CN110863499A - Method for controlling watershed water and soil loss by adjusting slope path - Google Patents
Method for controlling watershed water and soil loss by adjusting slope path Download PDFInfo
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- CN110863499A CN110863499A CN201911181732.4A CN201911181732A CN110863499A CN 110863499 A CN110863499 A CN 110863499A CN 201911181732 A CN201911181732 A CN 201911181732A CN 110863499 A CN110863499 A CN 110863499A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
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Abstract
A method for controlling watershed water and soil loss by adjusting slope path relates to a method for controlling watershed water and soil loss. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the slope engineering is usually considered in the existing design for comprehensive treatment of water and soil loss of the slope, so that the water coming from the slope violently scours the field surface, and the stability of the slope is poor. The method is combined with a field road to construct a drainage system of the drainage basin; the drainage system is provided with water storage facilities along the line, and the flood overflow system of the reservoir is a lower drainage ditch. The slope is provided with the ridges for blocking slope runoff and is guided into the drainage grooves, slope water is converged into the drainage ditches through the drainage grooves, and no runoff occurs on the slope in the longitudinal direction. The drainage structure can effectively dredge the incoming water on the slope surface in time, fully reduces the scouring of the incoming water on the slope surface to the field surface and enhances the stability of the slope surface; the cistern can change domatic water into valuables, when keeping the rainwater, reduces to erode, can store the rainwater and use when preparing field surface crop irrigation to spout the medicine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling water and soil loss of a drainage basin.
Background
Soil erosion is one of the main disasters in the world, and damages land resources, causes productivity decline, consumes limited water resources, causes disasters such as drought, flood and the like, causes deterioration of ecological environment, seriously threatens human survival and development, and becomes a problem of general attention of all countries. The northeast black soil region is the most important food production region and the largest commercial food base in China and bears the food demand of more than 50% of urban population in China. Along with the continuous development of social economy and the increasing activities of human production, life and the like, the problem of serious degradation of black soil also occurs in the area, particularly water and soil loss aggravates the soil degradation, damages farmlands, seriously damages the sustainable development of agriculture in black soil areas and threatens the status of commercial food bases in northeast China. The northeast black soil region is listed as one of three regions in which comprehensive water and soil loss treatment is urgently needed by the nation.
At present, in the design of measures for comprehensively treating water and soil loss, only slope engineering is usually considered, namely how to slow down the scouring of runoff, but the design of measures for blocking, storing and draining is not comprehensively considered, so that the coming water of a slope violently scours the field surface, and the stability of the slope is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for controlling the water and soil loss of a drainage basin by adjusting the slope path, aiming at solving the technical problems that the water and soil loss of the drainage basin is controlled by adjusting the slope path, because only slope engineering is usually considered in the existing design for comprehensively treating the water loss of the slope and matched water blocking, storing and draining measures are not comprehensively considered, the coming water of the slope is violently washed to the field surface, and the stability of the slope is poor.
The method for controlling the water loss and soil erosion of the watershed by adjusting the slope diameter is carried out according to the following steps:
a plurality of ridges are uniformly arranged on the slope surface from the upstream to the downstream, and a drainage groove is arranged in parallel at the position, close to the ridge, of the downstream of each ridge; digging a drainage ditch downwards on the ground at one side edge of the slope surface, wherein the drainage ditch is arranged from the upstream to the downstream along the slope surface and is parallel to the downslope direction; digging a grit chamber downwards on the bottom surface of the drainage ditch, and arranging the grit chambers at intervals of 3-5 ridges; a first water outlet and a first water inlet are arranged on the side wall of the drainage ditch far away from the ridge at the downstream of the grit chamber, and a layer of filter screen is arranged at the first water outlet; a reservoir is dug downwards on the ground at one side of the drainage ditch far away from the ridge, a second water outlet and a second water inlet are arranged on the side wall of the reservoir, and the second water outlet is higher than the second water inlet; the second water outlet is communicated with the first water inlet, and the first water outlet is communicated with the second water inlet; the number of the grit chambers, the first water outlets, the first water inlets and the water storage tanks is the same.
The method is combined with a field road to construct a drainage system of the drainage basin; the water storage facilities (water storage tank) are arranged along the drainage system (drainage ditch), and the flood overflow system of the water storage tank is a drainage ditch at the lower section.
The upper edge of the drainage ditch is lower than the water outlet end of the adjacent drainage ditch.
The invention provides a ridge arranged on a slope, which aims to block the runoff on the slope and guide the runoff into a drainage groove, and the slope water is converged into the drainage groove through the drainage groove, so that no runoff occurs on the slope in the longitudinal direction.
According to the invention, the first water outlet is provided with the filter screen layer, so that dry branches and fallen leaves, straws and other impurities are prevented from falling into the reservoir.
According to the invention, a grit chamber and a reservoir are combined into a group, and the group also comprises a first water outlet and a first water inlet.
The invention has the advantages that:
the matched drainage facility can effectively dredge the incoming water on the slope surface in time, fully reduces the scouring of the incoming water on the slope surface and enhances the stability of the slope surface; the cistern can change domatic water into valuables, when keeping the rainwater, reduces to erode, can store the rainwater and use when preparing field surface crop irrigation to spout the medicine.
The invention is an advanced water and soil loss treatment mode which controls water and soil loss, promotes the construction of standardized farmlands, promotes the mechanization of agriculture and effectively improves the productivity. Meanwhile, the invention can well solve the problem of slope water source, and the water in the reservoir can be used as a water source field for water-saving irrigation during planting and operation, thereby being the most effective drainage basin water and soil loss control method for reducing production cost.
The invention also can be the most fundamental and effective measure for comprehensively treating the water loss and the soil erosion, which aims at protecting the black soil resource, ensuring the food safety and ensuring the safety of the production and the life of farmers.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling water and soil loss of a drainage basin by adjusting the slope diameter in test one, wherein 1 is a slope, 2 is a ridge, 3 is a drainage groove, 4 is a drainage ditch, 5 is a reservoir, 6 is a cover body, 7 is a water pipe, and 8 is a grit chamber.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is a method for controlling water and soil loss of a drainage basin by adjusting a slope path, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
a plurality of ridges are uniformly arranged on the slope surface from the upstream to the downstream, and a drainage groove is arranged in parallel at the position, close to the ridge, of the downstream of each ridge; digging a drainage ditch downwards on the ground at one side edge of the slope surface, wherein the drainage ditch is arranged from the upstream to the downstream along the slope surface and is parallel to the downslope direction; digging a grit chamber downwards on the bottom surface of the drainage ditch, and arranging the grit chambers at intervals of 3-5 ridges; a first water outlet and a first water inlet are arranged on the side wall of the drainage ditch far away from the ridge at the downstream of the grit chamber, and a layer of filter screen is arranged at the first water outlet; a reservoir is dug downwards on the ground at one side of the drainage ditch far away from the ridge, a second water outlet and a second water inlet are arranged on the side wall of the reservoir, and the second water outlet is higher than the second water inlet; the second water outlet is communicated with the first water inlet, and the first water outlet is communicated with the second water inlet; the number of the grit chambers, the first water outlets, the first water inlets, the second water outlets, the second water inlets and the water storage tanks is the same.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: and a sand cushion layer with the thickness of 15 cm-20 cm is paved on the bottom surface of the drainage ditch, and then a U-shaped groove made of glass fiber reinforced plastic is arranged. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the width of the drainage ditch is 30 cm-35 cm, and the depth of the drainage ditch is 30 cm-35 cm. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the grit chamber width be unanimous with the escape canal width, the length of grit chamber is 1.5m, the degree of depth of grit chamber is 20cm, can effectively intercept silt, avoid silt to flow into the cistern. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the impounding reservoir is made of glass fiber reinforced plastics, and the glass fiber reinforced plastics have the advantages of light weight, high strength, high mechanical strength and good corrosion resistance. The rest is the same as the fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the fifth embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that: the reservoir is a round reservoir with a volume of 30m3～40m3The depth is 1 m-2 m. The rest is the same as the fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the fifth embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that: the top of the reservoir is provided with a cover body, and the cover body and the upper edge of the reservoir are provided with a lock head. The rest is the same as the fifth embodiment.
The invention was verified with the following tests:
test one: the test is a method for controlling the water and soil loss of a basin by adjusting the slope path, as shown in fig. 1, and is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
a plurality of ridges are uniformly arranged on the slope surface from the upstream to the downstream, and a drainage groove is arranged in parallel at the position, close to the ridge, of the downstream of each ridge; digging a drainage ditch downwards on the ground at one side edge of the slope surface, wherein the drainage ditch is arranged from the upstream to the downstream along the slope surface and is parallel to the downslope direction; digging a grit chamber downwards on the bottom surface of the drainage ditch, and arranging the grit chambers at intervals of 3-5 ridges; a first water outlet and a first water inlet are arranged on the side wall of the drainage ditch far away from the ridge at the downstream of the grit chamber, and a layer of filter screen is arranged at the first water outlet; a reservoir is dug downwards on the ground at one side of the drainage ditch far away from the ridge, a second water outlet and a second water inlet are arranged on the side wall of the reservoir, and the second water outlet is higher than the second water inlet; the second water outlet is communicated with the first water inlet through a water pipe, and the first water outlet is communicated with the second water inlet through a water pipe; the number of the grit chambers, the first water outlets, the first water inlets, the second water outlets, the second water inlets and the water storage tanks is the same;
a sand cushion layer with the thickness of 15cm is paved on the bottom surface of the drainage ditch, and then a U-shaped groove made of glass fiber reinforced plastic is arranged; the width of the drainage ditch is 30cm, and the depth of the drainage ditch is 30 cm; the width of the grit chamber is consistent with that of the drainage ditch, the length of the grit chamber is 1.5m, the depth of the grit chamber is 20cm, silt can be effectively intercepted,the silt is prevented from flowing into the reservoir; the reservoir is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic; the water reservoir is a round water reservoir with the volume of 40m3The depth is 2 m; the top of the reservoir is provided with a cover body, and the cover body and the upper edge of the reservoir are provided with a lock head.
The advantages of this test:
the matched drainage facility in the test can effectively dredge the incoming water on the slope surface in time, fully reduces the scouring of the incoming water on the slope surface to the field surface and enhances the stability of the slope surface; the cistern can change domatic water into valuables, when keeping the rainwater, reduces to erode, can store the rainwater and use when preparing field surface crop irrigation to spout the medicine.
The test is an advanced water and soil loss treatment mode which controls water and soil loss, promotes the construction of standardized farmlands, promotes the mechanization of agriculture and effectively improves the productivity. Meanwhile, the test can well solve the problem of slope water source, and the water in the reservoir can be used as a water source field for water-saving irrigation in the planting and operation periods, so that the method is the most effective drainage basin water and soil loss control method for reducing the production cost.
The test is also the most fundamental and effective measure for comprehensively treating the water loss and the soil erosion aiming at protecting the black soil resources, guaranteeing the safety of the grains and guaranteeing the safety of the production and the life of farmers.
Claims (7)
1. A method for controlling the water and soil loss of a basin by adjusting the slope path is characterized in that the method for controlling the water and soil loss of the basin by adjusting the slope path is carried out according to the following steps:
a plurality of ridges are uniformly arranged on the slope surface from the upstream to the downstream, and a drainage groove is arranged in parallel at the position, close to the ridge, of the downstream of each ridge; digging a drainage ditch downwards on the ground at one side edge of the slope surface, wherein the drainage ditch is arranged from the upstream to the downstream along the slope surface and is parallel to the downslope direction; digging a grit chamber downwards on the bottom surface of the drainage ditch, and arranging the grit chambers at intervals of 3-5 ridges; a first water outlet and a first water inlet are arranged on the side wall of the drainage ditch far away from the ridge at the downstream of the grit chamber, and a layer of filter screen is arranged at the first water outlet; a reservoir is dug downwards on the ground at one side of the drainage ditch far away from the ridge, a second water outlet and a second water inlet are arranged on the side wall of the reservoir, and the second water outlet is higher than the second water inlet; the second water outlet is communicated with the first water inlet, and the first water outlet is communicated with the second water inlet; the number of the grit chambers, the first water outlets, the first water inlets, the second water outlets, the second water inlets and the water storage tanks is the same.
2. The method for controlling the soil and water loss of a drainage basin by regulating the slope surface radius according to claim 1, wherein a sand cushion layer with the thickness of 15 cm-20 cm is paved on the bottom surface of the drainage ditch, and then a U-shaped groove made of glass fiber reinforced plastics is placed on the sand cushion layer.
3. The method for controlling soil and water loss in a drainage basin by regulating the slope radius according to claim 1, wherein the width of the drainage ditch is 30cm to 35cm, and the depth of the drainage ditch is 30cm to 35 cm.
4. The method for controlling soil and water loss in a basin by regulating the slope radius according to claim 1, wherein the width of the grit chamber is consistent with the width of the drainage ditch, the length of the grit chamber is 1.5m, and the depth of the grit chamber is 20 cm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is a circular reservoir having a volume of 30m3～40m3The depth is 1 m-2 m.
7. The method for controlling the soil erosion and water loss of a watershed by adjusting the slope radius according to claim 1, wherein a cover body is arranged above the reservoir, and a lock head is arranged on the cover body and the upper edge of the reservoir.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911181732.4A CN110863499A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Method for controlling watershed water and soil loss by adjusting slope path |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911181732.4A CN110863499A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Method for controlling watershed water and soil loss by adjusting slope path |
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| CN110863499A true CN110863499A (en) | 2020-03-06 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1103916A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-06-21 | 黄尊景 | Method and structure for preventing the earth on slope being rushed out |
| CN104131572A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-11-05 | 福建农林大学 | Method for governing red soil strongly-eroded slope |
| CN104711993A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-06-17 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Water and soil conservation method for forest cutover land |
| CN107711461A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-02-23 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Arid area arbor integration irrigation system |
| CN109511455A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-26 | 西南大学 | A kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil |
-
2019
- 2019-11-27 CN CN201911181732.4A patent/CN110863499A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1103916A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-06-21 | 黄尊景 | Method and structure for preventing the earth on slope being rushed out |
| CN104131572A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-11-05 | 福建农林大学 | Method for governing red soil strongly-eroded slope |
| CN104711993A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-06-17 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Water and soil conservation method for forest cutover land |
| CN107711461A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-02-23 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Arid area arbor integration irrigation system |
| CN109511455A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-26 | 西南大学 | A kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 《湖北果树栽培技术手册》编写组: "《湖北果树栽培技术手册》", 28 February 1980, 湖北人民出版社 * |
| 徐建新: "《北方山丘区集雨节灌综合技术研究与应用》", 31 July 2006, 黄河水利出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20200306 |