CN110534332B - Sintered magnet preparation method and pressure forming equipment thereof - Google Patents
Sintered magnet preparation method and pressure forming equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110534332B CN110534332B CN201910929739.3A CN201910929739A CN110534332B CN 110534332 B CN110534332 B CN 110534332B CN 201910929739 A CN201910929739 A CN 201910929739A CN 110534332 B CN110534332 B CN 110534332B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a sintered magnet and equipment thereof, in particular to a method for preparing a sintered magnet and press forming equipment thereof. The problems of unsatisfactory magnetic performance, irregular product shape, short service life of a rubber mold and the like caused by unreasonable pressure application mode in the prior art are solved. The preparation method of the sintered magnet is realized by the following steps of 1) filling magnetic powder into a rubber mold, and enabling the magnetic powder to reach a certain density in the rubber mold; 2) applying a magnetic field to the rubber mold to orient the magnetic powder in the rubber mold; 3) applying quasi-isostatic pressure to the rubber mold: in the pressing process, the magnetic powder in the rubber mold is not actively pressed in the direction of the oriented magnetic field, the length of the magnetic powder in the direction of the oriented magnetic field is kept unchanged, and other surfaces outside two end surfaces of the direction of the oriented magnetic field are subjected to isostatic pressing to obtain a magnetic powder compact; 4) and sintering the magnetic powder compact to obtain the sintered magnet. The method is more suitable for the magnet in the shape of a rotator, such as a cylinder, a sphere and a circular ring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a sintered magnet and equipment thereof, in particular to a method for preparing a sintered magnet and pressure forming equipment thereof.
Background
The current mainstream magnetic field forming is a two-step forming method, and the magnetic field forming is firstly carried out and then isostatic pressing is carried out, so that the automation is difficult to realize. Chinese patent application CN91107588.7 discloses "method and apparatus for manufacturing permanent magnet". The method comprises filling the magnetic powder into a rubber mold at a certain density, pressing the rubber mold and the magnetic powder therein to complete the pressure forming of the magnetic powder to obtain a magnetic powder compact, and sintering the magnetic powder compact to obtain the permanent magnet. The method has unreasonable pressing mode, and the magnetic performance of the obtained permanent magnet needs to be improved. Meanwhile, the pressure forming of the rubber mold completely depends on the deformation of the rubber mold, so that the problems that the product is irregular in shape, the product is suitable for layering and the service life of the rubber mold is short are brought. So that this method has not been used for 20 years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems of unsatisfactory performance of the obtained permanent magnet, irregular product shape, short service life of a rubber mold and the like caused by unreasonable pressing mode in the prior art, and provides a sintered magnet preparation method and pressure forming equipment thereof.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the sintered magnet is realized by the following steps of 1) filling magnetic powder into a rubber mold, and enabling the magnetic powder to reach a certain density in the rubber mold; 2) applying a magnetic field to the rubber mold to orient the magnetic powder in the rubber mold; 3) applying quasi-isostatic pressure to the rubber mold: in the pressing process, the magnetic powder in the rubber mold is not actively pressed in the direction of the oriented magnetic field, the length of the magnetic powder in the direction of the oriented magnetic field is kept unchanged, and other surfaces outside two end surfaces of the direction of the oriented magnetic field are subjected to isostatic pressing to obtain a magnetic powder compact; 4) and sintering the magnetic powder compact to obtain the sintered magnet.
In the prior art, isostatic pressing is adopted when the magnetic powder is subjected to pressure forming, and all directions of the magnetic powder are subjected to the same pressure; but practice proves that: pressing in a direction parallel to the orientation magnetic field affects the degree of orientation of the magnetic powder, and thus the performance of the magnet. The invention adopts quasi-isostatic pressing, namely, the pressing is only carried out in the circumferential direction (other surfaces outside two end surfaces of the orientation magnetic field direction), the axial direction (the orientation magnetic field direction) is not actively pressed but passively pressed, and the dimension is kept unchanged in the orientation magnetic field direction, so that the orientation degree of the magnetic field is high, and the performance of the obtained magnet is obviously improved; and the obtained magnet has good shape. Compared with the prior art, the remanence of the magnet prepared by the method is improved by 1.5-2.5%. According to the deformation characteristic of the rubber membrane, the method is more suitable for the magnet in the shape of a rotator, such as a cylinder, a sphere and a ring.
The sintered magnet compression molding equipment comprises a rubber die, an oriented magnetic field device and a press; the press comprises a frame type frame, a supporting platform is arranged on the frame type frame, a dry bag type high-pressure cavity is supported on the supporting platform, namely, a dry bag for separating a pressure medium and a workpiece is arranged in the high-pressure cavity, the high-pressure cavity is connected with a pressure medium supercharging device, a cover body is arranged at the top of the dry bag type high-pressure cavity, a plug is arranged on the lower surface of the cover body, a rubber mold is arranged in the dry bag type high-pressure cavity and covers the cover body, the plug on the lower surface of the cover body extends into a rubber mold cavity, the plug is in surface contact with the magnetic powder in the rubber mold cavity, during pressurization, the upper surface of the cover body is in surface contact with the upper cross beam of the frame type frame, the lower surface of the dry bag type high-pressure cavity is in surface contact with the supporting platform, and therefore the high-pressure cavity after the cover. When the rubber mold works, the pressure medium pressurizing device pressurizes the pressure medium in the dry bag type high-pressure cavity, the pressure of the pressure medium is transmitted to the magnetic powder in the rubber mold cavity through the dry bag and the rubber mold, and isostatic pressure is applied to the periphery of the magnetic powder; in the pressurizing process, magnetic powder in the rubber mold cavity is compressed and deformed, but the high-pressure cavity covered with the cover body is limited between the lower surface of the upper cross beam of the frame type frame and the upper surface of the supporting platform, so that the height (the size in the direction of the oriented magnetic field) of the magnetic powder in the rubber mold cavity is kept unchanged. The press is essentially a modification of the prior known dry bag isostatic press. The dry bag type isostatic pressing machine comprises a high-pressure cavity, wherein a dry bag (also called a rubber diaphragm) is arranged in the high-pressure cavity and used for separating a pressure medium from a workpiece; the dry bag type isostatic pressing machine also comprises an upper pressure cylinder and a lower pressure cylinder which are used for applying pressure to the upper surface and the lower surface of the workpiece in the high-pressure cavity, so that the stress on the upper surface and the lower surface of the workpiece is the same as the pressure applied to the rest surfaces of the workpiece by the pressure medium through the dry bag, and isostatic pressing is realized. The equipment of the invention removes the upper and lower pressure cylinders on the basis of the existing dry bag type isostatic pressing machine, so that the magnetic powder in the rubber die cavity is not actively pressed in the vertical direction but only passively pressed, thereby meeting the requirements of process conditions. The device has reasonable, novel and unique structural design. The rubber mold has long service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sintered magnet pressure molding apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing another structure of the sintered magnet pressure molding apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first station of the sintered magnet pressure forming apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second station of the sintered magnet pressure forming apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a third station of the sintered magnet pressure forming apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a fourth station of the sintered magnet pressure forming apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a rubber mold equipped with a platen;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a rubber mold equipped with a pressure plate in an operating state.
In the figure: the device comprises a rubber mold 1, an oriented magnetic field device 2, a machine frame 3, a supporting platform 4, a high-pressure cavity 5, a dry bag 6, a pressure medium pressurizing device 7, a cover body 8, a plug 9, a moving trolley 10, a vibrating table 11, a pressing plate 12, a pressing head 13, a magnetic powder feeding mechanism 14, a feeding oil cylinder 15, a supporting plate 16 and a bottom plate 17.
Detailed Description
The preparation method of the sintered magnet is realized by the following steps of 1) filling magnetic powder into a rubber mold, and enabling the magnetic powder to reach a certain density in the rubber mold; 2) applying a magnetic field to the rubber mold to orient the magnetic powder in the rubber mold; 3) applying quasi-isostatic pressure to the rubber mold: in the pressing process, the magnetic powder in the rubber mold is not actively pressed in the direction of the oriented magnetic field, the length of the magnetic powder in the direction of the oriented magnetic field is kept unchanged, and other surfaces outside two end surfaces of the direction of the oriented magnetic field are subjected to isostatic pressing to obtain a magnetic powder compact; 4) and sintering the magnetic powder compact to obtain the sintered magnet.
In order to obtain a preferable shape, it is preferable that the packing density is higher, but when the density exceeds a certain level, the orientation is affected, and it is preferable that the density in step 1) is 30 to 45% of the density of the magnet obtained after sintering (for example, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%) in a large number of experiments, and at this time, both the shape and the orientation degree are satisfied. In specific implementation, the rubber mold is placed on a vibrating table, the inner diameter of the rubber mold cavity is 2.5-200 mm (such as 2.5 mm, 5mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 180 mm and 200 mm), the magnetic powder in the rubber mold cavity is compacted and fills the rubber mold cavity, and then the compacted magnetic powder filled in the rubber mold cavity is compacted downwards by 5-25 mm (such as 5mm, 10 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 22 mm and 25 mm), so that the density of the magnetic powder in the rubber mold is 30-45% of that of a magnet obtained after sintering. And 2) the orientation magnetic field in the step 2) is a pulse magnetic field, and the pulse magnetic field strength is 2.0T-5.0T (for example, 2.0T, 2.5T, 3.0T, 3.5T, 4.0T, 4.5T and 5.0T) so as to obtain higher orientation degree. Step 3) isostatic pressure of 90MPa to 250MPa (e.g., 90MPa, 130 MPa, 150 MPa, 180 MPa, 200 MPa, 230 MPa, 250 MPa).
The sintered magnet pressure forming equipment comprises a rubber die 1, an oriented magnetic field device 2 and a press; the press comprises a frame type frame 3, a support platform 4 is arranged on the frame type frame 3, a dry bag type high-pressure cavity 5 is supported on the support platform 4, namely, a dry bag 6 for separating a pressure medium from a workpiece is arranged in a high-pressure cavity 5, the high-pressure cavity 5 is connected with a pressure medium supercharging device 7, a cover body 8 is arranged at the top of the dry bag type high-pressure cavity 5, a plug 9 is arranged on the lower surface of the cover body 8, after the rubber mold 1 is arranged in the dry bag type high-pressure cavity 5 and is covered with the cover body 8, the plug 9 on the lower surface of the cover body 8 extends into a mold cavity of the rubber mold 1, and the lower surface of the plug 9 is contacted with the upper surface of the magnetic powder in the cavity of the rubber mold 1, when in pressurization, the upper surface of the cover body 8 is contacted with the lower surface of the upper beam of the frame type frame 3, the lower surface of the dry bag type high-pressure cavity 5 is contacted with the upper surface of the supporting platform 4, thus, the high-pressure cavity 5 covered with the cover body 8 is limited between the lower surface of the upper beam of the frame type frame 3 and the upper surface of the support platform 4.
In specific implementation, the sintered magnet pressure forming equipment further comprises a vibrating table 11, the rubber mold 1 is positioned on the vibrating table 11 during feeding, the rubber mold 1 is provided with a pressing plate 12, the lower surface of the pressing plate 12 is provided with a pressing head 13, after the magnetic powder in the rubber mold 1 is compacted on the vibrating table 11, the pressing plate 12 is placed on the rubber mold 1, the pressing head 13 extends into the mold cavity of the rubber mold 1, the pressing plate 12 is pressed downwards until the pressing plate 12 is contacted with the upper surface of the rubber mold 1, and the compacted magnetic powder filled in the mold cavity of the rubber mold 1 is compacted downwards by the pressing head 13; the length of the pressure head 13 is 5-25 mm. The sintered magnet pressure forming equipment is also provided with a magnetic powder feeding mechanism 14, and the magnetic powder feeding mechanism 14 is positioned above the vibrating table 11. The orientation magnetic field device 2 can stretch up and down, stretch down to cover the rubber mold 1 when orientation is needed, the orientation of the magnetic powder in the rubber mold 1 is completed, and then the orientation magnetic field device 2 shrinks upwards, so that the operation is convenient.
The pressure medium supercharging device 7 connected with the high-pressure cavity 5 is arranged on the movable trolley 10, and the dry bag type high-pressure cavity 5 reciprocates on the supporting platform 4 through the reciprocating motion of the movable trolley 10, so that the conversion of the dry bag type high-pressure cavity 5 between a pressurization station and a loading and unloading station is realized, and the loading and unloading of the high-pressure cavity 5 are facilitated; during operation, the high-pressure cavity 5 is moved out of the pressurizing station under the upper beam of the frame 3 to the loading station, the high-pressure cavity 5 is loaded, namely the rubber mold 1 filled with magnetic powder is loaded into the high-pressure cavity 5, then the high-pressure cavity 5 is moved to the pressurizing station, after pressurization is completed, the high-pressure cavity is moved out of the pressurizing station to the discharging station, unloading is carried out, and the rubber mold 1 is taken out of the high-pressure cavity 5 (as shown in figures 5-8). The high-pressure cavity 5 adopts a lower charging structure, namely, the bottom of the dry bag type high-pressure cavity 5 is open, a bottom plate 17 is arranged in the open, a support plate 16 is fixed at the end part of a piston rod of a charging oil cylinder 15, when charging, the charging oil cylinder 15 rises to jack the support plate 16 to be flush with the support platform 4, the high-pressure cavity 5 is moved onto the support plate 16, the charging oil cylinder 15 descends to drive the support plate 16 and the bottom plate 17 in the open bottom of the high-pressure cavity 5 above the support plate to descend together, the rubber mold 1 is placed on the bottom plate 17, the charging oil cylinder 15 rises again to jack the bottom plate 17 and the rubber mold 1 above the bottom plate 17 into the high-; during discharging, the high-pressure cavity 5 is moved to the supporting plate 16, and the feeding oil cylinder 15 descends to drive the supporting plate 16, the bottom plate 17 on the supporting plate and the rubber mold 1 on the bottom plate 17 to descend together so as to exit from the high-pressure cavity 5.
The lid body 8 is composed of an upper part made of a metal material and a lower part made of hard rubber. The bottom plate 17 is composed of upper and lower portions, the upper portion being made of hard rubber and the lower portion being made of a metal material. The rubber moulds 1 are arranged in the high-pressure cavity 5 in an up-down multilayer manner, between the upper rubber mould 1 and the lower rubber mould 1, the bottom surface of the upper rubber mould is used as a cover body of the lower rubber mould, and a plug 9 capable of extending into the mould cavity of the lower rubber mould is arranged at the bottom surface of the upper rubber mould. In order to reduce oxidation and improve performance, the whole equipment is sealed by a cover and filled with nitrogen.
When the whole equipment works, the rubber mold 1 is placed on the vibrating table 11, the magnetic powder feeding mechanism 14 is used for feeding magnetic powder into the rubber mold 1, and the magnetic powder is compacted by the pressing plate 12 after being compacted to reach the required density; placing the rubber mold 1 below the orientation magnetic field device 2, and extending the orientation magnetic field device 2 to complete orientation; the dry bag type high-pressure cavity 5 is moved to a loading station, the rubber mold 1 is loaded into the high-pressure cavity 5 (loaded from the upper opening of the high-pressure cavity 5 or loaded from the lower opening of the high-pressure cavity 5 by adopting the lower loading structure), a cover body 8 is covered, and then the dry bag type high-pressure cavity is moved to a pressurizing station; after pressurization is completed, the rubber mold is moved to a discharging station, and the rubber mold 1 is taken out from the high-pressure cavity 5.
Claims (6)
1. A sintered magnet pressure forming device comprises a rubber die (1), an oriented magnetic field device (2) and a press; the press is characterized by comprising a frame type frame (3), wherein a supporting platform (4) is arranged on the frame type frame (3), a dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5) is supported on the supporting platform (4), a dry bag (6) for separating a pressure medium from a workpiece is arranged in the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5), the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5) is connected with a pressure medium supercharging device (7), a cover body (8) is arranged at the top of the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5), a plug (9) is arranged on the lower surface of the cover body (8), a rubber mold (1) is arranged in the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5) and covered with the cover body (8), the plug (9) on the lower surface of the cover body (8) extends into a mold cavity of the rubber mold (1), the lower surface of the plug (9) is contacted with the upper surface of magnetic powder in the mold cavity of the rubber mold (1), and the upper surface of the cover body (8) is contacted with, the lower surface of the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5) is in contact with the upper surface of the supporting platform (4), so that the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5) covered with the cover body (8) is limited between the lower surface of the upper beam of the frame type frame (3) and the upper surface of the supporting platform (4).
2. The sintered magnet pressure forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a vibrating table (11), wherein the rubber mold (1) is positioned on the vibrating table (11) during charging, the rubber mold (1) is provided with a pressing plate (12), a pressing head (13) is arranged on the lower surface of the pressing plate (12), after the magnetic powder in the rubber mold (1) is compacted on the vibrating table (11), the pressing plate (12) is placed on the rubber mold (1) and the pressing head (13) is made to extend into the mold cavity of the rubber mold (1), the pressing plate (12) is pressed downwards until the pressing plate (12) is in contact with the upper surface of the rubber mold (1), and the compacted magnetic powder which is filled in the mold cavity of the rubber mold (1) is compacted downwards by the pressing head (13).
3. The sintered magnet pressure forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a magnetic powder feeding mechanism (14) is further provided, the magnetic powder feeding mechanism (14) being located above the vibrating table (11); the orientation magnetic field device (2) can stretch up and down.
4. The sintered magnet pressure forming equipment as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pressure medium pressurizing device (7) connected with the dry bag type high pressure cavity (5) is arranged on the moving trolley (10), and the dry bag type high pressure cavity (5) is reciprocated on the supporting platform (4) by the reciprocating motion of the moving trolley (10), thereby realizing the conversion of the dry bag type high pressure cavity (5) between the pressurizing station and the loading and unloading station.
5. The sintered magnet pressure forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the dry bag type high pressure chamber (5) adopts a lower charging structure, the bottom of the dry bag type high pressure chamber (5) is open, a bottom plate (17) is arranged in the open, a supporting plate (16) is fixed at the end of the piston rod of the charging cylinder (15), when charging, the feeding oil cylinder (15) rises to push the supporting plate (16) to be flush with the supporting platform (4), the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5) is moved onto the supporting plate (16), the feeding oil cylinder (15) descends to drive the supporting plate (16) and a bottom plate (17) in an opening at the bottom of the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5) above the supporting plate to descend together, the rubber mold (1) is placed on the bottom plate (17), the feeding oil cylinder (15) rises again to push the bottom plate (17) and the rubber mold (1) above the bottom plate (17) into the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5), and the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5) is moved to a pressurizing station; when discharging, the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5) is moved to the supporting plate (16), the charging oil cylinder (15) descends to drive the supporting plate (16) and the bottom plate (17) thereon, and the rubber mold (1) on the bottom plate (17) to descend together to exit the dry bag type high-pressure cavity (5).
6. The sintered magnet pressure forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the rubber molds (1) are arranged in a plurality of layers up and down in the dry bag type high pressure chamber (5), between the upper and lower adjacent rubber molds (1), the bottom surface of the upper rubber mold serves as a cover body of the lower rubber mold, and a plug (9) capable of extending into the cavity of the lower rubber mold is provided on the bottom surface of the upper rubber mold.
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| CN201910929739.3A CN110534332B (en) | 2019-09-29 | 2019-09-29 | Sintered magnet preparation method and pressure forming equipment thereof |
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| CN201910929739.3A CN110534332B (en) | 2019-09-29 | 2019-09-29 | Sintered magnet preparation method and pressure forming equipment thereof |
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| CN115283676B (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-11-03 | 赣州开源智能装备有限公司 | Magnetic field pressure forming and isostatic pressing integrated machine |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103878368A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | 吴庆华 | Technology and device for forming dry bag quick isostatic pressing in oriented magnetic fields |
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| JP2005268385A (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Magnetic field forming apparatus and method, ring type magnet forming apparatus, ring type magnet manufacturing method, and ring type sintered magnet |
| CN205008579U (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-02-03 | 太原市鸿煷机械设备有限公司 | Dry bag formula magnetic field isostatic press |
| CN106216669B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-08-17 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of dry type pseudo isostatic pressing method and device |
| CN106493361B (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-08-21 | 董中天 | Film dry bag magnetic field equal static pressure press |
| CN206966641U (en) * | 2017-07-29 | 2018-02-06 | 太原市鸿煷机械设备有限公司 | Self-action dry bag isostatic compacting press |
| CN208787534U (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-04-26 | 山西金山磁材有限公司 | A kind of static pressure casted die moulds such as sintered NdFeB |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103878368A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | 吴庆华 | Technology and device for forming dry bag quick isostatic pressing in oriented magnetic fields |
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