CN110631681A - A detection method for the safe operation of high-speed rail tracks based on optical fiber distributed vibration monitoring - Google Patents
A detection method for the safe operation of high-speed rail tracks based on optical fiber distributed vibration monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及高铁路况监测技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于光纤分布式振动监测的高铁铁轨安全运行检测方法。The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed railway condition monitoring, in particular to a method for detecting safe operation of high-speed railway tracks based on optical fiber distributed vibration monitoring.
背景技术Background technique
行车安全是确保铁路正常高效运输的前提。近年来我国高铁建设发展迅速，运行速度越来越快，铁路行车安全及通信的重要性越来越显著，铁路通信光电缆的安全状况关系到整个铁路运输的正常运营。而铁路沿线地质条件复杂，土质多样，列车可能遇到的各种危险因素也在增多，尤其是偏远山区铁路路况复杂，铁路两侧边坡陡峭，自然灾害频发，沿线路况勘察多依靠人工，效率低和工作环境艰苦。特别是当高速铁路列车以250km/h及以上的速度运行时，目视瞭望已不能保证行车安全，必须依赖于在线监测技术和设备的应用。Traffic safety is the prerequisite to ensure normal and efficient railway transportation. In recent years, my country's high-speed railway construction has developed rapidly, and its operation speed has become faster and faster. The importance of railway traffic safety and communication has become more and more significant. The safety status of railway communication optical cables is related to the normal operation of the entire railway transportation. However, the geological conditions along the railway are complex and the soil quality is diverse, and the various risk factors that the train may encounter are also increasing, especially in remote mountainous areas. The road conditions are complex, the slopes on both sides of the railway are steep, and natural disasters occur frequently. Low efficiency and harsh working conditions. Especially when high-speed railway trains are running at a speed of 250km/h and above, visual observation can no longer guarantee driving safety, and must rely on the application of online monitoring technology and equipment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基于光纤分布式振动监测的高铁铁轨安全运行检测方法，能够实时监测高铁铁轨的振动幅度情况，且能实现超长距离、高精度的实时监测，抗电磁干扰，起到提前预警路况的作用，进而保障行车和人员的安全。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the safe operation of high-speed rail rails based on optical fiber distributed vibration monitoring, which can monitor the vibration amplitude of high-speed rail rails in real time, and can realize ultra-long-distance, high-precision real-time monitoring, anti-electromagnetic interference, and To the role of early warning of road conditions, thereby ensuring the safety of driving and personnel.
本发明采用的技术方案为：一种基于光纤分布式振动监测的高铁铁轨安全运行检测方法，包括如下步骤：The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for detecting the safe operation of high-speed rail tracks based on optical fiber distributed vibration monitoring, comprising the following steps:
a.将光纤作为传感器沿着铁轨电缆布置，组成传感光缆；a. Arrange the optical fiber as a sensor along the rail cable to form a sensing optical cable;
b. 根据列车车轮与轨道的摩擦噪声特性，光纤振动监测主机仿真正常情况下的轮轨噪声谱以及振动情况下的轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性；b. According to the frictional noise characteristics of train wheels and tracks, the optical fiber vibration monitoring host simulates the wheel-rail noise spectrum under normal conditions and the wheel-rail friction vibration noise characteristics under vibration conditions;
c.传感光缆实时采集轮轨摩擦产生的振动信号，并将振动信号传送至光纤振动监测主机；c. The sensor optical cable collects the vibration signal generated by the wheel-rail friction in real time, and transmits the vibration signal to the optical fiber vibration monitoring host;
d.光纤振动监测主机根据振动信号特性，开始预处理，进行空间域、时域和频域的重组；d. The fiber optic vibration monitoring host starts preprocessing according to the characteristics of the vibration signal, and performs reorganization in the space domain, time domain and frequency domain;
e.光纤振动监测主机开始模式识别算法处理，通过特征提取、分类判决和决策完成轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性分析；e. The fiber optic vibration monitoring host starts pattern recognition algorithm processing, and completes the analysis of wheel-rail friction vibration noise characteristics through feature extraction, classification judgment and decision-making;
f.将分析的轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性结果与仿真的振动情况下的轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性进行比对，确认轮轨摩擦振动情况。f. Compare the analyzed wheel-rail frictional vibration noise characteristics with the simulated wheel-rail frictional vibration noise characteristics under vibration conditions to confirm the wheel-rail frictional vibration conditions.
g.当轮轨摩擦振动幅度超出安全范围时，光纤振动监测主机进行报警。g. When the wheel-rail frictional vibration amplitude exceeds the safe range, the optical fiber vibration monitoring host will give an alarm.
优选的，所述的步骤a中，所述的传感光缆为振动敏感型的不锈钢铠装结构。Preferably, in the step a, the sensing optical cable is a vibration-sensitive stainless steel armored structure.
优选的，所述的步骤a中，光纤粘贴在铁轨电缆的侧面。Preferably, in step a, the optical fiber is pasted on the side of the rail cable.
优选的，所述的步骤a中，光纤作为传感器基于瑞利散射原理。Preferably, in the step a, the optical fiber is used as a sensor based on the principle of Rayleigh scattering.
优选的，所述的步骤c中，传感光缆能够采集振动信号的频率范围为0.1HZ~1KHZ。Preferably, in the step c, the frequency range of the sensing optical cable capable of collecting vibration signals is 0.1HZ~1KHZ.
优选的，所述的步骤e中，在仿真正常情况下的轮轨噪声谱以及振动情况下的轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性时，采用PGC算法进行处理。Preferably, in step e, when simulating the wheel-rail noise spectrum under normal conditions and the characteristics of wheel-rail friction vibration noise under vibration conditions, the PGC algorithm is used for processing.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过将光纤布置在铁轨电缆中，能够实现对铁轨长距离且高精度振动信号的实时监测，并将监测结果发送至光纤振动主机进行处理，分析出轮轨摩擦噪声特性，最终确定轮轨的摩擦振动幅度情况，当振动超出安全范围时，能够提前预警，保障行车的安全。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by arranging the optical fiber in the rail cable, the present invention can realize the real-time monitoring of the long-distance and high-precision vibration signal of the rail, and send the monitoring result to the optical fiber vibration host for processing, and analyze the wheel-rail friction Noise characteristics, finally determine the friction and vibration amplitude of the wheel and rail, when the vibration exceeds the safe range, it can give an early warning to ensure the safety of driving.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明包括如下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the present invention comprises the following steps:
a.将光纤作为传感器沿着铁轨电缆布置，组成传感光缆；a. Arrange the optical fiber as a sensor along the rail cable to form a sensing optical cable;
b. 根据列车车轮与轨道的摩擦噪声特性，光纤振动监测主机仿真正常情况下的轮轨噪声谱以及振动情况下的轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性；b. According to the frictional noise characteristics of train wheels and tracks, the optical fiber vibration monitoring host simulates the wheel-rail noise spectrum under normal conditions and the wheel-rail friction vibration noise characteristics under vibration conditions;
c.传感光缆实时采集轮轨摩擦产生的振动信号，并将振动信号传送至光纤振动监测主机；c. The sensor optical cable collects the vibration signal generated by the wheel-rail friction in real time, and transmits the vibration signal to the optical fiber vibration monitoring host;
d.光纤振动监测主机根据振动信号特性，开始预处理，进行空间域、时域和频域的重组；d. The fiber optic vibration monitoring host starts preprocessing according to the characteristics of the vibration signal, and performs reorganization in the space domain, time domain and frequency domain;
e.光纤振动监测主机开始模式识别算法处理，通过特征提取、分类判决和决策完成轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性分析；e. The fiber optic vibration monitoring host starts pattern recognition algorithm processing, and completes the analysis of wheel-rail friction vibration noise characteristics through feature extraction, classification judgment and decision-making;
f.将分析的轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性结果与仿真的振动情况下的轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性进行比对，确认轮轨摩擦振动情况。f. Compare the analyzed wheel-rail frictional vibration noise characteristics with the simulated wheel-rail frictional vibration noise characteristics under vibration conditions to confirm the wheel-rail frictional vibration conditions.
g.当轮轨摩擦振动幅度超出安全范围时，光纤振动监测主机进行报警。g. When the wheel-rail frictional vibration amplitude exceeds the safe range, the optical fiber vibration monitoring host will give an alarm.
所述的步骤a中，所述的传感光缆为振动敏感型的不锈钢铠装结构，具有抗压、频率通过性好的优点。In the step a, the sensing optical cable is a vibration-sensitive stainless steel armored structure, which has the advantages of compression resistance and good frequency passability.
所述的步骤a中，光纤粘贴在铁轨电缆的侧面，能够对铁轨的振动进行实时监测。In the step a, the optical fiber is pasted on the side of the rail cable, so that the vibration of the rail can be monitored in real time.
所述的步骤a中，光纤作为传感器基于瑞利散射原理。In the step a, the optical fiber is used as a sensor based on the principle of Rayleigh scattering.
所述的步骤c中，传感光缆能够采集振动信号的频率范围为0.1HZ~1KHZ，采集频率范围大且精度高。In the step c, the sensing optical cable can collect vibration signals in a frequency range of 0.1HZ-1KHZ, and the collection frequency range is large and the accuracy is high.
所述的步骤e中，在仿真正常情况下的轮轨噪声谱以及振动情况下的轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性时，采用PGC算法进行处理。In step e, when simulating the wheel-rail noise spectrum under normal conditions and the wheel-rail friction vibration noise characteristics under vibration conditions, the PGC algorithm is used for processing.
在使用时，将光纤固定于铁轨电缆的侧面，形成一个传感光缆，传感光缆实时采集轮轨摩擦时产生的振动信号，能够采集的振动信号的频率范围为0.1HZ~1KHZ，采集的频率范围大，且精度高，并将振动信号传送至光纤振动监测主机，对振动信号的频率进行空间域、时域和频域的重组处理，并通过模式识别算法进行特征提取、分类判决和决策的处理，完成轮轨摩擦振动噪声特性分析，并与仿真情况下的轮轨摩擦振动噪声比对，确认轮轨摩擦振动情况，当振动幅度超出安全范围时，光纤振动监测主机进行报警，提前预警路况，便于工作人员及时采取应对措施，保障行车和人员的安全。When in use, the optical fiber is fixed on the side of the rail cable to form a sensing optical cable. The sensing optical cable collects the vibration signal generated by the wheel-rail friction in real time. The frequency range of the vibration signal that can be collected is 0.1HZ~1KHZ. It has a large range and high precision, and transmits the vibration signal to the fiber optic vibration monitoring host, reorganizes the frequency of the vibration signal in the space domain, time domain and frequency domain, and performs feature extraction, classification judgment and decision-making through the pattern recognition algorithm processing, complete the analysis of wheel-rail friction vibration noise characteristics, and compare it with the wheel-rail friction vibration noise under simulation conditions to confirm the wheel-rail friction vibration situation. When the vibration amplitude exceeds the safe range, the optical fiber vibration monitoring host will give an alarm to give early warning of road conditions , so that the staff can take timely countermeasures to ensure the safety of driving and personnel.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111845843A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-30 | 南京大学 | A method for detecting safe operation of high-speed rail tracks based on optical fiber distributed vibration monitoring |
| CN111854921A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-30 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Distributed optical fiber deceleration strip vibration early warning system and method |
| CN112611442A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-04-06 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Railway bridge health monitoring method and system based on track accompanying optical cable |
| CN114084198A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-25 | 山东大学 | Train state recognition and warning system and method based on distributed acoustic wave sensing |
| CN115112763A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-09-27 | 南京大学 | A real-time monitoring method of high-speed rail sound barrier health status based on DAS |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111845843A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-30 | 南京大学 | A method for detecting safe operation of high-speed rail tracks based on optical fiber distributed vibration monitoring |
| CN111854921A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-30 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Distributed optical fiber deceleration strip vibration early warning system and method |
| CN112611442A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-04-06 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Railway bridge health monitoring method and system based on track accompanying optical cable |
| CN114084198A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-25 | 山东大学 | Train state recognition and warning system and method based on distributed acoustic wave sensing |
| CN115112763A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-09-27 | 南京大学 | A real-time monitoring method of high-speed rail sound barrier health status based on DAS |
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