CN110692464A - Rice mixed planting method for improving lodging resistance - Google Patents
Rice mixed planting method for improving lodging resistance Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention provides a rice mixed planting method for improving lodging resistance, which comprises the following steps of (1) selecting Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds, and soaking seeds for 2-5 days at normal temperature by using a seed soaking agent A mixed by uniconazole, brassinolide and water according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to (0.1-0.5) to 100; selecting BoII optimal 5128 rice seeds, and soaking the seeds in a seed soaking agent B mixed by uniconazole, fulvic acid and water according to the mass ratio of 1 (10-20) to 100 at the constant temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 1-3 days; (2) mixing the rice seeds of Y Liangyou 9918 and BoIIyou 5128 according to the proportion of 1 (1-2); manually broadcasting in 4 middle ten days of the month, and sowing 1-3 kg of seeds per mu; (3) applying enough base fertilizer, applying 8-11 kg of urea per mu in the seedling stage, applying 40-45 jin of urea per mu in the booting stage when the first internode of the base part is long, and applying 9-12 jin of urea per mu after the rice shoots; (4) reasonable irrigation; (5) pest control; the rice mixed planting method provided by the invention can be used for improving the yield of mixed-planting rice and the lodging resistance of the whole rice mixed planting direct seeding, realizing light production of direct seeding mixed planting of rice varieties with low lodging resistance and having good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a rice mixed cultivation method for improving lodging resistance.
Background
With the transfer of a large amount of labor in rural areas to cities, the simplified cultivation technology such as direct seeding of rice is favored by broad farmers. However, compared with transplanted rice, easy lodging is an important factor which restricts the simplification of the cultivation technology. When the rice is seriously lodging, the photosynthesis efficiency of the leaves can be reduced, the stalks are seriously damaged, the mechanical operation is influenced, the transportation efficiency of the transportation and conduction tissue is greatly reduced, the nutrient substance is not supplied enough, and the yield and the rice quality of the rice are finally influenced.
Therefore, in the rice production process adopting the rice direct seeding technology, a short early-maturing or medium-maturing variety with strong lodging resistance is often required to be selected, and the difficulty in popularization and application of a rice variety with low lodging resistance is increased, so that how to effectively improve the lodging resistance of rice in the rice direct seeding technology has important significance in realizing the lightness, specialization and scale production of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the rice mixed planting method for improving lodging resistance provided by the invention not only ensures high yield of rice, but also effectively improves the lodging resistance of the whole rice mixed planting direct seeding, realizes light production of the rice variety with low lodging resistance by effective direct seeding mixed planting, and has good application prospect.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a rice mixed planting method for improving lodging resistance, which comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection and seed soaking treatment
Selecting Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds, adopting a seed soaking agent A formed by mixing uniconazole, brassinolide and water according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to (0.1-0.5) to 100, carrying out seed soaking treatment for 2-5 days at normal temperature, wherein the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent A is as follows: (1-2): 1; soaking the seeds, and then preserving heat at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to the white;
selecting BoII optimal 5128 rice seeds, and adopting uniconazole, fulvic acid and water in a mass ratio of 1 (10-20): 100, carrying out constant-temperature seed soaking treatment for 1-3 days at 20-25 ℃, wherein the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent B is as follows: (2-3): 1; soaking the seeds, and then preserving heat at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to the white;
(2) sowing method
Mixing the rice seeds of Y Liangyou 9918 and BoIIyou 5128 obtained in the step (1) according to the weight ratio of 1 (1-2) to obtain mixed seeds; sowing the seeds manually in the middle ten days of 4 months, wherein 1-3 kg of qualified seeds are sowed per mu; firstly, 70% of mixed seeds are sowed, and then 30% of mixed seeds are used for filling up and thinning, so that the sowing uniformity is ensured;
(3) fertilization management
On the premise of applying enough base fertilizer, 8-11 kg of urea is applied to each mu in a seedling stage to promote tillering, 40-45 jin of urea is applied to each mu in a booting stage when the first section of the base part is long, the urea is used as a booting fertilizer, 9-12 jin of urea is applied to each mu to serve as a grain fertilizer after the rice is spilt, a topdressing fertilizer is applied in a heading stage, and each mu is diluted by 0.1-0.2 jin of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 60-70 jin of water and then is sprayed on the leaf surfaces;
(4) reasonable irrigation
Irrigating after sowing, and keeping a shallow water layer of 3-6 cm; draining water after seedling emergence, and irrigating horse race water for one time when small cracks appear in the field; keeping the soil moist before sowing to the three-leaf stage; intermittent irrigation and alternation of dryness and wetness are adopted from the three-leaf period to the booting period; keeping a shallow water layer of 2-4 cm in the field in the booting stage and the flowering stage; from the grouting period to the mature period, an intermittent irrigation method is adopted, and dry and wet are alternated; stopping watering 8-10 days before harvesting;
(5) pest control
Spray-controlling rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, rice leafhopper, flag leaf and entertainment in seedling stage by using Wenqiake; in the opening-breaking and heading-up period, validamycin and tricyclazole are sprayed to prevent and control rice stem blight, neck blast and brown planthopper, and the pesticide application is stopped in the day before 1 month of maturity.
Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of uniconazole, brassinolide and water of the seed soaking agent A is as follows: 1:0.1: 100; the mass ratio of uniconazole, fulvic acid and water of the seed soaking agent B is 1:15: 100.
Further, in the step (1), the Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds are subjected to seed soaking treatment for 3 days at normal temperature, and the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent A is as follows: 2: 1; the BoIIyou 5128 rice seeds are subjected to constant-temperature seed soaking treatment for 2 days at the temperature of 23 ℃, and the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent B is as follows: 3: 1. if the seed soaking time is too short, the seedling emergence is slow, the germination rate is low, the germination rate of the variety is influenced, and the seed soaking time is too long, so that the seed rot is easy to occur.
Further, in the step (1), after the Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds and the BoIIyou 5128 rice seeds are soaked for more than or equal to 24 hours, ultrasonic treatment is respectively carried out for 10-20 min by adopting ultrasonic waves, so that the germination of the rice seeds is promoted.
Further, in the step (2), the mixing ratio of the rice seeds of the Y Eryou 9918 and the BoIIyou 5128 is 1: 2.
Further explaining, in the step (2), after the sowing is finished, the seeds are hung in the soil by slightly shifting the soil, and the corn stalk ash is uniformly paved on the surfaces of the seeds to achieve the effects of preserving heat and promoting the emergence of the seeds.
Further explaining, in the step (2), when the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, the BoIIyou 5128 seedlings are subjected to uniform density and thinning treatment, and the thickness is 10-50 cm2Uniformly planting 1-2 seedlings.
Further, in the step (3), the base fertilizer is: 70-85 jin of compound fertilizer is applied per mu, wherein N is P2O5:K2O＝18:18:18。
Further, in the step (3), 9-10 kg of urea is applied to each mu in the seedling stage, and 42-43 jin of urea is applied to each mu in the booting stage. Effectively controlling the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, ensuring the rice yield, enabling the rice to grow robustly and being beneficial to lodging resistance.
Further explaining, in the step (4), watering is carried out after seeding is finished, and a 4-5 cm shallow water layer is kept; and keeping a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm in the field in the booting stage and the flowering stage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through selection of mixed planting varieties, combined direct seeding and mixed planting of a Y Liangyou 9918 rice variety which is high in yield, strong in regeneration capacity and weak in lodging resistance and a BoIIyou 5128 rice variety which is moderate in plant type, strong in disease resistance and good in yield is effectively realized, seeds of two different varieties are subjected to corresponding seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment respectively, and on the basis of regulating and controlling physiological and biochemical functions of rice, key parameters such as mixing proportion, seeding time and density, corresponding water and fertilizer management and pest control are controlled, so that different rice varieties form good advantage complementation effects, the high yield of rice is ensured, the lodging resistance of the whole rice mixed planting is effectively improved, effective mixed planting light-weight production of the rice variety with low lodging resistance is realized, and a good application prospect is realized.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1-a rice mixed-cropping method for improving lodging resistance, comprising the steps of:
(1) variety selection and seed soaking treatment
Selecting Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds, adopting a seed soaking agent A formed by mixing uniconazole, brassinolide and water according to the mass ratio of 2: 0.5:100, carrying out seed soaking treatment for 2-5 days at normal temperature, wherein the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent A is as follows: 1: 1; soaking the seeds, and then preserving heat at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to the white;
selecting BoII optimal 5128 rice seeds, and adopting uniconazole, fulvic acid and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 10: 100, carrying out constant-temperature seed soaking treatment for 1-3 days at 20-25 ℃, wherein the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent B is as follows: 2: 1; soaking the seeds, and then preserving heat at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to the white;
(2) sowing method
Mixing the rice seeds of Y Liangyou 9918 and BoIIyou 5128 obtained in the step (1) according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain mixed seeds;
selecting a field which is fertile and flat in texture and suitable for rice planting in the middle ten days of 4 months, performing land preparation and base fertilizer application, and performing manual broadcasting, wherein 1-3 kg of qualified seeds are sowed in each mu; firstly, 70% of mixed seeds are sowed, and then 30% of mixed seeds are used for filling up and thinning, so that the sowing uniformity is ensured; after the sowing is finished, slightly stirring soil to hang the seeds in the soil, and uniformly paving the corn stalk ash on the surfaces of the seeds; when the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, the BoIIyou 5128 seedlings are subjected to uniform density and thinning, 10-50 cm2Uniformly planting 1-2 seedlings;
(3) fertilization management
On the premise of applying enough base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is as follows: 70-85 jin of compound fertilizer is applied per mu, wherein N is P2O5, K2O is 18, 18 and 18; 8-11 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu in a seedling stage to promote tillering, 40-45 jin of urea is applied to each mu to serve as a booting fertilizer when the first internode of a base part is long in a booting stage, 9-12 jin of urea is applied to each mu to serve as a grain fertilizer after rice is spilt, a topdressing grain fertilizer is sprayed in a heading-leveling stage, 0.1-0.2 jin of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 60-70 jin of water are diluted in each mu to spray the leaves;
(4) reasonable irrigation
Irrigating after sowing, and keeping a shallow water layer of 3-6 cm; draining water after seedling emergence, and irrigating horse race water for one time when small cracks appear in the field; keeping the soil moist before sowing to the three-leaf stage; intermittent irrigation and alternation of dryness and wetness are adopted from the three-leaf period to the booting period; keeping a shallow water layer of 2-4 cm in the field in the booting stage and the flowering stage; from the grouting period to the mature period, an intermittent irrigation method is adopted, and dry and wet are alternated; stopping watering 8-10 days before harvesting;
(5) pest control
Spray-controlling rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, rice leafhopper, flag leaf and entertainment in seedling stage by using Wenqiake; in the opening-breaking and heading-up period, validamycin and tricyclazole are sprayed to prevent and control rice stem blight, neck blast and brown planthopper, and the pesticide application is stopped in the day before 1 month of maturity.
Example 2-a mixed planting method of rice for improving lodging resistance according to the mixed planting method of example 1, except that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of uniconazole, brassinolide and water of the seed soaking agent A is as follows: 1:0.1: 100; the mass ratio of uniconazole, fulvic acid and water of the seed soaking agent B is 1:15: 100; the Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds are soaked for 3 days at normal temperature, and the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent A is as follows: 2: 1; the BoIIyou 5128 rice seeds are subjected to constant-temperature seed soaking treatment for 2 days at the temperature of 23 ℃, and the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent B is as follows: 3: 1;
in the step (2), the mixing ratio of the rice seeds of Y Liangyou 9918 and BoIyou 5128 is 1:2, and the rest treatment is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 3-a mixed planting method of rice for improving lodging resistance, according to the mixed planting method of example 1, except that:
in the step (1), ultrasonic treatment is respectively carried out on Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds and BoIIyou 5128 rice seeds for 10-20 min by adopting ultrasonic waves after the seeds are soaked for more than or equal to 24 h;
in the step (2), the mixing ratio of the rice seeds of the Y Liangyou 9918 and the BoIIyou 5128 is 1: 2;
in the step (3), 9-10 kg of urea is applied to each mu in a seedling stage, and 42-43 jin of urea is applied to each mu in a booting stage;
in the step (4), after sowing, irrigating water, and keeping a 4-5 cm shallow water layer; and (3) keeping a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm in the field in the booting stage and the flowering stage, and performing the rest treatment in the same way as in the example 1.
Comparative example 1-a mixed cropping method of rice for improving lodging resistance according to the mixed cropping method of example 3, except that: mixing the rice seeds of Y Liangyou 9918 and BoIIyou 5128 according to the weight ratio of 1:3 to obtain mixed seeds; the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2-a mixed cropping method of rice for improving lodging resistance according to the mixed cropping method of example 3, except that: the rice seeds of Y Liangyou 9918 and BoIIyou 5128 are mixed according to the weight ratio of 3: 1 to obtain mixed seeds; the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3-a mixed cropping method of rice for improving lodging resistance, according to the mixed cropping method of example 3, except that: the rice seeds of Y Liangyou 9918 and BoIyou 5128 were treated by water soaking, and the rest of the treatments were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 4-a mixed cropping method of rice for improving lodging resistance according to the mixed cropping method of example 3, except that: in the step (3), 15 kg of urea is applied to each mu in a seedling stage, 48-50 kg of urea is applied to each mu in a booting stage, and the rest treatment is the same as that in the example 3.
According to the rice mixed planting method of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4, as 1-7 experimental groups, each group is provided with 3 repetitions, and corresponding items such as yield and lodging resistance are measured;
(1) and (3) yield determination: after the rice is mature, each rice is randomly selected to be 3m2Measuring the yield of the two varieties, winnowing, drying in the sun, weighing, measuring the moisture content, and converting the yield into the yield with the standard moisture content of 14%; and (4) taking 20 roots of rice to be investigated, taking the average effective ear number of the rice respectively, and taking 5 rice plants to test seeds according to the average effective ear number of the rice.
(2) Rice field lodging index: the field lodging index is field lodging area multiplied by field lodging degree.
The corresponding agronomic characters and the measurement results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the rice mixed planting method of the embodiments 1 to 3 has the advantages of obvious setting percentage, obviously increased yield, obviously reduced field lodging resistance index of two varieties, and obviously improved lodging resistance, while in the comparative examples 1 to 2, the mixing ratio, the seed soaking treatment, and the fertilization management of the rice seeds of the yiliangyou 9918 and the boiiyou 5128 are changed, so that the setting percentage, the yield reduction of the rice, and the lodging and plant diseases and insect pests are easily caused.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A rice mixed planting method for improving lodging resistance is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection and seed soaking treatment
Selecting Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds, adopting a seed soaking agent A formed by mixing uniconazole, brassinolide and water according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to (0.1-0.5) to 100, carrying out seed soaking treatment for 2-5 days at normal temperature, wherein the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent A is as follows: (1-2): 1; soaking the seeds, and then preserving heat at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to the white;
selecting BoII optimal 5128 rice seeds, and adopting uniconazole, fulvic acid and water in a mass ratio of 1 (10-20): 100, carrying out constant-temperature seed soaking treatment for 1-3 days at 20-25 ℃, wherein the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent B is as follows: (2-3): 1; soaking the seeds, and then preserving heat at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to the white;
(2) sowing method
Mixing the rice seeds of Y Liangyou 9918 and BoIIyou 5128 obtained in the step (1) according to the weight ratio of 1 (1-2) to obtain mixed seeds; sowing the seeds manually in the middle ten days of 4 months, wherein 1-3 kg of qualified seeds are sowed per mu; firstly, 70% of mixed seeds are sowed, and then 30% of mixed seeds are used for filling up and thinning, so that the sowing uniformity is ensured;
(3) fertilization management
On the premise of applying enough base fertilizer, 8-11 kg of urea is applied to each mu in a seedling stage to promote tillering, when the first section of the base part is long in a booting stage, 40-45 kg of urea is applied to each mu to serve as booting fertilizer, 9-12 jin of urea is applied to each mu to serve as grain fertilizer after the rice is sprouted, additional grain fertilizer is applied in a heading stage, and 0.1-0.2 jin of monopotassium phosphate and 60-70 jin of water are diluted and then sprayed on leaf surfaces of each mu;
(4) reasonable irrigation
Irrigating after sowing, and keeping a shallow water layer of 3-6 cm; draining water after seedling emergence, and irrigating horse race water for one time when small cracks appear in the field; keeping the soil moist before sowing to the three-leaf stage; intermittent irrigation and alternation of dryness and wetness are adopted from the three-leaf period to the booting period; keeping a shallow water layer of 2-4 cm in the field in the booting stage and the flowering stage; from the grouting period to the mature period, an intermittent irrigation method is adopted, and dry and wet are alternated; stopping watering 8-10 days before harvesting;
(5) pest control
Spray-controlling rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, rice leafhopper, flag leaf and entertainment in seedling stage by using Wenqiake; in the opening-breaking and heading-up period, validamycin and tricyclazole are sprayed to prevent and control rice stem blight, neck blast and brown planthopper, and the pesticide application is stopped in the day before 1 month of maturity.
2. The mixed rice cropping method for improving lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the mass ratio of uniconazole, brassinolide and water of the seed soaking agent A is as follows: 1:0.1: 100; the mass ratio of uniconazole, fulvic acid and water of the seed soaking agent B is 1:15: 100.
3. The mixed rice cropping method for improving lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds are soaked for 3 days at normal temperature, and the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent A is as follows: 2: 1; the BoIIyou 5128 rice seeds are subjected to constant-temperature seed soaking treatment for 2 days at the temperature of 23 ℃, and the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed soaking agent B is as follows: 3: 1.
4. the mixed rice cropping method for improving lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), ultrasonic treatment is respectively carried out on the Y Liangyou 9918 rice seeds and the BoIIyou 5128 rice seeds for 10-20 min by adopting ultrasonic waves after the seeds are soaked for more than or equal to 24 h.
5. The mixed rice cropping method for improving lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the mixing ratio of the rice seeds of the Y Liangyou 9918 and the BoIIyou 5128 is 1: 2.
6. The mixed rice cropping method for improving lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), after the sowing is finished, the seeds are hung in the soil by slightly shifting the soil, and the corn stalk ash is uniformly spread on the surfaces of the seeds.
7. The mixed rice cropping method for improving lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), when the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, the seedlings adopting BoIIyou 5128 are subjected to uniform density and thinning, and the thickness is 10-50 cm2Uniformly planting 1-2 seedlings.
8. The mixed rice cropping method for improving lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the base fertilizer is: 70-85 jin of compound fertilizer is applied per mu, wherein N is P2O5:K2O＝18:18:18。
9. The mixed rice cropping method for improving lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), 9-10 kg of urea is applied to each mu in the seedling stage, and 42-43 jin of urea is applied to each mu in the booting stage.
10. The mixed rice cropping method for improving lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), after sowing, irrigating water, and keeping a 4-5 cm shallow water layer; and keeping a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm in the field in the booting stage and the flowering stage.
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