CN110740729A - 致癌抑制剂 - Google Patents
致癌抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110740729A CN110740729A CN201880039160.3A CN201880039160A CN110740729A CN 110740729 A CN110740729 A CN 110740729A CN 201880039160 A CN201880039160 A CN 201880039160A CN 110740729 A CN110740729 A CN 110740729A
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供没有副作用、经口给药时具有优异的效果的致癌抑制剂。本发明的含有乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐作为有效成分的致癌抑制剂显示出抑制息肉形成作用、细胞增殖抑制作用,另外没有副作用、安全性高,因此作为预防癌症的发生、进展以及抑制癌症的复发、转移、进而发挥治疗效果的药剂、补充剂等食品有用性非常高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的新颖药物用途,具体而言,涉及一种致癌抑制剂,其含有乙内酰脲衍生物及其药学上允许的盐中的至少1种作为有效成分。
背景技术
由于世界范围内的社会高龄化、饮食生活的欧美化、吸烟习惯等因素,预测以日本为首全世界的癌症患者数今后将持续增加。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)整理的“世界癌症报告书2014”,全世界的癌症患者数正在从2012年时的1400万人起每年持续增加,推测到2025年将达到1900万人,在2035年将达到2400万人。另一方面,在治疗癌症时使用外科疗法、放射线疗法、化学疗法、温热疗法、免疫疗法、光动力学疗法等各种治疗方法,仍然不存在可完全治愈任何癌症的治疗方法。即使癌症治疗看上去顺利,但外科手术情况下的未彻底切除的癌细胞、化学疗法和放射线疗法等情况下的暂时缩小的癌细胞有时会再次在相同或附近的位置增殖(以下称为“复发”。)。另外,也有时在不同于原位置的其它位置出现相同的癌症(以下称为“转移”。)。由于这些原因,目前的现状是想要彻底治疗任何癌症都是不可能的。因此,在医疗现场强烈期待出现一种防止尤其难以治疗的癌症的复发、转移的有效手段。
由于上述情况,近年来,相较于罹患癌症后的治疗,益发重视预防癌症的发生或降低癌症发生的可能性、即致癌抑制的观点。最众所周知的致癌抑制手段为禁烟、改善饮食等生活习惯的改善。例如,1996年由哈佛大学的癌症预防中心发表的美国人的癌症死亡原因中,吸烟占30%,饮食也同样升至30%。另一方面,正在研究积极服用维生素剂、药剂等化学预防(Chemoprevention)的有用性。作为化学预防的对象,可列举罹患癌症的可能性高的高风险组,例如吸烟者、由于遗传或职业而罹患癌症的可能性高的人、有大肠息肉等癌前病变的人、暂时结束了癌症治疗的人等。对于这种化学预防而言,当然要证明有效性,另外副作用风险低这一点也是采用的条件。另外,如果化学预防能够通过日常生活中可容易地服用或经口摄取的药剂或食品(例如补充剂、健康食品等)来进行则非常简便,因此是优选的。如果实现优异的癌症化学预防,则对于担心癌症的发生的者、担心癌症的复发·转移的患者来说必然会成为极大的福音。另外认为,癌症化学预防的普及会大幅提高癌症治疗成绩(生存期延长效果),并且由于避免重复的手术、不需要昂贵的抗癌症剂处方等而有助于降低医疗费、癌症患者可以继续工作而有助于抑制社会性损失。
在用于该癌症化学预防的药剂的开发中,药物重定位(Drug repositioning)的思考方法越来越引人注目。药物重定位是指:从人体中的安全性、体内过程等已经建立或确认的现有药物、开发过程中的药物中发现不同于以往已知药效的其它新药效并进行实用化的研究方法。由于市售而有人体中的使用实绩、已确认临床水平的安全性和体内过程而带来的“可靠性”和可以使用很多现有数据的“低成本性”是药剂开发方面的最大优点。
通过目前世界范围内所进行的癌症研究,对于致癌初期的相关因子、与这些因子有关的重要的信号转导途径也了解了很多信息。作为与信号转导途径高度相关的癌前症状,可列举“炎症”、“氧化应激”及“维持未分化性”,这些可通过某特定转录因子介导的转录调节来表征。因此认为调控这些转录调节有可能实现致癌抑制,期待抗炎症物质、抗氧化物质可成为致癌抑制剂的候选物质。实际上,到目前为止,国际肿瘤研究机构(IARC)已经对于舒林酸、吲哚美辛等抗炎症剂、β-胡萝卜素、视黄酸等抗氧化剂评价了有无癌症预防效果。但是,遗憾的是,这些被评价物质目前几乎都没有足够的科学依据证明具有癌症预防效果。
作为本发明致癌抑制剂的有效成分的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐(以下也称为“本化合物”。另外,本申请中简单称为“化合物”的情况下,有时也包含其药学上允许的盐。)是本申请的申请人日本脏器制药株式会社发现的具有植物生长调节作用的新物质。根据此后的研究,报道了本化合物具有降血糖作用、降脂质作用等药理作用且低毒性、几乎无副作用(日本特开昭57-114578号、日本特开昭60-188373号、日本特开昭61-122275号、日本特开昭62-45525号、日本特开昭62-14号、日本特开平1-75473号、日本特开平1-299276号公报等)。另外,对于本化合物的其它药物用途,还提出了作为尿毒症毒素减少剂(日本特开平3-72463号公报)、难治性血管炎治疗剂(日本特开2000-212083号公报、低白蛋白血症改善剂(日本特开2002-241283号公报)、慢性肾病的进展抑制或改善剂(国际公开WO2015/129750号公报))的专利申请,并且公开了其效果。
需要说明的是,在作为慢性肾脏病治疗药进行开发的临床试验中,已确认了本化合物在人体中的高安全性。
另外,专利文献1公开了本化合物作为活性氧·自由基清除剂有用。如上所述,已知抗氧化物质对于致癌抑制可能有效。但是,实际上目前的现状是,抗氧化物质未必会发挥致癌抑制效果,仅对于部分抗氧化物质确认到致癌抑制效果。另外,即使是发挥致癌抑制效果的抗氧化物质,也存在不是基于抗氧化作用、而是基于抗炎症作用或酶抑制作用发挥致癌抑制效果的物质。可认为,这样的抗氧化物质不是与上述的“炎症”、“氧化应激”及“维持未分化性”的癌前症状中的“氧化应激”有关,而是与“炎症”、“维持未分化性”有关,从而抑制从癌前症状进展为癌症。
专利文献1中对于本化合物具有致癌抑制效果这一点没有任何的记载和启示。如上所述,已获知即使是作为所谓的抗氧化剂而已知的物质也未必发挥致癌抑制效果。另外,抗氧化剂之外的抗炎症剂、酶抑制剂等各种物质也可能会成为致癌抑制剂的候选物质,但是该物质实际具有致癌抑制效果且其能够经口给药或摄取、副作用风险低则是非常罕见的。如后所述,本化合物可成为满足这样的几个条件的优异致癌抑制剂。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平9-227377号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于,提供一种具有包括癌症的初发·复发·转移在内的、预防癌症发生或减少发生的可能性(概率)(本申请中称为“致癌抑制”。)的效果且副作用风险低、能够经口给药或摄取的致癌抑制剂。特别地,通过将本发明致癌抑制剂给予至致癌风险高的人、癌症治疗中或治疗后的患者或使其摄取而能够抑制癌症的发生、复发或转移。作为其剂型,最优选的是可服用(经口给药)的药剂、可经口摄取的补充剂等食品。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人们对癌症的化学预防剂反复进行了深入研究。此次在使用下述通式(I)所示的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐(本化合物)进行向家族性大肠腺瘤症模型的Min小鼠经口给药的药理试验时,确认本化合物抑制肠管上皮粘膜组织及其息肉部位的细胞增殖相关因子c-Myc、CDK-4及细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)的表达、抑制该息肉部位的细胞增殖能力。另外,还确认促进该Min小鼠的肠管上皮粘膜组织中的抗氧化相关因子Gpx2的表达。另一方面,确认本化合物可清除用作为自由基产生剂的过氧化氢(H2O2)处置时在人大肠癌细胞HCT-116中产生的Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS,活性氧种),给Keap1-Nrf2通路的转录调节系统带来变化。这些事实表明,本发明人们已经由实验确认了本化合物具有优异的致癌抑制作用。
另一方面,在过去的研究中已经确认了本化合物在大鼠、狗等动物中的安全性,而且还确认了在人体中的安全性,从而也符合作为癌症化学预防剂应予重视的、副作用风险低的条件。而且迄今为止已确认作为ROS清除剂有用的物质中,作为剂型,仅有静脉注射剂,而本化合物在经口给药中显示有效的作用,因此在给药·摄取方面便利性高。这些事实表明,本发明致癌抑制剂不仅能够作为药品使用,而且还可以作为食品(健康食品、补充剂等)使用。需要说明的是,本发明致癌抑制剂不仅可用于人,而且还可以用于动物(特别是哺乳动物),本发明致癌抑制剂不限于人用。以上事实表明,本发明人们发现本化合物可成为优异的致癌抑制剂,从而完成了本发明。即,本发明涉及以下事项,但完全不受这些限定。
(1)一种致癌抑制剂,其含有下述通式(I)所示的乙内酰脲衍生物及其药学上允许的盐中的至少一种作为有效成分。
〔式(I)中,R1及R2分别相同或不同,表示氢、烷基、环烷基或者可被1或2个卤素、硝基、烷基或烷氧基取代的苄基,X及Y分别相同或不同,表示氢、羧基、烷基或烷氧基。〕
(2)根据上述(1)所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,R1及R2分别相同或不同,表示氢或碳数1~3的烷基,X及Y分别相同或不同,表示氢、羧基或碳数1~3的烷氧基。
(3)根据上述(1)或(2)所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,R1为碳数1~3的烷基、R2为氢。
(4)根据上述(1)~(3)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,R1为碳数1~2的烷基,R2为氢。
(5)根据上述(1)~(4)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,R1为甲基,R2为氢。
(6)根据上述(1)~(5)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,X及Y中的一者为氢,另一者为羧基。
(7)根据上述(1)~(6)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,致癌抑制基于抑制息肉形成。
(8)根据上述(1)~(7)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,致癌抑制基于抗氧化相关因子的表达调控。
(9)根据上述(8)所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,致癌抑制基于促进Gpx2的表达。
(10)根据上述(1)~(9)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,致癌抑制基于ROS的清除。
(11)根据上述(1)~(10)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,致癌抑制基于细胞增殖相关因子的表达调控。
(12)根据上述(11)所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,致癌抑制基于c-Myc、CDK4或细胞周期蛋白D1的表达抑制。
(13)根据上述(1)~(12)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其为消化管癌的致癌抑制剂。
(14)根据上述(13)所述的致癌抑制剂,其为大肠癌的致癌抑制剂。
(15)根据上述(1)~(14)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其为药物组合物。
(16)根据上述(15)所述的致癌抑制剂,其为经口制剂。
(17)根据上述(15)所述的致癌抑制剂,其为注射剂。
(18)根据上述(1)~(14)中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其为食品组合物。
(19)根据上述(18)所述的致癌抑制剂,其为健康食品或补充剂。
(20)一种致癌抑制方法,其包含:将有效量的上述(1)~(6)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物及其药学上允许的盐中的至少一种给予到需要其的对象。
(21)根据上述(20)所述的致癌抑制方法,其中,致癌抑制基于抑制息肉形成。
(22)根据上述(20)或(21)所述的致癌抑制方法,其中,致癌抑制基于抗氧化相关因子的表达调控。
(23)根据上述(22)所述的致癌抑制方法,其中,致癌抑制基于促进Gpx2的表达。
(24)根据上述(20)~(23)中任一项所述的致癌抑制方法,其中,致癌抑制基于ROS的清除。
(25)根据上述(20)~(24)中任一项所述的致癌抑制方法,其中,致癌抑制基于细胞增殖相关因子的表达调控。
(26)根据上述(25)所述的致癌抑制方法,其中,致癌抑制基于c-Myc、CDK4或细胞周期蛋白D1的表达抑制。
(27)根据上述(20)~(26)中任一项所述的致癌抑制方法,其抑制消化管癌的发生。
(28)根据上述(27)所述的致癌抑制方法,其抑制大肠癌的发生。
(29)根据上述(20)~(28)中任一项所述的致癌抑制方法,其给予包含乙内酰脲衍生物及其药学上允许的盐中的至少一种的药物组合物。
(30)根据上述(29)所述的致癌抑制方法,其中,药物组合物为经口制剂。
(31)根据上述(29)所述的致癌抑制方法,其中,药物组合物为注射剂。
(32)根据上述(20)~(28)中任一项所述的致癌抑制方法,其给予包含乙内酰脲衍生物及其药学上允许的盐中的至少一种的食品组合物。
(33)根据上述(32)所述的致癌抑制方法,其中,食品组合物为健康食品或补充剂。
(34)根据上述(1)~(6)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其用于致癌抑制。
(35)根据上述(34)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其中,致癌抑制基于抑制息肉形成。
(36)根据上述(34)或(35)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其中致癌抑制基于抗氧化相关因子的表达调控。
(37)根据上述(36)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其中,致癌抑制基于促进Gpx2的表达。
(38)根据上述(34)~(37)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其中,致癌抑制基于ROS的清除。
(39)根据上述(34)~(38)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其中,致癌抑制基于细胞增殖相关因子的表达调控。
(40)根据上述(39)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其中,致癌抑制基于c-Myc、CDK4或细胞周期蛋白D1的表达抑制。
(41)根据上述(34)~(40)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其抑制消化管癌的发生。
(42)根据上述(41)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其抑制大肠癌的发生。
(43)根据上述(34)~(42)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其为药物组合物。
(44)根据上述(43)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其中,药物组合物为经口制剂。
(45)根据上述(43)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其中,药物组合物为注射剂。
(46)根据上述(34)~(42)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其为食品组合物。
(47)根据上述(46)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐,其中,食品组合物为健康食品或补充剂。
(48)上述(1)~(6)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的、在用于制造致癌抑制剂中的应用。
(49)根据上述(48)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,致癌抑制基于抑制息肉形成。
(50)根据上述(48)或(49)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,致癌抑制为基于抗氧化相关因子的表达调控。
(51)根据上述(50)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,致癌抑制基于促进Gpx2的表达。
(52)根据上述(48)~(51)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,致癌抑制基于ROS的清除。
(53)根据上述(48)~(52)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,致癌抑制为基于细胞增殖相关因子的表达调控。
(54)根据上述(53)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,致癌抑制基于c-Myc、CDK4或细胞周期蛋白D1的表达抑制。
(55)根据上述(48)~(54)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其为消化管癌的致癌抑制剂。
(56)根据上述(55)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其为大肠癌的致癌抑制剂。
(57)根据上述(48)~(56)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,致癌抑制剂为药物组合物。
(58)根据上述(57)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,药物组合物为经口制剂。
(59)根据上述(57)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,药物组合物为注射剂。
(60)根据上述(48)~(56)中任一项所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,致癌抑制剂为食品组合物。
(61)根据上述(60)所述的乙内酰脲衍生物或其药学上允许的盐的应用,其中,食品组合物为健康食品或补充剂。
发明的效果
本化合物在后述的药理试验中对息肉形成、细胞增殖相关因子的表达显示出优异的抑制效果。另外,本化合物的安全性非常高且通过经口给药、摄取而发挥效果,因此成为能够以药物品、食品的剂型进行化学预防的有用性极高的致癌抑制剂。
附图说明
图1是示出对照组与1000ppm被检物质给予组的小鼠小肠粘膜的息肉部位处的PCNA免疫染色结果的光学显微镜照片。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种致癌抑制剂,其含有下述通式(I)所示的乙内酰脲衍生物及其药学上允许的盐中的至少一种作为有效成分。
〔式(I)中,R1及R2分别相同或不同,表示氢、烷基、环烷基或者可被1或2个卤素、硝基、烷基或烷氧基取代的苄基,X及Y分别相同或不同,表示氢、羧基、烷基或烷氧基。〕
上述通式(I)的取代基中,烷基可以是任意的烷基,优选表示甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、己基、异己基、庚基、异庚基、辛基、异辛基、壬基、异壬基、癸基、异癸基、硬脂基等碳数1~20的直链状或支链状的烷基,更优选表示碳数1~6的直链状或支链状的烷基,进一步优选表示碳数1~3的直链状或支链状的烷基。
上述通式(I)的取代基中,环烷基可以是任意的环烷基,优选表示环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基等碳数3~8的环烷基,更优选表示碳数5或6的环烷基。
上述通式(I)的取代基中,烷氧基可以是任意的烷氧基,优选表示甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基等碳数1~6的直链状或支链状的烷氧基,更优选表示碳数1~3的直链状或支链状的烷基。
上述通式(I)的取代基中,卤素可以是任意的卤素,优选表示氟、氯、溴、碘等。
本化合物的一般的制造方法及制造例公开于日本特开昭61-122275号公报及日本特开昭62-145068号公报等。以下示出本化合物的例子。下文在称呼各化合物时,使用化合物编号。
乙内酰脲〔化合物1〕
1-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物2〕
3-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物3〕
1-乙基乙内酰脲〔化合物4〕
1-丙基乙内酰脲〔化合物5〕
1-丁基乙内酰脲〔化合物6〕
1-叔丁基乙内酰脲〔化合物7〕
1-己基乙内酰脲〔化合物8〕
1-(1,3-二甲基丁基)乙内酰脲〔化合物9〕
1-癸基乙内酰脲〔化合物10〕
1-硬脂基乙内酰脲〔化合物11〕
1,3-二甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物12〕
1,5-二甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物13〕
3,5-二甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物14〕
1-环戊基乙内酰脲〔化合物15〕
1-环己基乙内酰脲〔化合物16〕
1-环己基-3-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物17〕
3-环己基乙内酰脲〔化合物18〕
1,3-二环己基乙内酰脲〔化合物19〕
5-羟基乙内酰脲〔化合物20〕
5-羟基-1-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物21〕
5-羟基-3-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物22〕
5-羟基-1-乙基乙内酰脲〔化合物23〕
5-羟基-1-丙基乙内酰脲〔化合物24〕
5-羟基-1-丁基乙内酰脲〔化合物25〕
5-羟基-1-叔丁基乙内酰脲〔化合物26〕
5-羟基-1-己基乙内酰脲〔化合物27〕
5-羟基-1-(1,3二甲基丁基)乙内酰脲〔化合物28〕
5-羟基-1-癸基乙内酰脲〔化合物29〕
5-羟基-1-硬脂基乙内酰脲〔化合物30〕
5-羟基-1-环戊基乙内酰脲〔化合物31〕
5-羟基-1-环己基乙内酰脲〔化合物32〕
5-羟基-1-环己基-3-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物33〕
5-羟基-1,3-二甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物34〕
5-羟基-1,5-二甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物35〕
5-羟基-3,5-二甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物36〕
5-羟基-1,3-二环己基乙内酰脲〔化合物37〕
5-甲氧基乙内酰脲〔化合物38〕
5-甲氧基-1-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物39〕
5-甲氧基-3-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物40〕
5-甲氧基-1-乙基乙内酰脲〔化合物41〕
5-甲氧基-1-丙基乙内酰脲〔化合物42〕
5-甲氧基-1-丁基乙内酰脲〔化合物43〕
5-甲氧基-1-环己基乙内酰脲〔化合物44〕
5-甲氧基-3-环己基乙内酰脲〔化合物45〕
5-乙氧基-乙内酰脲〔化合物46〕
5-乙氧基-1-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物47〕
5-乙氧基-3-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物48〕
5-乙氧基-1-乙基乙内酰脲〔化合物49〕
5-乙氧基-1-丙基乙内酰脲〔化合物50〕
5-乙氧基-1-丁基乙内酰脲〔化合物51〕
5-丙氧基-乙内酰脲〔化合物52〕
5-丙氧基-1-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物53〕
5-丙氧基-3-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物54〕
5-丙氧基-1-乙基乙内酰脲〔化合物55〕
5-丙氧基-1-丙基乙内酰脲〔化合物56〕
5-丙氧基-1-丁基乙内酰脲〔化合物57〕
5-丁氧基-乙内酰脲〔化合物58〕
5-丁氧基-1-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物59〕
5-丁氧基-3-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物60〕
5-叔丁氧基-乙内酰脲〔化合物61〕
5-叔丁氧基-1-甲基乙内酰脲〔化合物62〕
5-叔丁氧基-3-丁基乙内酰脲〔化合物63〕
5-羟基-1-苄基乙内酰脲〔化合物64〕
5-羟基-1-(2-氟苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物65〕
5-羟基-1-(3-氟苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物66〕
5-羟基-1-(4-氟苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物67〕
5-羟基-1-(2-氯苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物68〕
5-羟基-1-(4-氯苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物69〕
5-羟基-1-(4-溴苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物70〕
5-羟基-1-(3-硝基苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物71〕
5-羟基-1-(4-硝基苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物72〕
5-羟基-1-(2-甲基苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物73〕
5-羟基-1-(3-甲基苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物74〕
5-羟基-1-(4-甲基苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物75〕
5-羟基-1-(2-甲氧基苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物76〕
5-羟基-1-(3-甲氧基苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物77〕
5-羟基-1-(4-甲氧基苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物78〕
5-羟基-1-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物79〕
5-羟基-1-(3,4-二氯苄基)乙内酰脲〔化合物80〕
本化合物包含上述通式(I)所示的盐,可列举例如:与盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、高氯酸、硫氰酸、硼酸、甲酸、乙酸、卤代乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、丙二酸、富马酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸等酸的加成盐;或者与钠、钾等碱金属的盐,与钙、镁、钡等碱土金属的盐,或与铝、锌等金属的盐等。这些盐可以通过公知的方法由游离的乙内酰脲衍生物制造或相互转换。
本化合物存在顺-反异构体、旋光异构体、构象异构体等立体异构体的情况下,或者以水合物、配位化合物的状态存在的情况下,本发明也包含其任意的立体异构体、水合物、配位化合物。例如,本化合物的5-羟基-1-甲基乙内酰脲中,乙内酰脲环的5位为不对称碳,因此存在光学异构体,有S体和R体这两种对映体,本发明包含上述的S体、R体及这些的混合物。另外,已知本化合物的5-羟基-1-甲基乙内酰脲存在I型和II型的多晶型,本化合物也包含这些晶体,包含可能形成的各种晶型(多晶型)。
本化合物可以与适当的药用的载体或稀释剂适当组合而制成药物。除了可以制成片剂、胶囊剂、粉末剂、液剂等经口制剂以外,还可以根据期望制成皮下、静脉内、肌肉内、直肠内、鼻腔内给药用的非经口制剂。但是,如上所述,在作为本发明致癌抑制剂给药·摄取时,剂型优选为经口制剂。
在处方时,可以以其药学上允许的盐的形态使用本化合物,也可以将本化合物单独或适当组合使用,另外也可以制成与其它药物活性成分的配合剂。
作为经口制剂,可以直接或者与适当的添加剂、例如乳糖、甘露醇、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、柠檬酸钙等惯用的赋形剂一起且与结晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素等纤维素衍生物、阿拉伯胶、玉米淀粉、明胶等结合剂、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钙等崩解剂、滑石、硬脂酸镁等润滑剂、其他增量剂、润湿剂、缓冲剂、保存剂、香料等适当组合,制成片剂、散剂、颗粒剂或胶囊剂。
作为注射剂,可以制成注射用蒸馏水、生理盐水、葡萄糖注射液等水性溶剂或植物油、合成脂肪酸甘油酯、高级脂肪酸酯、丙二醇等非水性溶剂的溶液、悬浮液或乳化液,可以根据需要适当加入溶解助剂、等渗剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、保存剂等通常使用的添加剂。
可以进一步根据疾病的种类、患者制成最适于其治疗的上述以外的剂型、糖浆剂、栓剂、吸入剂、气溶胶剂、点眼剂、外用剂(软膏剂、凝胶剂、贴剂等)等。
另外,可以将本化合物本身或通过与其它成分混合而制成健康食品、补充剂。作为所混合的其它成分,只要是不因混合而变性的物质就没有特别限定,可列举食品、饮料等。作为食品、饮料,没有特别限定,可列举例如巧克力、口香糖、酸奶、清凉饮料、咖啡、红茶、酒精饮料、饼干、面包、果冻等。
在食品或饮料的制造中,可根据需要添加各种物质。可以适当配合使用例如蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖等糖类;木糖醇、赤藓醇等糖醇;氨基酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、类黄酮、儿茶素等抗氧化物质,以及明胶、维生素类、色素、香料、钙剂、脂肪酸甘油酯、果胶等食品的常规制造中所用的任意物质。
本发明致癌抑制剂不仅可用于未罹患癌症的人的预防,还可用于癌症治疗后预防复发、癌症治疗中的人预防转移。例如,作为本发明致癌抑制剂的给药对象,可列举罹患癌症的可能性高的高风险组,例如吸烟者、由于遗传或职业而罹患癌症的可能性高的人、有大肠息肉等癌前病变的人、暂时结束癌症治疗的人等。
作为本发明致癌抑制剂的适用范围,可列举各种恶性及良性肿瘤,例如黑素瘤、淋巴瘤、消化系统癌症、肺癌、食道癌、胃癌、大肠癌(直肠癌和结肠癌)、尿路肿瘤、胆囊癌、胆管癌、乳癌、肝脏癌、胰癌、睾丸肿瘤、上颚癌、舌癌、口唇癌、口腔癌、咽癌、卵巢癌、子宫癌、前列腺癌、甲状腺癌、脑瘤、卡波西肉瘤、血管瘤、白血病、真性红细胞增多、神经母细胞瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤、骨髓瘤、膀胱瘤、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、皮肤癌、基底细胞癌、皮肤附属器官癌、皮肤转移癌、皮肤黑素瘤等,在大肠癌(直肠癌和结肠癌)等的抑制中特别有效。另外,本发明的致癌抑制剂不仅对恶性肿瘤显效,而且对良性肿瘤的预防也显效。
本发明致癌抑制剂对于人类(人)有用,对于其它动物、特别是已知会发生癌症的所有哺乳动物(例如小鼠、大鼠、猪、狐狸、猫、兔、狗、牛、马、山羊、猴子等)也有用,可以作为药品或食品给予到这些动物或使其摄取。
本化合物的期望给药量根据给药对象、剂型、给药方法、给药期等而改变,为了得到期望的效果,通常在人的情况下,对于成人,可以以有效成分量计每天经口给药1~10000mg、优选为50~5000mg、更优选为100~3000mg。在非经口给药(例如注射剂)的情况下,通常以少于经口给药量即可期待效果,因此例如为上述经口给药量的3~10分之一的用量水平即可。
实施例
以下列举实施例具体说明本发明,但本发明不受这些例子任何限定。
试验例1:肠管息肉形成的评价
(1)实验动物的分组及被检物质的给予
作为实验动物,使用作为家族性大肠腺瘤症模型的C57BL/6-ApcMin/+小鼠(Min小鼠)。Min小鼠是Apc(大肠腺瘤样息肉(Adenomatous polyoisis coli))基因变异小鼠,确认到息肉数的经时增加。另外已知,Min小鼠会随着血脂异常发病而处于高氧化应激状态。对于5周龄的雄性Min小鼠,在设定为温度24±2℃、湿度55%、明暗周期12小时的实验室中用塑料笼(235×325×170Hmm)以每笼最多6只来饲养、驯化。需要说明的是,使其自由摄取过滤后的水、基础饲料(AIN-76A:日本CLEA株式会社)。
对于实验动物,按照各组的体重达到一定的方式按照10只每组随机分为对照组、500ppm被检物质给予组及1000ppm被检物质给予组。对于对照组,仅给予基础饲料8周,对于500ppm被检物质给予组及1000ppm被检物质给予组,分别给予500及1000ppm浓度的被检物质(化合物21)的混合饲料8周。在给予期内,各组之间未见显著的食量差异及体重差异,500ppm被检物质给予组及1000ppm被检物质给予组的被检物质的每天摄取量经计算分别为1.5mg及3mg。
(2)肠管息肉数的测定
对于各组的小鼠,在13周龄时在麻醉下处死,开腹后摘出肠管并用福尔马林固定。小肠分为近位部(从胃的幽门起长度为约4cm的部分;十二指肠)、中位部及远位部,对于加上大肠在内的4部分,用实体显微镜计测息肉数,计算各组的平均值。将结果的一例示于表1。
需要说明的是,解剖时,将小肠近位部的息肉部位及未形成息肉的部位(以下称为“非息肉部位”。)的粘膜摘出及刮净(scraping),在-80℃冷冻保存直至试验例2及3中使用时。
[表1]
如表1所示,500ppm被检物质给予组及1000ppm被检物质给予组与对照组相比,息肉的总数均减少约17%,小肠中位部的息肉数分别减少约37%及29%。从而,本化合物显示出优异的抑制息肉形成效果。
试验例2:肠管粘膜的息肉部位的细胞增殖能力的评价
将利用试验例1所摘出的对照组及1000ppm被检物质给予组的小鼠小肠粘膜的息肉部位制备的福尔马林固定石蜡包埋切片,在二甲苯中浸渍5分钟×3次而脱石蜡。然后,在99.5%醇中浸渍5分钟×3次而增加亲水性后,在蒸馏水中浸渍10分钟。然后,将本切片在包含0.3%过氧化氢的甲醇溶液中浸渍30分钟,进行内源性过氧化物酶失活处理。再向本切片添加包含2%马血清的0.3%Triton〔注册商标〕X-100溶液(包含0.3%Triton的磷酸缓冲生理盐水(PBS))1mL而进行30分钟的封闭。
向本切片添加100倍稀释的抗小鼠增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)抗体(Calbiochem〔注册商标〕),在4℃进行1晚的第一抗体反应。用PBS进行5分钟×3次洗涤后,使用作为第二抗体的生物素标记抗小鼠IgG抗体(H+L)(Vector Laboratories公司)进行标记第二抗体反应,然后用PBS进行5分钟×3次的洗涤。使用3,3'-二氨基联苯胺(DAB)液和过氧化氢进行染色。另外,用苏木精进行对比染色(核染色)。核染色后,用蒸馏水洗涤而停止反应,用100%乙醇处理5分钟×3次后,用二甲苯处理3次而封片。用光学显微镜进行对照组和1000ppm被检物质给予组的玻片的阳性反应的比较观察。另外,计算各组的PCNA抗体阳性细胞数相对于显微镜视野内的总细胞数的比例。将结果的一例示于图1及表2。
[表2]
PCNA是在细胞周期的G1期(Gap1:DNA合成准备期)后期至S期(Synthesis:DNA合成期)表达的细胞增殖相关蛋白,被称为所谓的细胞增殖标志。细胞增殖标志的表达越高则表示增殖能力越强,认为恶性度也越高。本试验中,测定由试验例1的对照组及1000ppm被检物质给予组的小鼠摘出的小肠息肉部位粘膜的PCNA抗体阳性细胞数的结果如图1及表2所示,与对照组相比,1000ppm被检物质给予组中染色为茶色(图1中为深灰色)的PCNA抗体阳性细胞减少。需要说明的是,呈浅紫色(图1中为浅灰色)的是经核染色的细胞。由此可确认,本化合物对于增殖能力亢进的细胞显示出增殖抑制效果。
试验例3:肠管粘膜及息肉部位的细胞增殖相关因子的表达水平的评价
(1)自肠管息肉部位及非息肉部位的mRNA提取及cDNA合成
对试验例1中刮净的对照组及1000ppm被检物质给予组的小鼠小肠粘膜的息肉部位及非息肉部位,添加经DNAse(Invitrogen公司)处理的500μL的TRIsol(Invitrogen公司),添加100μL的氯仿并混和后,离心(12000rpm、2分钟),回收上清。向回收的上清中添加250μL的乙醇,使用柱子(QIAGEN公司)提取和纯化RNA。
使用了High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kits(AppliedBiosystems公司),由1μg的总RNA制备cDNA。
另外,使用cDNA和SYBR Green Realtime PCR Master Mix(东洋纺织株式会社)按照总量为20μL的方式制备PCR反应液。
(2)增殖相关因子表达水平的评价
使用由上述(1)中提取的总RNA合成的cDNA,通过实时PCR法测定细胞增殖相关因子〔c-Myc、CDK4及细胞周期蛋白D1〕的mRNA表达量。需要说明的是,对于息肉部位,仅测定c-Myc的mRNA表达量。
作为各细胞增殖相关因子的PCR引物,使用c-Myc〔正向:GCCCGCGCCCAGACAGGATA(序列号1)、反向:GCGGCGGCGGAGAGGA(序列号2)〕、CDK4〔正向:ATGGCTGCCACTCGATATGAA(序列号3)、反向:TGCTCCTCCATTAGGAACTCTC(序列号4)〕及细胞周期蛋白D1〔正向:TGACTGCCGAGAAGTTGTGC(序列号5)、反向:CTCATCCGCCTCTGGCATT(序列号6)〕。另外,实时PCR装置使用了MJResearch DNA Engine OPTICON 2System(MJ Research公司)。PCR反应如下进行:在94℃下加热15分钟而使cDNA线性化后,将热变性(94℃、20秒)、退火(60℃、30秒)及延伸反应(72℃、30秒)的工序进行总计39个循环。将得到的各测定值除以作为内部标准的甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因的测定值来计算相对量。然后,将1000ppm被检物质给予组的相对量除以对照组的相对量,计算1000ppm被检物质给予组相对于对照组的各基因表达量比(各组n=3)。将结果的一例示于表3及表4。
[表3]
[表4]
如表3及表4所示,本化合物在Min小鼠的小肠息肉部位及非息肉部位均抑制细胞增殖相关因子的表达。由此可确认,本化合物通过抑制细胞增殖相关因子的表达来抑制致癌过程中的细胞增殖。
试验例4:本化合物的安全性的评价
(1)试验方法
以8名健康成年男性(21岁~24岁)(被检物质给予6名,安慰剂给予2名)为对象,反复经口给药本化合物,评价安全性。被检物质(化合物21)以每次400mg的用量在给予第1天及第7天以1天1次早晨空腹时给予、且在给予第2~6天以1天3次在空腹时(9时、14时、19时)分别与150mL的水一起经口给药(给予回数为共17次)。
(2)结果
任一者均未没有疑似与本化合物相关的临床症状;血压、脉搏、体温、血液学检测、血液生化检查及尿检均未确认到疑似与本化合物相关的异常变动。
产业上的可利用性
本发明致癌抑制剂在药理试验中对于息肉形成、细胞增殖相关因子的表达显示出优异的抑制效果。而且本发明致癌抑制剂的安全性非常高、另外通过经口给药而发挥效果,因此对于有癌症的发生、复发、转移的风险的人或其它动物而言,作为能够以药物品、食品等形式利用的化学预防剂的有用性极高。
序列表
<110> 国立研究开发法人国立癌症研究中心(National Cancer Center)
日本脏器制药株式会社 (Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
<120> 致癌抑制剂
<130> PC-494
<160> 6
<210> 1
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 引物
<220>
<223> 发明人: 武藤伦弘;黑川友理绘;藤井元;宫本真吾
<400> 1
GCCCGCGCCC AGACAGGATA 20
<210> 2
<211> 16
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 2
GCGGCGGCGG AGAGGA 16
<210> 3
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 3
ATGGCTGCCA CTCGATATGA A 21
<210> 4
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 4
TGCTCCTCCA TTAGGAACTC TC 22
<210> 5
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 5
TGACTGCCGA GAAGTTGTGC 20
<210> 6
<211> 19
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 6
CTCATCCGCC TCTGGCATT 19
Claims (10)
1.一种致癌抑制剂,其含有下述通式(I)所示的乙内酰脲衍生物及其药学上允许的盐中的至少一种作为有效成分,
式(I)中,R1及R2分别相同或不同,表示氢、烷基、环烷基或者可被1或2个卤素、硝基、烷基或烷氧基取代的苄基,X及Y分别相同或不同,表示氢、羧基、烷基或烷氧基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,R1及R2分别相同或不同,表示氢或碳数1~3的烷基,X及Y分别相同或不同,表示氢、羧基或碳数1~3的烷氧基。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,R1为碳数1~3的烷基,R2为氢。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,X及Y中的一者为氢,另一者为羧基。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,致癌抑制基于细胞增殖相关因子的表达调控。
6.根据权利要求5所述的致癌抑制剂,其中,致癌抑制基于c-Myc、CDK4或细胞周期蛋白D1的表达抑制。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其为药物组合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的致癌抑制剂,其为经口制剂。
9.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的致癌抑制剂,其为食品组合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的致癌抑制剂,其为健康食品或补充剂。
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US (1) | US11464762B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3639821B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7146194B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN110740729B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2018282841B2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI757511B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018230537A1 (zh) |
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CN1159324A (zh) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-09-17 | 日本脏器制药株式会社 | 活性氧、自由基去除剂 |
JP2002121132A (ja) * | 2000-08-09 | 2002-04-23 | Showa Denko Kk | 発がん抑制剤および発がん抑制方法 |
WO2005090316A1 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-29 | Wyeth | HYDANTOINS HAVING RNase MODULATORY ACTIVITY |
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JPH0238588B2 (ja) | 1981-01-06 | 1990-08-31 | Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co | Shinkihidantoinkagobutsu |
JPH062748B2 (ja) | 1984-03-08 | 1994-01-12 | 日本臓器製薬株式会社 | 新規ヒダントイン誘導体及び該化合物を有効成分として含有する医薬組成物 |
JPH0686436B2 (ja) | 1984-11-15 | 1994-11-02 | 日本臓器製薬株式会社 | 新規ヒダントイン誘導体及び該化合物を含有する医薬組成物 |
JPH0764729B2 (ja) | 1985-02-06 | 1995-07-12 | 日本臓器製薬株式会社 | イミダゾリジントリオン誘導体を含有する医薬組成物 |
JPH0623102B2 (ja) | 1985-08-22 | 1994-03-30 | 日本臓器製薬株式会社 | 脂質低下剤 |
JPH0662584B2 (ja) | 1985-12-19 | 1994-08-17 | 日本臓器製薬株式会社 | 新規ヒダントイン誘導体及び該化合物を含有する脂質低下剤 |
JPS6475473A (en) | 1987-09-17 | 1989-03-22 | Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co | Production of hydantoin derivative |
JPH01299276A (ja) | 1988-05-26 | 1989-12-04 | Nippon Zoki Pharmaceut Co Ltd | ヒダントイン誘導体の製造方法 |
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ES2687780T3 (es) | 2009-09-30 | 2018-10-29 | Shiseido Company, Ltd. | Inhibidor de la actividad heparanasa |
US9801858B2 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2017-10-31 | Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Progress-supressing or improving agent for chronic kidney disease |
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2018
- 2018-06-12 JP JP2019525440A patent/JP7146194B2/ja active Active
- 2018-06-12 WO PCT/JP2018/022333 patent/WO2018230537A1/ja unknown
- 2018-06-12 EP EP18816986.6A patent/EP3639821B1/en active Active
- 2018-06-12 US US16/622,417 patent/US11464762B2/en active Active
- 2018-06-12 CN CN201880039160.3A patent/CN110740729B/zh active Active
- 2018-06-12 AU AU2018282841A patent/AU2018282841B2/en active Active
- 2018-06-12 TW TW107120184A patent/TWI757511B/zh active
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CN1159324A (zh) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-09-17 | 日本脏器制药株式会社 | 活性氧、自由基去除剂 |
JP2002121132A (ja) * | 2000-08-09 | 2002-04-23 | Showa Denko Kk | 発がん抑制剤および発がん抑制方法 |
WO2005090316A1 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-29 | Wyeth | HYDANTOINS HAVING RNase MODULATORY ACTIVITY |
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AU2018282841A2 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
AU2018282841B2 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
JP7146194B2 (ja) | 2022-10-04 |
TW201906820A (zh) | 2019-02-16 |
RU2020100037A (ru) | 2021-07-13 |
CN110740729B (zh) | 2023-05-16 |
EP3639821B1 (en) | 2024-08-28 |
WO2018230537A1 (ja) | 2018-12-20 |
JPWO2018230537A1 (ja) | 2020-04-23 |
EP3639821A4 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
EP3639821A1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
US11464762B2 (en) | 2022-10-11 |
TWI757511B (zh) | 2022-03-11 |
AU2018282841A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
US20200276163A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
RU2020100037A3 (zh) | 2021-10-14 |
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