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CN110785571A - 具有润滑剂的滚动轴承 - Google Patents

具有润滑剂的滚动轴承 Download PDF

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CN110785571A
CN110785571A CN201880041411.1A CN201880041411A CN110785571A CN 110785571 A CN110785571 A CN 110785571A CN 201880041411 A CN201880041411 A CN 201880041411A CN 110785571 A CN110785571 A CN 110785571A
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lubricant
ring
rolling bearing
rolling
vanadium
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CN110785571B (zh
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米歇尔·保施
斯文·克劳斯
沃尔特·霍尔韦格
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
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    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C10M2207/1265—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic used as thickening agent
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    • C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种滚动轴承(1)，该滚动轴承具有由圈材料构造的内圈(2)和外圈(3)，其中，内圈(2)在外周面上并且外圈(3)在内周面上分别具有用于引导滚动体(6)的滚道(4、5)，其中，滚动体(6)在各自的滚道(4、5)上滚动，并且其中，空间上在内圈(2)与外圈(3)之间布置有润滑剂(7)，润滑剂至少接触内圈(2)和/或外圈(3)，其中，圈材料至少包括如下合金组成部分：铁、碳、铬、钼和钒。根据本发明，铬、钼、钒的重量份额之比是1比至少0.8至最高1.5比至少0.5至最高1.3。

Description

具有润滑剂的滚动轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种滚动轴承，该滚动轴承具有内圈、外圈、空间上布置在内圈与外圈之间的滚动体和用于润滑和冷却滚动体与各自的轴承圈之间的滚动接触部的润滑剂。
背景技术
尤其是支承快速转动的轴的滚动轴承的其中一个重要的失效机制是润滑剂的很短的使用寿命。滚动体与各自的轴承圈之间的滚动接触部中的润滑不足尤其是由于摩擦过载和高的运行温度引起。促进润滑不足的机制例如是高的旋滚比，其尤其是导致滚动体与各自的轴承圈之间的更高的滑差。由此尤其是负面地改变润滑剂的粘性。此外，润滑剂的老化导致润滑剂越来越硬。因为滚动轴承中的润滑剂通常被挤压到尽可能不受滚动体组干扰的区域中，所以在润滑剂硬化时，来自润滑剂的基础油到滚动接触部的输出趋势降低。这导致取决于油输出的润滑不足。这两个润滑不足原因经常同时发生，并且通常导致润滑剂的快速的、自身增强的破坏过程或导致滚动轴承的锁死。
快速转动是指转速超过每分钟一百万转，其中，n×dm是适用的，其中，n是转速，dm是平均轴承直径。例如，在平均轴承直径为100mm时，快速转动理解为10000转/分钟。
发明内容
本发明的任务是继续改进滚动轴承，并且尤其是提高包含在其中的润滑剂的使用寿命。
该任务通过具有权利要求1的特征的滚动轴承解决。本发明的优选的或有利的实施方式由从属权利要求、随后的描述和附图得到。
根据本发明的滚动轴承包括由圈材料构造的内圈和外圈，其中，内圈在外周面上并且外圈在内周面上分别具有用于引导滚动体的滚道，其中，滚动体在各自的滚道上滚动，并且其中，空间上在内圈与外圈之间布置有润滑剂，润滑剂至少接触内圈和/或外圈，其中，圈材料至少包括如下合金组成部分：铁、碳、铬、钼和钒，并且其中，铬、钼、钒的重量份额之比是1比至少0.8至最高1.5比至少0.5至最高1.3。钼、钒的重量份额之比尤其是至少1比最高3。
换言之，Cr的重量份额:Mo的重量份额:V的重量份额是1:0.8～1.5:0.5～1.3。此外，Mo的重量份额:V的重量份额是1:3。因此，滚动轴承内、尤其是快速转动的主轴轴承内的润滑剂的使用寿命可以得到延长，其方法是通过铬、钼、钒的重量份额调节润滑剂的氧化，从而对从润滑剂到内圈或外圈上的滚道的油流动进行控制，以便润滑滚动接触部。
氧化理解为提高润滑剂或包含在其中的基础油的流动性。通常，润滑剂的氧化是不期望的过程，因为润滑剂的氧化导致润滑剂的更快速的析油。析油理解为基础油从润滑剂逸出。通过圈材料内的铬、钒、钼的适当的配比来控制润滑剂的氧化，其中，避免硬化，并且同时实现润滑剂的缓慢且有针对性的析油。为此，润滑剂接触圈材料。
优选地，铬、钼、钒的重量份额之比是1比至少1.1至最高1.3比至少0.65至最高0.85。换言之，Cr的重量份额:Mo的重量份额:V的重量份额是1:1.1～1.3:0.65～0.85。该优选的铬、钼、钒的重量份额之比进一步提高润滑剂的使用寿命。
优选地，钼、钒的重量份额之比是至少1.25比最高1.8。因此，Mo的重量份额:V的重量份额是1.25:1.8。该优选的钼、钒的重量份额之比进一步提高润滑剂的使用寿命。
此外优选地，滚动轴承由陶瓷材料或圈材料构造。通过组合由根据本发明的圈材料形成的内圈和外圈与由陶瓷材料构成的滚动体，对润滑剂的需求下降，这是因为金属-陶瓷配对与金属-金属相比在相同的几何结构和负载中构造出更小的接触面。此外，粘性的和研磨性的磨损过程通过金属-陶瓷材料配对来抑制。
本发明包括如下技术教导，即润滑剂包括聚α烯烃或酯油作为基础油。优选地，润滑剂包括聚芳基尿素、锂复合皂或钡复合皂作为增稠剂。
根据优选的实施例，润滑剂是具有根据DIN 51825的规范KEHC3K-50的主轴轴承油脂。使用温度范围根据DIN 51825是在-50℃至120℃。在40℃时的基础油粘性根据DIN51562-1是22mm2/s。此外，工作针入度(1/10mm)根据DIN ISO 2137是在220～250。根据DIN51818的NLGI等级是3。根据DIN ISO 2176的滴点是在250℃以上。
根据另外的优选的实施例，润滑剂是具有根据DIN 51825的规范KPHC2/3K-40的主轴轴承油脂。使用温度范围根据DIN 51825是在-40℃至120℃。在40℃时的基础油粘性根据DIN 51562-1是25mm2/s。此外，工作针入度(1/10mm)根据DIN ISO 2137是在220～250。根据DIN 51818的NLGI等级是2或3。根据DIN ISO 2176的滴点是在220℃以上。
附图说明
改进本发明的另外的措施随后和对本发明的优选实施例的描述一起借助附图详细示出。在此：
图1示出根据本发明的滚动轴承的示意性的立体图；和
图2示出具有根据图1的滚动轴承且具有轴的轴承布置方案的示意性的局部剖视图。
具体实施方式
根据图1，用于在此未示出的机床的根据本发明的滚动轴承1包括内圈2和外圈3以及径向地布置在内圈2与外圈3之间的作为滚动体6的球。滚动体6通过保持架8引导。滚动轴承1构造为深沟球轴承。
在图2中，图1的滚动轴承1支承轴9。轴9当前构造为机床的主轴。内圈2在外周面具有用于引导滚动体6的滚道4。此外，外圈3也在内周面具有用于引导滚动体6的滚道5。滚动体6在各自的滚道4、5上在内圈2与外圈3之间滚动，其中，滚动体6由陶瓷材料构造。此外，空间上在内圈2与外圈3之间布置有润滑剂7，用于润滑和冷却内圈2与滚动体6之间的和外圈3与滚动体6之间的滚动接触部。润滑剂7不仅接触内圈2和外圈3，而且还接触滚动体6。
内圈2和外圈3由圈材料构造，其中，圈材料至少包括如下合金组成部分：铁、碳、铬、钼和钒。铬、钼、钒的重量份额之比是1比至少0.8至最高1.5比至少0.5至最高1.3。钼、钒的重量份额之比是至少1比最高3。润滑剂7包括聚α烯烃作为基础油和聚芳基尿素作为增稠剂。通过圈材料内的铬、钒和钼的重量份额的适当的配比来控制润滑剂7的氧化，其中，避免硬化，并且同时实现来自润滑剂7的基础油的适当的流动。由此，滚动轴承1内的润滑剂7的使用寿命得到延长。
附图标记列表
1 滚动轴承
2 内圈
3 外圈
4 滚道
5 滚道
6 球
7 润滑剂
8 保持架
9 轴

Claims (8)

1.滚动轴承(1)，所述滚动轴承具有由圈材料构造的内圈(2)和外圈(3)，其中，所述内圈(2)在外周面上并且所述外圈(3)在内周面上分别具有用于引导滚动体(6)的滚道(4、5)，其中，所述滚动体(6)在各自的滚道(4、5)上滚动，并且其中，空间上在所述内圈(2)与所述外圈(3)之间布置有润滑剂(7)，所述润滑剂至少接触所述内圈(2)和/或所述外圈(3)，其中，所述圈材料至少包括如下合金组成部分：铁、碳、铬、钼和钒，其特征在于，铬、钼、钒的重量份额之比是1比至少0.8至最高1.5比至少0.5至最高1.3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承(1)，其特征在于，钼、钒的重量份额之比是至少1比最高3。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承(1)，其特征在于，铬、钼、钒的重量份额之比是1比至少1.1至最高1.3比至少0.65至最高0.85。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承(1)，其特征在于，钼、钒的重量份额之比是至少1.25比最高1.8。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承(1)，其特征在于，所述滚动体(6)由陶瓷材料或所述圈材料构造。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承(1)，其特征在于，所述润滑剂(7)包括聚α烯烃或酯油作为基础油。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承(1)，其特征在于，所述润滑剂(7)包括聚芳基尿素、锂复合皂或钡复合皂作为增稠剂。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的滚动轴承(1)用于支承主轴或用于支承压缩机轴或用于支承转子轴的用途。
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