CN110881432A - Ecological breeding method for rice field crayfishes - Google Patents
Ecological breeding method for rice field crayfishes Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
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- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological breeding method of rice field crayfishes, which comprises the following steps: (1) ditching in the rice field to form grid-shaped ditches; (2) screening out robust parent crayfishes of crayfishes to enter a paddy field; (3) feeding a feed for promoting gonad development to the parent crayfish; (4) dynamically regulating the water level of the rice field, inducing the parent crayfishes to dig holes in the ditches, mate, lay eggs and hatch; (5) when the rice planted in the rice field is harvested, the height of the rice stubble is controlled, and the height of the water surface is controlled to be lower than the height of the rice stubble after the water is irrigated in the rice field; (6) feeding crayfish fries hatched in a rice field by combining natural baits and artificial feeding feeds; (7) catching the crayfish fries. The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the ecological breeding method of the crayfishes in the rice field, the ecological breeding of the crayfishes can be carried out in the continuous rice field in the plain area, and the large-scale and batch production of crayfish seedlings is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crayfish seedling raising method, in particular to an ecological crayfish seedling raising method in a paddy field in a plain area, and belongs to the technical field of crayfish seedling breeding.
Background
Procambarus clarkii belongs to the family Procambarus of the family Crataceae of the phylum Arthropoda, is named as Procambarus clarkii and crayfish (hereinafter collectively called crayfish) with delicious meat taste and rich nutrition, is deeply loved by people and is a main variety for culturing the shrimps at present. In recent years, due to the rapid increase of market demand, the natural resources of crayfishes are rapidly reduced, and the price is gradually increased, so that the market demand is met through artificial scientific culture. The crayfish paddy field breeding is rapidly developed, and the seedlings become the bottleneck of the further development of the crayfish breeding industry. Due to the biological characteristics of crayfish breeding, the brood holding amount and the fry discharging amount of each group of parent crayfish are limited, and generally 100-300 crayfish are bred. The success of industrial crayfish breeding has been reported by predecessors, but the industrial crayfish breeding is far from meeting the production requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: ecological breeding of crayfish is carried out in paddy fields in plain areas.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method for ecologically breeding the rice field crayfishes mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, ditching in a rice field to form a grid-shaped ditch, and putting parent crayfishes of crayfishes in the rice field;
step two, when the rice is harvested, the remaining height of each rice stubble is more than 45 cm;
and step three, dynamically regulating and controlling the water level in the rice field, and inducing the parent crayfishes of the crayfishes to dig holes, mate, lay eggs and hatch.
In some embodiments, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) excavating a first type ditch close to the inner side of a field ridge of the rice field, and excavating a second type ditch in the rice field; the second type grooves are communicated in a longitudinal and transverse mode to form grid-shaped grooves, and the second type grooves are communicated with the first type grooves; the depth and width of the first type of trench are greater than the second type of trench;
(2) screening out robust parent crayfishes of crayfishes to enter a paddy field;
(3) feeding a feed for promoting gonad development to the parent crayfish;
(4) dynamically regulating the water level of the rice field, inducing the parent crayfishes to dig holes, mate, lay eggs and hatch in the first type ditch or the second type ditch;
(5) when the rice planted in the rice field is harvested, the height of the rice stubble is controlled, and after the water is irrigated in the rice field, the height of the water surface is controlled to be lower than the height of the rice stubble;
(6) feeding crayfish fries hatched in a rice field by combining natural baits and artificial feeding feeds;
(7) catching the crayfish fries.
In some embodiments, the first type of ditches are excavated towards the inside of the rice field at a distance of 2 meters from the inner side of the three-side ridge of the rice field and are arranged into U-shaped ditches, the width of each ditch is 2-3 meters, and the depth of each ditch is 1-1.2 meters; excavating a plurality of second type ditches within the range of the rice field surrounded by the U-shaped ditches, wherein the width of each ditch is 20-30 cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30-40 cm; each second type groove is communicated with the U-shaped groove.
In some embodiments, the total length of the second type furrow is 4-5 times of the total length of the first type furrow, and the total area of the first type furrow and the second type furrow accounts for 8% -10% of the total area of the rice field.
In some embodiments, the feed formulation for gonadotropic development comprises: 15% of dried limnodrilus, 10% of dried blood powder, 10% of dried shells, 10% of dried beef liver, 18% of dried fly maggot, 23% of skim milk powder, 3% of kudzu root powder, 2% of gelatin, 2% of eyebright seed powder, 2% of alfalfa powder, 1% of milk vetch powder, 1% of selenium-enriched malt, 1% of hydrilla verticillata spore powder, 1% of tape grass seed powder and 0.5% of yeast, wherein the ingredients are calculated according to weight percentage.
In some embodiments, the feed for gonadotropic development is fed in an amount of 1% to 2% by weight of the total weight of the parent crayfish of crayfish in the paddy field.
In some embodiments, dynamically regulating the water level of the paddy field comprises the following operations:
(1) drying the rice in the sun about 35 days before harvesting;
(2) irrigating 15 days after the rice is harvested;
(3) after the rice is harvested for 30 days, the water level of the surface of the rice field reaches 30-40 cm;
(4) controlling the water level of the rice field plate surface to be 40-42 cm from 11 months to 3 months in the next year without submerging the top of the rice stubble;
(5) after 4 ten days in the middle of the next year, the water level of the rice field plate surface is increased to 50-60 cm, and the top of rice stubble is submerged;
(6) keeping the water level of the rice field board about 5 cm during the rice transplanting period in the first 6 th month of the next year;
(7) when the field is exposed in the middle and late ten days of the next 6 months, keeping the water level of the rice field plate surface at 0 cm, and keeping the water level in the latticed ditch about 5 cm lower than the rice field plate surface;
(8) 7-9 months in the next year, and after the field is sunned for the first time, the water level of the surface of the rice field is increased to 30-45 cm;
(9) in the next 10 months, the water level in the latticed ditches is reduced to be about 10 cm lower than the rice field plate surface.
In some embodiments, the specific steps of beginning to sun-dry the rice about 35 days before harvesting are: firstly, rapidly preventing water, and reducing the water level of the rice field plate surface to about 10 cm; slowly discharging water, and controlling the water to be about 72 hours to ensure that the rice field plate surface is completely exposed out of the water surface; and then solarizing until the surface of the rice field is dry and cracked, and inducing the parent crayfishes of the crayfishes to dig holes, mate and lay eggs.
In some embodiments, the artificial feeding of feed is: feeding 0.5-1.0 kg per mu from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months in the next year; the feeding amount per mu is 1.1-2.0 kg from the middle ten days of 5 months to the end ten days of 5 months in the next year.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the ecological breeding method of the crayfishes in the rice field, the ecological breeding of the crayfishes can be carried out in the continuous rice field in the plain area, and the large-scale and batch production of crayfish seedlings is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of "U" -shaped and "non" -shaped furrows of a paddy field for raising seedlings in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals in the above figures:
1 deep trench
2 shallow trench
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a method for ecologically breeding crayfishes in a rice field, which is suitable for plain and basin rice growing areas. Constructing a mating and spawning place for the crayfishes through rice field structure transformation and rice stubble remaining; inducing the crayfish to mate and lay eggs through water level control; the method adopts the steps of preferably feeding parent shrimps and parent shrimp feeds, feeding offspring feeds, catching offspring, increasing the yield and the like, achieves the purposes of enhancing the physique of the crayfish, improving the overwintering survival rate of the crayfish, reducing the probability of killing the crayfish fries mutually, improving the specifications of the crayfish fries, and has great significance for improving the yield of unit breeding of rice fields and economic benefit.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for ecologically breeding crayfish in rice field suitable for plain and basin areas comprises the following steps:
(1) the U-shaped ditch and the non-shaped ditch of the seedling raising rice field are combined
The rice field structure is reformed, and 2U-shaped ditches and 2 non-shaped ditches in each rice field are combined, so that the place for parent shrimps to inhabit, dig holes and hold eggs is increased. The area of each paddy field is preferably 6000-10000 square meters, and the paddy field and the shrimp are preferably developed in the surrounding paddy fields. A U-shaped ditch is dug into the rice field along 2 meters inside a ridge of the rice field, the width of the ditch is 2-3 meters, the depth of the ditch is 100-120 centimeters, the water level is deep, and crayfishes can concentrate on the ditch to avoid harm during the period of sunning the rice, such as a deep ditch 1 in a graph 1. In the field range of the U-shaped ditch, a non-shaped ditch is dug (the design and excavation are based on the condition that the mechanized rice transplanting and harvesting are not influenced), the depth of the ditch is 30-40 cm, the width of the ditch is 20-30 cm, the density of the rice transplanting and the mechanized rice harvesting are not influenced, and the shallow ditch 2 in the picture 1 is shown. The total length of the non-shaped ditch is 4-5 times of that of the U-shaped ditch, so that the crayfish can be conveniently inhabited and survive in the field sunning process, the contradiction between the growth and the field sunning of the crayfish and rice is solved, the places where the parent crayfish inhabits, digs the hole and holds the eggs are increased, and the spawning and hatching rate of the parent crayfish is improved. The dug non-shaped ditches are communicated with the U-shaped ditches, and the total area of the two ditches accounts for 8-10% of the total area of the rice field, as shown in figure 1.
(2) Rice high stubble-remaining mini-ecological stove for creating each crayfish seedling
High stubble (more than 45 cm) is left in the rice, so that more suitable mating and spawning places are created for the crayfishes, and a miniature ecological stove is created for the crayfish seedlings. The specific method comprises the following steps: selecting rice varieties and leaving stubbles, namely selecting high-quality rice seeds with disease resistance, insect resistance and lodging resistance, such as Wan rice 96, Yangjing No. 8, Wuyujing No. 16 and the like; and (2) drying the field again before harvesting, reducing the water level of the circular groove to be about 10 cm lower than the field surface in 10 months, allowing the harvester to enter the surface of the field to harvest rice after the surface of the field is hardened and dried, leaving stubble of rice straw over 45 cm (different from the conventional rice stubble with the height of 20-30 cm), facilitating germination of axillary buds of the rice and turning green of the straw, absorbing and utilizing field organic substances, reducing the increase of harmful substances such as water weight, ammonia nitrogen and the like in the irrigation field after harvesting the rice, and enabling the shrimp seeds just separated from the parent to grow smoothly. According to production practice and innovation experience, 1.5 thousand of holes are planted per mu, effective ears of 12 ears are generated in each hole on average, namely 18 thousand-stem rice stubbles are left per mu, and a microecological stove formed around the rice stubbles comprises field aquatic plants, benthonic animals, aquatic insects and the like; every 1 crayfish seedling possesses 1-2 stem rice stubble and a miniature ecological range.
(3) Dynamically regulating field water level around the growth of rice group, inducing crayfish to dig hole, mate and lay eggs by using the second field drying before mechanical harvesting of rice
Adjust crayfish growth process of breeding through water level control, the rice is harvested and is started to dry in the sun the field 35 days before to the induced crayfish mating is laid eggs, and it begins to irrigate after harvesting 15 days, and the induced crayfish seed concentrates out the hole, specifically is:
quickly reducing the water level of the rice field plate to 10 cm from the second field drying 35 days before harvesting the rice; and slowly discharging water, namely controlling the water level of the rice field plate surface to be about 72 hours when the water level of the rice field plate surface reaches 10 cm, so that the rice field plate surface is completely exposed out of the water surface, and then exposing the rice field surface to dry crack to induce crayfishes to dig holes for mating and spawning.
And adding water after harvesting for 15 days, controlling the water level of the board surface to be 30-40 cm after 30 days, and controlling the water level of the board surface to be 40-42 cm from 11 months to 3 months in the next year. The water level control technology ensures that the water level of the rice field does not submerge the top of rice stubble all the time from 10 months to 3 months in the next year after the rice is harvested, the straw of the rice stubble is green, the physiological activity is kept, oxygen in the air is utilized through the breathing channel of the straw, the straw stands upright in the water all the time, the water temperature of the rice field is kept stable in the winter passing period, and the water level control technology is favorable for the smooth winter passing of the parent crayfish and the offspring seed of the crayfish; the water temperature is kept in the wintering period, and the water quality is fertilized in the next spring to provide natural bait.
In 3 months of the next year, the water level of the rice field plate surface is controlled to be about 40 cm; and after 4 ten days in the next year, the water level of the rice field board surface is increased to 50-60 cm, rice stubbles are submerged, and the decomposition of the rice stubbles is promoted to fertilize the water quality.
Rice stubble plays a variety of roles: the method provides habitation and hidden places for parent shrimps, juvenile shrimps and the like, reduces mutual residual food, and obviously improves the survival rate of the juvenile shrimps; secondly, natural baits are provided for parent shrimps and juvenile shrimps; thirdly, the water temperature can be kept during the overwintering period, so that the crayfish can smoothly overwinter; fourthly, oxygen in the air is utilized through a breathing channel of the straws, so that the survival rate of the crayfish fries in overwintering is improved; and (V) decomposing rice stubble to fertilize water quality from 4 months to 5 months in the next year, and providing natural bait for crayfish.
And keeping the water level of the field surface about 5 cm during the rice transplanting period of 6 months in the next year. Keeping the water level of the rice field surface at 0 cm when the fields are sunned in the middle and last ten days of the next 6 months, keeping the water level of the circular ditch about 5 cm lower than the field surface, and adding the water level of the rice field surface to 30-45 cm after 7 months to 9 months after the fields are sunned for the first time; drying the field again before harvesting, hardening the surface of the field, lowering the water level of the circular groove to about 10 cm below the surface of the field in 10 months, enabling the gonad of the parent crayfish to mature, harvesting the rice and drying the field to induce the crayfish to mate and lay eggs.
(4) Screening out strong parent crayfishes of crayfishes to enter the rice field
(5) Formula for developing and promoting gonad development of parent shrimps and feeding parent shrimp gonad development feed
The parent shrimps are supplemented with special granulated feed for promoting gonad development of the parent shrimps, so that the egg holding amount of the parent shrimps is increased. The parent shrimps mainly use natural baits such as organic debris, zooplankton, aquatic insects, periphyton, aquatic weeds and the like in the rice field, the granular feed is fed for 9-10 months and 3 months in the next year, the parent shrimps are fed for 1 time at 16: 00-17: 00 every day, and the feeding amount accounts for 1% -2% of the total weight of the shrimps.
The parent shrimp gonad development feed formula comprises: 15% of dried limnodrilus, 10% of dried blood powder, 10% of dried shells, 10% of dried beef liver, 18% of dried fly maggot, 23% of skim milk powder, 3% of kudzu root powder, 2% of gelatin, 2% of eyebright seed powder, 2% of alfalfa powder, 1% of milk vetch powder, 1% of selenium-enriched malt, 1% of hydrilla verticillata spore powder, 1% of tape grass seed powder, 0.5% of yeast and 0.5% of the rest.
Preparing artificial granulated feed according to the formula; the special granulated feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps is supplemented and fed to the parent shrimps, so that the egg-laying quantity and quality of the parent shrimps are improved, and the egg-laying rate of the parent shrimps of the crayfish can be improved by over 10 percent.
(6) The natural bait of the seedling is combined with the artificial feed
Feeding according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field from late 4 to late 5 months of the next year, wherein the feeding amount per mu is 0.5-1.0 kg from late 4 to early 5 months of the next year; feeding amount of 1.1-2.0 kg per mu from the middle ten days to the last ten days of the month; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises granulated feed.
(7) Fry catching and yield
The time for catching the crayfish fries is 4-5 months in the next year, and the average yield of the crayfish fries in the rice field reaches 10.5-12.5 ten thousand tails/mu by the method.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the structure of the seedling raising rice field is improved, a U-shaped ditch is combined with a non-shaped ditch, so that the places where parent shrimps inhabit, dig holes and hold eggs are increased, the depth of the non-shaped ditch is 30-40 cm, and the rice planting density and mechanized harvesting are not influenced;
2. high stubbles of rice are reserved to create more suitable mating and spawning places for the crayfishes, and a micro ecological stove is created for each crayfish seedling;
3. inducing the crayfish to mate and lay eggs through water level control: before rice harvesting, drying the field for the second time till the field surface is dry and cracked to induce crayfish to dig holes for mating and spawning; the water level of the rice field in the wintering period is not submerged at the top of the rice stubble all the time, the rice stubble is erected in the water all the time, and the water temperature of the rice field is kept stable in the wintering period; after 4 ten days in the next year, the water level of the rice field plate surface is increased to 50-60 cm, rice stubbles are submerged, the rice stubbles are promoted to decompose and fertilize the water quality, and natural bait of the rice field is increased;
4. the putting area is provided with a parent lobster-on-pines screener for the lobsters soaked in the rice field water, preferably selecting the parent lobsters, and continuously improving the growth speed and disease resistance of the seedlings;
5. the special granulated feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps is fed to the parent shrimps, so that the egg-laying quantity and quality of the parent shrimps are improved, and the egg-laying rate of the parent shrimps of the crayfishes can be improved by over 10 percent;
6. the natural bait of the crayfish fries is combined with the artificial feeding feed;
7. the rice field with one rice sheet is based on the planting of one-season rice, and the large-scale and batch production of seedlings is realized.
The invention is further explained by a plurality of specific embodiments of ecological breeding of the paddy field crayfishes.
Example 1
Selecting 6 smooth rectangular rice fields with good ecological environment and no pollution sources in the Anhui full pepper region, wherein the length-width ratio of the rice fields is 2: 1, and each rice field is about 15 mu;
(1) the combination of the U-shaped ditch and the non-shaped ditch of the seedling raising rice field
The structure of the rice field is improved, 1U-shaped ditch and 2 non-U-shaped ditches in each rice field are combined, the U-shaped ditches are excavated into the rice field along 2 meters inside a ridge of the rice field, the width of each ditch is 2 meters, the depth of each ditch is 100 centimeters, and the water level is deeper, so that the crayfishes are concentrated in the paddy field during the sunning period; in the field range in the 'U' -shaped groove, a 'non' -shaped groove (the design and excavation do not affect the mechanized transplanting and harvesting of rice) is excavated, the groove depth is 30 cm, the groove width is 20 cm, the density of the rice transplanting is not affected, the mechanized harvesting of the rice is not affected, the total length of the 'non' -shaped groove is 4-5 times of that of the 'U' -shaped groove, the crayfish can inhabit and survive nearby when being sunned, the contradiction between the growth and sunning of the crayfish and the rice is solved, the place where the parent crayfish inhabits, digs a hole and holds eggs is increased, and the spawning and hatching rate of the parent crayfish is improved; the dug non-shaped ditches are communicated with the U-shaped ditches, and the total area of the two ditches accounts for 8.5 percent of the total area of the rice field.
(2) High stubble of rice is left and miniature ecological kitchen is built for every 1 crayfish seed
High stubble (more than 45 cm) of rice is remained to build more suitable mating and spawning places for crayfish, and a miniature ecological stove is built for crayfish offspring: selecting rice varieties and leaving stubbles, and selecting high-quality rice seeds with disease resistance, insect resistance and lodging resistance, such as Wandao 96; drying the field again before harvesting, lowering the water level of the circular groove to 10.5 cm below the field surface in 10 months, allowing the harvester to enter the surface of the field to harvest rice after the surface of the field is hardened and dried, and leaving stubble on the rice straw by more than 46 cm (different from the conventional rice stubble with the height of 20-30 cm); according to 3 years of production practice and innovation, 1.5 million holes are planted per mu, the tillers per hole grow into 12 plants on average, 18 thousand rice stubbles per mu are left, and a microecological stove formed around the rice stubbles comprises field aquatic plants, benthonic animals, aquatic insects and the like; 1-2 rice stubbles and a micro ecological range are possessed by every 1 crayfish seedling.
(3) Dynamically regulating water level around rice production, and utilizing mechanized harvesting of rice for secondary drying in the sun to induce crayfish to dig hole, mate and lay eggs
Through water level control regulation crayfish growth process of breeding, 35 days before the rice is reaped begin to dry in the sun the field and induce crayfish mating and lay eggs, 15 days after reaping begin to add water and induce crayfish seed to concentrate out the hole, specifically do:
and (3) drying the rice in the sun for the second time 35 days before harvesting, quickly reducing the water level of the rice field plate surface to 10.5 cm, slowly discharging water, namely controlling the rice field plate surface to be completely exposed out of the water surface within about 72 hours when the water level of the rice field plate surface reaches 10.5 cm, and then exposing the rice field plate surface to the sun until the field surface cracks to induce crayfishes to dig into the hole for mating and spawning.
Adding water after harvesting for 15 days, controlling the water level of the board surface to be 30 cm after 30 days, and controlling the water level of the board surface to be 40 cm from 11 months to 3 months in the next year; the water level control technology ensures that the water level of the rice field does not submerge the top of rice stubble all the time from 10 months to 3 months in the next year after the rice is harvested, the straw of the rice stubble is green, the physiological activity is kept, oxygen in the air is utilized through the breathing channel of the straw, the straw stands upright in the water all the time, the water temperature of the rice field is kept stable in the winter passing period, and the water level control technology is favorable for the smooth winter passing of the parent crayfish and the offspring seed of the crayfish; the water temperature is kept in the wintering period, and the water quality is fertilized in the next spring to provide natural bait.
In 3 months of the next year, the water level of the rice field plate surface is controlled to be about 40 cm; after 4 ten days in the next year, the water level on the rice field surface is increased to 50 cm to submerge the rice stubble, so that the rice stubble is decomposed to fertilize the water quality.
And keeping the water level of the field surface about 5 cm during the rice transplanting period of 6 months in the next year. When the field is dried in the middle ten days of 6 months, the water level of the surface of the rice field is kept at 0 cm, the water level of the circular ditch is about 5 cm lower than the surface of the field, and the water level of the surface of the rice field is increased to 30 cm from 7 months to 9 months after the field is dried for the first time; drying the field again before harvesting, hardening the surface of the field, lowering the water level of the circular groove to about 10 cm below the surface of the field in 10 months, enabling the gonad of the parent crayfish to mature, harvesting the rice and drying the field to induce the crayfish to mate and lay eggs.
(4) Screening out strong parent crayfishes of crayfishes to enter the rice field
(5) Formula for developing and promoting gonad development of parent shrimps and feeding parent shrimp gonad development feed
The special granulated feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps is fed to the parent shrimps to improve the egg holding amount of the parent shrimps: the parent shrimps mainly use natural baits such as organic debris, zooplankton, aquatic insects, periphyton, aquatic weeds and the like in the rice field, the granular feed is fed for 9-10 months and 3 months in the next year, the parent shrimps are fed for 1 time at 16: 00-17: 00 every day, and the feeding amount accounts for 1% -2% of the total weight of the shrimps.
(6) The natural bait of the seedling is combined with the artificial feed
Feeding according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field from late 4 to late 5 months of the next year, wherein the feeding amount per mu is 0.5-1.0 kg from late 4 to early 5 months of the next year; feeding amount of 1.1-2.0 kg per mu from the middle ten days to the last ten days of the month; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises granulated feed;
(7) fry catching and yield
The catching time of the crayfish fries is 4-5 months, and the average yield of the crayfish fries in the rice field reaches 10.5 ten thousand tails/mu by the method.
Example 2
Selecting 6 smooth rectangular rice fields with good ecological environment and no pollution source in the Huqiu area, wherein the length-width ratio of the rice fields is 2: 1, and each rice field is about 10 mu;
(1) the combination of the U-shaped ditch and the non-shaped ditch of the seedling raising rice field
The rice field structural transformation, every paddy field 1 "U" shape ditch combines together with 2 "not" shape ditches, increases the place that parent shrimp perched, dug the hole and carried the ovum: digging a U-shaped ditch 2 meters inside the ridge of the rice field, wherein the width of the ditch is 2.5 meters, the depth of the ditch is 110 centimeters, and the water level is deeper, so that the crayfishes are concentrated in the ditch during the sunning period of the rice; in the field range in the 'U' -shaped groove, a 'non' -shaped groove (the design and excavation do not affect the mechanized transplanting and harvesting of rice) is excavated, the groove depth is 35 cm, the groove width is 25 cm, the density of the rice transplanting is not affected, the mechanized harvesting of the rice is not affected, the total length of the 'non' -shaped groove is 4.5 times of that of the 'U' -shaped groove, the crayfish can inhabit and survive nearby when being sunned, the contradiction between the growth and sunning of the crayfish and the rice is solved, the place where the parent crayfish inhabits, digs the hole and holds eggs is increased, and the spawning and hatching rate of the parent crayfish is improved; the dug non-shaped ditches are communicated with the U-shaped ditches, and the total area of the two ditches accounts for 9.5 percent of the total area of the rice field.
(2) High stubble of rice is left and miniature ecological kitchen is built for every 1 crayfish seed
High stubble (more than 45 cm) of rice is remained to build more suitable mating and spawning places for crayfish, and a miniature ecological stove is built for crayfish offspring: selecting rice varieties and leaving stubbles, and selecting high-quality rice seeds with disease resistance, insect resistance and lodging resistance, such as Wandao 96; drying the field again before harvesting, reducing the water level of the circular groove to be about 9.5 cm lower than the field surface in 10 months, allowing the harvester to enter the field surface to harvest rice after the plate surface is hardened and dried, leaving stubble of the rice straw over 48 cm (different from the conventional rice stubble height of 20-30 cm), allowing the rice straw over 48 cm to facilitate germination of rice axillary buds and turning green of the straw, absorbing and utilizing field organic substances, reducing the rise of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and the like in irrigation field water quality after harvesting the rice, and enabling the shrimp seeds just separated from the parent to grow smoothly; according to 3 years of production practice and innovation, 1.5 million holes are planted per mu, the tillers per hole grow into 12 plants on average, 18 thousand rice stubbles per mu are left, and a microecological stove formed around the rice stubbles comprises field aquatic plants, benthonic animals, aquatic insects and the like; 1-2 rice stubbles and a micro ecological range are possessed by every 1 crayfish seedling.
(3) Dynamically regulating water level around rice production, and utilizing mechanized harvesting of rice for secondary drying in the sun to induce crayfish to dig hole, mate and lay eggs
Through water level control regulation crayfish growth process of breeding, 35 days before the rice is reaped begin to dry in the sun the field and induce crayfish mating and lay eggs, 15 days after reaping begin to add water and induce crayfish seed to concentrate out the hole, specifically do:
and (3) drying the rice in the sun for the second time 35 days before harvesting, quickly reducing the water level of the rice field plate surface to 9.5 cm, slowly discharging water, namely controlling the rice field plate surface to be completely exposed out of the water surface within about 72 hours when the water level of the rice field plate surface reaches 9.5 cm, and then exposing the rice field plate surface to the sun until the field surface cracks to induce crayfishes to dig into the hole for mating and spawning.
Adding water after harvesting for 15 days, controlling the water level of the board surface to be 35 cm after 30 days, and controlling the water level of the board surface to be 41 cm from 11 months to 3 months in the next year; the water level control technology ensures that the water level of the rice field does not submerge the top of rice stubble all the time from 10 months to 3 months in the next year after the rice is harvested, the straw of the rice stubble is green, the physiological activity is kept, oxygen in the air is utilized through the breathing channel of the straw, the straw stands upright in the water all the time, the water temperature of the rice field is kept stable in the winter passing period, and the water level control technology is favorable for the smooth winter passing of the parent crayfish and the offspring seed of the crayfish; the water temperature is kept in the wintering period, and the water quality is fertilized in the next spring to provide natural bait.
In 3 months of the next year, the water level of the rice field plate surface is controlled to be about 40 cm; after 4 middle ten days of the next year, the water level of the rice field surface is increased to 55 cm to submerge rice stubbles, so that the rice stubbles are decomposed to fertilize the water quality.
And keeping the water level of the field surface about 5 cm during the rice transplanting period of 6 months in the next year. When the field is dried in the middle ten days of 6 months, the water level of the surface of the rice field is kept at 0 cm, the water level of the circular ditch is about 5 cm lower than the surface of the field, and the water level of the surface of the rice field is increased to 40 cm from 7 months to 9 months after the field is dried for the first time; drying the field again before harvesting, hardening the surface of the field, lowering the water level of the circular groove to about 9.5 cm lower than the field surface in 10 months, enabling the gonad of the parent crayfish to mature, harvesting the rice and drying the field to induce the crayfish to mate and lay eggs.
(4) Screening out strong parent crayfishes of crayfishes to enter the rice field
(5) Formula for developing and promoting gonad development of parent shrimps and feeding parent shrimp gonad development feed
The special granulated feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps is fed to the parent shrimps to improve the egg holding amount of the parent shrimps: the parent shrimps mainly use natural baits such as organic debris, zooplankton, aquatic insects, periphyton, aquatic weeds and the like in the rice field, the granular feed is fed for 9-10 months and 3 months in the next year, the parent shrimps are fed for 1 time at 16: 00-17: 00 every day, and the feeding amount accounts for 1% -2% of the total weight of the shrimps.
(6) The natural bait of the seedling is combined with the artificial feed
Feeding according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field from late 4 to late 5 months of the next year, wherein the feeding amount per mu is 0.5-1.0 kg from late 4 to early 5 months of the next year; feeding amount of 1.1-2.0 kg per mu from the middle ten days to the last ten days of the month; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises granulated feed.
(7) Fry catching and yield
The time for catching the crayfish fries is 4-5 months, and the average yield of the crayfish fries in the rice field reaches 11.5 ten thousand tails/mu by the method.
Example 3
6 flat rectangular rice fields with good ecological environment and no pollution source in a remote area are selected, the length-width ratio of the rice fields is 2: 1, and each rice field is about 18 mu.
(1) The combination of the U-shaped ditch and the non-shaped ditch of the seedling raising rice field
The rice field structural transformation, every paddy field 1 "U" shape ditch combines together with 2 "not" shape ditches, increases the place that parent shrimp perched, dug the hole and carried the ovum: developing rice and shrimp at the periphery to serve as well, excavating a U-shaped ditch along 2 meters inside the ridge of the rice field, wherein the width of the ditch is 3 meters, the depth of the ditch is 120 centimeters, and the water level is deeper, so that the crayfishes are concentrated in the ditch during the sunning period of the rice; in the field range in the 'U' -shaped groove, a 'non' -shaped groove (the design and excavation do not affect the mechanized transplanting and harvesting of rice) is excavated, the groove depth is 40 cm, the groove width is 30 cm, the density of the rice transplanting and the mechanized harvesting of the rice are not affected, the total length of the 'non' -shaped groove is 5 times of that of the 'U' -shaped groove, the crayfish can inhabit and live nearby when being sunned, the contradiction between the crayfish and the rice growing and sunning field is solved, the place where the parent crayfish inhabits, digs the hole and holds eggs is increased, and the spawning and hatching rate of the parent crayfish is improved; the dug non-shaped ditches are communicated with the U-shaped ditches, and the total area of the two ditches accounts for 9.8 percent of the total area of the rice field.
(2) High stubble of rice is left and miniature ecological kitchen is built for every 1 crayfish seed
High stubble (more than 45 cm) of rice is remained to build more suitable mating and spawning places for crayfish, and a miniature ecological stove is built for crayfish offspring: selecting rice varieties and leaving stubbles, and selecting high-quality rice varieties with disease resistance, insect resistance and lodging resistance, such as Wandao 9; drying the field again before harvesting, reducing the water level of the circular groove to be about 10 cm lower than the field surface in 10 months, allowing the harvester to enter the surface of the field to harvest rice after the surface of the field is hardened and dried, leaving stubble of rice straw over 50 cm (different from the conventional rice stubble with the height of 20-30 cm), allowing the rice straw over 50 cm to facilitate germination of rice axillary buds and return of straw green, absorbing and utilizing field organic substances, reducing the rise of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and the like in irrigation field water quality after harvesting the rice, and enabling shrimp seeds just separated from a parent body to grow smoothly; according to 3 years of production practice and innovation, 1.5 million holes are planted per mu, the tillers per hole grow into 12 plants on average, 18 thousand rice stubbles per mu are left, and a microecological stove formed around the rice stubbles comprises field aquatic plants, benthonic animals, aquatic insects and the like; 1-2 rice stubbles and a micro ecological range are possessed by every 1 crayfish seedling.
(3) Dynamically regulating water level around rice production, and utilizing mechanized harvesting of rice for secondary drying in the sun to induce crayfish to dig hole, mate and lay eggs
Through water level control regulation crayfish growth process of breeding, 35 days before the rice is reaped begin to dry in the sun the field and induce crayfish mating and lay eggs, 15 days after reaping begin to add water and induce crayfish seed to concentrate out the hole, specifically do:
and (3) drying the rice in the sun 35 days before harvesting, quickly reducing the water level of the rice field plate surface to 10 cm, slowly discharging water, namely controlling the rice field plate surface to be completely exposed out of the water surface within about 72 hours when the water level of the rice field plate surface reaches 10 cm, and then exposing the rice field plate surface to sun until the field surface is dry and cracked to induce crayfishes to dig holes for mating and spawning.
Adding water after harvesting for 15 days, controlling the water level of the board surface to be 40 cm after 30 days, and controlling the water level of the board surface to be 42 cm from 11 months to 3 months in the next year; the water level control technology ensures that the water level of the rice field does not submerge the top of rice stubble all the time from 10 months to 3 months in the next year after the rice is harvested, the straw of the rice stubble is green, the physiological activity is kept, oxygen in the air is utilized through the breathing channel of the straw, the straw stands upright in the water all the time, the water temperature of the rice field is kept stable in the winter passing period, and the water level control technology is favorable for the smooth winter passing of the parent crayfish and the offspring seed of the crayfish; the water temperature is kept in the wintering period, and the water quality is fertilized in the next spring to provide natural bait.
In 3 months of the next year, the water level of the rice field plate surface is controlled to be about 40 cm; after 4 ten days in the next year, the water level on the rice field surface is increased to 60 cm to submerge rice stubbles, so that the rice stubbles are decomposed to fertilize the water quality.
And keeping the water level of the field surface about 5 cm during the rice transplanting period of 6 months in the next year. When the field is dried in the middle ten days of 6 months, the water level of the surface of the rice field is kept at 0 cm, the water level of the circular ditch is about 5 cm lower than the surface of the field, and the water level of the surface of the rice field is increased to 45 cm from 7 months to 9 months after the field is dried for the first time; drying the field again before harvesting, hardening the surface of the field, lowering the water level of the circular groove to about 10 cm below the surface of the field in 10 months, enabling the gonad of the parent crayfish to mature, harvesting the rice and drying the field to induce the crayfish to mate and lay eggs.
(4) Screening out strong parent crayfishes of crayfishes to enter the rice field
(5) Formula for developing and promoting gonad development of parent shrimps and feeding parent shrimp gonad development feed
The special granulated feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps is fed to the parent shrimps to improve the egg holding amount of the parent shrimps: the parent shrimps mainly use natural baits such as organic debris, zooplankton, aquatic insects, periphyton, aquatic weeds and the like in the rice field, the granular feed is fed for 9-10 months and 3 months in the next year, the parent shrimps are fed for 1 time at 16: 00-17: 00 every day, and the feeding amount accounts for 1% -2% of the total weight of the shrimps.
(6) The natural bait of the seedling is combined with the artificial feed
Feeding according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field from late 4 to late 5 months of the next year, wherein the feeding amount per mu is 0.5-1.0 kg from late 4 to early 5 months of the next year; feeding amount of 1.1-2.0 kg per mu from the middle ten days to the last ten days of the month; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises granulated feed.
(7) Fry catching and yield
The catching time of the crayfish fries is 4-5 months, and the average yield of the crayfish fries in the rice field reaches 12.5 ten thousand tails/mu by the method.
The invention adopts the rice field structure reconstruction, combines the U-shaped ditch and the non-shaped ditch, increases the place for parent shrimps to inhabit, dig holes and hold eggs, and has the depth of 30-40 cm, thus not influencing the mechanized harvesting of rice. The parent shrimps are preferably selected, and the growth speed and the disease resistance of the fries are continuously improved. The special granulated feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps is fed for supplementing the shrimps, so that the egg-laying quantity and quality of the parent shrimps are improved, and the egg-laying rate of the parent shrimps of the crayfish can be improved by over 10 percent. The rice stubble is left to create more suitable mating and spawning places for the crayfishes. Inducing the crayfish to mate and lay eggs through water level control: before rice harvesting, drying the field for the second time till the field surface is dry and cracked to induce crayfish to dig holes for mating and spawning; the water level of the rice field in the wintering period is not submerged at the top of the rice stubble all the time, the rice stubble is erected in the water all the time, and the water temperature of the rice field is kept stable in the wintering period; and after 4 ten days in the next year, the water level of the rice field board surface is increased to 50-60 cm, rice stubbles are submerged, the rice stubbles are promoted to decompose and fertilize the water quality, and natural bait of the rice field is increased. By applying the methods provided by the invention, the large-scale batch production of seedlings can be realized on the basis of planting one-season rice in the rice field with one rice slice.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for ecologically breeding rice field crayfishes is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
firstly, ditching a rice field to form a grid-shaped ditch, and putting parent crayfishes of crayfishes in the rice field;
step two, when the rice is harvested, the remaining height of each rice stubble is more than 45 cm;
and step three, dynamically regulating and controlling the water level in the rice field, and inducing the parent crayfishes of the crayfishes to dig holes, mate, lay eggs and hatch.
2. The method for ecologically raising seedlings of rice field crayfishes as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) excavating a first type ditch close to the inner side of a field ridge of a rice field, and excavating a second type ditch in the rice field; the second type grooves are communicated in a longitudinal and transverse mode to form the grid-shaped grooves, and the second type grooves are communicated with the first type grooves; the first type of trench having a depth and width greater than the second type of trench;
(2) screening out robust parent crayfishes of crayfishes to enter the rice field;
(3) feeding a feed for promoting gonadal development to the parent crayfish;
(4) dynamically regulating the water level of the paddy field, inducing the parent crayfishes to dig holes, mate, lay eggs and hatch in the first type ditch or the second type ditch;
(5) when the rice planted in the rice field is harvested, the height of rice stubble is controlled, and after the water is irrigated in the rice field, the height of the water surface is controlled to be lower than the height of the rice stubble;
(6) feeding crayfish fries hatched in the rice field by combining natural baits and artificial feeding feeds;
(7) catching the crayfish fries.
3. The ecological seedling raising method for the rice field crayfishes as claimed in claim 2,
excavating the first type of ditches towards the inside of the rice field at a distance of 2 meters from the inner side of the three-side ridge of the rice field to form U-shaped ditches, wherein the width of each ditch is 2-3 meters, and the depth of each ditch is 1-1.2 meters;
excavating a plurality of second type ditches within the range of the rice field surrounded by the U-shaped ditches, wherein the width of each ditch is 20-30 cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30-40 cm; each second type groove is communicated with the U-shaped groove.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the total length of the second-type furrows is 4-5 times of the total length of the first-type furrows, and the total area of the first-type furrows and the second-type furrows is 8-10% of the total area of the rice field.
5. The method for ecologically raising seedlings of rice field crayfish as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feed formula for gonadotropic development comprises: 15% of dried limnodrilus, 10% of dried blood powder, 10% of dried shells, 10% of dried beef liver, 18% of dried fly maggot, 23% of skim milk powder, 3% of kudzu root powder, 2% of gelatin, 2% of eyebright seed powder, 2% of alfalfa powder, 1% of milk vetch powder, 1% of selenium-enriched malt, 1% of hydrilla verticillata spore powder, 1% of tape grass seed powder and 0.5% of yeast, wherein the ingredients are calculated according to weight percentage.
6. The method for ecologically raising seedlings of crayfish in rice field as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feeding amount of the feed for gonadal development is 1-2% of the total weight of the crayfish parent crayfish in rice field.
7. The method for ecologically raising seedlings of crayfish in rice field as claimed in claim 2, wherein dynamically regulating the water level in the rice field comprises the following operations:
(1) drying the rice in the sun about 35 days before harvesting;
(2) irrigating 15 days after the rice is harvested;
(3) after the rice is harvested for 30 days, the water level of the surface of the rice field reaches 30-40 cm;
(4) controlling the water level of the rice field plate surface to be 40-42 cm from 11 months to 3 months in the next year without submerging the top of the rice stubble;
(5) after 4 ten days in the middle of the next year, the water level of the rice field plate surface is increased to 50-60 cm, and the top of rice stubble is submerged;
(6) keeping the water level of the rice field board about 5 cm during the rice transplanting period in the first 6 th month of the next year;
(7) when the field is exposed in the middle and the last ten days of the next 6 months, keeping the water level of the rice field plate surface at 0 cm, and keeping the water level in the latticed ditch about 5 cm lower than the rice field plate surface;
(8) 7-9 months in the next year, and after the field is sunned for the first time, the water level of the surface of the rice field is increased to 30-45 cm;
(9) and in the next 10 months, the water level in the latticed ditches is reduced to be about 10 cm lower than the rice field plate surface.
8. The method for ecologically raising seedlings of rice field crayfishes as claimed in claim 7, wherein the specific steps of sunning the field about 35 days before harvesting the rice are as follows: firstly, rapidly preventing water, and reducing the water level of the rice field plate surface to about 10 cm; slowly discharging water, and controlling the water to be about 72 hours to ensure that the rice field plate surface is completely exposed out of the water surface; and then exposing the crayfish to the surface of the rice field for drying and cracking, and inducing the crayfish parent crayfish to dig a hole, mate and lay eggs.
9. The method for ecologically raising seedlings of rice field crayfishes as claimed in claim 2, wherein the artificial feeding is carried out by: feeding 0.5-1.0 kg per mu from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months in the next year; the feeding amount per mu is 1.1-2.0 kg from the middle ten days of 5 months to the end ten days of 5 months in the next year.
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| CN115380785A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-11-25 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | High-quality and high-yield planting method for rice |
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