CN110554169A - tunnel excavation process simulation test device and method - Google Patents
tunnel excavation process simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110554169A CN110554169A CN201910976899.3A CN201910976899A CN110554169A CN 110554169 A CN110554169 A CN 110554169A CN 201910976899 A CN201910976899 A CN 201910976899A CN 110554169 A CN110554169 A CN 110554169A
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012018 process simulation test Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001314 paroxysmal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
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Abstract
the invention discloses a simulation test device for a tunnel excavation process, which comprises a test box body, wherein a plurality of vertical hydraulic cylinders are arranged on two surfaces of the upper end and the lower end of the test box body, a plurality of transverse hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the side surfaces of the periphery of the test box body, and tunnel holes are formed in the two opposite side surfaces; the periphery of the test box body is provided with a load beam of a frame structure, the horizontal hydraulic oil cylinder and the vertical hydraulic oil cylinder are respectively fixed on the load beam, the test box body is filled with rock similar materials, and a plurality of acoustic emission sensors and a plurality of strain bricks are embedded in the rock similar materials. The test method comprises the steps of S1-S7, and by arranging the jack, the vertical hydraulic oil cylinder and the lateral hydraulic oil cylinder, the self-weight stress field can be simulated, various complex tectonic stress fields can be simulated, the rock similar material is ensured to be in a three-dimensional compression state, and the stress of the rock similar material is more consistent with that of a rock body of a deep-buried tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a simulation test device and method for a tunnel excavation process.
background
With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in China, particularly in railways, highways and hydraulic engineering in western mountain areas, the typical problem of geological diseases of deeply buried long and large tunnels is increasingly shown, for example, corner tunnels on Qinghai-Tibet railways, Jiazhu ban tunnels on south Queen railways and the like are subjected to large deformation of surrounding rocks in different degrees, and the smooth construction of the engineering is seriously influenced; the average length of the tunnel group of the brocade screen II-grade hydropower station is 16700m, the maximum buried depth reaches 2525m, and the rockburst disaster is particularly prominent. Comprehensive comparison analysis shows that most mountain areas with high mountains and steep slopes and large topographic relief are affected by strong geological structure function and deep canyon topographic features, so that the ground stress environment problem in tunnel construction is extremely complex, rockburst and large deformation also become one of the most typical geological disasters in tunnel engineering investigation design and construction, and the global problem which puzzles underground engineering investigation design and safe construction is still solved due to strong paroxysmal property, uncertainty and destructive power.
The physical model test is based on similar theories (geometric similarity, motion similarity and dynamic similarity), and has the advantages of intuition, short period, small investment, accurate test data and the like. The method is characterized in that a physical model test is established to analyze and research the mechanism of a three-dimensional stress field, rock burst or large deformation in the tunnel excavation process, the three-dimensional stress field and the damage phenomenon of the tunnel are simulated by loading, excavating and supporting a scaled model test piece, and in addition, monitoring sensors such as a strain gauge, a displacement meter, a temperature sensor, a sound emission sensor and the like can be filled in rock similar materials in the physical model test, so that measured data such as stress-strain, displacement, temperature and sound emission signals and the like in the tunnel excavation process can be obtained, and reliable test data are provided for the mechanism research of a deformation damage model and the like in the tunnel excavation construction process.
The research on the three-dimensional stress field, the rock burst and the large deformation in the excavation process of the deep-buried tunnel has very important significance on the tunnel investigation design, the later-stage tunnel excavation and the supporting structure design. According to the construction of long and large deep buried tunnels and theoretical scientific research, different included angles between the axis of the tunnel and the direction of the maximum principal stress, the ground temperature and the like have very important influence on the tunnel construction, but the domestic few three-dimensional stress simulation systems can only simulate two conditions that the maximum principal stress is parallel to or perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel and cannot simulate the influence of the different included angles between the axis of the tunnel and the direction of the maximum principal stress on the tunnel construction; in addition, the influence of ground temperature is rarely considered by the three-dimensional stress simulation systems, and the established model test does not accord with the actual tunnel construction condition.
With the increasing of the buried depth of underground engineering such as tunnels and the like and the complexity of geological structure conditions, the disasters of rock burst and large deformation are more and more prominent, and the mechanism research of three-dimensional stress fields, rock burst and large deformation in the excavation process of deeply buried tunnels is hindered due to the serious shortage of related test devices. Therefore, a three-dimensional stress field, rock burst or large deformation simulation test device in the excavation process of the deep-buried tunnel is urgently needed to simulate, analyze and research three-dimensional stress fields, rock bursts and large deformation mechanisms of tunnel construction under different complex geological conditions, and provide data support for the exploration design stage or the early construction stage of the deep-buried long and large tunnel and the design of a supporting structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a simulation test device and a method for rock mass three-dimensional stress field, rock burst or large deformation, which can simulate the influence of different included angles between the tunnel axis and the maximum main stress direction on tunnel excavation in the tunnel excavation process.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The simulation test device for the tunnel excavation process comprises a test box body, wherein a plurality of vertical hydraulic cylinders are arranged on two surfaces of the upper end and the lower end of the test box body, a plurality of transverse hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the side surfaces of the periphery of the test box body, and tunnel holes are formed in the two opposite side surfaces; the periphery of the test box body is provided with a load beam of a frame structure, the horizontal hydraulic oil cylinder and the vertical hydraulic oil cylinder are respectively fixed on the load beam, a plurality of acoustic emission sensors and a plurality of strain bricks are arranged in the test box body, the acoustic emission sensors are electrically connected with the acoustic emission system, the strain bricks are electrically connected with the strain gauge, and the acoustic emission system and the strain gauge are both electrically connected with the computer terminal.
Furthermore, the load beam is fixed on the concrete base through the fixing bottom plate, the lower end of the test box body is connected with the concrete base through a plurality of jacks, and the jacks are connected with the test box body through the cushion blocks.
Furthermore, one base angle of the load beam is hinged to the fixed bottom plate, the other base angle of the load beam is connected with the fixed bottom plate through the first supporting telescopic rod, the second supporting telescopic rod is arranged on one side arm of the load beam, and the second supporting telescopic rod is installed on the ground.
furthermore, pulleys are arranged on four corners of the bottom of the test box body, and the pulleys are arranged on two support steel rails arranged on the concrete base in a sliding mode.
Furthermore, the acoustic emission sensors and the strain bricks are coupled with the rock similar material through the quick-setting epoxy resin, and the acoustic emission sensors and the strain bricks are uniformly distributed in the rock similar material.
furthermore, a plurality of displacement conducting rods are embedded in the rock similar material, the displacement conducting rods are electrically connected with a differential digital display displacement meter, and the differential digital display displacement meter is electrically connected with a computer terminal.
Furthermore, an ultrasonic probe and a copper sheet electrode brick are arranged in the test box body, the ultrasonic probe is electrically connected with the nonmetal ultrasonic detector, the copper sheet electrode brick is electrically connected with the resistivity meter, and the nonmetal ultrasonic detector and the resistivity meter are both electrically connected with the computer terminal.
Furthermore, the upper end of the load beam is provided with a hanging ring, and the hanging ring is connected with a hanging rod of the crane through a telescopic rod.
Furthermore, a plurality of heating columns are uniformly embedded in the rock similar material, the heating columns are electrically connected with a temperature controller, and the temperature controller is electrically connected with a computer terminal.
a test method of a tunnel excavation process simulation test device comprises the following steps:
s1: taking a hard rock burst material with a similar scale to that of real rock as a rock similar material required by the test;
s2: embedding a strain brick, an acoustic emission sensor, a displacement conduction rod, a heating column, an ultrasonic probe and a copper sheet electrode brick at a preset position in a rock similar material;
S3: the crane lifts the whole test box body, so that the test box body can freely rotate relative to the telescopic rod;
S4: the vertical hydraulic cylinder, the transverse hydraulic cylinder and the jack respectively apply vertical force and transverse force to simulate a three-dimensional initial stress field;
S5: simulating the section of the excavated tunnel according to a preselected excavation mode through a tunnel hole on the test box, and shooting the excavation condition of the tunnel in real time by using a high-speed camera;
S6: the strain brick, the acoustic emission sensor, the displacement conducting rod, the ultrasonic probe and the copper sheet electrode brick send the detected stress-strain, acoustic emission signals, the displacement of rock similar materials, elastic wave change and real-time data of resistivity to the computer terminal;
s7: the stress-strain, acoustic emission signals, displacement of rock similar materials, elastic wave change and resistivity in the excavation process are collected in real time.
the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by arranging the jacks, the vertical hydraulic oil cylinders and the lateral hydraulic oil cylinders, each jack, each vertical hydraulic oil cylinder and each lateral hydraulic oil cylinder can apply different pressures, so that not only can a dead weight stress field be simulated, but also various complex tectonic stress fields can be simulated, the rock similar material is ensured to be in a three-dimensional stressed state, and the stress of the rock similar material is more consistent with that of a deeply buried tunnel rock body; the tunnel excavation process under the ground temperature condition of 20-80 ℃ can be simulated by arranging a plurality of heating columns and a temperature controller; the method can generate rock three-dimensional stress fields, rock burst or large deformation under complex geological conditions with different burial depths and ground temperatures, and realizes the research on the three-dimensional stress fields, the large deformation mechanism and the rock burst mechanism in the tunnel excavation process by acquiring the stress change, the acoustic emission signal and the displacement of rock similar materials in real time and inputting the signals into a computer terminal.
through different three-dimensional pressure loading modes and excavation simulation, the influence of construction processes such as tunnel excavation and support on the stability of surrounding rocks under specific conditions and stress states, damage phenomena and the like of a tunnel structure can be analyzed and researched. The ultrasonic probe detects the elastic wave change of rock similar materials and can be used for analyzing the inoculation mechanism and the destruction mechanism of rock burst and large deformation; the copper sheet electrode brick can measure the change of the resistivity of the rock similar material and is used for researching and analyzing the damage mechanism and the crack generation of the rock.
The test box body can be lifted by the crane through the telescopic rod and the hanging ring at the top of the transverse load beam and can rotate clockwise around the bottom of the load beam, and a plurality of jacks are arranged at the bottom of the load beam to enable the test box to be positioned at different angles and positions; two tunnel holes on the test box body enable the excavation sections of the front walls of the tunnel holes to be always parallel to the concrete base in the excavation process, and the influence of different included angles of the tunnel axis and the maximum main stress on tunnel excavation can be simulated.
drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel excavation process simulation test device in a front view.
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a simulation test device for tunnel excavation.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test state of the tunnel excavation process simulation test device.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the interior of a rock-like material.
The device comprises a test box body 1, a test box body 2, a transverse hydraulic oil cylinder 3, a cushion block 4, a vertical hydraulic oil cylinder 5, a load beam 6, a heating column 7, a tunnel hole 8, a support steel rail 9, a jack 10, a pulley 11, a concrete base 12, a fixed bottom plate 13, a hanging ring 14, a telescopic rod 15, a crane 16, a strain brick 17, a displacement conducting rod 18, a differential digital display displacement meter 19, a strain gauge 20, a computer terminal 21, a first support telescopic rod 22, a second support telescopic rod 23, an ultrasonic probe 24 and a copper sheet electrode brick.
Detailed Description
the following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the tunnel excavation process simulation test device is characterized by comprising a test box body 1, wherein a plurality of vertical hydraulic cylinders 4 are respectively arranged on two surfaces of the upper end and the lower end of the test box body 1, the lateral surfaces of the periphery of the test box body 1 are provided with transverse hydraulic cylinders 2, and two opposite lateral surfaces are provided with tunnel holes 7; the periphery of the test box body 1 is provided with a load beam with a frame structure, and the horizontal hydraulic oil cylinder 2 and the vertical hydraulic oil cylinder 4 are respectively fixed on the load beam 5.
As shown in fig. 4, the test box 1 is filled with a rock-like material, the rock-like material is embedded with a plurality of acoustic emission sensors and a plurality of strain bricks 16, and the acoustic emission sensors and the strain bricks 16 are uniformly distributed in the rock-like material in a square shape; the acoustic emission sensors are electrically connected with the acoustic emission system, the strain bricks 16 are electrically connected with the strain gauge 19, and the acoustic emission system and the strain gauge 19 are both electrically connected with the computer terminal 20.
The load beam is fixed on the concrete base 11 through the fixed baseplate 12, the lower end of the test box body 1 is connected with the concrete base 11 through a plurality of jacks 9, and the jacks 9 are connected with the test box body 1 through the cushion blocks 3.
According to the invention, by arranging the jacks 9, the vertical hydraulic oil cylinders 4 and the lateral hydraulic oil cylinders, each jack 9, each vertical hydraulic oil cylinder 4 and each lateral hydraulic oil cylinder can apply different pressures, so that not only can a dead weight stress field be simulated, but also various complex tectonic stress fields can be simulated, the rock similar material is ensured to be in a three-dimensional compression state, and the stress of the rock similar material is more consistent with that of a rock body of a deeply buried tunnel.
As shown in fig. 3, in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, one base angle of the load beam 5 is hinged to the fixed bottom plate 12, the other base angle is connected to the fixed bottom plate 12 through a first supporting telescopic rod 21, a second supporting telescopic rod 22 is disposed on one side arm of the load beam 5, and the second supporting telescopic rod 22 is installed on the ground. Pulleys 10 are arranged at four corners of the bottom of the test box body 1, and the pulleys 10 are arranged on two support steel rails 8 arranged on a concrete base 11 in a sliding mode.
an ultrasonic probe 23 and a copper sheet electrode brick 24 are also embedded in the test box body 1, the ultrasonic probe 23 is electrically connected with a nonmetal ultrasonic detector, the copper sheet electrode brick 24 is electrically connected with a resistivity meter, and the nonmetal ultrasonic detector and the resistivity meter are both electrically connected with the computer terminal 20.
The ultrasonic probe 23 detects the elastic wave change of rock similar materials and can be used for analyzing the inoculation mechanism and the destruction mechanism of rock burst and large deformation; the copper sheet electrode brick 24 can measure the change of the resistivity of the rock similar material and is used for researching and analyzing the damage mechanism and the generation of cracks of the rock.
The crane 15 can hoist the test box body 1 through the first supporting telescopic rod 21, the second supporting telescopic rod 22 and the hanging ring 13 at the top of the transverse load beam, can rotate clockwise around the bottom of the load beam 5, and is provided with a plurality of jacks 9 at the bottom of the load beam, so that the test box is in different angles and positions.
The acoustic emission sensors and the strain bricks 16 are coupled with the rock similar material through quick-setting epoxy resin, and the acoustic emission sensors and the strain bricks 16 are uniformly distributed in the rock similar material in a square shape. A plurality of displacement conducting rods 17 are also embedded in the rock similar material, the displacement conducting rods 17 are electrically connected with a differential digital display displacement meter 18, and the differential digital display displacement meter 18 is electrically connected with a computer terminal 20.
The strain brick 16 is made of rock similar materials, a three-way strain gauge is adhered to the surface of the strain brick 16, the strain gauge 19 adopts an LB-IV type multi-channel mathematical strain gauge 19, the acoustic emission sensor adopts a cylindrical PXR03/15RMH high-sensitivity adsorption acoustic emission sensor with a magnetic ring, and the acoustic emission system adopts a DS 5-16B type full information acoustic emission information analyzer.
the horizontal hydraulic oil cylinder 2 and the vertical hydraulic oil cylinder 4 are both connected with the test box body 1 through a cushion block 3, a hanging ring 13 is arranged at the upper end of the load beam, and the hanging ring 13 is connected with a hanging rod of a crane 15 through an expansion rod 14. A plurality of heating columns 6 are uniformly embedded in the rock similar material, the heating columns 6 are electrically connected with a temperature controller, and the temperature controller is electrically connected with a computer terminal 20.
The tunnel excavation process under the ground temperature condition of 20-80 ℃ can be simulated by arranging a plurality of heating columns 6 and a temperature controller; can generate rock mass three-dimensional stress fields, rock bursts or large deformation under complex geological conditions with different burial depths and earth temperatures. And by collecting stress change, acoustic emission signals and the displacement of rock similar materials in real time and inputting the signals into a computer terminal, the research on a three-dimensional stress field, a large deformation mechanism and a rock burst mechanism in the tunnel excavation process is realized.
A test method of a tunnel excavation process simulation test device comprises the following steps:
S1, determining hard rock burst materials with hard brittleness by adopting a proportioning test and a rock mechanics test, and taking the hard rock burst materials with similar scales as rock similar materials required by the test; the rock similar material has a larger brittleness index and elastic strain index, and certain fluidity of the rock burst similar material after being mixed with water is ensured;
S2: embedding a strain brick 16, an acoustic emission sensor, a displacement conducting rod 17, a heating column 6, an ultrasonic probe 23 and a copper sheet electrode brick 24 at a preset position in a rock similar material;
S3: the crane 15 lifts the whole test box body 1, so that the test box body 1 can rotate freely, and the crane 15 enables the test box to rotate clockwise by 30 degrees around the bottom of the load beam 5 through the telescopic rod 14 and the lifting ring 13 at the top of the load beam 5, so that the test box is in a stable state; the city gate type or circular tunnel hole 7 on the test box body 1 is always kept parallel to the concrete base 11, and the influence on tunnel excavation when the included angle between the tunnel axis and the maximum main stress is 30 degrees or 60 degrees can be simulated;
S4: the horizontal hydraulic oil cylinder 2 and the vertical hydraulic oil cylinder 4 respectively apply force to the test box body 1 according to the preset loading amount and loading sequence until a three-dimensional initial stress field required to be simulated is achieved, and the three-dimensional initial stress field is simulated;
S5: simulating tunnel excavation according to a preset excavation mode through a tunnel hole 7 on the test box body 1, and shooting the tunnel excavation condition in real time by using a high-speed camera;
S6: the strain brick 16, the acoustic emission sensor, the displacement conducting rod 17, the ultrasonic probe 23 and the copper sheet electrode brick 24 send the detected stress-strain, acoustic emission signals, displacement of rock similar materials, elastic wave change and real-time data of resistivity to the computer terminal 20;
S7: the stress-strain, acoustic emission signals, the displacement of rock similar materials, elastic wave change and resistivity in the excavation process are collected in real time, and the method is used for researching a three-dimensional stress field, a large deformation mechanism and a rock burst mechanism in the tunnel excavation process.
Claims (10)
1. the tunnel excavation process simulation test device is characterized by comprising a test box body (1), wherein a plurality of vertical hydraulic oil cylinders (4) are mounted on two surfaces of the upper end and the lower end of the test box body (1), a plurality of transverse hydraulic oil cylinders (2) are arranged on the side surfaces around the test box body (1), and tunnel holes (7) are formed in the two opposite side surfaces; the testing device is characterized in that a load beam of a frame structure is arranged on the periphery of the testing box body (1), the horizontal hydraulic oil cylinder (2) and the vertical hydraulic oil cylinder (4) are respectively fixed on the load beam (5), a plurality of acoustic emission sensors and a plurality of strain bricks (16) are arranged in the testing box body (1), the acoustic emission sensors are electrically connected with an acoustic emission system, the strain bricks (16) are electrically connected with a strain gauge (19), and the acoustic emission system and the strain gauge (19) are electrically connected with a computer terminal (20).
2. The tunnel excavation process simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the load beam is fixed on a concrete base (11) through a fixing bottom plate (12), the lower end of the test box body (1) is connected with the concrete base (11) through a plurality of jacks (9), and the jacks (9) are connected with the test box body (1) through cushion blocks (3).
3. The tunnel excavation process simulation test device of claim 2, wherein one base angle of the load beam (5) is hinged to the fixed bottom plate (12), the other base angle is connected with the fixed bottom plate (12) through a first supporting telescopic rod (21), a second supporting telescopic rod (22) is arranged on one side arm of the load beam (5), and the second supporting telescopic rod (22) is installed on the ground.
4. The tunnel excavation process simulation test device of claim 3, wherein pulleys (10) are arranged at four corners of the bottom of the test box body (1), and the pulleys (10) are slidably arranged on two support rails (8) arranged on the concrete base (11).
5. the tunnel excavation process simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of acoustic emission sensors and the strain bricks (16) are coupled with the rock-like material through a quick setting epoxy resin, and the plurality of acoustic emission sensors and the strain bricks (16) are uniformly distributed in the rock-like material.
6. the tunnel excavation process simulation test device of claim 1, wherein a plurality of displacement conduction rods (17) are further embedded in the rock-like material, the displacement conduction rods (17) are electrically connected with a digital differential displacement meter (18), and the digital differential displacement meter (18) is electrically connected with a computer terminal (20).
7. The tunnel excavation process simulation test device of claim 1, wherein an ultrasonic probe (23) and a copper sheet electrode brick (24) are further arranged in the test box body (1), the ultrasonic probe (23) is electrically connected with a nonmetal ultrasonic detector, the copper sheet electrode brick (24) is electrically connected with a resistivity meter, and the nonmetal ultrasonic detector and the resistivity meter are both electrically connected with a computer terminal (20).
8. The tunnel excavation process simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the upper end of the load beam is provided with a lifting ring (13), and the lifting ring (13) is connected with a suspension rod of a crane (15) through a telescopic rod (14).
9. The tunnel excavation process simulation test device of claim 1, wherein a plurality of heating columns (6) are uniformly embedded in the rock-like material, the heating columns (6) are electrically connected with a temperature controller, and the temperature controller is electrically connected with a computer terminal (20).
10. A method of testing the tunnel excavation process simulation test apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
S1: taking a hard rock burst material with a similar scale to that of real rock as a rock similar material required by the test;
S2: embedding a strain brick (16), an acoustic emission sensor, a displacement conduction rod (17), a heating column (6), an ultrasonic probe (23) and a copper sheet electrode brick (24) at a preset position in a rock similar material;
S3: the crane (15) lifts the whole test box body (1) to enable the test box body (1) to freely rotate relative to the telescopic rod (14);
S4: the vertical hydraulic cylinder, the transverse hydraulic cylinder and the jack (9) respectively apply vertical force and transverse force to simulate a three-dimensional initial stress field;
s5: simulating the section of the excavated tunnel according to a preselected excavation mode through a tunnel hole (7) on the test box (1), and shooting the excavation condition of the tunnel in real time by using a high-speed camera;
S6: the strain brick (16), the acoustic emission sensor, the displacement transmission rod (17), the ultrasonic probe (23) and the copper sheet electrode brick (24) send real-time data of detected stress-strain, acoustic emission signals, displacement of rock similar materials, elastic wave change and resistivity to the computer terminal (20);
S7: the stress-strain, acoustic emission signals, displacement of rock similar materials, elastic wave change and resistivity in the excavation process are collected in real time.
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