CN110720130A - Fe-Si基合金及其制造方法 - Google Patents
Fe-Si基合金及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 carbonitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017384 Fe3Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018619 Si-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008289 Si—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
公开了一种具有成形性和磁性能的良好组合的软磁合金。所述合金具有式Fe100‑a‑b‑c‑d‑e‑ fSiaMbLcM'dM''eRf,其中M为Cr和/或Mo;L为Co和/或Ni;M'为Al、Mn、Cu、Ge、Ga中的一种或多种;M''为Ti、V、Hf、Nb、W中的一种或多种;和R为B、Zr、Mg、P、Ce中的一种或多种。元素Si、M、L、M'、M''和R的重量百分比范围如下:Si 4‑7,M 0.1‑7,L 0.1‑10,M' 最高7,M'' 最高7,R 最高1。合金的余量为铁和通常的杂质。还公开了由所述合金制成的薄规格制品和制造所述薄规格制品的方法。
Description
发明背景。
发明领域
本发明涉及含有Fe和Si的软磁合金,特别是,涉及含有一种或多种有益于合金的延展性和成形性的添加元素的软磁Fe-Si合金。
相关技术的描述
与含有少于4% Si的Fe-Si钢板相比,含有6.5-7%硅的铁-硅(Fe-Si)钢板的特点是优异的磁性能,包括在高频下大大降低的磁心损耗和极低的磁致伸缩。由于那些特性,含有标称6.5% Si的Fe-Si钢板具有用于各种电气设备和屏蔽应用的高潜力,包括变压器用铁心以及电动机和发电机的定子和转子。这样的材料将提供减轻重量、减少振动和减少噪音以及节省电力的优点。然而,在标称6.5% Si钢合金中存在有序相,即B2 (FeSi)和D03 (Fe3Si)相,在室温下引起钢合金脆化。缺乏足够的延展性和成形性使得难以通过常规工艺(如冷轧、温轧和热轧)将合金加工成薄板、带或箔形式。当Si含量大于4重量%时,伸长率百分比迅速降低,并且不能容易地使用常规的冷轧技术。
为了避免较高的硅对钢合金的成形性的不利影响,已经使用特殊的加工技术。这样的技术包括在热、温和/或冷加工步骤期间严格的温度控制和对厚度减小的严格限制。另一个技术包括通过化学气相沉积(CVD)向Fe-Si钢带施加硅化的层。然而,这些技术过度地增加生产Fe-Si钢带和板的成本。
鉴于现有技术水平,期望能够生产具有优异的磁特性(例如饱和感应高、矫顽力低、导磁率高、电阻率高、磁致伸缩低和在高频下磁心损耗低)的各种厚度的富硅、Fe-Si电工钢带和板。还希望通过使用常规的冶金技术和工艺来生产这种富硅、Fe-Si合金产品,以得到上述磁特性,以便用于生产重量轻、能量损失低且成本低的软磁层压铁心,用于下一代电磁设备,例如电动机、发电机、变压器、电感器、扼流线圈、致动器、喷油器、压缩机和其他电动设备。
发明概述。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种合金,所述合金解决了已知的Fe-Si材料的加工缺点。根据本发明的合金可通过化学式Fe100-a-b-c-d-e-fSiaMbLcM'dM''eRf定义,其中M为Cr和Mo中的一种或二者;L为Co和Ni中的一种或二者;M'选自Al、Mn、Cu、Ge、Ga及其组合;M''选自Ti、V、Hf、Nb、W及其组合;和R选自B、Zr、Mg、P、Ce及其组合。所述合金通过组成元素的以下重量百分比范围进一步定义。
宽泛 | 中间 | 优选 | |
Si | 4-7 | 4-7 | 4-7 |
M | 0.1-7 | 0.5-6 | 1-5 |
L | 0.1-10 | 0.5-7 | 0.75-6 |
M' | 最高7 | 最高5 | 0.1-3 |
M'' | 最高7 | 最大5 | 最大3 |
R | 最高1 | 最高1 | 最高1 |
合金的余量为铁和通常的杂质。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种由上述合金制成的合金产品。该合金产品的特征在于,微观结构基本上由至少约1体积%且更佳为至少约15体积%的无序bcc相组成。优选,合金产品含有约75体积%至约100体积%的无序相。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种由上述Fe-Si合金生产含有超过2.5% Si的薄规格硅铁板和带的方法。根据本发明的方法包括以下步骤。将合金熔融并浇铸,接着在其已凝固后热机械加工所述合金,以提供伸长中间体形式。随后以有效于抑制有序bcc相的形成的冷却速率将该伸长中间体形式从超过有序-无序转变温度的温度冷却。
提供上述表格作为方便的概述,且并非旨在限制使用的元素范围仅在表中列出的宽泛、中间和优选的实施方式中。因此,宽泛、中间或优选的实施方式的范围中的一个或多个可以与其余元素的不同实施方式的范围中的一个或多个一起使用。另外,宽泛、中间或优选的组成中的一种的元素的最小值或最大值可以与在不同实施方式中相同元素的最小值或最大值一起使用。
在此以及整个说明书中,适用以下定义。除非另外指明,否则术语“百分比”和符号“%”是指重量百分比或质量百分比。术语“体积%(vol.%)”是指体积百分比。术语“薄规格”或“薄-规格”是指不大于约0.08英寸(2.03mm)的厚度。术语“添加元素”是指以足以对一种或多种性能提供所需效果的量加入到基础合金中的一种或多种元素。
详述
根据本发明的合金为铁-硅基合金,其可以通过具有以下化学通式来定义:
Fe100-a-b-c-d-e-fSiaMbLcM'dM''eRf。
硅:该合金含有至少约4%的硅,以有益于合金提供的磁性能。特别是,硅减少在高工作频率下的磁心损耗,并显著降低合金的磁致伸缩。过多的硅促进有序相B2和D03的形成,这二者均导致合金脆化并因此导致延展性损失。因此,合金含有不超过约7%的硅,以抑制这些相的形成。
M:M为铬和钼中的一种或二者。铬和钼有益于合金的延展性,特别是在将合金的伸长形式温轧的高温下。在冷却过程中M延迟有序-无序转化反应。采用这种方式,抑制诸如B2和D03的有序bcc相的形成。M还降低合金的延性-脆性转变温度,这允许合金在比已知的Si-Fe合金更低的温度下冷轧。为此目的,合金含有至少约0.1%的铬和钼中的一种或二者。优选,合金含有至少约0.5%、并且为了最佳结果而至少约1%的Cr+Mo。铬和钼限制在不超过约7%,以避免对合金提供的磁性能产生不利影响。优选,合金含有不超过约6%的Cr+Mo,且更佳为不超过约5%的Cr+Mo。
L:L为钴、镍或其组合。钴和/或镍存在于该合金中,以有益于该合金提供的软磁性能。更具体地,元素L增加合金的居里温度,这在更宽的温度范围内扩展其磁性行为。钴和镍还增加合金的磁饱和感应,并提供导磁率的增加。因此,合金含有至少约0.1%并优选至少约0.5%的钴和镍中的一种或二者。当该合金含有至少约0.75%,例如至少约0.85%的Co+Ni时,已经得到良好的结果。为了得到最佳结果,合金含有至少约1%的Co+Ni。过多的钴和/或镍最终增加合金的磁晶各向异性和磁致伸缩。过多的钴和/或镍也可增加磁心损耗到不希望的水平。因此,合金含有不超过约10%,更佳为不超过约7%,并优选含有不超过约5%或6%的Ni+Co。
M':M'选自铝、锰、铜、锗、镓及其组合。最高约7%的M'可存在于该合金中,以有益于合金提供的电和磁性能。当存在M'时,M'增加合金的电阻率,增加合金的导磁率,并降低矫顽力。优选合金含有至少约0.1%的M'。过多的M'不利地影响合金的磁性能,例如磁饱和感应。因此,合金优选含有不超过约5%,且更佳为不超过约4%的M'。
M'':M''选自钛、钒、铪、铌、钨及其组合。最高约7%的M''可存在于合金中。当存在M''时,通过延迟合金冷却时合金中脆化有序相的形成,M''有益于合金的延展性。过多的M''不利地影响合金提供的磁性能,特别是合金提供的磁饱和感应。因此,合金优选含有少于约5%,且更佳为少于约3%的M''。
R:R为元素硼、锆、镁、磷和铈中的一种或多种。少量最高约1%的R可存在于该合金中,用于晶粒细化和在成形过程中强化合金中的晶界,其中期望优选的晶粒尺寸为ASTM 5或更细。
合金的余量为铁和存在于旨在用于类似用途或服务的商业Fe-Si合金中的通常的杂质。认为碳、氮和硫为该合金中的杂质,因为已知它们形成碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物或硫化物。这样的相可不利地影响为合金特征的磁性能。因此,合金含有不超过约0.1%的碳、不超过约0.1%的氮和不超过约0.1%的硫。优选,当合金包括形成碳化物、形成氮化物、形成碳氮化物和/或形成硫化物的元素时,合金含有各自不超过约0.005%的碳、氮和硫。
由于添加元素L和M以及任选的元素M'、M''和R与Fe和Si合金化,根据本发明的合金产品含有至少约1体积%的无序bcc相。优选,合金产品含有至少约75体积%的无序相。在一个特定的实施方式中,合金产品基本上仅由无序相组成,即约100体积%的无序bcc相。已经发现,存在无序相和最小量的有序相可能对合金的塑性具有有益效果,这导致改进的成形性,特别是冷成形性。对于大多数应用,合金产品可通过含有75至约100体积%范围的无序相(例如,A2)的微观结构表征,从而相对于已知的Fe-Si钢,预计合金产品的磁性能会显著改进。
根据本发明的合金制品的中间体形式以厚度为0.0001英寸(2.54μm)至约0.1英寸(2.54mm)的薄规格板和带形式生产。优选的厚度包括0.002英寸(0.0508毫米),0.005英寸(0.127毫米),0.007英寸(0.178毫米),0.010英寸(0.254毫米),0.014英寸(0.356毫米),0.019英寸(0.483毫米)和0.025英寸(0.635毫米)。板或带产品的宽度取决于将使用合金的应用。通常,对于大多数应用,合金制品的宽度为约0.5-40英寸(12.7mm至101.6cm)。
根据本发明的合金制品优选通过如下生产:首先将合金熔融并浇铸成锭。凝固后,通过热轧和/或温轧而热机械加工锭,以形成厚度小于2英寸(5.08厘米)但大于0.05英寸(1.27毫米)的中间体伸长产品形式。在经选择以避免合金撕裂或开裂的温度范围内对中间体伸长产品进行热轧或温轧步骤。优选,从至少约2102°F (1150℃)的起始温度到不低于约1472°F (800℃)的结束温度进行热轧。优选从至少约1112°F (600℃)的起始温度到不低于约302°F (150℃)的结束温度进行温轧。在另一个实施方式中,中间体伸长产品可通过薄带连铸(strip casting)合金来制造。
随后以一定的速率冷却中间体伸长产品,该速率经选择以在合金冷却至室温时抑制有序相的可能形成。任选,该合金可在水、油、气体或任何其他合适的淬火介质中从超过有序-无序转变温度的温度淬火,以避免形成有序相。
在冷却步骤之后,通过冷轧或温轧进一步减小中间体伸长形式的厚度。在一个或多个通路中进行该冷轧或温轧步骤,以提供具有所需最终厚度的第二伸长形式。温轧步骤在与上述对于热机械加工步骤所述温度类似的温度下进行。可将合金的第二伸长形式进一步加工成有用的成品或半成品零件,例如叠片和其他冲压件。可将成品或半成品零件热处理,以消除在零件制造过程中在材料中诱导的应力或促进相变。用于应力消除的优选的热处理温度在752-1382ºF (400-750ºC)范围内,并且退火时间将取决于产品尺寸和厚度。合金制品可在诸如氢气、真空、氮气或其组合的气氛中退火。如果需要,第二伸长形式可在超过有序-无序温度的温度下或在低于有序-无序温度的温度下退火,这取决于合金带产品旨在用于的产品应用。在任何情况下,产品应在足够高的冷却速率下冷却,以在冷却过程中保持所需的微观结构并防止进一步沉淀。与产品尺寸和厚度一致地选择冷却速率。最终产品形式的特征为机械性能和磁性能以及高电阻率的良好组合。
本发明的合金和由其制成的制品可通过粉末冶金技术生产,包括本领域技术人员已知的粉末喷涂技术。还预期零件和部件可通过增材制造工艺由合金粉末制成。
可将本发明合金的带和板形式进一步加工成有用的成品或半成品零件,例如叠片、冲压件以及用于制造电磁设备的其他形式,电磁设备包括但不限于电动机和发电机、变压器、电感器、扼流线圈、致动器、喷油器和其他电动设备。在惰性气氛中,用于成品或半成品零件的应力消除的优选的热处理温度在752-1382ºF (400-750ºC)范围内。应力消除退火时间将取决于零件尺寸和厚度。
工作实施例
为了证明本发明的合金提供的性能的新颖组合,真空感应熔融13个实施例炉次(heat)并浇铸为40磅(18.1 kg)锭。炉次的重量百分比化学性质在下表1中呈现。各组成的余量为铁和通常的杂质。
表1
炉次编号3036、3041-3047和3037代表根据本发明的合金。炉次编号3038-3040和3058为对比合金。
如下将锭加工成带形式。将锭在1652-2282ºF (900-1250ºC)的温度范围内均化不同的持续时间,该持续时间基于锭的尺寸选择。将均化的锭从3.5英寸(8.9厘米)的正方形锻造为5英寸(12.7厘米)宽乘以0.25英寸(0.635厘米)厚度的板坯。将板坯在1472-2102ºF(800-1150ºC)的范围内热轧成不同厚度的带。将经热轧的带在392-1472ºF (200-800ºC)的温度下重新加热并温轧。在温轧至最终厚度后,将带冷却至室温。在下表2中显示来自每炉次的带样品的最终厚度(Thk.),以英寸为单位。
另外,在表2中列出来自表1中的炉次的带样品的磁测试结果,包括以微欧-厘米(µΩ-cm)为单位的电阻率;以千高斯(kG)为单位的最大饱和感应(Bm);以奥斯特(Oe)为单位的矫顽力;和直流导磁率(无单位)。条件A中的试样经温轧并且不退火。条件B中的试样在温轧后在1472ºF (800ºC)下退火10分钟。
表2
在本说明书中采用的术语和表达用作描述性术语,而不是限制性的。不旨在使用这些术语和表达来排除所显示和描述的特征或其部分的任何等同物。应认识到,在本文描述和要求保护的发明内,各种修改是可能的。
Claims (27)
1.一种具有良好成形性的软磁合金,所述合金具有化学式
Fe100-a-b-c-d-e-fSiaMbLcM'dM''eRf
其中M为Cr和Mo中的一种或二者;
L为Co和Ni中的一种或二者;
M'选自Al、Mn、Cu、Ge、Ga及其组合;
M''选自Ti、V、Hf、Nb、W及其组合;
R选自B、Zr、Mg、P、Ce及其组合;和
其中Si、M、L、M'、M''和R的重量百分比范围如下:
且合金的余量为铁和通常的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有至少约0.5%的L。
3.根据权利要求2所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有不超过约7%的L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有至少约0.75%的L。
5.根据权利要求4所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有不超过约6%的L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有至少约0.5%的M。
7.根据权利要求6所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有不超过约6%的M。
8.根据权利要求7所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有至少约1%的M。
9.根据权利要求1所述的软磁合金,其中,当所述合金含有一种或多种在合金中形成或可能形成碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物和/或硫化物的元素时,所述合金含有不超过约0.1%的碳、不超过约0.1%的氮和不超过约0.1%的硫。
10.一种具有良好成形性的软磁合金,所述合金具有化学式
Fe100-a-b-c-d-e-fSiaMbLcM'dM''eRf
其中M为Cr和Mo中的一种或二者;
L为Co和Ni中的一种或二者;
M'选自Al、Mn、Cu、Ge、Ga及其组合;
M''选自Ti、V、Hf、Nb、W及其组合;
R选自B、Zr、Mg、P、Ce及其组合;和
其中Si、M、L、M'、M''和R的重量百分比范围如下:
且合金的余量为铁和通常的杂质。
11.根据权利要求10所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有至少约0.75%的L。
12.根据权利要求11所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有不超过约5%的L。
13.根据权利要求10所述的软磁合金,所述软磁合金含有至少约1%的M。
14.根据权利要求13所述的磁性合金,所述软磁合金含有不超过约6%的M。
15.根据权利要求15所述的软磁合金,其中,当所述合金含有一种或多种在合金中形成或可能形成碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物和/或硫化物的元素时,所述合金含有不超过约0.1%的碳、不超过约0.1%的氮和不超过约0.1%的硫。
16.一种具有良好成形性的软磁合金,所述合金具有化学式
Fe100-a-b-c-d-e-fSiaMbLcM'dM''eRf
其中M为Cr和Mo中的一种或二者;
L为Co和Ni中的一种或二者;
M'选自Al、Mn、Cu、Ge、Ga及其组合;
M''选自Ti、V、Hf、Nb、W及其组合;
R选自B、Zr、Mg、P、Ce及其组合;和
其中Si、M、L、M'、M''和R的重量百分比范围如下:
且合金的余量为铁和通常的杂质。
17.根据权利要求16所述的软磁合金,其中,当所述合金含有一种或多种在合金中形成或可能形成碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物和/或硫化物的元素时,所述合金含有不超过约0.1%的碳、不超过约0.1%的氮和不超过约0.1%的硫。
18.一种具有良好成形性的软磁合金,所述合金具有化学式
Fe100-a-b-c-d-e-fSiaMbLcM'dM''eRf
其中M为Cr和Mo中的一种或二者;
L为Co和Ni中的一种或二者;
M'选自Al、Mn、Cu、Ge、Ga及其组合;
M''选自Ti、V、Hf、Nb、W及其组合;
R选自B、Zr、Mg、P、Ce及其组合;和
其中Si、M、L、M'、M''和R的重量百分比范围如下:
且合金的余量为铁和通常的杂质。
21.根据权利要求18所述的软磁合金,其中,当所述合金含有一种或多种在合金中形成或可能形成碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物和/或硫化物的元素时,所述合金含有不超过约0.1%的碳、不超过约0.1%的氮和不超过约0.1%的硫。
22.一种由软磁合金制造钢合金产品的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将合金熔融,所述合金具有化学式
Fe100-a-b-c-d-e-fSiaMbLcM'dM''eRf
其中M为Cr和Mo中的一种或二者;
L为Co和Ni中的一种或二者;
M'选自Al、Mn、Cu、Ge、Ga及其组合;
M''选自Ti、V、Hf、Nb、W及其组合;
R选自B、Zr、Mg、P、Ce及其组合;和
其中Si、M、L、M'、M''和R的重量百分比范围如下:
且合金的余量为铁和通常的杂质;
将所述合金浇铸成锭;
热机械加工所述锭,以提供厚度小于约2英寸的中间体伸长产品;
将所述中间体伸长产品冷却;随后
机械加工所述中间体伸长产品形式,以生产薄规格伸长产品。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中,所述热机械加工的步骤由热轧、温轧或热轧与温轧的组合组成。
24.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中,所述机械加工步骤由对中间体伸长产品形式进行温轧、冷轧或温轧与冷轧的组合组成。
25.根据权利要求22所述的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将所述中间体伸长产品加热至超过有序-无序转变温度的温度。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:以有效于抑制在合金中形成有序相的速率从所述温度冷却所述中间体伸长产品。
27.一种由合金形成的薄规格制品,所述合金具有化学式
Fe100-a-b-c-d-e-fSiaMbLcM'dM''eRf
其中M为Cr和Mo中的一种或二者;
L为Co和Ni中的一种或二者;
M'选自Al、Mn、Cu、Ge、Ga及其组合;
M''选自Ti、V、Hf、Nb、W及其组合;
R选自B、Zr、Mg、P、Ce及其组合;和
其中Si、M、L、M'、M''和R的重量百分比范围如下:
且合金的余量为铁和通常的杂质,所述薄规格制品的特征在于磁饱和感应高、导磁率高和延展性良好。
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CN113897559A (zh) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-07 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | 一种高饱和磁感低损耗软磁合金及其生产方法 |
CN114823031A (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-29 | 江西悦安新材料股份有限公司 | 铁硅合金组合物、铁硅磁粉芯及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN114381668B (zh) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-12-13 | 浙江大学 | 一种过饱和固溶软磁材料及其制备方法 |
CN118086791B (zh) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-08-27 | 北京理工大学重庆创新中心 | 抗高温氧化热成形钢及其制备方法与应用 |
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CN110720130B (zh) | 2023-02-03 |
BR112019023220A2 (pt) | 2020-05-26 |
EP3625808B1 (en) | 2022-04-13 |
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