CN110730857A - Camshaft adjuster having a stator and a rotor with a concentric spring receptacle - Google Patents
Camshaft adjuster having a stator and a rotor with a concentric spring receptacle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110730857A CN110730857A CN201880038651.6A CN201880038651A CN110730857A CN 110730857 A CN110730857 A CN 110730857A CN 201880038651 A CN201880038651 A CN 201880038651A CN 110730857 A CN110730857 A CN 110730857A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- spring
- stator
- spring receptacle
- camshaft adjuster
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
- F01L2001/3445—Details relating to the hydraulic means for changing the angular relationship
- F01L2001/34483—Phaser return springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vane-type camshaft adjuster for an internal combustion engine, having a stator and a rotor (3) which is arranged inside the stator and can rotate relative to the stator and is used for adjusting the phase angle of a camshaft, wherein a spring (4) is arranged between the stator and the rotor (3) in order to align the stator and the rotor (3) with each other in a rest position, wherein the spring (4) is coupled to the rotor (3) via a spring receptacle (5), wherein the spring receptacle (5) is designed as a sleeve-type spring receptacle (5) which is concentric to the rotor (3).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vane-type camshaft adjuster for an internal combustion engine. It has a stator and a rotor arranged inside the stator and rotatable relative to the stator, the rotor being used to set the phase angle of the camshaft. At the same time, a spring, for example a spiral spring, is arranged between the stator and the rotor in order to align the stator and the rotor with one another in the rest position. The spring is coupled with the rotor through the spring receiving portion.
Background
Camshaft adjusters of this type are known from the prior art. Thus, german patent publication DE 102013222819 a1 discloses a hydraulic camshaft adjuster and a rotor for a hydraulic camshaft adjuster for form-locking connection with a camshaft. Each rotor has a base body on which a vane can be attached or formed, so that a vane-type camshaft adjuster is formed. An insert, which is different from the material of the base body and is prepared for the material-to-material connection with the camshaft, is arranged on the side of the base body facing the camshaft in a rotationally fixed manner. The insert also has a rotor pin for connecting the spring thereto. These rotor pins are pressed into the rotor.
This has the disadvantage that only a small spring moment can be transmitted via the pins which have a small diameter compared to the rotor diameter. Furthermore, there is a risk of the pin breaking under the shear forces that may occur, for example due to a notch effect.
Furthermore, these pins require more radial installation space and more production time, since their installation location is precisely determined and the corresponding flat surfaces on the rotor are produced by turning.
DE 102009035233B 3 discloses a vane-type camshaft adjuster which can be adjusted by two pressure medium channels which lead from a cylinder head via a camshaft to two pressure chambers which run in opposite directions, wherein a rotor hub and a disk-shaped region of a sheet metal profile are pressed axially against the camshaft by means of a central screw, wherein the sheet metal profile has a sleeve-like region of smaller diameter which is axially in front of the disk-shaped region and which is inserted into the rotor hub, and wherein the sheet metal profile has a follower for a wrap spring in the sleeve-like region of larger diameter which is axially behind the disk-shaped region.
Disclosure of Invention
Against this background, the basic task of the present invention is to overcome or at least alleviate the disadvantages of the prior art and to ensure a durable and reliable spring suspension, in particular while being inexpensive to produce. Care is taken to keep the radial structural space small and to eliminate mis-assembly from the structural design.
This is achieved according to the invention in that the spring receptacle is designed as a sleeve-like spring receptacle concentric with the rotor. The diameter of the spring receptacle in its sleeve shape is such that it can accommodate a high moment of inertia in cross section, so that component failure of the spring receptacle can be virtually completely ruled out.
It is therefore advantageous if the spring receptacle is designed as a component separate from the rotor. This design makes it possible to design the two components spring receptacle and rotor as being most suitable for their respective fields of application in terms of their material selection and surface properties. Thereby improving the modularity of the camshaft adjuster and thereby achieving cost savings based on economies of scale.
As an alternative, it is also conceivable for the spring receptacle to be formed in one piece with the rotor. This reduces the number of different parts and thus the complexity of the logistics.
More preferably, the spring is coupled to the spring receptacle by a slot in the spring receptacle in a form-fitting manner. Suspension of the spring can then be achieved. The gap is formed here: the spring is prevented from falling out of the form-locking connection by the slot extending perpendicularly to the direction of action of the spring.
According to the invention, the spring receptacle has a cylindrical portion and an annular portion adjoining it axially. In the described embodiment, the ring section exceeds the cylinder section on its outer diameter. Two sections differing in their diameter are thus formed for the two functions of the spring receptacle, namely the actual suspension/accommodation of the spring and the coupling to the rotor. So that functional separation is also achieved in the structure of the component.
In such an embodiment of the invention with an annular section and a cylindrical section, it is furthermore advantageous if the annular section and the cylindrical section are connected in one piece. Thereby, the number of the components of the rotor is constantly kept to two, and the assembly is convenient. In addition, the force to be transmitted in the spring receptacle can be effectively guided by this integrated design.
The invention is characterized in that the ring segment and/or the cylinder segment has a flat area which is used for the form-locking connection with the rotor. The coupling between the spring receptacle and the rotor, which is realized by means of a durable form-fit, is therefore suitable for transmitting large forces. In addition, that flat area also achieves a fail-safe effect: the flat region of the spring receptacle is intended to cooperate with a corresponding mating surface of the rotor. These mating surfaces match the flat areas, thereby eliminating misassembly in the structural design.
It is particularly advantageous if the spring receptacle has at least one, preferably three, radially extending hydraulic medium grooves which are equidistant in the circumferential direction for the oil supply. The supply of hydraulic medium to the camshaft adjuster is thus reliably ensured, thereby enabling the camshaft adjuster according to the invention to perform dynamic camshaft adjustment. The slots of the present invention are also advantageous in that they do not require oil supply holes to be drilled through the rotor, which is more costly to produce and time and labor intensive.
More preferably, the spring receptacle and the rotor are connected to one another by means of a clearance fit or alternatively by means of a press fit. The clearance fit can be achieved efficiently and can facilitate the supply of the hydraulic medium. Press-fitting is in turn characterized by the ability to compensate for large forces and moments and is therefore used primarily in applications where relatively large torques need to be accommodated.
As soon as the spring receptacle has at least one, preferably exactly one, radially extending venting groove for venting the camshaft adjuster, the locking and unlocking can also be carried out without great effort. The addition of such venting grooves also has the potential advantage that radial drilling of the rotor is not required, which is significantly more time-consuming and costly to produce.
When the hydraulic medium groove and the venting groove are provided, it is advantageous to arrange them on two opposite sides of the spring receptacle. In this way, on the one hand, a separation of the exhaust gas and the hydraulic medium supply in the axial direction is ensured. Furthermore, the respective grooves can also be introduced into the spring suspension without them interfering with one another in this process.
In other words, the invention is based on hydraulic camshaft adjusters which are rotationally preloaded against one another by means of a (volute spiral) spring. The spring is connected to the rotor via a predetermined suspension and spring receptacle.
It is proposed to replace the rotor with an assembly in a hydraulic camshaft adjuster. This assembly has a rotor and an adapter/spring receiver. As the rotor, a flat rotor is first used, which is advantageously ground by means of the double disk method (Doppeldiskus-Verfahren). The connection between the two components, i.e. the rotor and the spring suspension, is effected, for example, by means of a clearance fit, which additionally also enables a sealing function between the spring suspension and the rotor. The final connection of these components together with the stator of the camshaft adjuster is finally realized by means of a screw connection, as is known from central screws/central valves in the prior art.
The adapter/spring receiving portion has a hanging groove/slit into which the spiral spring is hung/snapped. The form-locking thus produced contributes to the torsion resistance against the torque of the wrap spring. Furthermore, geometric shapes are possible which allow the spring receptacle to be fitted only in the desired position, so that the error-proof principle is achieved.
The diameter of the spring receptacle is preferably greater than the inner diameter of the cover of the camshaft adjuster, so that axial locking is ensured. For effective locking/unlocking of the camshaft adjuster, the spring receptacle forms an exhaust groove and at least one hydraulic groove.
The invention is then able to unify the following functions:
absorbing a high spring moment without material damage;
-locking the parts axially to each other (shoulder on the spring housing);
positioning and anti-rotation of the rotor and the spring receptacle by means of a large-area form-fit connection;
integrated oil guiding is achieved by axial introduction of hydraulic grooves (preferably made with extrusion techniques);
-a venting groove.
Drawings
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the drawing, in connection with which also various embodiments are explained. Wherein:
fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a rotor according to the invention with a spring receptacle;
fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a rotor with a spring receptacle and a spring;
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an inserted helical spring;
FIG. 4 shows the spring receptacle in longitudinal section;
FIG. 5 shows a top view of the spring receptacle from a first side; and
fig. 6 shows a plan view of the spring receptacle from the second side.
The drawings are merely schematic and serve only to assist in understanding the invention. Identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a vane-type camshaft adjuster 1. It consists of a stator 2 and a rotor 3. A spring 4 is arranged between the stator 2 and the rotor 3. This spring is designed as a spiral spring and serves to ensure that the stator 2 and the rotor 3 occupy a predefined position relative to each other in the absence of hydraulic pressure in the constructed hydraulic chamber.
The camshaft adjuster 1 also has a spring receptacle 5. The spring accommodating portion accommodates the radially inner end portion of the spring 4 via the slit 6. A cross-section is shown along line II-II, which is explained in more detail below with reference to fig. 2.
Fig. 2 therefore shows that the spring receptacle 5 and the rotor 3 are designed as two separate components. The spring receptacle 5 is a substantially sleeve-like part which is designed concentrically with the rotor 3. The spring receptacle 5 is divided into a cylindrical portion 7 and an annular portion 8. The annular section 8 exceeds the cylindrical section 7 on its outer diameter. Furthermore, it has a smaller inner diameter than the cylinder section 7, so that a stop is ensured when assembling the camshaft adjuster 1 of the central screw (not shown).
The spring receptacle 5 is arranged radially inside the rotor 3 and is fixed in the axial direction by means of a cover 9 which is then fitted. A spring 4 is arranged around the cylinder section 7 of the spring receptacle 5 and can in some cases bear at least in sections against this cylinder section.
The rotor 3 forms a shoulder 10 which provides a stop for the spring receptacle in the axial direction.
Fig. 3 shows the rotor 3 with the spring receptacle 5 without the cover 9 and without the spring 4. Both the cylindrical portion 7 and the ring portion 8 have a flat region 11. The flat region makes it possible to insert the spring receptacle 5 into the rotor 3 in a form-fitting manner for transmitting torque between these two components.
The slot 6 is formed in the column section 7 and extends in the axial direction approximately along half the length of the column section 7.
The annular section 8 also has a discharge groove 12 and a hydraulic medium groove 13. They are explained in more detail in connection with fig. 5.
Fig. 4 finally shows the spring receptacle 5 itself in a longitudinal section along the line IV-IV shown in fig. 5. It can be seen that the slot 6 extends longer in the axial direction than the ring segment 8. The main function of the ring segment 8 is to transmit torque to/from the rotor 3. The cylinder section 7 guides the spring 4 shown in fig. 1 and 2 by means of its outer face and by means of the slot 6. On its side facing away from the spring 4, the ring segment 8 has a ring segment chamfer 14.
Fig. 5 shows a plan view of the spring receptacle 5 from the side facing away from the spring 4. The ring segment 8 is thus shown. In which hydraulic medium grooves 13 are arranged offset by 120 ° in the circumferential direction. They are responsible for supplying the camshaft adjuster 1 with hydraulic medium and therefore extend over the entire radial length of the ring segment 8. For better connection of the hydraulic medium groove 13, an annular section chamfer 14 is arranged.
Fig. 6 shows the spring receptacle 5 from the opposite side to fig. 5. It can be seen here that the slot 6 forms a widened portion radially outwards, which makes it easier to insert/snap the spring 4 in. The flat region 11 is arranged here only in the ring section 8 and not in the column section 7. The exhaust slots 12 extend in the radial direction only in the ring segment 8.
List of reference numerals
1 camshaft adjuster
2 stator
3 rotor
4 spring
5 spring housing part
6 gap
7 column segment
8 annular segment
9 cover
10 convex shoulder
11 flat area
12 air discharge groove
13 hydraulic medium groove
14 annular segment chamfer
Claims (8)
1. Vane-type camshaft adjuster (1) for an internal combustion engine, having a stator (2) and a rotor (3) which is arranged inside the stator and can rotate relative to the stator and is used for adjusting the phase angle of a camshaft, wherein a spring (4) is arranged between the stator (2) and the rotor (3) in order to align the stator (2) and the rotor (3) with one another in a rest position, wherein the spring (4) is coupled with the rotor (3) via a spring receptacle (5),
wherein the spring receptacle (5) is designed as a sleeve-like spring receptacle (5) concentric to the rotor (3),
wherein the spring receptacle (5) has a cylindrical section (7) and an annular section (8) adjoining the cylindrical section in the axial direction, wherein the annular section (8) exceeds the cylindrical section (7) on its outer diameter,
wherein the ring section (8) and the body section (7) are integrally connected to each other and
the annular section (8) and/or the cylindrical section (7) has a flat region (11) for form-locking connection with the rotor (3).
2. Camshaft adjuster (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring receptacle (5) is configured as a component separate from the rotor (3).
3. Camshaft adjuster (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the spring (4) is coupled thereto in a form-locking manner via a slot (6) in the spring receptacle (5).
4. Vane-type camshaft adjuster (1) for an internal combustion engine, having a stator (2) and a rotor (3) which is arranged inside the stator and can rotate relative to the stator and is used for setting a phase angle of a camshaft, wherein a spring (4) is arranged between the stator (2) and the rotor (3) in order to align the stator (2) and the rotor (3) with one another in a rest position, wherein the spring (4) is coupled with the rotor (3) via a spring receptacle (5),
wherein the spring receptacle (5) is designed as a sleeve-like spring receptacle (5) concentric to the rotor (3),
wherein the spring receptacle (5) has a cylindrical section (7) and an annular section (8) adjoining the cylindrical section in the axial direction, wherein the annular section (8) exceeds the cylindrical section (7) on its outer diameter, and
the annular section (8) and/or the cylindrical section (7) has a flat region (11) for form-locking connection with the rotor (3).
5. Camshaft adjuster (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring receptacle (5) has at least one hydraulic medium groove (13) extending in the radial direction for the oil supply.
6. Camshaft adjuster (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring receptacle (5) and the rotor (3) are connected to one another by means of a clearance fit or by means of a press fit.
7. Camshaft adjuster (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring receptacle (5) has at least one venting groove (12) extending in the radial direction for venting air.
8. Camshaft adjuster (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic medium groove (13) and the exhaust groove (12) are arranged on two opposite sides of the spring receptacle (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017114202.9 | 2017-06-27 | ||
| DE102017114202.9A DE102017114202B3 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2017-06-27 | Camshaft adjuster with a stator and a rotor with this concentric spring mount |
| PCT/DE2018/100505 WO2019001620A1 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2018-05-24 | Camshaft adjuster having a stator and a rotor with spring receptacle concentric thereto |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110730857A true CN110730857A (en) | 2020-01-24 |
| CN110730857B CN110730857B (en) | 2022-11-04 |
Family
ID=62567186
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201880038651.6A Active CN110730857B (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2018-05-24 | Camshaft adjuster having a stator and a rotor with a concentric spring receptacle |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110730857B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102017114202B3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019001620A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019103161A1 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2020-08-13 | ECO Holding 1 GmbH | Camshaft adjuster and method for assembling a camshaft adjuster |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004100574A (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-04-02 | Hitachi Unisia Automotive Ltd | Valve timing control device of internal combustion engine |
| DE102013222819A1 (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-13 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Multi-part rotor |
| DE202015008578U1 (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2016-03-22 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Assembly aid for a camshaft adjuster and method for mounting the camshaft adjuster on a camshaft-fixed section |
| CN106232951A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2016-12-14 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | Camshaft adjuster |
| CN106523064A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏太平洋精锻科技股份有限公司 | Plane spiral spring fixing device for cam phaser |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009035233B3 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2011-03-31 | Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh | Vane-type camshaft adjuster for internal combustion engine, is connected by two pressure fluid channels, which are guided on cylinder head over cam shaft |
| DE102010063703A1 (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-21 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Phaser |
| DE202013012767U1 (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2019-05-17 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Camshaft adjuster with a spring retainer and a return spring |
| DE102014216119A1 (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-02-26 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for winding a return spring with a two-part rotor for a cam phaser |
-
2017
- 2017-06-27 DE DE102017114202.9A patent/DE102017114202B3/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-05-24 WO PCT/DE2018/100505 patent/WO2019001620A1/en active Application Filing
- 2018-05-24 CN CN201880038651.6A patent/CN110730857B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004100574A (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-04-02 | Hitachi Unisia Automotive Ltd | Valve timing control device of internal combustion engine |
| DE102013222819A1 (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-13 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Multi-part rotor |
| CN106232951A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2016-12-14 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | Camshaft adjuster |
| DE202015008578U1 (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2016-03-22 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Assembly aid for a camshaft adjuster and method for mounting the camshaft adjuster on a camshaft-fixed section |
| CN106523064A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏太平洋精锻科技股份有限公司 | Plane spiral spring fixing device for cam phaser |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2019001620A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
| DE102017114202B3 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
| CN110730857B (en) | 2022-11-04 |
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Effective date of registration: 20240320 Address after: 1st Floor, Building 2, No. 1 Antuo Road, Anting Town, Jiading District, Shanghai Patentee after: SCHAEFFLER HOLDING(CHINA) Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: German Herzogenaurach Patentee before: SCHAEFFLER TECHNOLOGIES AG & CO.KG Country or region before: Germany |