CN110530978B - Electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, flaw detection device and flaw detection method for continuous detection of high-temperature casting and forging - Google Patents
Electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, flaw detection device and flaw detection method for continuous detection of high-temperature casting and forging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, a flaw detection device and a flaw detection method for continuous detection of a high-temperature forging piece, wherein the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe for the forging piece comprises a probe shell, a permanent magnet arranged in a cavity of the probe shell, and an excitation/receiving coil arranged below the outer bottom of the probe shell, wherein the excitation/receiving coil is a spiral coil which is wound by a lead and is parallel to the bottom of the probe shell, and the lead is formed by binding a plurality of silver wires which are uniformly coated with a ceramic coating into a cluster; a magnetic seat is arranged below the permanent magnet, and the central axis of the magnetic seat is vertical to the plane of the excitation coil; the side wall of the probe shell is provided with a plurality of water pumping ports close to the bottom, the top of the probe shell is provided with a water inlet, and a cavity between the probe shell and the permanent magnet and the magnetic seat forms a water circulation cooling channel. The lead wire and the arrangement thereof, the magnetic seat and the water cooling are made of a plurality of strands of silver wires which are uniformly coated with the ceramic layer, so that the continuous detection of the 650 ℃ high-temperature casting and forging piece can be realized, the energy conversion efficiency is improved, the lift-off sensitivity is reduced, and the detection blind area is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of continuously detecting internal defects of high-temperature metal casting and forging pieces by using electromagnetic ultrasonic bulk waves, in particular to an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, a flaw detection device and a flaw detection method for continuously detecting high-temperature casting and forging pieces.
Background
With the accelerated development of the Chinese industry, the demand of China on large-scale casting and forging pieces is increasing day by day, and the quality requirements on the large-scale casting and forging pieces are also continuously improved. The method has the advantages that the nondestructive detection is carried out on the forged and cast parts in a high-temperature state, the defects can be found as early as possible, the defects are monitored and controlled in real time, the machining process is improved in real time according to the defect information, and the defects are eliminated and inhibited by improving the forging deformation degree. The defect that the forging deformation cannot be eliminated by improving can be timely re-melted for secondary forging, so that the energy consumption and the personnel waste during reheating are avoided, the yield and the production efficiency can be greatly improved, and green manufacturing and environment-friendly manufacturing are realized.
The conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic detection method can achieve a good detection effect only under the conditions that the surface is smooth and couplants such as engine oil, water and the like are coated. Under the high-temperature condition, the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric wafer is degraded rapidly, and the coupling agent is unstable and volatile or has low coupling efficiency, so that the traditional piezoelectric ultrasonic detection technology can hardly realize continuous detection of high-temperature casting and forging pieces at the temperature of more than 300 ℃.
The electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology is a novel nondestructive detection technology, is suitable for working in high-temperature and rough-surface environments, and has the characteristics of non-contact, no need of a coupling agent, easy excitation of various ultrasonic waveforms, safety, reliability, convenience and the like. The electromagnetic ultrasonic probe has the characteristics of easy design, low manufacturing cost and the like, and the transduction mechanism of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is Lorentz force, magnetostriction and magnetization. Under the condition of high temperature, for ferromagnetic casting and forging pieces such as steel and the like, Lorentz force and magnetostriction force commonly act together; for non-ferromagnetic forgings of copper, aluminum, etc., lorentz forces are generally dominant.
The current patent reports about high-temperature electromagnetic ultrasonic body wave flaw detection methods and devices thereof mainly include the following:
the patent application No. CN105758938A authorizes the electromagnetic ultrasonic body wave flaw detection method and the device for the metal material with the high temperature of 550 ℃, and the patent uses a ceramic silver coil and a high temperature resistant N-AH SmCo permanent magnet which are integrated into a whole for realizing the long-time detection of the internal defects of the metal material with the high temperature of 550 ℃.
Patent application number CN205538843U discloses "a high temperature resistant pulse electromagnet formula electromagnetism ultrasonic transducer", can realize through the different electro-magnet structure of design that transverse wave, longitudinal wave detect, promote the detectability to the defect to the water circulating channel of "letting in under and going out" can carry out long-time detection to high temperature, large-scale ferromagnetism forging.
Patent application No. CN108088907A has authorized "a high temperature pipeline harms and decreases on-line monitoring system based on electromagnetic ultrasound", and this system can scan the distribution condition of defect in the pipeline of longer distance fast, installs probe and hardware circuit system on the pipeline for a long time, can gather and save a large amount of data, through the integrated analysis to data, improves the reliability of system sensitivity and testing result.
Patent application No. CN105571708A has designed "supersound high temperature testing sound velocity calibration equipment", and the device can be in predetermineeing the temperature range, rectifies the ultrasonic wave propagation speed among the detection object, has solved the ultrasonic wave when high temperature equipment detects, and the problem that its precision is lower.
Patent application No. CN108872401A authorizes a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant electromagnetic ultrasonic transverse wave probe and a manufacturing method thereof, the device is provided with a water circulation cooling system with bottom inlet and top outlet, and the lower end surface of a coil is provided with a protective wear-resistant coating. When the ferromagnetic material is detected at high temperature, the transduction efficiency can be improved, the coil assembly can be prevented from being damaged, and the service life of the coil assembly can be prolonged.
Although the above patents can be applied in the field of high temperature detection, relatively speaking, they only consider the local optimization of the probe design, and do not perform the integral and integrated design from the lift-off sensitivity of the probe, the improvement of the transduction efficiency of the probe, the reduction of the fast recovery time, the water circulation cooling effect in the high temperature state, the bias magnetic field aggregation effect, and the like, especially in the aspects of reducing the lift-off sensitivity of the probe and improving the transduction efficiency of the probe, the prior art has high lift-off sensitivity and low transduction efficiency, and the prior art is difficult to realize the continuous detection at high temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, a flaw detection device and a flaw detection method for continuous detection of a high-temperature casting and forging piece, and aims to solve the problems that in the related technology, the lift-off sensitivity is high, the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is low, and continuous detection at a high temperature of 650 ℃ cannot be realized.
The invention provides a forging and casting electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, which comprises a probe shell, a permanent magnet arranged in a cavity of the probe shell, an exciting coil and a receiving coil, wherein the exciting coil and the receiving coil are arranged below the outer bottom of the probe shell, the exciting coil and the receiving coil are both of spiral coil structures which are wound by leads and are parallel to the bottom of the probe shell, and the leads are formed by binding 3-35 silver wires which are uniformly coated with a ceramic coating into a cluster; a high-temperature resistant magnetic seat is arranged below the permanent magnet, and the central axis of the magnetic seat is perpendicular to the plane where the exciting coil is located; the utility model discloses a probe, including probe shell, permanent magnet, magnet seat, cavity, probe shell lateral wall is close to the bottom and is provided with a plurality of mouths that draw in water, the top of probe shell is provided with the water inlet, the probe shell with the permanent magnet reaches cavity between the magnet seat constitutes water circulative cooling passageway.
The spiral coil formed by binding a plurality of silver wires uniformly coated with the ceramic coating into a cluster has the following advantages: in a high-temperature environment, the ceramic is reliable in insulation and is not easy to break down to form noise; an oxide layer is not easy to form on the surface of the silver wire, the impedance of the spiral coil does not change rapidly in a high-temperature environment, and the power distribution of the electromagnetic ultrasonic exciting circuit and the receiving circuit is not affected; the spiral coil that is formed by the coiling of stranded ceramic silver coil is directly placed in high temperature electromagnetism ultrasonic probe's bottom, can reduce on the one hand and carry away from the distance, and on the other hand ceramic coating is wear-resisting, thermal-insulated effectual, is fit for the rough high temperature casting and forging in surface. The permanent magnet in the high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is forcibly cooled by adopting a water circulation cooling system, and the high-temperature-resistant magnetic seat made of a high-permeability low-conductivity material is adopted, so that the distance between the permanent magnet and a high-temperature casting and forging piece is increased as far as possible while the bias magnetic induction intensity is not seriously weakened, and the permanent magnet can still provide a strong bias magnetic field in a high-temperature environment.
The magnetic base can ensure that the permanent magnet can still provide a stronger bias magnetic field in a high-temperature environment by increasing the distance between the permanent magnet and the high-temperature casting and forging piece, and the water circulation cooling system can continuously and forcibly cool the magnetic base and the permanent magnet, so that the permanent magnet can continuously provide the stronger bias magnetic field in the high-temperature environment; the spiral coil formed by winding a plurality of ceramic silver coils is directly placed at the bottom of the high-temperature electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, a ceramic coating is wear-resistant and has a good heat insulation effect, in a high-temperature environment, the ceramic insulation is reliable, the breakdown is not easy to generate noise, an oxide layer is not easy to form on the surface of a silver wire, the impedance of the spiral coil cannot change rapidly in the high-temperature environment, the power distribution of an electromagnetic ultrasonic exciting circuit and a receiving circuit is not affected, and therefore the exciting coil and the receiving coil can continuously and normally work under the high-temperature environment and continuously generate and receive ultrasonic waves. Therefore, in a high-temperature environment, the permanent magnet of the probe can continuously provide a strong bias magnetic field, the exciting coil and the receiving coil can continuously generate and receive ultrasonic waves, namely, the probe can realize continuous detection of the high-temperature casting and forging piece, and experiments prove that the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe can realize continuous detection in the high-temperature casting and forging piece at 650 ℃. In the existing electromagnetic ultrasonic probe design, the permanent magnet can only provide a stable bias magnetic field in a short time in a high-temperature environment, the exciting coil and the receiving coil can only generate and receive ultrasonic waves in a short time in the high-temperature environment, and the existing electromagnetic ultrasonic probe has poor high-temperature resistance and cannot realize continuous detection in the high-temperature environment.
In addition, when alternating current or alternating electromagnetic field exists in the conductor, the current distribution in the conductor is uneven, the current is concentrated on the skin part of the conductor, namely the current is concentrated on the thin layer on the outer surface of the conductor, the closer to the surface of the conductor, the higher the current density is, and the smaller the current is actually in the conductor. As a result, the resistance of the conductor increases, and its power loss also increases. When a wire with a larger diameter is changed into a binding form of a multi-strand ceramic silver coil, the current density of the cross section of each small wire of the current passing through the multi-strand ceramic silver coil is close to uniformity, so that the utilization rate of the cross section of the wire of the multi-strand ceramic silver coil is improved, and the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe can be further improved. When the current is approximately and uniformly distributed on the cross section of each small wire of the multi-strand ceramic silver coil, the impedance of the coil is relatively stable, and when the lifting distance between the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe and the high-temperature casting and forging piece is changed, the influence of the impedance change caused by the change of the lifting distance on the impedance of the coil is smaller, so that the lifting sensitivity of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe can be reduced.
Furthermore, the wire diameter of the silver wire is 0.015-0.08 mm, the thickness of a ceramic coating coated on the surface of the silver wire is 0.03-0.07 mm, and the outer layer of the lead is coated with high-temperature-resistant glue with the thickness of 0.05-0.1 mm. According to specific frequency, the ratio of the thickness of the ceramic layer to the diameter of the silver wire is set, and the energy conversion efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is highest.
Furthermore, the receiving coil is formed by connecting a plurality of spiral coils end to end in series, and the plurality of spiral coils of the receiving coil wind the exciting coil for a circle.
The design that a plurality of spiral coils of the receiving coil are wound around the exciting coil for one circle can not only increase the area of the receiving coil for receiving ultrasonic waves, but also meet the requirements of reducing the impedance of the exciting coil and increasing the impedance of the receiving coil, thereby improving the exciting current of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe and the length of an effective receiving wire of the receiving coil, thereby improving the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, on the other hand, the exciting coil and the receiving coil are horizontally arranged instead of vertically arranged, the interference influence of electromagnetic crosstalk formed when the exciting coil is excited by large-amplitude radio frequency current on the receiving coil can be reduced, the formation of high-intensity pulse electromagnetic impact at the input end of the preamplifier is avoided, the preamplifier is difficult to quickly recover, the detection blind area can be reduced, and the noise formed by internal oscillation attenuation voltage signals of the electromagnetic ultrasonic power amplifier in the receiving coil can be reduced, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
Furthermore, the bottom of the magnetic base is of a concave spherical structure, and the concave spherical structure can focus the divergent bias magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet to enable the divergent bias magnetic field to be perpendicular to the excitation coil. The bottom of the magnetic seat is of an inwards concave spherical structure, so that an original divergent bias magnetic field can be focused and is perpendicular to the exciting coil and the receiving coil as far as possible, the transverse wave purity can be greatly improved, the interference of longitudinal waves and mode conversion waves thereof on the received transverse wave signals is avoided, meanwhile, ultrasonic waves are prevented from being formed in the permanent magnet, and the transverse wave purity and the signal-to-noise ratio are improved.
Furthermore, the water inlet is connected with the water pipe and is used for intaking, a plurality of mouths that draw water are connected with the water pump and are drawn water formula play water. By adopting a water pumping type water circulation mode, negative pressure can be formed, the requirement of the high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic ultrasonic probe on sealing in a high-temperature environment can be reduced, and the problem of water leakage caused by poor high-temperature sealing performance is avoided.
Further, the probe shell comprises a main shell and an upper cover positioned on the top of the main shell, and a positioning support used for fixing the permanent magnet is arranged at the bottom of the upper cover. The permanent magnet is fixed by the positioning support, so that the permanent magnet can be prevented from deviating when the probe vibrates or deviating due to impact of water flow for cooling, and the stability in working is ensured.
Further, the probe shell is made of brass, and the thickness of the bottom of the probe shell is 0.2-1 mm. The different thicknesses are selected according to different ultrasonic frequencies, so that the possibility of generating ultrasonic waves in the bottom of the probe shell can be eliminated, and the interference is reduced.
Further, the permanent magnet is a cylindrical neodymium iron boron permanent magnet or samarium cobalt permanent magnet, and the magnetic seat is made of one of permalloy, iron-nickel alloy and MnZn ferrite. The neodymium iron boron permanent magnet or the samarium cobalt permanent magnet can provide a static bias magnetic field, the bias magnetic field can be divided into a Bz component perpendicular to the coil and a Br component parallel to the coil, the larger the Bz/Br ratio is, the purer the transverse wave excited by the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is, namely, the larger the proportion of the transverse wave relative to the longitudinal wave is; the permalloy, iron-nickel alloy or MnZn ferrite magnetic seat has the functions of magnetism gathering, insulation and high temperature resistance.
The invention provides a casting and forging electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection device, which comprises the probe, a PC, an excitation circuit and a receiving circuit, wherein the probe is arranged on the PC;
the excitation circuit comprises a DA signal generator, a power amplifier and an excitation end impedance matching circuit which are connected in sequence, and two ends of an excitation coil of the probe are connected with the excitation end impedance matching circuit;
the receiving circuit comprises a receiving end impedance matching circuit, a preamplifier, a filter and an AD signal acquisition card which are connected in sequence, and two ends of a receiving coil of the probe are connected with the receiving end impedance matching circuit;
the DA signal generator and the AD signal acquisition card are connected with the PC.
A DA signal generator receives digital signals of a PC, generates high-frequency sine pulse signals, maximizes the input power of an exciting coil of an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe through a power amplifier and impedance matching, excites transverse wave ultrasound, propagates from top to bottom on the upper surface of a test sample to be detected, ultrasonic signals are converted into electric signals through an inverse Lorentz force effect or an inverse magnetostriction effect to be received by a receiving coil, are amplified by a preamplifier and filtered by a filter, are converted into digital signals through an AD signal acquisition card to be displayed on the PC, the time difference between a starting wave and a defect echo is obtained, and the defect position and the equivalent diameter of a determined defect are obtained through calculation. The device has low lift-off sensitivity, high energy conversion efficiency and high signal-to-noise ratio.
The third aspect of the invention provides a flaw detection method using the electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection device for the forge pieces, which comprises the following steps:
high-frequency and high-power sine pulse train current is introduced into the exciting coil, so that transverse wave ultrasound is excited and is transmitted along the thickness direction of the tested sample;
the receiving coil receives an electric signal converted from the ultrasonic wave, the electric signal is converted into a digital signal after amplification and filtering, the digital signal is transmitted to a PC (personal computer), and the time difference t between the initial wave and the defect echo is read;
calculating the distance d between the defect and the surface of the sample according to the formula d-1/2 v t, thereby completing the positioning analysis of the defect, wherein v is the propagation speed of the ultrasound in the tested sample material; and correcting according to the temperature of the tested sample, comparing with a defect echo signal of a metal sample with a prefabricated flat-bottom hole in advance, and determining the equivalent diameter of the defect.
Specifically, high-frequency and high-power sine pulse train current is introduced into an exciting coil, pulse eddy current is generated in a tested sample by a high-frequency and high-power sine pulse train current signal, Lorentz force is generated under the action of a bias magnetic field, or a high-frequency alternating magnetic field signal is generated in the tested sample by the sine pulse current signal, so that Lorentz force or magnetostrictive deformation is generated on the surface of the tested sample, the surface of the tested sample is vibrated, transverse wave ultrasound is excited, and the transverse wave ultrasound is transmitted along the thickness direction of the tested sample;
when the transverse wave ultrasound encounters internal defects, defect echoes are generated and reach the surface of a tested sample before bottom waves, ultrasonic signals are converted into current signals through an inverse Lorentz force effect or an inverse magnetostriction effect and then received by a receiving coil, the current signals are amplified through a preamplifier and filtered by a filter, the current signals are converted into digital signals through an AD signal acquisition card and displayed on a PC, and the time difference t between the initial waves and the defect echoes is read;
calculating the distance d between the defect and the surface of the sample according to the formula d-1/2 v t, thereby completing the positioning analysis of the defect, wherein v is the propagation speed of the ultrasound in the tested sample material; and correcting according to the temperature of the tested sample, comparing with a defect echo signal of a metal sample with a prefabricated flat-bottom hole in advance, and determining the equivalent diameter of the defect.
Wherein, the high-frequency and high-power sine pulse train current is 0.5 MHz-5 MHz, 10-20 cycle sine pulse train and 10A-100A.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, a flaw detection device and a flaw detection method for continuous detection of a high-temperature casting and forging piece, wherein a plurality of strands of silver wires uniformly coated with a ceramic layer are bound into a cluster and wound to form a spiral coil, and the spiral coil has the following advantages: in a high-temperature environment, the ceramic is reliable in insulation and is not easy to break down to form noise; an oxide layer is not easy to form on the surface of the silver wire, the impedance of the spiral coil does not change rapidly in a high-temperature environment, and the power distribution of the electromagnetic ultrasonic exciting circuit and the receiving circuit is not affected; the spiral coil that is formed by the coiling of stranded ceramic silver coil directly places in high temperature electromagnetism ultrasonic probe's bottom, can reduce on the one hand and carry away from the distance, and on the other hand ceramic layer is wear-resisting, thermal-insulated effectual, is fit for the rough high temperature casting and forging in surface. The permanent magnet in the high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is forcedly cooled by adopting a water circulation cooling system, and the high-temperature-resistant magnetic seat made of a material with high magnetic conductivity and low electric conductivity is adopted, so that the distance between the permanent magnet and a high-temperature casting and forging piece is increased as far as possible while the bias magnetic induction intensity is not seriously weakened, and the permanent magnet can still provide a strong bias magnetic field in a high-temperature environment.
The magnetic base can ensure that the permanent magnet can still provide a stronger bias magnetic field in a high-temperature environment by increasing the distance between the permanent magnet and the high-temperature casting and forging piece, and the water circulation cooling system can continuously and forcibly cool the magnetic base and the permanent magnet, so that the permanent magnet can continuously provide the stronger bias magnetic field in the high-temperature environment; the spiral coil formed by winding a plurality of ceramic silver coils is directly placed at the bottom of the high-temperature electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, a ceramic coating is wear-resistant and has a good heat insulation effect, in a high-temperature environment, the ceramic insulation is reliable, the breakdown is not easy to generate noise, an oxide layer is not easy to form on the surface of a silver wire, the impedance of the spiral coil cannot change rapidly in the high-temperature environment, the power distribution of an electromagnetic ultrasonic exciting circuit and a receiving circuit is not affected, and therefore the exciting coil and the receiving coil can continuously and normally work under the high-temperature environment and continuously generate and receive ultrasonic waves. Therefore, in a high-temperature environment, the permanent magnet of the probe can continuously provide a strong bias magnetic field, the exciting coil and the receiving coil can continuously generate and receive ultrasonic waves, namely, the probe can realize continuous detection of the high-temperature casting and forging piece, and experiments prove that the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe can realize continuous detection in the high-temperature casting and forging piece at 650 ℃. In the existing electromagnetic ultrasonic probe design, the permanent magnet can only provide a stable bias magnetic field in a short time in a high-temperature environment, the exciting coil and the receiving coil can only generate and receive ultrasonic waves in a short time in the high-temperature environment, and the existing electromagnetic ultrasonic probe has poor high-temperature resistance and cannot realize continuous detection in the high-temperature environment.
In addition, when alternating current or alternating electromagnetic field exists in the conductor, the current distribution in the conductor is uneven, the current is concentrated on the skin part of the conductor, namely the current is concentrated on the thin layer on the outer surface of the conductor, the closer to the surface of the conductor, the higher the current density is, and the smaller the current is actually in the conductor. As a result, the resistance of the conductor increases, and its power loss also increases. When a wire with a larger diameter is changed into a binding form of a multi-strand ceramic silver coil, the current density of the cross section of each small wire of the current passing through the multi-strand ceramic silver coil is close to uniformity, so that the utilization rate of the cross section of the wire of the multi-strand ceramic silver coil is improved, and the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe can be further improved. When the current is approximately and uniformly distributed on the cross section of each small wire of the multi-strand ceramic silver coil, the impedance of the coil is relatively stable, and when the lifting distance between the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe and the high-temperature casting and forging piece is changed, the influence of the impedance change caused by the change of the lifting distance on the impedance of the coil is smaller, so that the lifting sensitivity of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe for a forge piece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an exciting coil and a receiving coil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lead structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graphical illustration of the focusing effect of the magnetic base on the magnetic circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of excitation of transverse waves by the exciting coil electromagnetic ultrasonic probe in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the structure of an electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection device for a forge piece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a probe waveform for detecting a defect in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe for a forge piece, which comprises a probe shell 9, a permanent magnet 1 arranged in a cavity of the probe shell 9, an exciting coil 3 and a receiving coil 4 arranged below the outer bottom of the probe shell 9, wherein the exciting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4 are both of spiral coil structures which are wound by leads and are parallel to the bottom of the probe shell 9, and the leads are formed by binding 3-35 silver wires 11 which are uniformly coated with a ceramic coating 10 into a cluster; a high-temperature resistant magnetic seat 2 is arranged below the permanent magnet 1, and the central axis of the magnetic seat 2 is vertical to the plane of the exciting coil 3; the lateral wall of the probe shell 9 is provided with a plurality of water pumping ports 6 close to the bottom, preferably two water pumping ports are arranged in the embodiment, the top of the probe shell 9 is provided with a water outlet 7, and the probe shell 9 and a cavity between the permanent magnets 1 form a water circulation cooling channel 5.
The water inlet (7) is connected with the water pipe and is used for water inflow, and the water pumping pumps are connected with the water pumping ports (6) to pump water. By adopting a water pumping type water circulation mode, negative pressure can be formed, the requirement of the high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic ultrasonic probe on sealing in a high-temperature environment can be reduced, and the water leakage problem caused by poor high-temperature sealing performance is avoided. The water cooling mode of 'pumping water and feeding water downwards' is adopted, so that water flow can be in full flow contact with the permanent magnet 1, the cooling effect is enhanced, and the method is suitable for performing long-time and reliable nondestructive defect detection in a high-temperature environment of 650 ℃. The magnetic base 2 is arranged at the bottom in the probe shell in the middle and is arranged right below the permanent magnet 1, and the function of heat insulation protection of the permanent magnet 1 can be achieved.
The wire diameter of the silver wire 11 is 0.015-0.08 mm, the thickness of the ceramic coating 10 coated on the surface of the silver wire 11 is 0.03-0.07 mm, and the outer layer of the lead is coated with the high-temperature-resistant glue 12 with the thickness of 0.05-0.1 mm.
Specifically, the method for manufacturing the exciting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4 is as follows: 1) coating a ceramic coating 10 with the thickness of 0.03mm to 0.07mm on the surface of a silver wire 11 with the thickness of 0.015mm to 0.08 mm; the wire diameter of the silver wire 11 may be any value in the region of 0.015mm, 0.08mm or 0.015mm to 0.08mm, and the ceramic coating 10 may have a thickness of 0.03mm, 0.07mm or any value in the region of 0.03mm to 0.07 mm; 2) 3-35 silver wires 11 coated with the ceramic coating 10 are piled up into a cluster, the diameter of the cluster is 0.21-1.25 mm, and then the outer layer of the whole cluster of wires is coated with high-temperature resistant glue 12 with the thickness of 0.05-0.1 mm; the thickness of the high temperature resistant glue 12 can be 0.05mm, 0.1mm or any value in the area of 0.05mm to 0.1 mm; 3) winding a cluster of high-temperature-resistant wires coated with the high-temperature-resistant glue 12 into a spiral coil by adopting a mould at a certain temperature; 4) the wound spiral coil is fixed and formed by ceramic adhesive 13 and is placed into a resistance furnace to be baked and formed according to a certain heating time sequence, wherein the heating time sequence is 80 ℃ for 2 hours and 150 ℃ for 2 hours in the embodiment. The ceramic spiral coil (comprising the exciting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4) manufactured by the manufacturing process has the outer diameter of 5-20 mm, and can reliably work in a resistance furnace at 650 ℃ for 24 hours through experiments.
The spiral coil formed by binding a plurality of silver wires 11 which are uniformly coated with the ceramic layer 10 into a cluster has the following advantages: in a high-temperature environment, the ceramic is reliable in insulation and is not easy to be electrically punctured to form noise; an oxide layer is not easy to form on the surface of the silver wire 11, the impedance of the spiral coil does not change rapidly in a high-temperature environment, and the power distribution of the electromagnetic ultrasonic exciting circuit and the receiving circuit is not affected; the spiral coil that 11 coils of silver wire that form by the even coating ceramic layer 10 of stranded are directly placed in high temperature electromagnetism ultrasonic probe's bottom, can reduce on the one hand and carry away from the distance, and on the other hand the ceramic layer is wear-resisting, thermal-insulated effectual, is fit for the rough high temperature casting and forging in surface. The permanent magnet 1 in the high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is forcibly cooled by adopting a water circulation cooling system, and the high-temperature-resistant magnetic seat 2 made of a high-permeability low-conductivity material is adopted, so that the distance between the permanent magnet 1 and a high-temperature casting and forging piece is increased as far as possible while the bias magnetic induction intensity is not seriously weakened, and the permanent magnet can still provide a strong bias magnetic field in a high-temperature environment. The design can realize continuous detection of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe in a high-temperature casting and forging piece at 650 ℃ through experiments.
In addition, when alternating current or alternating electromagnetic field exists in the conductor, the current distribution in the conductor is uneven, the current is concentrated on the skin part of the conductor, namely the current is concentrated on the thin layer on the outer surface of the conductor, the closer to the surface of the conductor, the higher the current density is, and the smaller the current is actually in the conductor. As a result, the resistance of the conductor increases, and its power loss also increases. When a wire with a larger diameter is changed into a binding form of a multi-strand ceramic silver coil, the current density of the cross section of each small wire of the current passing through the multi-strand ceramic silver coil is close to uniformity, so that the utilization rate of the cross section of the wire of the multi-strand ceramic silver coil is improved, and the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe can be further improved. When the current is approximately and uniformly distributed on the cross section of each small wire of the multi-strand ceramic silver coil, the impedance of the coil is relatively stable, and when the lifting distance between the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe and the high-temperature casting and forging piece is changed, the influence of the impedance change caused by the change of the lifting distance on the impedance of the coil is smaller, so that the lifting sensitivity of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe can be reduced.
In this embodiment, receive coil 4 is formed by a plurality of spiral coil end to end series, just a plurality of spiral coils of receive coil 4 wind 3 a week of exciting coil, preferably receive coil 4 is formed by 6 spiral coil end to end series.
The design that a plurality of spiral coils of the receiving coil 4 are wound around the exciting coil 3 for a circle can not only increase the area of the receiving coil 4 for receiving ultrasonic waves, but also meet the requirements of reducing the impedance of the exciting coil 3 and increasing the impedance of the receiving coil 4, thereby improving the exciting current of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe and the length of an effective receiving wire of the receiving coil 4, thereby improving the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, on the other hand, the exciting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4 are horizontally arranged instead of vertically arranged, thereby reducing the interference influence of electromagnetic crosstalk formed when the exciting coil 3 is excited by a large-amplitude radio frequency current on the receiving coil 4, avoiding the formation of high-intensity pulse electromagnetic impact at the input end of the preamplifier, leading to difficult quick recovery of the preamplifier, reducing a detection blind area, and simultaneously reducing the noise formed by an internal oscillation attenuation voltage signal of the electromagnetic ultrasonic power amplifier in the receiving coil, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
Preferably, the bottom of the magnetic base 2 is a concave spherical structure, and the concave spherical structure can focus the divergent bias magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet 1 to be perpendicular to the excitation coil 3. The bottom of the magnetic seat 2 is of an inwards concave spherical structure, so that an original divergent bias magnetic field can be focused to be perpendicular to the exciting coil and the receiving coil as far as possible, the transverse wave purity can be greatly improved, the interference of longitudinal waves and mode conversion waves thereof on the received transverse wave signals is avoided, meanwhile, ultrasonic waves are prevented from being formed inside the permanent magnet, the transverse wave purity and the signal-to-noise ratio are improved, and the performance of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is improved.
In this embodiment, the probe housing 9 includes a main housing and an upper cover located on the top of the main housing, and a positioning bracket 8 for fixing the permanent magnet 1 is provided at the bottom of the upper cover. The permanent magnet is fixed by the positioning support, so that the permanent magnet can be prevented from deviating when the probe vibrates or deviating due to impact of water flow for cooling, and the stability in working is ensured.
In this embodiment, the probe casing 9 is made of brass, and the bottom thickness of the probe casing 9 is 0.2mm to 1 mm. The different thicknesses are selected according to different ultrasonic frequencies, so that the possibility of generating ultrasonic waves in the bottom of the probe shell 9 can be eliminated, and the interference can be reduced. The thickness of the bottom of the probe shell 9 is required to be less than 0.5 time of the ultrasonic wave wavelength or 1-2 times of the skin depth, so that the ultrasonic resonance formed in the bottom plate can be avoided, and the normal ultrasonic signal can be prevented from being interfered.
During specific implementation, permanent magnet 1 is cylindrical neodymium iron boron permanent magnet or samarium cobalt permanent magnet, and in this embodiment, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet of the preferred cylinder of permanent magnet 1, magnetic support 2 is made for one of permalloy, iron-nickel alloy, MnZn ferrite, the preferred MnZn ferrite magnetic support of magnetic support 2. As shown in fig. 7, the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet or the samarium-cobalt permanent magnet can provide a static bias magnetic field, the bias magnetic field can be divided into a Bz component perpendicular to the coil and a Br component parallel to the coil, and the larger the Bz/Br ratio, the purer the transverse wave excited by the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, i.e., the larger the ratio of the transverse wave to the longitudinal wave; the MnZn ferrite magnetic seat has the functions of magnetism gathering, insulation and high temperature resistance. More specifically, in this embodiment, the magnet 1 is a cylindrical N52 nd-fe-b permanent magnet, and the size may be 60mm in diameter and 50mm in height; the height of the MnZn ferrite magnetic seat is 5mm, the diameter of the upper bottom surface is 60mm, the diameter of the lower bottom surface is 55mm, the radius of curvature of the concave spherical surface of the lower bottom surface is 100mm, and the diameter of the section of the sphere is 50 mm.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, in the present embodiment, the high-temperature electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is mainly designed based on the lorentz force mechanism, but there is also the effect of the magnetostrictive force mechanism for ferromagnetic metal materials. The exciting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4 formed by 6 spiral coils connected end to end are poured at the outer bottom of the brass probe shell 9 through a ceramic adhesive 13. The excitation coil 3 is arranged centrally at the outer bottom of the brass probe housing 9 for exciting the ultrasonic waves. In order to improve the amplitude of the received signal and reduce the quick recovery time, 6 spiral coils are adopted to form a coil configuration mode that the receiving coil 4 is closely arranged on the same plane around the exciting coil 3 and used for receiving the ultrasonic signal. The lower bottom surface of the MnZn ferrite magnetic seat 2 is in a concave spherical surface shape, so that the original divergent bias magnetic field can be focused to be completely vertical to the exciting coil and the receiving coil, the transverse wave purity can be greatly improved, and the interference of longitudinal waves and mode conversion waves thereof on transverse wave signals is avoided. The permanent magnet 1 and the MnZn ferrite magnetic seat 2 are adhered to each other in an adsorption mode and are located between the bottom in the brass probe shell 9 and the shell welded with the positioning support 8, a cavity between the brass probe shell 9 and the permanent magnet 1 and the MnZn ferrite magnetic seat 2 is a water circulation cooling channel 5, and four water channels are further processed below the MnZn ferrite magnetic seat 2 and can fully carry out water cooling on the MnZn ferrite magnetic seat.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 8, the embodiment of the invention provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection device for continuous detection of a high-temperature forging, which comprises the probe, a PC, an excitation circuit and a receiving circuit;
the excitation circuit comprises a DA signal generator, a power amplifier and an excitation end impedance matching circuit which are connected in sequence, and two ends of an excitation coil 3 of the probe are connected with the excitation end impedance matching circuit;
the receiving circuit comprises a receiving end impedance matching circuit, a preamplifier, a filter and an AD signal acquisition card which are connected in sequence, and two ends of a receiving coil 4 of the probe are connected with the receiving end impedance matching circuit;
the DA signal generator and the AD signal acquisition card are connected with the PC.
The DA signal generator receives digital signals of a PC, generates high-frequency sinusoidal pulse signals, maximizes the input power of an exciting coil of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe through a power amplifier and impedance matching, excites transverse wave ultrasound, propagates from top to bottom on the upper surface of a test sample, detects the ultrasonic signals, converts the ultrasonic signals into electric signals through an inverse Lorentz force effect or an inverse magnetostriction effect, receives the electric signals by a receiving coil, amplifies the electric signals by a preamplifier and filters the electric signals, converts the electric signals into digital signals through an AD signal acquisition card, displays the digital signals on the PC, obtains time difference between initial waves and defect echoes, and calculates the defect position and determines the equivalent diameter of a defect. The device has low lift-off sensitivity, high energy conversion efficiency and high signal-to-noise ratio.
Example 3
The specific embodiment of the invention provides a flaw detection method for continuously detecting an electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection device by using the high-temperature casting and forging piece, which comprises the following steps of:
introducing high-frequency and high-power sinusoidal pulse train current into the exciting coil 3, wherein the high-frequency and high-power sinusoidal pulse train current signals generate pulse eddy current in a tested sample and generate Lorentz force under the action of a bias magnetic field, or the sinusoidal pulse current signals generate high-frequency alternating magnetic field signals in the tested sample, so that the surface of the tested sample generates Lorentz force or magnetostriction deformation to cause the surface of the tested sample to vibrate, thereby exciting transverse wave ultrasound which is transmitted from top to bottom on the upper surface of the tested sample, namely transmitted along the thickness direction of the tested sample;
when the transverse wave ultrasound meets internal defects, defect echoes are generated and reach the surface of a tested sample before bottom waves, ultrasonic signals are converted into current signals through an inverse Lorentz force effect or an inverse magnetostriction effect and then received by a receiving coil 4, the current signals are amplified through a preamplifier and filtered by a filter, the current signals are converted into digital signals through an AD signal acquisition card and displayed on a PC, and the time difference t between the initial waves and the defect echoes is read;
calculating the distance d between the defect and the surface of the sample according to the formula d-1/2 v t, thereby completing the positioning analysis of the defect, wherein v is the propagation speed of the ultrasound in the tested sample material; and correcting according to the temperature of the tested sample, comparing with a defect echo signal of a metal sample with a prefabricated flat-bottom hole in advance, and determining the equivalent diameter of the defect.
Wherein, the high-frequency and high-power sine pulse train current is 0.5 MHz-5 MHz, 10-20 cycle sine pulse train and 10A-100A.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, a sinusoidal pulse train (10 cycles to 20 cycles) current (10A to 100A) passes through the exciting coil 3 (0.5MHz to 5MHz), and the high-frequency current induces a pulsed eddy current on the surface of the sample to be tested, and generates a lorentz force under the action of the bias magnetic field of the permanent magnet, thereby exciting an ultrasonic wave on the surface of the sample. For ferromagnetic metallic materials, in addition to the lorentz force, there is a magnetostrictive force, described as follows: the high-frequency current induces a high-frequency alternating magnetic field on the surface of the tested sample, the alternating magnetic field is superposed with a bias magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet to form a synthesized alternating magnetic field, so that the ferromagnetic metal material is magnetized, and the size change of elongation or shortening is generated, thereby exciting the ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic wave propagates to the lower surface in the tested sample, and is reflected after encountering the defect, and the reflected wave reaches the upper surface of the tested sample and vibrates the tested sample. The vibration of the sample's upper surface induces a change in its surrounding magnetic field, which induces a voltage signal in the coil, based on the effect of inverse magnetostriction or the effect of inverse lorentz forces. The ultrasonic echo signals received by the coil can be collected and input into a computer through an AD signal acquisition card after the two-stage amplifier. And (3) carrying out noise reduction treatment on the collected signals by using a LabVIEW software development platform, and accurately measuring the sum of the time when the transmitted ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the upper surface of the tested sample to the defect and from the defect to the upper surface. Since the propagation velocity v of the tested sample at a certain temperature is known (different bulk acoustic velocities of different metal materials and the bulk acoustic velocities of the same metal material at different temperatures are different and need to be measured in advance), the distance d between the defect in the tested sample and the upper surface is 1/2 v t, so that the positioning analysis of the defect is completed. And comparing the defect echo amplitude with the defect echo amplitude of a prefabricated flat-bottom hole defect comparison sample with different diameters, thereby realizing the quantitative analysis of the defects.
The principles of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings
The combination of the high temperature electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is shown in figure 1. The principle of generation of electromagnetic ultrasound is shown in fig. 7. Ceramic exciting coil 3 is located brass probe shell 9 outer bottom in the middle, receiving coil 4 that 6 ceramic spiral coil are constituteed is closely arranged at same horizontal plane around ceramic exciting coil 3, cylindrical shape permanent magnet 1 is arranged in on MnZn ferrite magnetic base 2, and both are located brass probe shell 9 inner bottom in the middle as a whole, a constant magnetic field Bz for producing the vertical direction, MnZn ferrite magnetic base 2 focuses on the bias magnetic field that the permanent magnet produced, play thermal-insulated and avoid forming the ultrasonic wave in the permanent magnet inside to the permanent magnet, aim at improving shear wave purity and SNR. When the ceramic exciting coil 3 passes through the high-frequency pulse exciting current Ie, a pulse eddy current Je is generated on the surface of the measured high-temperature forging 14, and under the action of the constant magnetic field Bz, the pulse eddy current generates a left or right lorentz force FLr on the surface of the measured high-temperature forging 14, so that the ultrasonic transverse wave 15 is generated on the surface of the measured high-temperature forging 14. In ferromagnetic metallic materials, there is a magnetostrictive force or strain in addition to the lorentz force. The high-frequency pulse excitation current Ie induces a high-frequency alternating magnetic field Bdr in the measured high-temperature casting and forging piece 14, so that the ferromagnetic metal material is magnetized, the magnetostrictive force FMZr is generated, and the size change of elongation or shortening is generated, so that the periodic vibration is generated on the surface of the measured high-temperature casting and forging piece 14, and the ultrasonic wave is formed. Ultrasonic waves are generated on the surface of the measured high-temperature forging 14, are transmitted downwards along the thickness direction, and are reflected when defects are met. According to the inverse Lorentz force or the inverse magnetostriction effect, reflected ultrasonic waves vibrate on the surface of the high-temperature casting and forging piece 14 to be detected to cause the change of a surrounding magnetic field, a voltage signal is induced in the ceramic receiving coil 4, after amplification and filtering are carried out for a plurality of times, the voltage signal is input into a computer through an AD signal acquisition card, and the time difference between a starting wave and a defect echo signal is acquired through a signal analysis processing module in LabVIEW software. As shown in fig. 9, since the propagation velocity v of the tested sample at a certain temperature is known (different bulk acoustic velocities of different metal materials, and different bulk acoustic velocities of the same metal material at different temperatures, which need to be measured in advance), the distance d between the defect in the measured high-temperature forged piece 14 and the upper surface is 1/2 v t, thereby completing the positioning analysis of the defect. And comparing the defect echo amplitude with the defect echo amplitude of a prefabricated flat-bottom hole defect comparison sample with different diameters, thereby realizing the quantitative analysis of the defects.
This patent adopts stranded ceramic layer silver wire to make exciting coil and receiving coil, and a plurality of spiral coil end to end series connection constitute receiving coil and wind two kinds of designs of exciting coil a week, all can restrain exciting coil's skin effect as far as possible, satisfy simultaneously and reduce exciting coil's impedance and increase receiving coil's impedance's requirement, can reduce as far as possible and carry away the sensitivity, improve transduction efficiency and reduce the detection blind area, and can realize 650 ℃ high temperature and continuously detect. The existing patent rarely relates to an electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection method and device of a casting and forging piece with 650 ℃ high temperature persistence and low lift-off sensitivity, high-temperature electromagnetic ultrasonic probes at home and abroad mostly adopt a water circulation cooling or air cooling mode or a high-temperature-resistant insulating material is arranged at the lower end of a coil, the high-temperature electromagnetic ultrasonic probes only consider local optimization of coil design or water cooling effect in the probe, the integral and systematic design is not carried out from the water circulation cooling effect in a high-temperature state, the lift-off sensitivity of the coil, the bias magnetic field gathering effect, the coil receiving amplitude and the quick recovery time, and the defect detection sensitivity and the detection blind area of the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe under the high-temperature condition are difficult to ensure.
The permanent magnet cooling device is comprehensively considered from the aspect of water cooling effect, adopts a water cooling mode of pumping water downwards and feeding water upwards, can fully cool the permanent magnet, and meanwhile, the high-temperature-resistant MnZn ferrite magnetic seat arranged below the permanent magnet can further play a role in heat insulation protection of the permanent magnet; in addition, the lower surface of the magnetic seat is processed into an inwards concave spherical surface shape, so that the original divergent bias magnetic field can be focused to be completely vertical to the coil, the transverse wave purity can be greatly improved, and the influence of longitudinal waves and mode waves thereof on the received transverse wave signals is avoided. In the patent, the configuration mode of single coil excitation and multi-coil series connection receiving is adopted from the aspect of improving the amplitude of the received signal, so that the impedance of the receiving coil can be increased, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the mode that the receiving coil is horizontally arranged around the exciting coil can reduce the quick recovery time; the nondestructive detection of the defects of long duration, low lift-off sensitivity, high energy conversion efficiency, high signal-to-noise ratio, safety and reliability of the probe at high temperature is ensured. The invention is based on a water pumping type water circulation cooling mode, a winding mode of a plurality of insulating ceramic wires, a single-coil excitation multi-coil receiving configuration mode and a MnZn ferrite magnetic seat concave spherical design mode, and is suitable for nondestructive defect detection with long duration, low lift-off sensitivity, high energy conversion efficiency, high signal-to-noise ratio, safety and reliability in a 650 ℃ high-temperature environment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The electromagnetic ultrasonic probe for continuously detecting the high-temperature casting and forging piece comprises a probe shell (9), a permanent magnet (1) arranged in a cavity of the probe shell (9), and an excitation coil (3) and a receiving coil (4) which are arranged below the outer bottom of the probe shell (9), and is characterized in that the excitation coil (3) and the receiving coil (4) are both of spiral coil structures which are wound by leads and are parallel to the bottom of the probe shell (9), and the leads are formed by binding 3-35 silver wires (11) which are uniformly coated with a ceramic coating (10) into a cluster; a high-temperature-resistant magnetic seat (2) is arranged below the permanent magnet (1), and the central axis of the magnetic seat (2) is perpendicular to the plane of the exciting coil (3); a plurality of water pumping ports (6) are formed in the side wall, close to the bottom, of the probe shell (9), a water inlet (7) is formed in the top of the probe shell (9), and a water circulating cooling channel (5) is formed by a cavity between the probe shell (9) and the permanent magnet (1) and the magnetic seat (2);
receiving coil (4) are established ties by a plurality of spiral coil head and the tail and are formed, just a plurality of spiral coils of receiving coil (4) wind exciting coil (3) a week.
2. The high-temperature forging piece continuous detection electromagnetic ultrasonic probe according to claim 1, wherein the wire diameter of the silver wire (11) is 0.015-0.08 mm, the thickness of the ceramic coating (10) coated on the surface of the silver wire (11) is 0.03-0.07 mm, and the outer layer of the lead is coated with the high-temperature resistant glue (12) with the thickness of 0.05-0.1 mm.
3. The high-temperature forging casting and forging piece continuous detection electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is characterized in that the bottom of the magnetic base (2) is of a concave spherical structure, and the concave spherical structure can focus a divergent bias magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet (1) to be perpendicular to the excitation coil (3).
4. The high-temperature forging casting and forging piece continuous detection electromagnetic ultrasonic probe according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet (7) is connected with a water pipe for water inlet, and the water pumping ports (6) are connected with a water pumping pump for water pumping type water outlet.
5. The high-temperature forging casting continuous detection electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is characterized in that the probe shell (9) comprises a main shell and an upper cover positioned on the top of the main shell, and a positioning support (8) used for fixing the permanent magnet (1) is arranged at the bottom of the upper cover.
6. The high-temperature forging casting and forging piece continuous detection electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is characterized in that the probe shell (9) is made of brass, and the thickness of the bottom of the probe shell (9) is 0.2-1 mm.
7. The high-temperature casting and forging piece continuous detection electromagnetic ultrasonic probe according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet (1) is a cylindrical neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet or samarium-cobalt permanent magnet, and the magnetic seat (2) is made of one of permalloy, iron-nickel alloy and MnZn ferrite.
8. An electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection device for continuously detecting a high-temperature casting and forging piece is characterized by comprising the probe of any one of claims 1-7, a PC (personal computer), an excitation circuit and a receiving circuit;
the excitation circuit comprises a DA signal generator, a power amplifier and an excitation end impedance matching circuit which are connected in sequence, and two ends of an excitation coil (3) of the probe are connected with the excitation end impedance matching circuit;
the receiving circuit comprises a receiving end impedance matching circuit, a preamplifier, a filter and an AD signal acquisition card which are connected in sequence, and two ends of a receiving coil (4) of the probe are connected with the receiving end impedance matching circuit;
and the DA signal generator and the AD signal acquisition card are connected with the PC.
9. A flaw detection method for continuously detecting an electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection device by using the high-temperature casting and forging piece according to claim 8 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
high-frequency and high-power sine pulse train current is introduced into the exciting coil (3), so that transverse wave ultrasound is excited and is transmitted along the thickness direction of the tested sample;
the receiving coil (4) receives an electric signal converted from the ultrasonic wave, converts the electric signal into a digital signal after amplification and filtering, transmits the digital signal to a PC (personal computer), and reads the time difference t between the initial wave and the defect echo;
calculating the distance d between the defect and the surface of the sample according to the formula d-1/2 v t, thereby completing the positioning analysis of the defect, wherein v is the propagation speed of the ultrasound in the tested sample material; and correcting according to the temperature of the tested sample, comparing with a defect echo signal of a metal sample with a prefabricated flat-bottom hole in advance, and determining the equivalent diameter of the defect.
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| CN205538843U (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-08-31 | 中南大学 | High temperature resistant pulsed electromagnetic iron formula electromagnetic acoustic nondestructive test probe |
| CN105758938A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-13 | 中南大学 | 550-DEG C high-temperature metal material electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection method and device |
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