CN110579900A

CN110579900A - Substrate, preparation method thereof, display panel and display device

Info

Publication number: CN110579900A
Application number: CN201910882168.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孟宪东; 谭纪风; 王维; 董水浪; 孟宪芹; 凌秋雨; 田依杉; 郭宇娇; 陈小川
Original assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-18
Filing date: 2019-09-18
Publication date: 2019-12-17

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a substrate, a preparation method of the substrate, a display panel and a display device. The method is used for solving the problems of human visual interference and low contrast caused by diffraction when the ambient light irradiates the light-taking grating in the related technology. The embodiment of the invention provides a substrate, which comprises a light guide plate and a plurality of light-taking gratings arranged on the light guide plate, wherein the light-taking gratings are arranged at intervals in an array form in the thickness direction perpendicular to the light guide plate; the light-extracting grating is used for collimating and extracting light rays transmitted along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light guide plate and reflecting the collimated and extracted light rays to one side of the light guide plate, which is far away from the light-extracting grating. The embodiment of the invention is used for preventing the interference problem of human vision caused by diffraction of the light-taking grating on the ambient light and improving the contrast.

Description

Substrate, preparation method thereof, display panel and display device

Technical Field

the invention relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a substrate, a preparation method of the substrate, a display panel and a display device.

Background

the liquid crystal display device is a display device currently used in a large scale, has the advantages of high color gamut, lightness, thinness, fast response time and the like, and has mature technology in the aspects of theoretical research and actual process. Under different application requirements, the display requirements of application scenes such as conventional display, naked-eye 3D display, light field display, peep-proof display, virtual reality and augmented reality can be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a substrate, a preparation method thereof, a display panel and a display device. The method is used for solving the problems of human visual interference and low contrast caused by diffraction when the ambient light irradiates the light-taking grating in the related technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a substrate, including a light guide plate, and a plurality of light extraction gratings disposed on the light guide plate, where the plurality of light extraction gratings are arranged at intervals in an array form in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the light guide plate; the light-extracting grating is used for collimating and extracting light rays transmitted along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light guide plate and reflecting the collimated and extracted light rays to one side of the light guide plate, which is far away from the light-extracting grating.

optionally, the light extraction grating comprises a plurality of wire grids arranged on the light guide plate at equal intervals, and a plurality of light reflecting layers arranged on one side of the light guide plate far away from the wire grids.

Optionally, the substrate further includes a light shielding pattern disposed on a side of the light extraction grating away from the light guide plate in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the light shielding pattern is used for shielding light incident from one side of the light shielding pattern from the light extraction grating.

Optionally, the substrate further includes a transparent medium layer disposed on a side of the light guide plate away from the light extraction grating, and a refractive index of the transparent medium layer is smaller than a refractive index of the light guide plate.

In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display panel, where the display panel has a display area, and the display area includes a plurality of sub-pixels; the display panel comprises a first substrate and a second substrate which are arranged oppositely, and a liquid crystal dimming element which is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate and is positioned in the area where each sub-pixel is positioned, wherein the first substrate is the substrate, the second substrate is arranged on one side, away from the light-taking grating, of the light guide plate in the first substrate, and the light-taking grating corresponds to the sub-pixels one by one; and aiming at each sub-pixel, the liquid crystal dimming element is used for deflecting the light rays which are collimated and taken out by the light taking grating and then emitting the light rays through the gap between the light taking gratings.

optionally, the liquid crystal dimming element includes a liquid crystal prism or a liquid crystal grating.

Optionally, the liquid crystal dimming element includes a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the first substrate and/or the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

in another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, including the display panel as described above, and a controller; the controller is used for adjusting the driving voltage in each sub-pixel according to an image to be displayed, so that the collimated light rays taken out by the light taking gratings are deflected through the liquid crystal dimming element and then are emitted out through gaps among the light taking gratings.

Optionally, the display device further includes a camera, and in the case that the liquid crystal dimming element includes a liquid crystal prism; the camera is used for collecting the eyeball position of a person, and the controller is further used for adjusting the driving voltage in each sub-pixel according to the eyeball position of the person collected by the camera, so that the collimated light rays taken out by the light taking grating are deflected by the liquid crystal dimming element and then point to the eyeball direction of the person.

in another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a substrate, including: the light extraction grating is used for collimating and extracting light rays transmitted along the thickness direction of the light guide plate and reflecting the collimated and extracted light rays to one side of the light guide plate, which is far away from the light extraction grating.

optionally, in a case that the light extraction grating includes a plurality of wire grids disposed at equal intervals on the light guide plate, and a light reflection layer disposed on a side of the plurality of wire grids away from the light guide plate; forming a plurality of light-extracting gratings on the light guide plate; the method comprises the following steps: forming a wire grid material layer on the light guide plate; forming a plurality of wire grids contained in each light-taking grating on the light guide plate in a mode of combining imprinting, exposure and etching processes; and the light reflecting layer is formed on one side, away from the light guide plate, of the plurality of wire grids contained in each light extraction grating.

Optionally, the material of the wire grid material layer is a silicon nitride material, and the material of the light reflecting layer is a metal material.

The embodiment of the invention provides a substrate, a preparation method of the substrate, a display panel and a display device. By utilizing the display principle of the reflection-type display panel, when the collimated light rays taken out by the light taking grating irradiate on the liquid crystal dimming element, the light taking grating is used as a front light source of the display panel, and the liquid crystal dimming element can realize the display function by reflecting the collimated light rays irradiated on the light taking grating to the space between the light taking gratings. In the process, on the one hand, the problem of human visual interference caused by diffraction of the light-taking grating in the related art due to the fact that the light-taking grating collimates and takes light upwards is different from the problem that the light-taking grating cannot be shielded by a shading pattern and diffracts environmental light (including upper environmental light and lower environmental light), the light-taking grating collimates and takes light downwards (no light exists above), and therefore on the other hand, the problem that human visual interference caused by diffraction of the light-taking grating on the upper environmental light is avoided; on the other hand, when the lower ambient light is irradiated onto the light-taking grating, the diffraction effect of the lower ambient light is downward diffraction, and the front view of people is not influenced. Thereby enabling improved clarity. In the second aspect, since the light-extracting grating is a collimated downward light-extracting grating, in a dark state, the whole extracted light is transmitted downward (no light is emitted from the upper part), and the problem of low contrast caused by the fact that the shading pattern cannot shade the small hole diffraction of the light-extracting grating in the related art does not exist.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a problem that an optical grating diffracts ambient light above the optical grating to interfere with the vision of human eyes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a problem that an interference problem is caused to a human eye vision by diffraction of an optical grating for taking light to an environment below according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of another display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal grating according to an embodiment of the present invention, which emits light after diffracting the light;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal prism according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing light rays after being reflected;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another liquid crystal prism according to an embodiment of the present invention, which reflects light and emits the light;

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an array substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal prism according to an embodiment of the present invention for reflecting light to realize directional display;

Fig. 11 is a schematic view illustrating a display principle of a TN type display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for fabricating a substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of forming a plurality of light extraction gratings on a light guide plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a wire grid material layer formed on a light guide plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a structure of forming an imprint resist on a gate material layer based on fig. 14 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the invention, based on fig. 15, for forming an imprint resist pattern by an imprint technique;

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a wire grid structure layer formed based on fig. 16 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of wire grids included in each light extraction grating formed based on fig. 17 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a structure of the wire grid material layer and the imprint glue pattern removed from the wire grid material layer according to fig. 16 after the portions of the two wire grid material layers respectively correspond to two light extraction gratings according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of forming a light shielding pattern based on fig. 13 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, as shown in fig. 1, including a display panel 1 and a controller.

As shown in fig. 1, the display panel 1 has a display area a and a peripheral area S, and the display area a is provided with a plurality of sub-pixels P. The peripheral region S is used for wiring, and the gate driving circuit may be disposed in the peripheral region S.

Here, as shown in fig. 1, an example in which a plurality of subpixels P are arranged in a matrix will be described. In this case, the sub-pixels P arranged in a line in the horizontal direction X are referred to as the same row of sub-pixels, and the sub-pixels P arranged in a line in the vertical direction Y are referred to as the same column of sub-pixels. The same row of subpixels P may be connected to one gate line, and the same column of subpixels P may be connected to one data line.

as shown in fig. 2, the display panel 1 includes a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12 disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal dimming element 13 disposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 and located in a region where each sub-pixel P is located.

In an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the first substrate 11 includes a light guide plate 111, and a plurality of light extraction gratings 112 disposed on the light guide plate 111, the light extraction gratings 112 are arranged at intervals in an array form in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the light guide plate 111; the light extraction grating 112 is used for collimating and extracting light rays transmitted in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light guide plate 111, and reflecting the collimated and extracted light rays to a side of the light guide plate 111 away from the light extraction grating 112.

That is, the light extraction grating 112 is a reflection grating. For example, a plurality of parallel scores may be engraved on the surface coated with the metal layer, and the metal surface between the two scores is used to reflect light, and the grating is called a reflection grating.

in the above structure, on the one hand, the light is collimated and taken out by breaking the propagation path in the light guide plate 111 by the structural parameters of the notches, and on the other hand, the light is collimated and taken out downward by the reflected light of the metal surface between the two notches.

Based on the above structure, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the second substrate 12 is disposed on a side of the light guide plate 111 of the first substrate 11, which is away from the light extraction grating 112, and the light extraction gratings 112 and the sub-pixels P are in one-to-one correspondence. For each sub-pixel P, the liquid crystal light adjusting element 13 is configured to deflect the light collimated and extracted by the light extraction grating 112 and then emit the light through the gap between the light extraction gratings 112.

That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first substrate 11 may be an opposite substrate of the display panel 1, and both the light-emitting side and the light-entering side are located on a side of the opposite substrate away from the array substrate. Compared with the related art in which the light-emitting side of the display panel is located on the side of the opposite substrate away from the array substrate, and the light-entering side of the display panel is located on the side of the array substrate away from the opposite substrate, the display panel 1 is a reflective display panel.

based on the display principle of the reflective display panel, when the collimated light extracted by the light extraction grating 112 is irradiated onto the liquid crystal dimming element 13, the light extraction grating 112 is used as a front light source of the display panel, and the liquid crystal dimming element 13 reflects the collimated light irradiated thereon to between the light extraction gratings 112, thereby realizing the display function. In this process, in a first aspect, as shown in fig. 3 and 4 in the related art, the light-extracting grating 112 collimates the upward light-extraction, and the light-extracting grating 112 cannot be shielded by the light-shielding pattern 113, which causes different human eye vision interference problems for diffraction of ambient light (including the upper ambient light and the lower ambient light), and the light-extracting grating 112 collimates the downward light-extraction (no light is above), so that, on the one hand, no light-extracting grating 112 diffracts the upper ambient light to cause human eye vision interference problems; on the other hand, when the lower ambient light is irradiated onto the light-extracting grating 112, the diffraction effect of the lower ambient light is downward diffraction, and the front view of a person is not affected. Thereby enabling improved clarity. In the second aspect, since the light extraction grating 112 extracts light downward in a collimated manner, in a dark state, the whole extracted light is transmitted downward (no light exists above), and there is no problem in the related art that the light shielding pattern 113 cannot shield diffraction of the small holes of the light extraction grating 112, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, which results in low contrast.

The specific structure of the light extraction grating 112 is not limited.

in an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the light extraction grating 112 includes a plurality of wire grids 1121 disposed on the light guide plate 111 at equal intervals, and a light reflection layer 1122 disposed on a side of the plurality of wire grids 1121 away from the light guide plate 111.

In the embodiment of the present invention, by setting the structural parameters (the line width of the wire grids 1121, the distance between two wire grids 1121, the duty ratio, etc.) of the plurality of wire grids 1121, the light in the light guide plate 111 can be collimated and extracted, and at the same time, the light can be collimated and extracted downward by reflecting the extracted collimated light through the light reflecting layer 1122.

The material of the wire grids 1121 can be a silicon nitride material, and the light reflecting layer can be a metal layer. That is, the light is collimated downward by the waveguide effect of the light extraction grating 112 according to the difference in refractive index between the wire grid 1121 and the light reflecting layer 1122.

According to different structural parameters of the wire grids 1121, the light rays extracted by the light extraction grating 112 can be extracted vertically downward or obliquely downward.

Based on this, in an embodiment of the invention, as shown in the figure, the line width of the wire grid 1121 may be 100-.

In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the first substrate 11 further includes a light shielding pattern 113 disposed on a side of the light extraction grating 112 away from the light guide plate 111, and the light shielding pattern 113 is used for shielding light incident from the light shielding pattern 113 side from being incident on the light extraction grating 112.

in the embodiment of the present invention, by providing the light shielding pattern 113, diffraction and/or reflection of the upper ambient light by the light extraction grating 112 can be shielded. The problem that the light shielding pattern 113 cannot shield diffraction of the light-taking grating 112 on ambient light to cause human vision interference in the related art is solved, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.

The specific structure of the liquid crystal dimming element 13 is not limited, as long as the liquid crystal dimming element 13 can deflect the collimated light rays irradiated thereon to the gap between the light extracting structures 112 for emitting, so as to implement reflective display.

In an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7 and fig. 8, the liquid crystal dimming element 13 is a liquid crystal grating or a liquid crystal prism.

That is, as shown in fig. 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the liquid crystal dimming element 13 may include first and second electrodes 131 and 132 disposed on the first and/or second substrates 11 and 12, and a liquid crystal layer 133 disposed between the first and second substrates 11 and 12. The first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 may be a pixel electrode and a common electrode, respectively. When the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are both disposed on the first substrate 11 or the second substrate 12, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are insulated from each other.

that is, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 may be both disposed on the first substrate 11, in which case the first substrate 11 serves as an array substrate. The first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 may be disposed on the second substrate 12, in which case the second substrate 12 serves as an array substrate. At this time, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 may be attached to the second substrate 12 by an OC (optical clear) optical paste, and a transparent display may be implemented.

regardless of whether the first substrate 11 is used as an array substrate or the second substrate 12 is used as an array substrate, as shown in fig. 9, the array substrate is further provided with a thin film transistor 10 on the wire grid material layer substrate 110 in a region where each sub-pixel P is located. The thin film transistor 10 includes an active layer, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a Gate electrode (Gate), and a Gate insulating layer (GI for short), the source electrode and the drain electrode are respectively in contact with the active layer, and the pixel electrode is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor 10. In this case, the pixel electrode and the common electrode are both of a comb-tooth structure including a plurality of strip-shaped sub-electrodes. As shown in fig. 3, the pixel electrode and the common electrode are disposed at different layers. In other embodiments, the common electrode is disposed on the opposite substrate. The array substrate further comprises a grid line and a data line, wherein the grid electrode of the thin film transistor 10 is electrically connected with the grid line, and the source electrode of the thin film transistor is electrically connected with the data line. The thin film transistor 10 on the array substrate is used to control whether a signal is applied to the pixel electrode, when a signal is input to the gate line, the thin film transistor connected to the gate line is turned on, and a signal on the data line is applied to the pixel electrode through the turned-on thin film transistor 10.

Based on the above structure, as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, by applying different voltages between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 in the region of one sub-pixel P, an electric field gradient is formed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 11, so that the liquid crystal layer 133 can form a liquid crystal prism or a liquid crystal grating in the region of the sub-pixel P.

Under the condition that a liquid crystal prism is formed in the region where each sub-pixel P is located, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the collimated light irradiated on the liquid crystal prism can be reflected to the gap between the light-extracting gratings 112 by using the reflection action of the liquid crystal prism, and the multi-gray scale display can be realized by adjusting the base angle and the refractive index of the liquid crystal prism (the light is deflected to the gap between the two light-extracting gratings to realize the outgoing efficiency, that is, when the light is deflected to the light-extracting gratings 112, the light is diffracted downwards by the light-extracting gratings 112 and does not exit).

Under the condition that the liquid crystal grating is formed in the region where each sub-pixel P is located, as shown in fig. 6, the collimated light irradiated on the liquid crystal grating can be scattered by utilizing the diffraction effect of the liquid crystal grating and diffracted into the gap between the light-taking gratings 112, and different diffraction rates of the liquid crystal grating to incident light can be realized by adjusting the periodic parameters (such as the grating line spacing, the width, the duty ratio and the like of the liquid crystal grating) of the liquid crystal grating, so that multi-gray scale display is realized.

In the case of the liquid crystal prism, since the reflection of the collimated light is adjusted, the liquid crystal layer 133 may use liquid crystal molecules having a large refractive index difference in order to ensure the liquid crystal luminous efficiency. The refractive index difference is a difference between the refractive index in the long axis direction and the refractive index in the short axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules.

The structure of the liquid crystal prism is different according to the different structural parameters of the light-extracting grating 112, and the extracted light is extracted vertically downwards or obliquely downwards.

For example, as shown in fig. 7, in the case that the light extracted by the light extraction grating 112 is extracted vertically downward, the liquid crystal prism may have an inverted trapezoidal structure, and in this case, the propagation path of the collimated light incident on the liquid crystal prism is as shown by arrow a in fig. 7, so that the collimated light can be reflected to the gap between the light extraction gratings 112 by the reflection action of the liquid crystal prism to be emitted.

As another example, as shown in fig. 8, in the case that the light extracted by the light extraction grating 112 is extracted obliquely downward, the liquid crystal prism may have a triangular structure, and at this time, the propagation path of the collimated light incident on the liquid crystal prism is shown by an arrow b in fig. 8, so that the collimated light can be deflected to the gap between the light extraction gratings 112 by the reflection action of the liquid crystal prism to be emitted.

Based on the above structure, the controller is configured to adjust the driving voltage (i.e., the voltage between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132) in each sub-pixel P according to the image to be displayed, so that the collimated light extracted by the light extraction grating 112 is deflected by the liquid crystal dimming element 13 and then emitted through the gap between the light extraction gratings 112.

Based on the above structure, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10, in the case that the liquid crystal light adjusting element 13 is a liquid crystal prism, and the display device further includes a camera, the camera is used for acquiring the eyeball position of the person, and the controller is further used for adjusting the driving voltage in each sub-pixel P according to the eyeball position of the person acquired by the camera, so that the collimated light extracted by the light extracting grating 112 is deflected by the liquid crystal light adjusting element 13 and then points to the eyeball direction of the person.

That is, the directional display can be realized by adjusting the base angle of the liquid crystal prism according to the position of the eyeball of the person, and at this time, the display device can be applied to the technical fields of directional display, augmented reality display, and the like.

for example, the controller may convert the position of the human eyeball into angle information of the human eyeball relative to each sub-pixel, and adjust the base angle of each liquid crystal prism according to the angle information of the human eyeball relative to each sub-pixel and the angle information of the collimated light rays extracted by the light extraction grating 112 relative to each sub-pixel, so that the collimated light rays incident on each sub-pixel are deflected by the liquid crystal prism and then point to the direction of the human eyeball.

As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the display device may further include a light source assembly disposed at a side of the light guide plate 111 in the first substrate 11, and the light source assembly is configured to transmit the emitted light in the form of total reflection in the light guide plate 111.

The Light source assembly may include a lamp housing, and an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) disposed in the lamp housing.

In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 5, the first substrate 11 further includes a transparent medium layer 114 disposed on a side of the light guide plate 111 away from the light extraction grating 112, and a refractive index of the transparent medium layer 114 is smaller than a refractive index of the light guide plate 111. The total reflection effect of the light in the light guide plate 111 can be improved.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 may be further provided with an alignment layer 14, and the alignment layer 14 may enable the liquid crystal layer 133 to have an initial alignment. Of these, fig. 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 only show a schematic view of disposing the alignment layer 14 on the first substrate 11, and those skilled in the art can understand that the alignment layer 14 is also disposed on the second substrate 12 in order to make the liquid crystal layer 133 have an initial alignment.

here, taking the display panel as a TN (Twisted Nematic) type display panel as an example, as shown in fig. 11, the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are respectively disposed on the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the alignment layer 14 is formed on the surfaces of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132, so that the liquid crystal molecules on the surfaces of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132 are aligned in a certain direction, and the alignment directions of the upper and lower electrodes are perpendicular to each other, and the liquid crystal molecules between the upper and lower electrodes tend to be aligned in parallel due to van der waals force, but since the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules on the upper and lower electrodes are perpendicular to each other, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is gradually Twisted from the alignment of the upper electrode in the 0 degree direction to the alignment of the lower electrode in the 90 degree direction, and the entire twist is 90 degrees when viewed from a top view.

when no driving voltage is applied, after the collimated light passes through the upper substrate, the polarization direction of the collimated light is rotated by 90 degrees by the rotation of the liquid crystal molecules, so that light passes through, and accordingly, almost no reflected light exits, which is a dark state. When voltage is applied, the dipole moment of the liquid crystal molecules points to the direction of an electric field, so that the collimated light passing through the upper substrate is not twisted by 90 degrees, the light is not transmitted, and is deflected and then emitted, and the light is in a bright state, so that the display function is realized.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a substrate, referring to fig. 12, including:

s1, as shown in fig. 13, forming a plurality of light extraction gratings 112 on the light guide plate 111, wherein the light extraction gratings 112 are arranged at intervals in an array form in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light guide plate 111, and the light extraction gratings 112 are used for collimating and extracting the light transmitted in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light guide plate 111 and projecting the collimated and extracted light to a side of the light guide plate 111 away from the light extraction gratings 112.

In an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 13, in the case that the light extraction grating 112 includes a plurality of wire grids 1121 disposed on the light guide plate 111 at equal intervals, and a light reflection layer 1122 disposed on a side of the plurality of wire grids 1121 away from the light guide plate 111; forming a plurality of light extraction gratings 112 on the light guide plate 111; the method can comprise the following steps:

s11, as shown in fig. 14, the wire grid material layer 100 is formed on the light guide plate 111.

The material of the wire grid material layer 100 may be a silicon nitride material.

S12, forming a plurality of wire grids 1121 included in each light extraction grating 112 by a combination of imprinting, exposing, and etching processes.

the multiple wire grids included in each light-extracting grating can be formed in different combination modes through combination of stamping, exposure and etching processes.

The manner in which the plurality of wire grids included in each light extraction grating are formed will be described in detail below by way of the following example.

In a first example, as shown in fig. 15, an imprinting glue layer 200 is formed on the gate material layer 100. Then, as shown in fig. 16, an imprinting glue pattern 300 may be formed on the imprinting glue layer 200 by an imprinting technique, and then, as shown in fig. 17, the wire grid material layer 100 is etched under a mask of the imprinting glue pattern 300 to form a wire grid structure layer 400; finally, photoresist is formed on the wire grid structure layer 400, and the entire imprint resist pattern 300 and the portion of the wire grid structure layer 400 corresponding to the two light extraction gratings 112 are removed through exposure, development and etching processes, so that a plurality of wire grids 1121 included in each light extraction grating 112 can be formed, and the structure shown in fig. 18 is obtained.

In a second example, as shown in fig. 15, an imprinting glue layer 200 is formed on the gate material layer 100. Then, as shown in fig. 16, an imprinting glue pattern 300 may be formed on the imprinting glue layer 200 by an imprinting technique. Then, a photoresist is formed on the imprint resist pattern 300, portions of the imprint resist pattern 300 and the wire grid material layer 100 respectively corresponding to the two light extraction gratings 112 are removed through exposure, development and etching processes, and the photoresist is removed, so that the structure shown in fig. 19 is obtained. Finally, under the mask of the portion of the imprint resist pattern 300 corresponding to the light extraction grating 112, the portion of the wire grid material layer 100 corresponding to the light extraction grating 112 is etched to form a plurality of wire grids 1121 included in each light extraction grating 112, and the imprint resist pattern 300 is removed, so as to obtain the structure shown in fig. 18.

of course, the plurality of wire grids 1121 included in each light extraction grating 112 may also be formed directly through exposure, development and etching processes, and the specific preparation method is not described in detail.

s13, a light reflecting layer 1122 is formed on the side of the wire grids 1121 included in each light extraction grating 112 away from the light guide plate 111, so as to obtain the structure shown in fig. 13.

the material of the light-reflecting layer 1122 may be a metal material.

The beneficial technical effects of the preparation method of the substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention are the same as those of the display panel provided by the embodiment of the invention, and are not repeated herein.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, in the case where the substrate further includes a light shielding pattern; as shown in fig. 12, the preparation method further includes: s2, the light shielding patterns 113 are correspondingly formed on the side of the light extraction grating 112 away from the light guide plate 111, and the light shielding patterns 113 are used for shielding the light incident from the side of the light shielding patterns 113 from the light extraction grating 112.

That is, in the case that the light extraction grating 112 includes the plurality of wire grids 1121 disposed at equal intervals on the light guide plate 111 and the light reflection layer 1122 disposed on the side of the plurality of wire grids 1121 away from the light guide plate 111, the one-to-one formation of the light shielding patterns 113 on the side of the light extraction grating 112 away from the light guide plate 111 may include:

As shown in fig. 20, the light shielding pattern 113 is formed on a side of the light reflecting layer 1122 away from the light guide plate 111.

The scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the present invention is intended to be covered thereby. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. the substrate is characterized by comprising a light guide plate and a plurality of light extraction gratings arranged on the light guide plate, wherein the light extraction gratings are arranged at intervals in an array form in the thickness direction perpendicular to the light guide plate; the light-extracting grating is used for collimating and extracting light rays transmitted along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light guide plate and reflecting the collimated and extracted light rays to one side of the light guide plate, which is far away from the light-extracting grating.

2. The substrate of claim 1,

Get light grating including equidistant set up in many grates on the light guide plate to and set up in many the grating is kept away from the reflector layer of light guide plate one side.

3. the substrate of claim 2,

The substrate further comprises shading patterns which are arranged on one side, far away from the light guide plate, of the light-taking grating in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the shading patterns are used for shading light rays incident from one side of the shading patterns to the light-taking grating.

4. The substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

The substrate further comprises a transparent medium layer arranged on one side, far away from the light extraction grating, of the light guide plate, and the refractive index of the transparent medium layer is smaller than that of the light guide plate.

5. A display panel having a display area, the display area comprising a plurality of sub-pixels;

The display panel comprises a first substrate and a second substrate which are arranged oppositely, and a liquid crystal dimming element which is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate and is positioned in the area where each sub-pixel is positioned, wherein the first substrate is the substrate according to any one of claims 1-4, the second substrate is arranged on one side, away from the light extraction grating, of the light guide plate in the first substrate, and the light extraction grating and the sub-pixels are in one-to-one correspondence;

and aiming at each sub-pixel, the liquid crystal dimming element is used for deflecting the light rays which are collimated and taken out by the light taking grating and then emitting the light rays through the gap between the light taking gratings.

6. The display panel according to claim 5,

The liquid crystal dimming element comprises a liquid crystal prism or a liquid crystal grating.

7. the display panel according to claim 5 or 6,

The liquid crystal dimming element comprises a first electrode and a second electrode which are arranged on the first substrate and/or the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate.

8. A display device comprising the display panel according to any one of claims 5 to 7, and a controller;

The controller is used for adjusting the driving voltage in each sub-pixel according to an image to be displayed, so that the collimated light rays taken out by the light taking gratings are deflected through the liquid crystal dimming element and then are emitted out through gaps among the light taking gratings.

9. The display device according to claim 8,

The display device further comprises a camera, and in the case that the liquid crystal dimming element comprises a liquid crystal prism;

The camera is used for collecting the eyeball position of a person, and the controller is further used for adjusting the driving voltage in each sub-pixel according to the eyeball position of the person collected by the camera, so that the collimated light rays taken out by the light taking grating are deflected by the liquid crystal dimming element and then point to the eyeball direction of the person.

10. A method of preparing a substrate, comprising:

The light extraction grating is used for collimating and extracting light rays transmitted along the thickness direction of the light guide plate and reflecting the collimated and extracted light rays to one side of the light guide plate, which is far away from the light extraction grating.

11. the method for producing a substrate according to claim 10,

under the condition that the light extraction grating comprises a plurality of wire grids which are arranged on the light guide plate at equal intervals and a reflecting layer which is arranged on one side of the plurality of wire grids far away from the light guide plate;

Forming a plurality of light-extracting gratings on the light guide plate; the method comprises the following steps:

Forming a wire grid material layer on the light guide plate;

Forming a plurality of wire grids contained in each light-taking grating on the light guide plate in a mode of combining imprinting, exposure and etching processes;

and the light reflecting layer is formed on one side, away from the light guide plate, of the plurality of wire grids contained in each light extraction grating.

12. The method for producing a substrate according to claim 11,

the material of the wire grid material layer is a silicon nitride material, and the material of the light reflecting layer is a metal material.