CN110838609A - Power battery thermal runaway protection method, device and system - Google Patents
Power battery thermal runaway protection method, device and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110838609A CN110838609A CN201810929474.2A CN201810929474A CN110838609A CN 110838609 A CN110838609 A CN 110838609A CN 201810929474 A CN201810929474 A CN 201810929474A CN 110838609 A CN110838609 A CN 110838609A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of vehicle safety, and provides a thermal runaway protection method, a device and a system for a power battery, wherein the method comprises the steps of detecting whether a vehicle is in a power-off state in real time, and controlling a thermal runaway detection unit to work when the vehicle is in the power-off state so as to detect the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of a power battery pack; and then judging whether the thermal runaway fault occurs in the power battery pack according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit, if so, cutting off the power output of the power battery pack, and controlling a fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack. Therefore, thermal runaway accidents caused by external short circuit, backlog, puncture and the like due to the influence of external environment during the shutdown of the power battery pack are avoided by monitoring the thermal runaway condition when the power battery pack stops running.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vehicle safety, in particular to a thermal runaway protection method, device and system for a power battery.
Background
The safety of the power battery has a crucial influence on the new energy automobile, wherein the control of the thermal runaway of the power battery becomes a significant technical point of the new energy automobile. The existing scheme for controlling the thermal runaway of the power BATTERY mainly monitors the temperature of the power BATTERY through a BMS (Battery management System) (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM), the main working principle is that the temperature of each point in the power BATTERY is collected through a temperature sensor, whether the temperature of the power BATTERY reaches a critical value is judged after processing, if the temperature reaches the critical value, the BMS drives a relay in the power BATTERY through a communication system, a main loop of the power BATTERY is cut off, and the power BATTERY is stopped to run.
Practical application proves that the BMS is used for monitoring the temperature of the power battery pack to prevent thermal runaway, and the method has the following defects:
(1) the independence is insufficient: carry out temperature monitoring to power battery group through BMS, need guarantee BMS reliable operation, ensure battery management system power, communication, collection, the equal normal operating of procedure. The actual accident analysis shows that the BMS cannot normally work at the initial stage of the thermal runaway accident, so that the BMS cannot effectively process the thermal runaway accident in time, and further the thermal runaway accident is enlarged;
(2) insufficient real-time performance: the BMS monitors the temperature in the running process of the power battery pack, and statistically analyzes thermal runaway accidents, wherein part of the thermal runaway accidents occur during the stop running of the power battery pack, and the main reasons are external short circuit, extrusion and puncture caused by the influence of external environment;
(3) the reliability is insufficient: the BMS judges whether thermal runaway occurs or not through monitoring the temperature parameters of the power battery. Practical application proves that the dominant factors of the thermal runaway expression of the power battery not only comprise temperature abnormality, but also comprise dominant factors such as gas and smoke concentration, so that the thermal runaway is judged only by the temperature parameters, and the reliability of the detection result is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method, an apparatus, and a system for thermal runaway protection of a power battery, which are intended to avoid thermal runaway accidents occurring during shutdown of the power battery due to external short circuit, backlog, and puncture caused by external environmental influences by monitoring a thermal runaway condition when the power battery stops running.
In order to achieve the above object, the following solutions are proposed:
a thermal runaway protection method for a power battery comprises the following steps:
detecting whether the vehicle is in a power-off state, if so, sending a detection signal to a thermal runaway detection unit, wherein the thermal runaway detection unit is used for detecting the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack;
acquiring data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit;
and judging whether the power battery pack has a thermal runaway fault or not according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit, if so, sending a disconnection control signal to a power output loop of the power battery pack so as to cut off the power output of the power battery pack, and sending a trigger signal to a fire extinguishing device so as to control the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack.
A power battery thermal runaway protection device comprises:
the detection control unit is used for detecting whether the vehicle is in a power-off state or not, and if so, sending a detection signal to the thermal runaway detection unit, wherein the thermal runaway detection unit is used for detecting the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack;
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit;
and the fault monitoring unit is used for judging whether the power battery pack has a thermal runaway fault according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit, if so, sending a disconnection control signal to a power output loop of the power battery pack so as to cut off the power output of the power battery pack, and sending a trigger signal to the fire extinguishing device so as to control the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack.
A power cell thermal runaway protection system, comprising: the system comprises a thermal runaway detection unit, a thermal runaway management system, a fire extinguishing device, an electronic switch and a vehicle-mounted storage battery;
the thermal runaway detection unit is used for detecting the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack;
the electronic switch is connected in series with a power output loop of the power battery pack;
the vehicle-mounted storage battery is used for supplying power to the thermal runaway detection unit and the thermal runaway management system;
the thermal runaway management system is used for detecting whether a vehicle is in a power-off state, and if so, sending a detection signal to the thermal runaway detection unit; acquiring data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit; and judging whether the power battery pack has a thermal runaway fault or not according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit, if so, sending a disconnection control signal to the electronic switch to cut off the power output of the power battery pack, and sending a trigger signal to a fire extinguishing device to control the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack.
Optionally, the thermal runaway detection unit includes:
the gas sensor is used for detecting the concentration of gas emitted by the power battery pack when thermal runaway occurs;
the smoke sensor is used for detecting the smoke concentration in a battery pack, the battery pack is a closed space, N power battery packs are arranged in the battery pack, and N is a positive integer;
the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are used for detecting the temperature in the battery pack.
Optionally, the thermal runaway management system is further configured to detect whether the vehicle is in a charging state after detecting that the vehicle is in a power-off state; if the vehicle is in a charging state, sending a first closing signal to the thermal runaway detection unit so as to close one sensor in the thermal runaway detection unit; and if the vehicle is in a non-charging state, sending a second closing signal to the thermal runaway detection unit so as to close two sensors in the thermal runaway detection unit.
Optionally, the thermal runaway management system is further configured to detect whether the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted storage battery is lower than a preset first electric quantity threshold value after detecting that the vehicle is powered off, and if so, send an intermittent control signal to the thermal runaway detection unit, so that one sensor in the thermal runaway detection unit in a working state performs intermittent work.
Optionally, the thermal runaway management system is further configured to control the vehicle-mounted storage battery to enter a sleep state when the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted storage battery is lower than a preset first electric quantity threshold.
Optionally, the thermal runaway protection system for power battery further includes:
and the human-computer interaction module is connected with the thermal runaway management system and is used for outputting the fault information of the power battery pack.
Optionally, the thermal runaway management system is further configured to send fire extinguishing apparatus starting information to the human-computer interaction module after the fire extinguishing apparatus is started;
and the man-machine interaction module is also used for displaying when receiving the starting information of the fire extinguishing device.
Optionally, the thermal runaway management system is further configured to send a normal detection signal to the thermal runaway detection unit when the vehicle is in a power-on state, so that all sensors in the thermal runaway detection unit are in a working state.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the thermal runaway protection method for the power battery, whether the vehicle is in a power-off state or not is detected in real time, and when the vehicle is in the power-off state, the thermal runaway detection unit is controlled to work so as to detect the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack; and then judging whether the thermal runaway fault occurs in the power battery pack according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit, if so, cutting off the power output of the power battery pack, and controlling a fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack. Therefore, thermal runaway accidents caused by external short circuit, backlog, puncture and the like due to the influence of external environment during the shutdown of the power battery pack are avoided by monitoring the thermal runaway condition when the power battery pack stops running.
Furthermore, an electronic switch is connected in series with a power output loop of the power battery pack and is controlled by a thermal runaway management system, so that the power output of the power battery pack can be ensured to be cut off when a main relay of the power output loop of the power battery pack has adhesion fault.
And further, when the vehicle is in a power-on state, the thermal runaway detection unit is also controlled to work, and the thermal runaway detection is carried out on the power battery pack through the thermal runaway management system, so that the power output of the power battery pack can be cut off in time when the BMS cannot work normally, and the expansion of thermal runaway accidents is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a thermal runaway protection system for a power battery according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway protection system for a power battery according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another thermal runaway protection system for a power battery according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the transition between various modes of a thermal runaway management system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a thermal runaway protection method for a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a logic diagram of a thermal runaway protection device for a power battery according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The problem of BMS can't monitor power battery group when whole car is electrified and prevent the thermal runaway to take place is solved. According to the invention, the thermal runaway management system is arranged to monitor the power battery pack when the whole vehicle is powered off, so that the thermal runaway of the power battery pack occurs to cut off the power output of the power battery pack in time and extinguish the fire of the power battery pack through the fire extinguishing device, thereby avoiding the expansion of thermal runaway accidents; furthermore, an electronic switch is connected in series with a power output loop of the power battery pack and is controlled by a thermal runaway management system, so that the power output of the power battery pack can be ensured to be cut off when a main relay of the power output loop of the power battery pack has adhesion fault; and when the vehicle is in a power-on state, the thermal runaway detection is carried out on the power battery pack through the thermal runaway management system, so that the power output of the power battery pack can be cut off in time when the BMS cannot work normally, and the safety of personnel and the safety of the vehicle are further guaranteed.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present embodiment provides a thermal runaway protection system for a power battery, and referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the thermal runaway protection system for a power battery includes: the system comprises a thermal runaway detection unit 4, a thermal runaway management system 7, a fire extinguishing device 21, an electronic switch 22 and an on-vehicle storage battery 14.
And the thermal runaway detection unit 4 is used for detecting the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack 2. The thermal runaway detection unit 4 includes, but is not limited to: the gas sensor, the smoke sensor, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor. By detecting various thermal runaway dominant factors such as gas concentration, smoke concentration and temperature, the thermal runaway detection precision is improved, the expansion of thermal runaway accidents is effectively prevented, and the safety of personnel and vehicles is guaranteed. As needed, a plurality of thermal runaway detection units 4 are arranged in the battery pack 1, and as shown in fig. 1, each thermal runaway detection unit 4 may be respectively installed at different detection points in the battery pack 1 and respectively connected to the thermal runaway management system 7, so as to detect a thermal runaway as soon as possible.
And the gas sensor is used for detecting the concentration of gas emitted when the thermal runaway of the power battery pack 2 occurs. The battery pack 1 is a closed space and meets the protection of IP 67. When thermal runaway occurs in the power battery pack 2, special gas can be emitted, and the concentration of the special gas of the gas sensor is used for judging whether thermal runaway occurs or not by the thermal runaway management system 7. The steady state value of the vehicle is determined by a large amount of real vehicle collected data. The gas sensor is a semiconductor type sensor and consists of a heating part and a detection part, and the diagnosis mode of the detection part is short circuit and open circuit.
The smoke sensor is used for detecting the smoke concentration in the battery pack 1, the battery pack 1 is a closed space, the battery pack 1 comprises N power battery packs 2, and N is a positive integer. Smoke concentration is generally measured in the following three units. (1) Volume concentration: the volume concentration is the volume of the pollutant contained in the atmosphere per cubic meter (cubic centimeter or ml/m)3) Expressed, the usual expression is ppm; (2) mass-volume concentration: the concentration expressed as mass of pollutant per cubic meter of atmosphere is called mass-volume concentration, and the unit is milligram/cubic meter or gram/cubic meter; (3) optical density: the term "shading, light reduction or optical density" in%/m or% obs/m means the percentage of the light that is shaded by smoke particles at a distance of a unit of meter, when smoke is present, the light will be shaded by the smoke, the higher the smoke density, the more attenuated the light, whereas in very clean air the light will be hardly attenuated.
The smoke sensor used in this embodiment is an ion type smoke sensor, and is measured by optical concentration. The smoke sensor output signal is 0/1. The smoke concentration of the smoke sensor is set as a threshold value which is an empirical value obtained through a plurality of tests. The optical concentration of the common cigarette is about 3-6%/m, the smoke generated when the power battery pack 2 is out of control due to heat is larger than the concentration of the common cigarette, and the smoke concentration is generally larger than 15%/m after the single battery is out of control due to heat. To achieve sensitive detection of smoke, the smoke detection concentration of the smoke sensor is set at 2%/m.
The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are both used for detecting the temperature in the battery pack 1. In the present embodiment, both Temperature sensors are NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) Temperature sensors. When the two temperature sensors work, if the working states of the two temperature sensors are normal, the detection result of the temperature sensor with the larger detection value in the two temperature sensors is selected and output to the thermal runaway management system 4; when the two temperature sensors work, if the working states of the two temperature sensors are abnormal, the detection result of the temperature sensor with the normal working state is selected and output to the thermal runaway management system 4; if the working states of the two temperature sensors are abnormal, outputting a sensor abnormal signal to the thermal runaway management system 4.
And the vehicle-mounted storage battery 14 is used for supplying power to the thermal runaway detection unit 4 and the thermal runaway management system 7. Referring to fig. 3, a DC/DC converter may be further provided, connected between the power battery pack 2 and the vehicle-mounted storage battery 14, for charging the vehicle-mounted storage battery 14 by using the power battery pack 2 when the power battery pack 2 is in operation and the power of the vehicle-mounted storage battery 14 is lower than a preset second power threshold.
And the thermal runaway management system 7 is used for starting the thermal runaway detection unit 4 when the vehicle is in a power-off state, cutting off the power output of the power battery pack 2 and starting the fire extinguishing device 21 to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack 2 when judging that the power battery pack 2 has a thermal runaway fault according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit 4.
The thermal runaway protection system for the power battery provided by the embodiment monitors the thermal runaway fault of the power battery pack 2 of the vehicle in real time when the vehicle is in a power-off state; when a vehicle is in a power-on state, the conventional BMS monitoring system monitors the thermal runaway fault of a power battery pack 2 of the vehicle in real time; the combination of the two realizes the full-cycle monitoring of the power battery pack 2. The conventional BMS monitoring system includes BMS6, CMU (Cell monitor Unit) 3, and a temperature sensor. Also shown in fig. 1 are a connection harness 5, MSD (Manual Service Disconnect) 8, a high-voltage charging interface 9, a main positive relay 10, BDU (Battery Disconnect Unit) 11, an electronic switch 22, a main negative relay 12, and a high-voltage discharging interface 13 inside the Battery pack.
The power battery thermal runaway protection system that this embodiment provided includes: a thermal runaway detection unit 4, a thermal runaway management system 7, and an on-board battery 14. The thermal runaway detection units 4 are distributed, and the thermal runaway detection units 4 are placed at multiple positions in the battery pack 1 and are monitored at multiple points. Various sensors such as temperature, gas and smoke are integrated in the thermal runaway detection unit 4, and detection of various battery thermal runaway conditions is achieved. The thermal runaway detection unit 4 feeds back the detected data to the thermal runaway management system 7; the thermal runaway management system 7 analyzes and processes the current detection data to determine whether thermal runaway occurs in the power battery pack 2, and when thermal runaway occurs, cuts off the power output of the power battery, that is, turns off the electronic switch 22 and starts the fire extinguishing device 21 to extinguish fire in the power battery pack 2. Therefore, thermal runaway accidents caused by external short circuit, backlog, puncture and the like due to the influence of external environment during the shutdown of the power battery pack are avoided by monitoring the thermal runaway condition when the power battery pack stops running.
The electronic switch 22 may be specifically a relay, a normally closed contact of the relay is connected in series to a power output loop of the power battery pack, when the power battery pack 2 has a thermal runaway fault, the thermal runaway management system 7 sends an electrical signal to a coil of the relay, the coil of the relay is energized, the normally closed contact of the relay is disconnected, and the power output of the power battery is cut off. An electronic switch 22 is connected in series with a power output loop of the power battery pack and is controlled by a thermal runaway management system 7, so that the power output of the power battery pack can be ensured to be cut off when main relays (10 and 12) of the power output loop of the power battery pack have adhesion faults.
Further, the thermal runaway protection system for the power battery may further include a human-computer interaction module connected to the thermal runaway management system 7, and configured to output fault information of the power battery pack 2. Specifically, the thermal runaway management system 7 feeds back a latent stage, a visible smoke stage and a high-temperature stage in the thermal runaway process to the user through the human-computer interaction module in real time. The man-machine interaction module can be a vehicle-mounted display or an instrument panel and the like. The thermal runaway management system 7 is also used for sending fire extinguishing device starting information to the man-machine interaction module after the fire extinguishing device 21 is started; and the man-machine interaction module is also used for displaying when receiving the starting information of the fire extinguishing device.
Further, the thermal runaway management system 7 is further configured to send a normal detection signal to the thermal runaway detection unit 4 when the vehicle is in a power-on state, so that all sensors in the thermal runaway detection unit 4 are in a working state. Like this when the vehicle is in the power-on state, thermal runaway management system 7 monitors the thermal runaway trouble with BMS6 jointly, and then can be when BMS6 can not normally work, in time cuts off the major loop of power battery group 2 through thermal runaway management system 7, has further ensured the safety of personnel with the vehicle.
Optionally, the thermal runaway management system 7 is further configured to detect whether the vehicle is in a charging state after detecting that the vehicle is in a power-off state, and detect whether the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted storage battery 14 is lower than a preset first electric quantity threshold; when the vehicle is powered off and in a charging state, sending a first shutdown signal to the thermal runaway detection unit 4 to shut down one sensor in the thermal runaway detection unit 4; when the vehicle is powered down and not in a charging state, a second shutdown signal is sent to the thermal runaway detection unit 4 to shut down two sensors in the thermal runaway detection unit 4.
The thermal runaway management system 7 is further configured to send an intermittent control signal when the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted storage battery 14 is lower than a preset first electric quantity threshold, so that one sensor in the thermal runaway detection unit 4 in the working state performs intermittent working.
The thermal runaway management system 7 is further configured to control the vehicle-mounted storage battery 14 to enter a sleep state when the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted storage battery is lower than a preset first electric quantity threshold.
BMS can't monitor power battery group 2 and prevent the emergence of thermal runaway when putting the electric state in order car, and the power battery thermal runaway protection system that this embodiment provided can get into the low-power consumption mode when putting the electric state in order car. And the power battery thermal runaway protection system enters a low power consumption mode and is judged through a power supply identification line. The thermal runaway management system 7 can determine the current state of the vehicle through the power identification line. The power identification line is also a power line of the BMS in this embodiment. When the vehicle key is in ACC and ON gear, the vehicle is in a power-ON state, and the voltage of the power identification line is high level; when the vehicle key is in the OFF gear, the vehicle is in a power-OFF state, and the voltage of the power identification line is at a low level.
When the vehicle key is in the OFF gear and the vehicle is in a charging state, the charging gun is connected with the power supply identification line, and the power supply identification line is still at a high level at the moment. However, the thermal runaway management system 7 does not send CAN (Controller area network) data to the vehicle CAN bus at this time, so as to avoid waking up the entire vehicle CAN. When detecting that the power identification line is at a high level, the thermal runaway management system 7 needs to receive a timing message sent by the vehicle controller at a fixed time per second, and if the message is not received within a specified time (which may be set to 4S), it is determined that the vehicle is powered off and in a charging state.
When the vehicle key is in an ON gear, namely a power switch is in an ON state, the power battery thermal runaway protection system enters a normal mode; in the normal mode, all sensors of the thermal runaway detection unit 4 operate normally, and the CAN of the thermal runaway management system 7 communicates normally.
The low power consumption mode of the thermal runaway protection system of the power battery specifically comprises a primary sleep mode, a secondary sleep mode and a deep sleep mode. In the first-level sleep mode, the thermal runaway management system 7 closes the CAN communication and closes the second temperature sensor; only the smoke sensor, the gas sensor and the first temperature sensor operate. In the secondary sleep mode, the thermal runaway management system 7 turns off the CAN communication and turns off the second temperature sensor and the gas sensor, working only with the smoke sensor and the first temperature sensor. In the deep sleep mode, the thermal runaway management system 7 closes the CAN communication, the second temperature sensor and the gas sensor, and the thermal runaway management system 7 enters a STOP (sleep) mode and the smoke sensor enters an intermittent working mode, i.e., works for a period of time and then STOPs working for a period of time in each cycle process, so that the power consumption is low, and the power shortage of the vehicle-mounted storage battery 14 cannot occur.
When the power supply identification line is detected to be at a high level and the timing message of the whole vehicle controller is not received within a specified time, entering a dormant state; specifically, the entering of the multi-level sleep mode is determined according to the situation, the first-level sleep mode is entered if the vehicle is in a charging state, the second-level sleep mode is entered if the vehicle is in a non-charging state and the vehicle-mounted storage battery is higher than a preset electric quantity threshold value, and the deep sleep mode is entered if the vehicle is in a non-charging state and the vehicle-mounted storage battery is lower than the preset electric quantity threshold value. Fig. 4 shows a transition diagram between the respective modes.
The thermal runaway management system 7 comprises a gas concentration trend module, a composite judgment module, a constant temperature judgment module, a temperature rise module and the like. The gas concentration trend judging module analyzes whether the gas concentration has an ascending trend according to the data collected by the gas sensor; the composite judgment module comprehensively judges according to data acquired by three sensors, namely a gas sensor, a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor and the like to obtain an early warning level; the constant temperature judging module analyzes the temperature grade according to the data collected by the temperature sensor; the temperature rise module analyzes whether the temperature has an ascending trend or not according to the data acquired by the temperature sensor; and the thermal runaway management system 7 outputs the control state of the main relay and the early warning state of the man-machine interaction module according to the judgment result of the composite judgment module. The human-computer interaction module also outputs the analysis results of the gas concentration trend module, the constant temperature judgment module and the temperature rise module in real time.
The following is an example of the composite judgment module performing composite judgment according to the output results of the three types of sensors:
in this embodiment, the temperature sensor threshold is set at 60 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 70 deg.C, and 75 deg.C. The temperature grade is 0 when the temperature is below 60 ℃; when the temperature is in the range of [60 ℃, 65 ℃), the temperature grade is 1; when the temperature is in the range of [65 ℃, 70 ℃), the temperature grade is 2; when the temperature is in the range of 70 ℃ and 75 ℃, the temperature grade is 3; the temperature grade is 4 when the temperature is more than or equal to 75 ℃.
The gas concentration level is set similarly to the temperature level, and will not be described again. The early warning level 0 represents a normal situation without warning measures. The early warning levels 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent that an alarm fault occurs, the electronic switch 22 is switched off, and the human-computer interaction device outputs a fault alarm.
The embodiment provides a thermal runaway protection method for a power battery, and referring to fig. 5, the method includes the steps of:
s11: detecting whether the vehicle is in a power-off state, if so, executing step S12;
s12: sending a detection signal to the thermal runaway detection unit 4;
after receiving the detection signal, the thermal runaway detection unit 4 starts to detect the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack.
S13: acquiring data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit 4;
s14: judging whether the power battery pack 2 has a thermal runaway fault according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit 4, if so, executing step S15;
s15: sending a disconnection control signal to a power output loop of the power battery pack to cut off the power output of the power battery pack, and sending a trigger signal to a fire extinguishing device to control the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack.
According to the thermal runaway protection method for the power battery, whether the vehicle is in a power-off state or not is detected in real time, and when the vehicle is in the power-off state, the thermal runaway detection unit is controlled to work so as to detect the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack; and then judging whether the thermal runaway fault occurs in the power battery pack according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit, if so, cutting off the power output of the power battery pack, and controlling a fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack. Therefore, thermal runaway accidents caused by external short circuit, backlog, puncture and the like due to the influence of external environment during the shutdown of the power battery pack are avoided by monitoring the thermal runaway condition when the power battery pack stops running.
The present embodiment also provides a thermal runaway protection device for power battery, referring to fig. 6, the device includes: a detection control unit 11, a data acquisition unit 12, and a failure monitoring unit 13.
The detection control unit 11 is used for detecting whether the vehicle is in a power-off state, if so, sending a detection signal to the thermal runaway detection unit 4, and the thermal runaway detection unit 4 is used for detecting the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack;
a data acquisition unit 12, configured to acquire data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit 4;
and the fault monitoring unit 13 is used for judging whether the power battery pack 2 has a thermal runaway fault according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit 4, if so, sending a disconnection control signal to a power output loop of the power battery pack so as to cut off the power output of the power battery pack, and sending a trigger signal to a fire extinguishing device so as to control the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A thermal runaway protection method for a power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
detecting whether the vehicle is in a power-off state, if so, sending a detection signal to a thermal runaway detection unit, wherein the thermal runaway detection unit is used for detecting the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack;
acquiring data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit;
and judging whether the power battery pack has a thermal runaway fault or not according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit, if so, sending a disconnection control signal to a power output loop of the power battery pack so as to cut off the power output of the power battery pack, and sending a trigger signal to a fire extinguishing device so as to control the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack.
2. A thermal runaway protection device for a power battery is characterized by comprising:
the detection control unit is used for detecting whether the vehicle is in a power-off state or not, and if so, sending a detection signal to the thermal runaway detection unit, wherein the thermal runaway detection unit is used for detecting the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack;
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit;
and the fault monitoring unit is used for judging whether the power battery pack has a thermal runaway fault according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit, if so, sending a disconnection control signal to a power output loop of the power battery pack so as to cut off the power output of the power battery pack, and sending a trigger signal to the fire extinguishing device so as to control the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack.
3. A power battery thermal runaway protection system, comprising: the system comprises a thermal runaway detection unit, a thermal runaway management system, a fire extinguishing device, an electronic switch and a vehicle-mounted storage battery;
the thermal runaway detection unit is used for detecting the temperature, the gas concentration and/or the smoke concentration of the power battery pack;
the electronic switch is connected in series with a power output loop of the power battery pack;
the vehicle-mounted storage battery is used for supplying power to the thermal runaway detection unit and the thermal runaway management system;
the thermal runaway management system is used for detecting whether a vehicle is in a power-off state, and if so, sending a detection signal to the thermal runaway detection unit; acquiring data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit; and judging whether the power battery pack has a thermal runaway fault or not according to the data detected by the thermal runaway detection unit, if so, sending a disconnection control signal to the electronic switch to cut off the power output of the power battery pack, and sending a trigger signal to a fire extinguishing device to control the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire of the power battery pack.
4. The power battery thermal runaway protection system of claim 3, wherein the thermal runaway detection unit comprises:
the gas sensor is used for detecting the concentration of gas emitted by the power battery pack when thermal runaway occurs;
the smoke sensor is used for detecting the smoke concentration in a battery pack, the battery pack is a closed space, N power battery packs are arranged in the battery pack, and N is a positive integer;
the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are used for detecting the temperature in the battery pack.
5. The power battery thermal runaway protection system of claim 4, wherein the thermal runaway management system is further configured to detect whether the vehicle is in a charging state after detecting that the vehicle is in a power-down state; if the vehicle is in a charging state, sending a first closing signal to the thermal runaway detection unit so as to close one sensor in the thermal runaway detection unit; and if the vehicle is in a non-charging state, sending a second closing signal to the thermal runaway detection unit so as to close two sensors in the thermal runaway detection unit.
6. The power battery thermal runaway protection system of claim 4 or 5, wherein the thermal runaway management system is further configured to detect whether the electric quantity of the vehicle-mounted storage battery is lower than a preset first electric quantity threshold value after detecting that the vehicle is powered off, and if so, send an intermittent control signal to the thermal runaway detection unit so that one sensor in the thermal runaway detection unit in the working state performs intermittent operation.
7. The power battery thermal runaway protection system of claim 6, wherein the thermal runaway management system is further configured to control the on-board battery to enter a sleep state when the charge level of the on-board battery is lower than a preset first charge level threshold.
8. The power battery thermal runaway protection system of claim 3, further comprising:
and the human-computer interaction module is connected with the thermal runaway management system and is used for outputting the fault information of the power battery pack.
9. The power battery thermal runaway protection system of claim 8, wherein the thermal runaway management system is further configured to send fire extinguishing device activation information to the human-computer interaction module after the fire extinguishing device is activated;
and the man-machine interaction module is also used for displaying when receiving the starting information of the fire extinguishing device.
10. The power battery thermal runaway protection system of claim 4, wherein the thermal runaway management system is further configured to send a normal detection signal to a thermal runaway detection unit when the vehicle is in a powered-on state, so that all sensors in the thermal runaway detection unit are in an operating state.
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