the alveolar bone, 0.490N to 0.735N orthodontic force is applied to a single tooth to promote the bone absorption of the stressed side. The force for moving the anterior teeth is smaller than the force for moving the posterior teeth, so that the proper correction force can be ensured to move the anterior teeth most effectively and keep the branch resistance of the posterior teeth.
In the step 3), assembling the model M and the model MI, firstly, defining material attributes, wherein 4 material attributes of the tooth body, the periodontal ligament, the alveolar bone and the invisible appliance are all homogeneous and isotropic linear elastomers; secondly, carrying out mesh division by four steps of defining unit attributes, defining mesh generation control and generating meshes, wherein each part of the model adopts a tetrahedral unit; next, the boundary conditions are determined as: the inner surface of the invisible appliance and the surface of each dental crown are in a flexible-flexible contact relation; finally, stress analysis is carried out on the periodontal tissues and the orthodontic appliance by utilizing a nonlinear contact analysis method of finite element software ABAQUS.
The step 4) is specifically as follows:
4.1) the finite element analysis result comprises the stress distribution of all teeth, namely periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, and the stress condition of the orthodontic appliance in a bracket-free invisible orthodontic loading mode, wherein the orthodontic appliance is subjected to non-uniform stress in the invisible orthodontic appliance loading mode, the orthodontic appliance at the tooth position to be orthodontic is greatly deformed to generate stress concentration, the teeth are influenced by orthodontic force, and the stress level of anchorage teeth is close to that of the orthodontic teeth;
4.2) the total area of periodontal ligament of the tooth to be corrected is equivalent to that of the anchorage tooth, the stress distribution shows that the anchorage is easy to lose, the posterior tooth should be brought into the anchorage in the invisible appliance, and the full dentition appliance brought into the 2 nd molar can work more effectively. In order to reduce the influence of the invisible orthodontic appliance on the anchorage tooth, the invisible orthodontic appliance can be optimized to obtain continuous information of deformation condition of the invisible orthodontic appliance after being loaded;
4.3) control and correct the power and apply the region, reduce anchorage tooth stress distribution, through the power dispersion reaction force of balanced reaction correcting the ware, reduce mechanical anchorage and consume, apply the most suitable power of correcting and effectively promote periodontal tissue to rebuild, make the tooth produce the ideal and remove, reach the best effect of correcting.
The step 5) is specifically as follows:
5.1) in the invisible correcting process, the invisible correcting device applies continuous correcting force on the stress center of the contact surface of the inner surface of the correcting device and the dental crown
While the teeth are subject to the impedance forces of the periodontal tissue at the center of the impedance
According to Newton's second law, the resultant force applied during the orthodontic treatment
To correct the stress on teeth
To generate mechanical movement and control the resultant force
The tooth movement force is within the threshold range, so that the optimal comfort degree of the orthodontic process of a patient is kept;
and 5.2) the dental arches of the invisible appliance are arranged orderly (the arrangement of the teeth in the three-dimensional direction) to reduce the frictional resistance caused by various factors, thereby strengthening the internal jaw resistance. Adjusting the displacement of the moving teeth and the anchorage teeth, aiming at moving the teeth which are expected to move to the maximum and moving the teeth which are not expected to move to the minimum, so that the upper and lower dental arches can achieve good occlusion relation and coordinated and unified dentognathic and maxillofacial relation at the end of treatment;
5.3) biomechanical stage of the invisible correcting process, wherein the teeth are subjected to mechanical tooth displacement under the correcting force, the tooth correcting process is equivalent to a kinematic process from a microscopic angle, the deformation area of the correcting device and the elastic potential energy of the material
Into kinetic energy of the teeth
The internal energy U for reconstruction of periodontal tissue, and the moving speed of a single tooth in the tooth arrangement three-dimensional coordinate system can be expressed as
The whole correction process is energy conservation expressed by the formula
The correction force at the initial correction stage is larger
Quickly decaying with the lapse of time, and after reaching a proper level, the residual stress of the appliance is stable and does not change any more, and the final stage of the correction is
Tends to 0, the teeth are not influenced by the invisible orthodontic appliance, the internal mechanics of periodontal tissues are balanced, and the elastic potential energy of the deformation part of the invisible braces
All converted into internal energy U for periodontal tissue reconstruction. The invisible orthodontic appliance controls anchorage teeth to keep fixed in a non-orthodontic area, potential energy conversion is realized in a deformation area, the influence of reaction force is gradually dispersed in the whole orthodontic process, and the loss of mechanical anchorage is reduced;
5.4) the invisible appliance increases the number of anchorage teeth in the sagittal direction, designs a distributed movable tooth scheme, controls the tooth movement type, applies appropriate correction force, controls the tooth stress area, and adjusts the internal resistance of the appliance to achieve the aims of reducing the loss of mechanical anchorage and accurately controlling the anchorage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the optimization scheme of the invisible tooth appliance is reasonable, the finite element software is utilized to simulate the tooth moving process to indirectly model, a continuous invisible appliance model which accords with the actual appearance is established, the model is accurately assembled with the dental jaw model, the overall effect of the invisible appliance technology on dentition can be researched, and the simulation authenticity of the invisible appliance model is ensured according to the set constraint conditions and the application of a nonlinear finite element analysis method. The stress conditions of the periodontal tissues and the invisible orthodontic appliance are analyzed and optimized, the force application area is controlled, the stress distribution of the anchorage teeth is reduced, the force dispersion reaction force reacting on the orthodontic appliance through balance reaction is used for reducing the mechanical anchorage consumption, the most appropriate orthodontic force is applied to effectively promote reconstruction of the periodontal tissues, the teeth are enabled to generate ideal movement, and the best orthodontic effect is achieved.
In the biomechanical stage of tooth correction, a physical Newton's second law and an energy conservation law are applied, the non-correction area of the invisible correction device controls anchorage teeth to keep fixed, potential energy conversion is realized in a deformation area, the influence of a reaction force is gradually dispersed in the whole correction process, and the loss of mechanical anchorage is reduced. The anchorage number is increased in the sagittal direction by controlling the internal friction resistance of the invisible orthodontic appliance, and the precise control of the anchorage in the tooth orthodontics is realized by designing a scheme of distributing and moving teeth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dental model with an invisible appliance
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the overall optimization scheme.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
referring to fig. 2, a method for optimizing an invisible appliance includes:
1) establishing a three-dimensional digital model of the jaw based on reverse engineering, and establishing a bracket-free invisible appliance model;
2) determining a tooth moving mode, setting a method for applying load to teeth in the moving mode in the deformed tooth correction process, and selecting proper orthodontic force;
3) assembling the dental model and the appliance model, and performing finite element analysis on the invisible appliance as shown in figure 1;
4) analyzing and optimizing the stress conditions of the periodontal tissues and the invisible orthodontic device;
5) the theoretical design and anchorage control of the invisible orthodontic appliance.
The method has the advantages that the finite element software is utilized to simulate the tooth moving process to indirectly model, the continuous invisible appliance model which accords with the actual appearance is established, the model is accurately assembled with the dental model, the overall effect of the invisible appliance technology on dentition can be researched, the simulation authenticity of the invisible appliance model is ensured according to the set constraint conditions and the application of the nonlinear finite element analysis method. The stress conditions of the periodontal tissues and the invisible orthodontic appliance are analyzed and optimized, the force application area is controlled, the stress distribution of the anchorage teeth is reduced, the force dispersion reaction force reacting on the orthodontic appliance through balance reaction is used for reducing the mechanical anchorage consumption, the most appropriate orthodontic force is applied to effectively promote reconstruction of the periodontal tissues, the teeth are enabled to generate ideal movement, and the best orthodontic effect is achieved.
In the biomechanical stage of tooth correction, a physical Newton's second law and an energy conservation law are applied, the non-correction area of the invisible correction device controls anchorage teeth to keep fixed, potential energy conversion is realized in a deformation area, the influence of a reaction force is gradually dispersed in the whole correction process, and the loss of mechanical anchorage is reduced. The anchorage number is increased in the sagittal direction by controlling the internal friction resistance of the invisible orthodontic appliance, and the precise control of the anchorage in the tooth orthodontics is realized by designing a scheme of distributing and moving teeth.
Claims (6)
1. An optimization method of an invisible tooth appliance is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:
establishing a three-dimensional digital model of the jaw based on reverse engineering, and establishing a bracket-free invisible appliance model;
determining a tooth moving mode, setting a method for applying load to teeth in the moving mode in the deformed tooth correction process, and selecting proper orthodontic force;
assembling a dental jaw model and an appliance model, and carrying out finite element analysis on the invisible appliance;
analyzing and optimizing the stress conditions of the periodontal tissues and the invisible orthodontic device;
the theoretical design and anchorage control of the invisible orthodontic appliance.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the step 1) is specifically as follows:
a) carrying out tomography scanning on the tooth model by using a laser scanning technology, respectively extracting relevant data of each anterior tooth of the upper jaw by thresholding operation according to the difference of gray values of bone tissues and tooth tissues, importing the obtained model into finite element software, reassembling and adjusting the relative positions of the teeth, setting the rest teeth as anchorage teeth, and keeping the positions of the anchorage teeth stationary to obtain a dentition-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone model M for simulating the orthodontic treatment process;
b) expanding the outer surface of the dental crown part of the dental jaw model along a normal line, simulating the thickness of the orthodontic appliance, independently processing each tooth, subtracting the overlapped and crossed part of the tooth and the adjacent tooth, and obtaining the invisible orthodontic appliance model MI by using Boolean operation according to the details of the entity processing model of the orthodontic appliance.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the step 2) is specifically as follows:
a) determining a tooth moving mode, wherein the inclined movement of a single tooth after stress is that the single side of a crown in an oral cavity is stressed, taking a tooth impedance central point as a stress center, and enabling the moving directions of the crown and the tooth to be opposite through an external force;
b) applying the load of the invisible appliance on the oblique movement of the tooth to the incisal edge of the crown on the tooth digital model, correcting the restriction of the oblique movement of the tooth against the center, taking the incisal edge of the tooth as a vertex, applying the displacement load on the incisal edge of the crown, and adding a root tongue-crown lip directional torque on the anterior tooth to enhance the anchorage of the anterior tooth;
c) in order to avoid serious damage or change of deformed teeth and alveolar bones, orthodontic force of 0.490N-0.735N is applied to a single tooth to promote bone absorption at a stressed side, so that the force for moving the front tooth is smaller than the force for moving the rear tooth, and the proper orthodontic force can be ensured to move the front tooth most effectively and keep the rear tooth anchorage.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step 3), assembling the model M and the model MI, firstly, defining material attributes, wherein 4 material attributes of the tooth body, the periodontal ligament, the alveolar bone and the invisible appliance are all homogeneous and isotropic linear elastomers; secondly, carrying out mesh division by four steps of defining unit attributes, defining mesh generation control and generating meshes, wherein each part of the model adopts a tetrahedral unit; next, the boundary conditions are determined as: the inner surface of the invisible appliance and the surface of each dental crown are in a flexible-flexible contact relation; finally, stress analysis is carried out on the periodontal tissues and the orthodontic appliance by utilizing a nonlinear contact analysis method of finite element software ABAQUS.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the step 4) is specifically as follows:
a) the finite element analysis result comprises the stress distribution of all teeth, namely the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone, and the stress condition of the orthodontic appliance in a bracket-free invisible orthodontic loading mode, the orthodontic appliance is subjected to non-uniform stress in the invisible orthodontic appliance loading mode, the orthodontic appliance to be orthodontic tooth position deforms greatly to generate stress concentration, the teeth are influenced by orthodontic force, and the stress level of the anchorage tooth is close to that of the orthodontic tooth;
b) the total area of periodontal membranes of the tooth to be corrected and the anchorage tooth is equivalent, the stress distribution shows that the anchorage is easy to lose, the posterior tooth should be brought into the anchorage in the invisible appliance, and the full dentition appliance brought into the 2 nd molar tooth can work more effectively, and in order to reduce the influence of the invisible appliance on the anchorage tooth, the optimization of the invisible appliance can obtain continuous information of the deformation condition of the invisible appliance after being loaded;
c) the application area of the correction force is controlled, the stress distribution of the anchorage tooth is reduced, the force dispersion reaction force reacting on the correction device is balanced and reacted, the consumption of the mechanical anchorage is reduced, the optimum correction force is applied, the reconstruction of periodontal tissues is effectively promoted, the tooth is enabled to generate ideal movement, and the optimum correction effect is achieved.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the step 5) is specifically as follows:
a) in the invisible correcting process, the invisible correcting device applies continuous correcting force on the stress center of the contact surface of the inner surface of the correcting device and the dental crown
While the teeth are subject to the impedance forces of the periodontal tissue at the center of the impedance
According to Newton's second law, the resultant force applied during the orthodontic treatment
To correct the stress on teeth
To generate mechanical movement and control the resultant force
The tooth movement force is within the threshold range, so that the optimal comfort degree of the orthodontic process of a patient is kept;
b) the dental arches of the invisible orthodontic appliances are arranged orderly (the arrangement of the dental arches in the three-dimensional direction of teeth is orderly) to reduce the frictional resistance caused by various factors, thereby strengthening the internal resistance of the jaw; adjusting the displacement of the moving teeth and the anchorage teeth, aiming at moving the teeth which are expected to move to the maximum and moving the teeth which are not expected to move to the minimum, so that the upper and lower dental arches can achieve good occlusion relation and coordinated and unified dentognathic and maxillofacial relation at the end of treatment;
c) in the biomechanical stage of the invisible correction process, the teeth are subjected to mechanical tooth displacement under the correction force effect, and the tooth correction process is equivalent to a kinematic process from the microscopic perspective, the deformation area of the correction device and the elastic potential energy of the material
Into kinetic energy of the teeth
The internal energy U for reconstruction of periodontal tissue, and the moving speed of a single tooth in the tooth arrangement three-dimensional coordinate system can be expressed as
The whole correction process is energy conservation expressed by the formula
For the beginning of correctionThe correction force is larger in the period
Quickly decaying with the lapse of time, and after reaching a proper level, the residual stress of the appliance is stable and does not change any more, and the final stage of the correction is
Tends to 0, the teeth are not influenced by the invisible orthodontic appliance, the internal mechanics of periodontal tissues are balanced, and the elastic potential energy of the deformation part of the invisible braces
All converted into internal energy U for periodontal tissue reconstruction; the invisible orthodontic appliance controls anchorage teeth to keep fixed in a non-orthodontic area, potential energy conversion is realized in a deformation area, the influence of reaction force is gradually dispersed in the whole orthodontic process, and the loss of mechanical anchorage is reduced;
d) the invisible orthodontic appliance increases the number of anchorage teeth in the sagittal direction, designs a distributed movable tooth scheme, controls the tooth movement type, applies appropriate orthodontic force, controls the tooth stress area, and adjusts the internal resistance of the orthodontic appliance to achieve the aims of reducing the loss of mechanical anchorage and accurately controlling the anchorage.
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