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CN110532631B - 6G communication antenna array element position tolerance determination method based on channel capacity sensitivity - Google Patents

6G communication antenna array element position tolerance determination method based on channel capacity sensitivity Download PDF

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CN110532631B
CN110532631B CN201910707319.0A CN201910707319A CN110532631B CN 110532631 B CN110532631 B CN 110532631B CN 201910707319 A CN201910707319 A CN 201910707319A CN 110532631 B CN110532631 B CN 110532631B
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array element
antenna
array
tolerance
sensitivity
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CN110532631A (en
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王从思
王艳
严粤飞
薛松
连培园
周澄
刘菁
郑元鹏
杜彪
李海华
黎昞
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于信道容量灵敏度的6G通信天线阵元位置公差确定方法，包括确定阵元位置公差的设计指标是阵列天线电场强度，计算理想情况阵列天线电性能；计算阵元位置误差灵敏度并描述迭代中阵元公差的增加速度；生成阵元随机正态误差样本；计算所有样本对应的天线电性能变化情况；判断满足性能要求的误差样本数；计算上一步迭代的公差并输出针对阵列天线电场强度和信道容量的阵元位置公差；对比位置公差，取较小者作为最终6G通信天线的阵元位置公差并再次利用结构‑电磁耦合模型进行性能检验。本发明可以有效判别天线整个阵面结构中每个天线阵元的位置公差对天线电性能及信道质量的影响程度，从而指导6G通信基站相控阵天线的公差设计。

Figure 201910707319

The invention discloses a method for determining the position tolerance of a 6G communication antenna array element based on channel capacity sensitivity. And describe the increase speed of the array element tolerance in the iteration; generate random normal error samples of the array element; calculate the changes in the electrical performance of the antenna corresponding to all samples; determine the number of error samples that meet the performance requirements; The array element position tolerance of the antenna electric field strength and channel capacity; compare the position tolerance, take the smaller one as the array element position tolerance of the final 6G communication antenna, and use the structure-electromagnetic coupling model again for performance testing. The invention can effectively judge the influence degree of the position tolerance of each antenna array element in the whole antenna array structure on the electrical performance and channel quality of the antenna, so as to guide the tolerance design of the phased array antenna of the 6G communication base station.

Figure 201910707319

Description

6G communication antenna array element position tolerance determination method based on channel capacity sensitivity
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication antennas, and particularly relates to a method for determining position tolerance of a 6G communication antenna array element based on channel capacity sensitivity.
Background
Unlike conventional base station antennas, 6G antennas will "customize" the signal for the end user using Beam Forming (Beam Forming) and Beam Tracking (Beam Tracking) techniques. The beam forming technology expands the high-frequency wireless coverage range and reduces wireless interference; the beam tracking technology enables the 6G beams to flexibly adjust the direction, realizes quick and frequent switching between the beams in a high-speed scene, and provides consistent high-speed connection for a designated terminal. The realization of the functions is attributed to the normal work of each antenna unit in the 6G base station phased array antenna, and all array elements can obtain ideal high-gain and high-directivity wave beams only by being arranged according to the designed positions strictly. However, since the manufacturing, processing and installation processes of the array antenna always have errors, the actual position of the antenna unit inevitably deviates from the ideal position, and the communication performance of the system is deteriorated. For the traditional low-frequency band antenna, due to the fact that the working wavelength of the traditional low-frequency band antenna is large, machining and mounting errors are not enough to cause large influence on the electrical performance of the antenna. However, because the 6G base station phased-array antenna works in a millimeter-wave frequency band, and the working wavelength is in a millimeter-scale range, although the sizes of the antenna unit and the components in the array are smaller, the whole communication system is easier to realize, higher requirements are provided for the installation accuracy of the position of the array element, and because the tiny installation errors are likely to be in the same order of magnitude as the working wavelength, the antenna electrical performance and the channel quality are affected non-negligibly. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively investigate the effect of position tolerances (including x and y directional mounting accuracy, and z directional flatness) of a 6G base station phased array antenna unit on the performance of a communication system.
Further, engineering experience has shown that antenna elements in different positions have different degrees of influence on the electrical performance of the array antenna, for example, the elements in the center of the front surface are usually affected to a greater degree than the elements in the edge positions. In view of the fact that the 6G base station works in a high frequency band, the requirement on the accuracy of the antenna unit in the installation process is higher, the cost is higher, and after all, the deployment cost of the 6G base station is increased by the increase of the scale of the array antenna, the upgrading of the radio frequency device process and the like; but the precision requirement cannot be set too low, otherwise, the communication performance requirement is not ensured, and the preset technical index cannot be reached.
At present, a great deal of research is carried out at home and abroad, the influence of random errors in excitation current on the radiation pattern of the array antenna is researched and analyzed by Ruze from the aspect of probability statistics, and the influence of random errors in a geometric structure and the excitation current on gain and side lobe levels is researched by Gilbert and Elliot. In the aspect of tolerance design, Hsiao researches the relationship between the maximum sidelobe level of the phased array antenna and random errors through a statistical method, which has important significance in a radar system. The statistical method is a theoretical method for determining array element tolerance by carrying out modeling on the maximum side lobe horizontal distribution in a radiation directional diagram considering random errors and deriving a relational expression between the random errors and the array radiation directional diagram so as to carry out reverse deduction according to design requirements. Similar to the former, Tantan discusses the average statistical property and probability density function of the error lobe of the array antenna, and derives the influence relation between the random error and the side lobe and the directivity, and finally, the critical value of the random error is reversely deduced according to the design requirement of the antenna and is used as the tolerance.
Therefore, it is more necessary to quantitatively clear the influence degree of the position tolerance of each antenna unit in the whole array surface structure of the 6G base station antenna on the electrical performance and the channel quality of the antenna one by one, that is, the sensitivity of the two technical indexes of the electric field strength and the channel capacity of the 6G base station antenna on the position of the array element is respectively analyzed, so that the requirement of the tolerance is conveniently and reasonably determined, and the cost performance of the 6G base station array antenna is excellent. If the sensitivity is higher, the influence degree of the position error of the array element on the technical index is higher, and the installation precision and the flatness of the array element need to be strictly controlled in the engineering; otherwise, the corresponding relaxation requirement can be met, the index requirement is met, the cost is saved, and the efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining a position tolerance of an array element of a 6G communication antenna based on channel capacity sensitivity, which can effectively solve the problem of the degree of influence of the position tolerance of each antenna element in the whole array structure of the 6G base station antenna on the electrical performance and the channel quality of the antenna, thereby guiding the tolerance design of the 6G base station phased array antenna.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method for determining position tolerance of an antenna element of a 6G communication based on channel capacity sensitivity comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, determining the design index of array element position tolerance as the electric field intensity of the array antenna, and calculating the electrical property of the array antenna under an ideal condition;
(2) determining the increasing speed of the array element tolerance in the x, y and z directions in the iteration by selecting proper array element position error sensitivity matrixes in the x, y and z directions respectively
Figure BDA0002152557300000031
The rate of increase being described by the inverse of the sensitivity, i.e.
Figure BDA0002152557300000032
And appropriate adjustments can be made by changing the constant α;
(3) the position tolerance of the initial array element is 0, and the increasing speed is utilized
Figure BDA0002152557300000033
Increasing the tolerance step by step and respectively
Figure BDA0002152557300000034
The standard deviation is used as a random normal error sample of the array element in a corresponding interval
Figure BDA0002152557300000035
(4) Calculating the electrical property variation of the antenna corresponding to all samples by using a structure-electromagnetic coupling model of the 6G base station phased array antenna, and counting the number of error samples meeting the electrical property requirement;
(5) judging whether the number of the error samples meets the performance requirement, if so, entering the step (6), otherwise, repeating the steps (3) to (5) until the requirement is met;
(6) tolerance of the last iteration
Figure BDA0002152557300000036
I.e. the position tolerance of the array element for the electric field strength of the array antenna
Figure BDA0002152557300000041
(7) Repeating the steps (1) to (6) aiming at the array element position tolerance of which the design index is the channel capacity, and outputting the array element position tolerance sigma aiming at the channel capacityx C,σy C,σz C；
(8) Comparison of
Figure BDA0002152557300000042
And σx C,σy C,σz CTaking the smaller as the position tolerance sigma of the final 6G communication antenna array elementx,σy,σzAnd performing performance test by using the structure-electromagnetic coupling model again.
Further, calculating the corresponding increasing speed of the position tolerance of the array element in the step (2)
Figure BDA0002152557300000043
The method comprises the following steps:
(2a) adding array element position error (delta x) according to a formulamn,Δymn,Δzmn) A structure-electromagnetic coupling model can be obtained;
(2b) according to the directional diagram function f of the array antennaa(theta, phi) actual position (x ') of array element'mn,y'mn,z'mn) The sensitivity matrix of the directional diagram function of the array antenna to the position error of the (m, n) th array element can be obtained;
(2c) the rate of increase can be described by the inverse of the sensitivity.
Further, in the step (5), it is determined whether the number of error samples satisfying the performance requirement is just less than 95% of the total number of samples.
Further, in the step (7), the array element position tolerance sigma for the channel capacity is outputx C,σy C,σz CAnd sensitivity matrix
Figure BDA0002152557300000044
In the process (3), a calculation formula corresponding to the step (2) is adopted for calculation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the position error sample number meeting the electrical performance requirement is judged by utilizing a channel capacity sensitivity model and a structure-electromagnetic coupling model of the 6G base station phased array antenna, the position tolerance of the array element of the communication antenna is determined, the rapid calculation of the position tolerance of the array element of the 6G base station phased array antenna can be realized, guidance suggestions are given to antenna installation, and theoretical guarantee is provided for the design of the 6G phased array antenna.
2. The method for determining the position tolerance of the communication antenna array element based on the channel capacity sensitivity is established, the tolerance of each array element can be adjusted in a reference mode instead of adjusting all the array elements by using a uniform tolerance, so that the suggestion of the tolerance value of each array element in the 6G phased array antenna is quickly given, guidance is provided for engineering designers in the process of installing the antenna, the working efficiency is improved, the product development cost is reduced, and the service performance of the product is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining position tolerance of an antenna element of a 6G communication based on channel capacity sensitivity according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular grid arrangement of a 6G base station phased array antenna;
fig. 3(a) - (c) are graphs of sensitivity distribution of random position error of array elements with θ equal to 30 ° on the plane with Φ equal to 0 °, respectively;
fig. 4(a) - (c) are graphs of sensitivity distribution of random position error of array elements with θ being 30 ° on the plane with Φ being 90 ° respectively;
fig. 5(a) and (b) are position tolerances of array elements corresponding to different scanning angles in the x direction with respect to the electric field intensity of the array antenna, respectively;
fig. 6(a) and (b) are position tolerances of array elements corresponding to different scanning angles with respect to the electric field intensity of the array antenna, respectively;
FIGS. 7(a) and (b) are position tolerances of array elements corresponding to different scanning angles in the z direction with respect to the electric field intensity of the array antenna, respectively;
fig. 8(a) and (b) are position tolerances of array elements corresponding to different scan angles in the x direction for channel capacity, respectively;
FIGS. 9(a) and (b) are position tolerances of array elements at different scan angles in the y-direction for channel capacity, respectively;
FIGS. 10(a) and (b) are the position tolerances of the array elements in the z-direction at different scan angles for the channel capacity, respectively;
fig. 11(a) - (c) are the ideal case and the 3D gain pattern after adding the tolerance, respectively, at different scan angles.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for determining the position tolerance of the antenna element of the 6G communication based on the channel capacity sensitivity specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, determining the design index of array element position tolerance as the electric field intensity of the array antenna, and calculating the electrical property of the array antenna under an ideal condition.
Firstly, determining the design index of array element position tolerance to be the electric field intensity of an array antenna, taking a rectangular grid array antenna as an example for a 6G base station phased array antenna, and calculating the electrical property of the array antenna under an ideal condition by using the following formula as shown in figure 2;
Figure BDA0002152557300000061
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002152557300000062
the electrical performance of the array antenna is represented in a rational condition, M and N respectively represent the number of rows and columns of the array antenna, M is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to M, N is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to N, and dx,dyThe spacing between array elements, I, of rows and columns of the array antenna, respectivelymnDenotes the amplitude of the excitation current, k 2 pi/lambda denotes the wave constant, lambda is the wavelength of the antenna, betamnDenotes an intra-array phase difference between an (m, n) -th array element provided by the phase shifter and a (0,0) -th reference array element, u ═ sin θ sin φ, v ═ sin θ cos φ denotes a direction cosine of an angle of a direction (θ, φ) in which a far-field observation point is located with respect to x and y coordinate axes, respectively, u ═ sin θ sin φ0＝sinθ0sinφ0,v0＝sinθ0cosφ0Respectively, the maximum beam direction (theta) of the antenna0,φ0) The direction cosine of the included angle between the coordinate axes x and y, j represents an imaginary number.
Step 2, determining the increasing speed of array element tolerance in iteration by selecting proper array element position error sensitivity matrixes in the directions of x, y and z respectively
Figure BDA0002152557300000071
For sensitivity the larger the value the more stringent the tolerance is, and the opposite is true for increasing speed, the more stringent the tolerance the unit increases speed. Thus, the increase speed can be described by the inverse of the sensitivity, i.e.
Figure BDA0002152557300000072
And appropriate adjustments can be made by changing the constant alpha.
(2a) Adding array element position error (delta x) according to formula (1)mn,Δymn,Δzmn) A structure-electromagnetic coupling model as shown in formula (2) can be obtained;
Figure BDA0002152557300000073
in the formula (f)a(theta, phi) represents the electrical performance of the array antenna in the presence of array element position error, (deltax)mn,Δymn,Δzmn) Indicates the position offset of the (m, n) th array element, (Deltax)0,0,Δy0,0,Δz0,0) The position offset of the (0,0) -th array element is shown, w is the direction cosine of an included angle of the direction (theta, phi) of the far-field observation point relative to the coordinate axis of z, and w is cos theta.
(2b) Obtaining an array antenna directional pattern function f according to the formula (2)a(theta, phi) actual position (x ') of array element'mn,y'mn,z'mn)＝(mdx+Δxmn,ndy+Δym，nΔzm)nPartial derivative of the array antenna directional diagram function to the (m, n) th array element position error can be obtained
Figure BDA0002152557300000074
Figure BDA0002152557300000075
Figure BDA0002152557300000076
Figure BDA0002152557300000081
Wherein (x'mn,y'mn,z'mn) Indicating the actual position of the (m, n) -th array element in the presence of a position error,
Figure BDA0002152557300000082
a sensitivity matrix of an array antenna directional pattern function to an (m, n) th array element position error,
Figure BDA0002152557300000083
the sensitivity matrixes of the directional diagram function of the array antenna to the (m, n) th array element in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction are respectively.
(2c) The rate of increase can be described by the inverse of the sensitivity, i.e.
Figure BDA0002152557300000084
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002152557300000085
in order to increase the speed of the mounting accuracy of the array elements in the directions of the x and y coordinate axes,
Figure BDA0002152557300000086
α is a constant for controlling an increasing speed for increasing the flatness of the array element mounting in the z-coordinate axis direction.
Step 3, utilizing the increased speed
Figure BDA0002152557300000087
The tolerance is gradually increased and respectively
Figure BDA0002152557300000088
This is used as the standard deviation to generate array element random normal error samples in the corresponding interval.
The position tolerance of the initial array element is 0, and the random normal error sample of the array element is
Figure BDA0002152557300000089
And 4, calculating the electrical property variation of the antenna corresponding to all samples by using the structure-electromagnetic coupling model of the 6G base station phased array antenna, and counting the number of error samples meeting the electrical property requirement.
And (3) calculating the electrical property variation of the antenna corresponding to all samples by using the structure-electromagnetic coupling model of the 6G base station phased array antenna shown in the formula (2).
Step 5, judging the number of error samples meeting the performance requirement
And (5) if the error sample number is just less than 95% of the total sample number, entering the step (7), otherwise, repeating the steps (3) to (5) until the requirement is met.
Step 6, countingCalculating the tolerance of the last iteration
Figure BDA00021525573000000810
Outputting array element position tolerance for array antenna electric field strength
Figure BDA00021525573000000811
And 7, repeating the steps (1) to (6) aiming at the array element position tolerance of which the design index is the channel capacity, and outputting the array element position tolerance sigma aiming at the channel capacityx C,σy C,σz C。
Array element position tolerance sigma at output for channel capacityx C,σy C,σz CAnd sensitivity matrix
Figure BDA0002152557300000091
The corresponding calculation formula in the process of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002152557300000092
Figure BDA0002152557300000093
Figure BDA0002152557300000094
Figure BDA0002152557300000095
Figure BDA0002152557300000096
wherein C denotes a channel capacity (bps), B denotes a channel operating bandwidth (Hz), d denotes a distance between transmitting and receiving antennas, and N denotes0Is the power spectral density (W/Hz), P, of additive white Gaussian noiseTRepresenting the transmission power of the transmitting antenna, FR(theta, phi) represents the normalized field strength directional pattern function of the receiving antenna, GRRepresenting the maximum radiation directional gain, F, of the receiving antennaT,BS(theta, phi) denotes the normalized field strength directional pattern function of the transmitting antenna at the base station end, GT,BSRepresents the maximum radiation direction gain, gamma, of the transmitting antenna at the base station endRRepresents the matching coefficient of the receiving end, characterizes the matching degree of the receiving antenna and the load and gamma when the conjugate matchesR1, γ in the same wayTRepresenting a transmitting end matching coefficient; cos (ξ) represents the polarization matching factor,
Figure BDA0002152557300000097
a sensitivity matrix representing the channel capacity versus the (m, n) -th array element position error,
Figure BDA0002152557300000098
respectively representing the sensitivity matrixes of the channel capacity to the position errors of the (m, n) th array elements in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction.
Step 8, comparison
Figure BDA0002152557300000099
And σx C,σy C,σz CTaking the smaller as the position tolerance sigma of the final 6G communication antenna array elementx,σy,σzAnd performing performance test by using the structure-electromagnetic coupling model again.
The advantages of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following simulation experiments:
first, simulation condition
In this example 6G, the operating frequency of the large-scale array antenna model of the communication base station is 28GHz, the antenna model includes 256 array elements, the array element spacing is λ/2, and the base station is a 6-sector antenna structure, where an 8 × 8 sub-array corresponding to a certain beam is selected as a research object, that is, the scanning range of the radiation pattern is θ e (-0.1419,0.1477), and Φ e (0,2 pi). And selecting gain loss less than 0.5dB, sidelobe level lifting amount less than 5dB and channel capacity loss amount less than 5Mbps as communication performance indexes of the 6G base station phased-array antenna.
Second, output array element position tolerance sigmax,σy,σz
1. Calculating array element position tolerance for array antenna electric field strength
Figure BDA0002152557300000101
The excitation current amplitude of the 6G base station phased array antenna model is subject to Taylor weighting, and sensitivity distribution conditions of theta 30 degrees, phi 0 degrees or 90 degrees are selected because sensitivity values in three directions all show gradually increasing change trends as the scanning angle theta increases. The sensitivity value distribution of the electric field intensity of the array antenna to the random position error of the array element is calculated by the formulas (3) to (6) as shown in fig. 3(a), (b), (c), 4(a), (b) and (c), and the mounting accuracy (x and y direction position tolerance) and the mounting flatness (z direction position tolerance) of the array element obtained by the calculation are shown in fig. 5(a), (b), fig. 6(a), (b) and fig. 7(a) and (b) and have the unit of mm. Comparing fig. 5(a) and 5(b), it is possible to select the array element mounting accuracy in the x direction more strictly, and similarly, to select the array element mounting accuracy in the y and z directions, fig. 6(b) and 7 (b).
2. Computing array element position tolerance sigma for channel capacityx C,σy C,σz C
Similarly, the array element mounting accuracy (x and y direction position tolerances) and the array element mounting flatness (z direction position tolerance) calculated by the equations (8) to (11) are expressed in mm in fig. 8(a) and (b), fig. 9(a) and (b), and fig. 10(a) and (b), and fig. 8(a) in which the x direction array element mounting accuracy is more strict is obtained by comparing fig. 8(a) and (b), and fig. 9(b) and fig. 10(b) in which the y direction and the z direction array element mounting accuracy are similarly selected.
3. Comprehensive comparison
Figure BDA0002152557300000111
And σx C,σy C,σz C
Comprehensive pairDetermining the final mounting position tolerance sigma of each array element according to the tolerance results in the directions of x, y and z corresponding to the two indexesx,σy,σzFIGS. 8(a), 9(b), and 10(b) are views.
Third, simulation result and analysis
It can be seen from all tolerance profiles that the tolerance value for the central region is minimal for each direction, requiring more stringent control. The above tolerance calculation result also corresponds to the sensitivity distribution result, that is, the larger the sensitivity, the stricter the tolerance is, and for example, the z-direction position tolerance distribution shows a tendency of gradually increasing from the inside to the outside.
Will depend on the final tolerance σx,σy,σzThe generated random position error of the array element is applied to the displacement field of the antenna array structure, and the structure-electromagnetic coupling model is used to perform the performance verification again, and the results are shown in fig. 11(a), (b), (c) and table 1.
Table 1 base station antenna electrical property variation before and after tolerance is added
Figure BDA0002152557300000112
According to the result, after the position tolerance of the array element is adjusted, the maximum gain loss of the base station array antenna directional diagram is 0.2029dB, the maximum side lobe level is increased by 2.6253dB, and the maximum loss of the channel capacity is 2.2164 Mbps. According to the method, the position tolerance of the array element determined by the method can meet the requirement of a communication performance index, the feasibility and the effectiveness of the method are proved, the difficulty of manufacturing an antenna array surface and installing the array element is reduced to a certain extent, the contribution to the development, deployment and operation cost of a 6G base station is made, and the method has a certain reference value for engineering application.

Claims (4)

1.基于信道容量灵敏度的6G通信天线阵元位置公差确定方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤：1. 6G communication antenna array element position tolerance determination method based on channel capacity sensitivity, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1)首先确定阵元位置公差的设计指标是阵列天线电场强度，并计算理想情况阵列天线电性能；(1) First determine the design index of the position tolerance of the array element is the electric field strength of the array antenna, and calculate the electrical performance of the array antenna under ideal conditions; (2)通过分别在x、y、z方向上选择合适的阵元位置误差灵敏度矩阵来确定迭代中阵元公差在x、y、z方向上的增加速度
Figure FDA0002722081620000011
用灵敏度的倒数来确定增加速度，且可以通过改变常数α来对增加速度做出适当的调整；(2) Determine the increasing speed of the array element tolerance in the x, y, and z directions in the iteration by selecting the appropriate array element position error sensitivity matrix in the x, y, and z directions respectively.
Figure FDA0002722081620000011
The inverse of the sensitivity is used to determine the increase speed, and the increase speed can be adjusted appropriately by changing the constant α; (3)初始阵元位置公差为0，利用增加速度
Figure FDA0002722081620000012
逐步加大公差，并分别以
Figure FDA0002722081620000013
作为标准差在相应区间内生成阵元随机正态误差样本
Figure FDA0002722081620000014
(3) The initial array element position tolerance is 0, and the increase speed is used
Figure FDA0002722081620000012
Gradually increase the tolerance, and separate the
Figure FDA0002722081620000013
Generate random normal error samples of array elements within the corresponding interval as standard deviations
Figure FDA0002722081620000014
 (4)利用6G基站相控阵天线的结构-电磁耦合模型来计算所有样本对应的天线电性能变化量，并统计其中满足电性能要求的误差样本数；(4) Use the structure-electromagnetic coupling model of the 6G base station phased array antenna to calculate the variation of the electrical performance of the antenna corresponding to all samples, and count the number of error samples that meet the electrical performance requirements; (5)判断误差样本数是否满足性能要求，若是则进入步骤(6)，若否则重复步骤(3)～(5)，直至满足要求；(5) Judging whether the number of error samples meets the performance requirements, if so, go to step (6), if otherwise, repeat steps (3) to (5) until the requirements are met; (6)计算上一步迭代的公差
Figure FDA0002722081620000015
即为针对阵列天线电场强度的阵元位置公差
Figure FDA0002722081620000016
(6) Calculate the tolerance of the previous iteration
Figure FDA0002722081620000015
is the array element position tolerance for the electric field strength of the array antenna
Figure FDA0002722081620000016
 (7)针对设计指标是信道容量的阵元位置公差，重复步骤(1)～(6)，输出针对信道容量的阵元位置公差σx C,σy C,σz C；(7) For the array element position tolerance whose design index is the channel capacity, repeat steps (1) to (6), and output the array element position tolerance σ x C , σ y C , σ z C for the channel capacity; (8)对比
Figure FDA0002722081620000017
与σx C,σy C,σz C，取较小者作为最终6G通信天线的阵元位置公差σx,σy,σz，并再次利用结构-电磁耦合模型进行性能检验；(8) Comparison
Figure FDA0002722081620000017
and σ x C , σ y C , σ z C , take the smaller one as the array element position tolerance σ x , σ y , σ z of the final 6G communication antenna, and use the structure-electromagnetic coupling model again for performance inspection; 所述步骤(1)按如下过程进行：The step (1) is carried out as follows: 首先确定阵元位置公差的设计指标是阵列天线电场强度，并用以下公式来计算理想情况阵列天线电性能；First, determine the design index of the array element position tolerance is the electric field strength of the array antenna, and use the following formula to calculate the electrical performance of the ideal array antenna;
Figure FDA0002722081620000021
Figure FDA0002722081620000021
 式中，M,N分别表示阵列天线的行数和列数且0≤m≤M,0≤n≤N，dx,dy分别表示阵列天线行和列的阵元间距，Imn表示激励电流幅度，k＝2π/λ表示波常数，λ为天线的波长，βmn表示由移相器提供的第(m,n)阵元与第(0,0)参考阵元之间的阵内相位差，u＝sinθsinφ,v＝sinθcosφ分别表示远场观察点所在方向(θ,φ)相对于x、y坐标轴夹角的方向余弦，u0＝sinθ0sinφ0,v0＝sinθ0cosφ0分别表示天线最大波束方向(θ0,φ0)相对于x、y坐标轴夹角的方向余弦，j表示虚数。In the formula, M and N represent the number of rows and columns of the array antenna respectively and 0≤m≤M, 0≤n≤N , d x , dy represent the array element spacing of the array antenna rows and columns respectively, I mn represents the excitation Current amplitude, k=2π/λ represents the wave constant, λ is the wavelength of the antenna, β mn represents the in-array between the (m,n)th array element provided by the phase shifter and the (0,0)th reference array element Phase difference, u=sinθsinφ, v=sinθcosφ respectively represent the cosine of the direction (θ,φ) of the far-field observation point relative to the angle between the x and y coordinate axes, u 0 =sinθ 0 sinφ 0 ,v 0 =sinθ 0 cosφ 0 represents the direction cosine of the maximum beam direction of the antenna (θ 0 , φ 0 ) relative to the angle between the x and y coordinate axes, and j represents an imaginary number. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于信道容量灵敏度的6G通信天线阵元位置公差确定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)按如下过程进行：2. the 6G communication antenna array element position tolerance determination method based on channel capacity sensitivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (2) is carried out according to the following process: (2a)根据公式(1)，加入阵元位置误差(Δxmn,Δymn,Δzmn)可得到如公式(2)所示的结构-电磁耦合模型；(2a) According to formula (1), adding the array element position errors (Δx mn , Δy mn , Δz mn ) can obtain the structure-electromagnetic coupling model shown in formula (2);
Figure FDA0002722081620000022
Figure FDA0002722081620000022
 式中，fa(θ,φ)表示存在阵元位置误差时阵列天线电性能，(Δxmn,Δymn,Δzmn)表示第(m,n)阵元的位置偏移量，(Δx0,0,Δy0,0,Δz0,0)表示第(0,0)阵元的位置偏移量，w表示远场观察点所在方向(θ,φ)相对于z坐标轴夹角的方向余弦且w＝cosθ；In the formula, f a (θ, φ) represents the electrical performance of the array antenna when there is an array element position error, (Δx mn , Δy mn , Δz mn ) represents the position offset of the (m, n)th array element, (Δx 0 ,0 ,Δy 0,0 ,Δz 0,0 ) represents the position offset of the (0,0)th array element, and w represents the direction of the far-field observation point (θ, φ) relative to the angle between the z-coordinate axis cosine and w=cosθ; (2b)根据公式(2)得到的阵列天线方向图函数fa(θ,φ)对阵元实际位置(x'mn,y'mn,z'mn)＝(mdx+Δxmn,ndy+Δymn，Δzmn)的偏导数，可求得阵列天线方向图函数对第(m,n)阵元位置误差的灵敏度矩阵；(2b) The array antenna pattern function f a (θ, φ) obtained according to formula (2) is the actual position of the cell (x' mn , y' mn , z' mn ) = (md x +Δx mn , nd y + Δy mn , Δz mn ) partial derivatives, the sensitivity matrix of the array antenna pattern function to the position error of the (m, n)th element can be obtained;
Figure FDA0002722081620000031
Figure FDA0002722081620000031
Figure FDA0002722081620000032
Figure FDA0002722081620000032
Figure FDA0002722081620000033
Figure FDA0002722081620000033
Figure FDA0002722081620000034
Figure FDA0002722081620000034
 式中，(x'mn,y'mn,z'mn)表示存在位置误差时第(m,n)阵元的实际位置，
Figure FDA0002722081620000035
为阵列天线方向图函数对第(m,n)阵元位置误差的灵敏度矩阵，
Figure FDA0002722081620000036
分别为阵列天线方向图函数对第(m,n)阵元在x、y、z三个方向上的灵敏度矩阵；In the formula, (x' mn , y' mn , z' mn ) represents the actual position of the (m, n)th array element when there is a position error,
Figure FDA0002722081620000035
is the sensitivity matrix of the array antenna pattern function to the position error of the (m, n)th element,
Figure FDA0002722081620000036
are the sensitivity matrices of the array antenna pattern function to the (m, n)th array element in the three directions of x, y, and z, respectively; (2c)增加速度可以用灵敏度的倒数来描述，即(2c) The rate of increase can be described by the inverse of the sensitivity, i.e.
Figure FDA0002722081620000037
Figure FDA0002722081620000037
 式中，
Figure FDA0002722081620000038
为在x、y坐标轴方向上阵元安装精度的增加速度，
Figure FDA0002722081620000039
为在z坐标轴方向上阵元安装平面度的增加速度，α为控制增加速度的常数。In the formula,
Figure FDA0002722081620000038
is the increasing speed of the array element installation accuracy in the x, y coordinate axis directions,
Figure FDA0002722081620000039
is the increasing speed of the flatness of the array element installation in the direction of the z-coordinate axis, and α is a constant that controls the increasing speed. 3.根据权利要求1所述的基于信道容量灵敏度的6G通信天线阵元位置公差确定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(5)判断满足性能要求的误差样本数是否恰好小于总样本数的95％。3. the 6G communication antenna array element position tolerance determination method based on channel capacity sensitivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (5) judges whether the error sample number that meets performance requirement is just less than 95% of total sample number %. 4.根据权利要求1所述的基于信道容量灵敏度的6G通信天线阵元位置公差确定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(7)按如下过程进行：4. the 6G communication antenna array element position tolerance determination method based on channel capacity sensitivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (7) is carried out according to the following process: 在输出针对信道容量的阵元位置公差σx C,σy C,σz C与灵敏度矩阵
Figure FDA00027220816200000310
的过程中对应的计算公式如下：Array element position tolerances σ x C , σ y C , σ z C and sensitivity matrices for channel capacity at the output
Figure FDA00027220816200000310
The corresponding calculation formula in the process is as follows:
Figure FDA0002722081620000041
Figure FDA0002722081620000041
Figure FDA0002722081620000042
Figure FDA0002722081620000042
Figure FDA0002722081620000043
Figure FDA0002722081620000043
Figure FDA0002722081620000044
Figure FDA0002722081620000044
Figure FDA0002722081620000045
Figure FDA0002722081620000045
 式中，C表示信道容量，B表示信道工作带宽，λ为天线的波长，α为控制增加速度的常数，d表示收发天线之间的距离，N0是加性高斯白噪声的功率谱密度，PT表示发射天线的发射功率，FR(θ,φ)表示接收天线的归一化场强方向图函数，GR表示接收天线的最大辐射方向增益，FT,BS(θ,φ)表示基站端发射天线的归一化场强方向图函数，GT,BS表示基站端发射天线的最大辐射方向增益，γR表示接收端匹配系数，γT表示发射端匹配系数；cos(ξ)表示极化匹配因子，
Figure FDA0002722081620000046
表示信道容量对第(m,n)阵元位置误差的灵敏度矩阵，(x'mn,y'mn,z'mn)表示阵元实际位置，fa(θ,φ)表示阵列天线方向图函数，
Figure FDA0002722081620000047
分别表示信道容量对第(m,n)阵元位置误差在x、y、z三个方向上的灵敏度矩阵。In the formula, C is the channel capacity, B is the channel operating bandwidth, λ is the wavelength of the antenna, α is a constant that controls the increasing speed, d is the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas, N 0 is the power spectral density of additive white Gaussian noise, P T is the transmit power of the transmitting antenna, F R (θ, φ) is the normalized field strength pattern function of the receiving antenna, GR is the maximum radiation direction gain of the receiving antenna, F T, BS (θ, φ) is the The normalized field strength pattern function of the transmitting antenna at the base station, G T, BS represents the maximum radiation direction gain of the transmitting antenna at the base station, γ R is the matching coefficient of the receiving end, γ T is the matching coefficient of the transmitting end; cos(ξ) means Polarization matching factor,
Figure FDA0002722081620000046
Represents the sensitivity matrix of channel capacity to the position error of the (m, n)th array element, (x' mn , y' mn , z' mn ) represents the actual position of the array element, f a (θ, φ) represents the array antenna pattern function ,
Figure FDA0002722081620000047
are the sensitivity matrices of channel capacity to the position error of the (m, n)th array element in the x, y, and z directions, respectively.
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