CN110669913A - 一种高强汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢及其生产方法 - Google Patents
一种高强汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种高强汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢及其生产方法。钢中含有C:0.060%~0.090%、Si:0.010%~0.090%、Mn:1.10%~1.49%、P:0.020%~0.040%、S≤0.003%、Als:0.41%~0.59%、稀土元素La+Ce:0.020%~0.040%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。铸坯加热到1180~1200℃,保温1~2h;精轧区压下率>92%,精轧终轧温度760~820℃,恒速轧制速度3.5~4.5m/s;层流冷却的冷速8~10℃/s,640~660℃后进行超快速冷却,超快冷冷速>100℃/s,将钢板冷却至≤150℃后卷取并空冷至室温;钢板冷却至室温后进行酸洗。钢板的抗拉强度690~730MPa,屈强比0.55~0.59,延伸率≥27.0%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于轧钢技术领域,特别涉及到一种高强汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢板及其生产方法。本发明的热轧酸洗双相钢板主要适用于制造形状复杂的、表面质量要求较高的高强汽车车轮。
背景技术
随着汽车行业的发展,汽车零部件的制造方法及工艺得到较大提高,同时对钢铁材料的要求也越发严格。作为汽车的重要组成部分,汽车车轮的生产工艺也得到较大改进,并促使其对使用的钢铁材料提出更多个性化要求,如高通风孔车轮等技术含量较高的车轮产品,不仅要求钢材具有良好的力学性能指标和成形性能指标,还要求钢材具有良好的表面质量及良好的力学性能稳定性等,以满足其成形工序、电泳工序、外观等要求。由大量铁素体和少量马氏体组成的热轧双相钢以其良好的强塑性配比及优良的冷成形性能等优点,被广泛应用于汽车车轮生产,而目前市场上使用的传统热轧双相钢板已不能满足车轮制造领域技术发展而提出的苛刻要求。因此,开发具有优良综合性能的满足高端汽车车轮用高强热轧酸洗双相钢板已是必然。
公开号为CN107746931A的专利中提出了一种汽车车轮用热轧双相钢板及其制造方法,其采用C-Si-Mn-Cr-P成分体系,其中Si含量为0.1%~0.25%,Cr含量为0.50%~0.60%,P含量为0.035%~0.070%,钢板终轧后采用三段式冷却模式,可获得600MPa级综合性能良好的热轧双相钢板。该专利成分中Si含量较高,钢板表面质量不满足高端车轮用钢要求,钢板中含有较高含量的Cr元素导致成本较高,同时,成品钢板为热轧产品而不是热轧酸洗产品。
公开号为CN108467996A的专利中提出了一种车轮轮辐用铁素体/马氏体热轧双相钢及其制造方法,该钢板采用C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo成分体系,其中Si含量为0.4%~0.6%,Cr含量为0.30%~0.40%,Mo含量为0.1%~0.2%,其将连铸坯加热后进行轧制、冷却、酸洗、涂油,最终获得600MPa级热轧酸洗双相钢板,该专利提出的热轧酸洗双相钢中含量大量的Si、Cr、Mn元素,产品成本较高,表面质量不满足高端车轮用钢要求,且其生产工艺中没有明确提出酸洗工艺方案。
鉴于上述问题,开发具有良好表面质量和优良综合性能的高端汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢板成为当前趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对汽车车轮制造领域发展要求,提供一种具有良好表面质量和优良综合性能的高强热轧酸洗双相钢板及其生产方法。
具体的技术方案是:
本发明的高强汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢板的化学成分按质量百分数计,含有C:0.060%~0.090%、Si:0.010%~0.090%、Mn:1.10%~1.49%、P:0.020%~0.040%、S≤0.003%、Als:0.41%~0.59%、稀土(La+Ce):0.020%~0.040%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本发明钢板成分主要作用为:
C:碳主要是形成所需数量的马氏体和保证钢的强度。C含量过高影响钢板的焊接性能,C太低不利于得到马氏体组织,本发明中C的最优范围为0.060%~0.090%。
Si:硅可以扩大Fe-C相图的α+γ区,有利于促进奥氏体向铁素体转变,是双相钢中保证铁素体百分含量的主要元素,传统生产工艺中Si含量一般在0.50%以上。然而,Si含量过高会使钢板表面出现大量氧化铁皮,酸洗后钢板表面出现氧化条纹和色差等缺陷,不满足新工艺条件下车轮的制造要求。本发明提出的钢板成分采用低Si成分体系,Si含量为0.010%~0.090%。
Mn:锰是典型的奥氏体稳定化元素,显著提高钢的淬透性,并起到固溶强化和细化铁素体晶粒的作用,可显著推迟珠光体转变以及贝氏体转变。但Mn含量过高,在推迟珠光体转变的同时,也推迟铁素体的析出,并易于使钢板出现带状组织。因此,本发明中选定Mn含量为1.10%~1.49%。
P:磷能促进碳的扩散,推迟渗碳体生成,增加奥氏体稳定性;同时磷使马氏体岛的形态发生显著变化,使马氏体岛尺寸变细小,且均匀分布。本专利中磷含量为0.020%~0.040%。
S:硫通过形成MnS等硫化物夹杂,成为裂纹的起点而使加工性能恶化,因此含量越少越好,本发明将其上限定为0.003%。
Al:本专利中铝的作用与Si相似,已Al代Si有利于保障钢板中铁素体含量,并提高钢板表面质量,同时添加Al促使马氏体呈岛状分布,并起到一定的细化晶粒作用。本发明中Als的范围为0.41%~0.59%。
La+Ce:La+Ce为稀土元素,稀土元素具有强的脱氧、脱硫能力,并能改变硫化物夹杂形貌,可提高钢板的塑性,降低各向异性;稀土能够提高钢板的疲劳性能、改善钢板的焊接性能,同时提高钢板的冷成形性能。因此,本专利中将稀土(La+Ce)的含量控制为0.020%~0.040%。
本发明的高端汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢板的制造方法包括:板坯连铸-加热-轧制-冷却-酸洗,具体包含以下步骤:
(1)板坯连铸:在连铸过程中投入轻压下和电磁搅拌工艺,防止铸坯中心偏析、疏松等缺陷,减少钢板带状组织缺陷发生;
(2)加热工艺:将170~230mm厚的铸坯加热到1180~1200℃,并保温1~2小时。适当的加热温度和保温时间既可以使铸坯成分充分均匀,也可以保证原始奥氏体晶粒细小;
(3)轧制及冷却工艺:钢板精轧区压下率>92%,精轧终轧温度为760~820℃,采用恒速轧制,钢板抛钢速度为3.5~4.5m/s;终轧后采用层流冷却+超快速冷却的冷却模式,层流冷却的冷速为8~10℃/s,冷却至640~660℃后进行超快速冷却,超快速冷却的冷却速度>100℃/s,将钢板冷却至≤150℃后卷取并空冷至室温。
(4)酸洗工艺:钢板冷却至室温后进行酸洗,酸洗前对钢板进行拉矫,拉矫延伸率为0.2%~0.5%,酸洗液为盐酸,浓度为150~200g/l,钢板穿行速度为20~40m/min,酸洗过程中为带张力酸洗,张力为5~10KN,钢板成品厚度为3.0~6.0mm。
本发明中,钢板采用低温大压下工艺,有利于细化钢板组织,提高钢板组织中铁素体百分含量,降低了Si含量减少对钢板组织和力学性能的影响;采用恒速轧制而非传统加速轧制方法提高了钢板轧制参数控制精度,从而提高了钢板组织、力学性能和通卷性能均匀性和稳定性;钢板在层冷过程中产生大量细小铁素体,后快速冷却至低温区使残余奥氏体全部转变为马氏体,避免高温卷取产生的马氏体自回火现象,保证了钢板组织及力学性能特征;较小的拉矫延伸率在保证酸洗效果的前提下,有利于保证钢板保持较小的屈强比;较高的酸洗浓度和带张力酸洗等方法均可有效提高酸洗效果。
成品钢板组织由铁素体和马氏体组成,其中铁素体体积分数为85%~90%、马氏体体积分数为10%~15%;钢板的抗拉强度为690~730MPa,屈强比为0.55~0.59,延伸率≥27.0%;钢板晶粒度≥11级,带状组织≤1.0级,非金属夹杂物等级≤1.0级;成品钢板为酸洗表面,钢板表面质量良好,无氧化铁皮条纹、色差和裂纹等缺陷,钢板表面粗糙度Ra为0.8~1.0μm。
有益效果:
本发明同现有技术相比,有益效果如下:
(1)采用低Si成分设计,Si含量为0.01%~0.09%,远低于传统工艺中>0.5%的百分含量,可获得无氧化铁皮条纹、色差和裂纹等缺陷的高表面质量钢板,酸洗后钢板表面粗糙度Ra为0.8~1.0μm,适用于现有工艺条件下汽车车轮生产要求;
(2)采用低温大压下、恒速轧制、低温卷取等制造方法,使钢板具有细小的显微组织和良好的性能稳定性,钢板晶粒度>11级,不同批次钢板抗拉强度波动可控制在40MPa内;
(3)通过合理成分设计,以及冶炼、热轧及酸洗工艺参数配合,本专利提出钢板的抗拉强度高于690MPa,屈强比低于0.60,带状组织≤1.0级,非金属夹杂物等级≤1.0级,具有良好的成形性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2的钢板显微组织。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于具体说明本发明内容,这些实施例仅为本发明内容的一般描述,并不对本发明内容进行限制。
表1为本发明实施例钢的化学成分;表2为本发明实施例钢的轧制方法;表3为本发明实施例钢的冷却制度;表4为本发明实施例钢的酸洗制度;表5为本发明实施例钢的力学性能;表6为本发明实施例钢的晶粒度、带状组织、夹杂物等级及粗糙度。
表1本发明实施例钢板的化学成分wt%
实施例 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Als | La+Ce |
1 | 0.061 | 0.089 | 1.48 | 0.039 | 0.003 | 0.58 | 0.039 |
2 | 0.075 | 0.072 | 1.45 | 0.032 | 0.002 | 0.52 | 0.036 |
3 | 0.068 | 0.068 | 1.38 | 0.030 | 0.002 | 0.50 | 0.031 |
4 | 0.082 | 0.054 | 1.34 | 0.028 | 0.003 | 0.48 | 0.027 |
5 | 0.080 | 0.027 | 1.22 | 0.025 | 0.002 | 0.44 | 0.024 |
6 | 0.089 | 0.012 | 1.10 | 0.021 | 0.001 | 0.42 | 0.021 |
表2本发明实施例的轧制制度
表3本发明实施例的冷却制度
表4本发明实施例的酸洗制度
表5本发明实施例的组织及力学性能参数
表6本发明实施例的晶粒度、带状组织、夹杂物等级及粗糙度
实施例 | 晶粒度 | 带状组织 | 非金属夹杂物 | 粗糙度 |
1 | 11 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
2 | 13 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
3 | 12 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
4 | 11 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
5 | 12 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
6 | 12 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Claims (3)
1.一种高强汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢,其特征在于,钢中化学成分按质量百分比为:C:0.060%~0.090%、Si:0.010%~0.090%、Mn:1.10%~1.49%、P:0.020%~0.040%、S≤0.003%、Als:0.41%~0.59%、稀土元素La+Ce:0.020%~0.040%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质,钢板的抗拉强度为690~730MPa,屈强比为0.55~0.59,延伸率≥27.0%。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的高强汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢的生产方法,钢板的生产工艺为:板坯连铸-加热-轧制-冷却-酸洗,其特征在于,
(1)板坯连铸:在连铸过程中投入轻压下和电磁搅拌工艺,铸坯厚度为170~230mm;
(2)加热工艺:将铸坯加热到1180~1200℃,保温1~2小时;
(3)轧制及冷却工艺:精轧区压下率>92%,精轧终轧温度为760~820℃,采用恒速轧制,钢板抛钢速度为3.5~4.5m/s;终轧后采用层流冷却+超快速冷却的冷却模式,层流冷却的冷速为8~10℃/s,冷却至640~660℃后进行超快速冷却,超快速冷却的冷却速度>100℃/s,将钢板冷却至≤150℃后卷取并空冷至室温;
(4)酸洗工艺:钢板冷却至室温后进行酸洗,酸洗前对钢板进行拉矫,拉矫延伸率为0.2%~0.5%,酸洗时钢板穿行速度为20~40m/min,酸洗过程中为带张力酸洗,张力为5~10KN。
3.根据如权利要求2所述的高强汽车车轮用热轧酸洗双相钢的生产方法,其特征在于,所述酸洗工艺中,酸洗液为盐酸,浓度为150~200g/l。
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