CN110513386A - A kind of pretightning force instruction washer and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of pretightning force instruction washer and its application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110513386A CN110513386A CN201910797273.6A CN201910797273A CN110513386A CN 110513386 A CN110513386 A CN 110513386A CN 201910797273 A CN201910797273 A CN 201910797273A CN 110513386 A CN110513386 A CN 110513386A
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- washer
- pretightning force
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- plain washer
- bolt
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of pretightning forces to indicate washer, a kind of pretightning force instruction washer and its application method.Of the present invention includes upper plain washer, lower plain washer and the pretightning force washer being disposed there between, through-hole is provided on the upper plain washer, lower plain washer and instruction washer, the pretightning force instruction washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fastening connection piece fields, indicate washer and its application method more particularly, to a kind of pretightning force.
Background technique
Pretightning force is to guarantee the key factor of connection structure reliability, and most common method is to survey twisting using torque wrench
Torque obtains pretightning force by conversion relation between torque and pretightning force indirectly, but gained pretightning force numerical value can be by frictional force, profit
The factors such as cunning, material type, surface characteristics influence, and according to statistics, numerical bias reaches ± 25%.Designing or selecting fastener
When, generally require pretightning force to reach the 50% of bolt itself ultimate tensile strength, and provide twisting torque requirement based on this；Consider
To the error by existing for twisting torque conversion pretightning force about ± 25%, the actual pretightning force of bolt may be as low as bolt tension
The 25% of intensity, it is also possible to which height arrives the 75% of bolt tensile strength, influences assembly reliability, and interference with fastener design is selected.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of pretightning force indicates washer and its application method, to solve the prior art
In converted the larger technical problem of pretightning force error by twisting torque.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of pretightning force instruction washer, including upper plain washer, lower plain washer and the pretightning force pad being disposed there between
It encloses, through-hole is provided on the upper plain washer, lower plain washer and instruction washer, the pretightning force instruction washer is installed on spiral shell
Between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate.
Further, the value range of the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer is 0 < H0≤L-L1-P-H2-H3,
Middle L is the length of screw rod, and L1 is the thickness of sandwich plate, and P is the screw pitch of screw rod, and the thickness of the upper plain washer of H2, H3 is lower plain washer
Thickness；Preferably, the value range of the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer is 2*H2≤H0≤L-L1-P-H2-H3.
Further, the internal diameter of the upper plain washer and lower plain washer is It is consistent with prefabricated installation aperture, it is described
The outer diameter of upper plain washer and lower plain washer is Not less than bolt or nut support face outside diameter.
Further, the internal diameter of the pretightning force washer is identical as the internal diameter of upper plain washer isOriginal outer diameter is Φ
B0, andPreferably B02≤((A2-C2)H1/H0)+C2。
Further, when pretightning force instruction washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate, the upper plain washer
The value range of thickness H2 is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness, and the value range of the thickness H3 of the lower plain washer is
Greater than 0 and be less than nut thickness half, when the pretightning force instruction washer be installed between bolt and sandwich plate when, it is described on
The value range of the thickness H2 of plain washer is the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness, and the thickness H3's of the lower plain washer takes
Being worth range is the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness.
Further, the upper plain washer is identical as the thickness of lower plain washer, and the thickness of upper plain washer is not less than 1mm.
Further, the upper plain washer, lower plain washer, pretightning force washer shape be cylinder, it is triangular prism, tetragonous
Appoint the combination of one or several in column, hexagonal prisms.
Further, intensity of the intensity of the upper plain washer and lower plain washer higher than mating bolt, the material of nut.
Further, the material of the pretightning force washer is steel alloy, stainless steel, high temperature alloy, non-ferrous metal or resin；
Preferably, the material of the pretightning force washer is steel alloy.
A kind of application method of above-mentioned pretightning force instruction washer includes the following steps:
(1) compression performance test is carried out to instruction washer, draws compression force-displacement curve, and true according to force request is pre-tightened
Determine compression displacement value range；
(2) pretightning force instruction washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate；
(3) nut on twisting bolt, and the decrement of pretightning force washer is tested in due course；
(4) stop being screwed into after the displacement of pretightning force washer reaches preset compression displacement value range and complete assembly.
Compared with the existing technology, pretightning force instruction washer of the present invention and its application method have the advantage that
(1) for pretightning force washer of the present invention under pretightning force effect, the structure of fastening connection piece will receive axial squeeze
Compressive strain, and there are certain variation relations between extrusion deformation degree and pretightning force, if selecting a certain material, compression and position
There are preferable corresponding relationship between shifting, it is made into compression washer and guarantees that institute's compression chord and pretightning force are in the same direction, equivalent, then may be used
To achieve the effect that detection structure pretightning force by the measurement of the compression displacement to the material washer.
(2) pretightning force instruction washer and its application method principle of the present invention are simple, processing cost is low, without sensing
The complex components such as device, mounting process be not simple, high to assembly space and environmental requirement, but pre-tightens compared to traditional moment method measurement
Power greatly improves measurement accuracy, error can be contracted to ± 25% using the washer and method.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram under the instruction washer normal condition of pretightning force described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram under the instruction washer use state of pretightning force described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the installation diagram that pretightning force described in the embodiment of the present invention indicates washer；
Fig. 4 is the compression force-displacement curve in embodiment 1；
Fig. 5 is the compression force-displacement curve in embodiment 2；
Fig. 6 is the compression force-displacement curve in embodiment 3.
Description of symbols:
1, upper plain washer；2, lower plain washer；3, pretightning force washer；4, bolt；5, nut；6, sandwich plate.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is
It is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than instruction or dark
Show that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as pair
Limitation of the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are used for description purposes only, it is not understood to indicate or imply phase
To importance or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.The feature for defining " first ", " second " etc. as a result, can
To explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, " multiple "
It is meant that two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected；It can
To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary
Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood by concrete condition
Concrete meaning in the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Pretightning force instruction washer of the present invention is made of upper and lower two plain washers and intermediate pretightning force washer, can
It is installed between bolt or nut and sandwich plate, gasket assembly can be any of cylinder, triangular prism, quadrangular, hexagonal prisms etc.
It is one group or combinations thereof, preferably cylindrical, see Fig. 1.
Upper and lower plain washer is any material that hardness or intensity are higher than mating bolt, nut, preferred metal materials；Above and below
Plain washer thickness is respectively H2, H3, described flat when the pretightning force pretightning force washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate
The value range of the thickness H2 of washer is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness, the value of the thickness H3 of the lower plain washer
Range is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness, when the pretightning force pretightning force washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate
When, the value range of the thickness H2 of the upper plain washer is the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness, the thickness of the lower plain washer
The value range of H3 is spent for the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness.Preferably H2=H3, and H2 >=1mm.
The internal diameter of upper and lower plain washerIt is consistent with prefabricated installation aperture, the outer diameter of upper and lower plain washer Or
Nut support face outside diameter.
In addition, when being mounted under bolt head, for guarantee plain washer can avoid bolt round corner and with bolt support surface it is complete
Contact need to carry out chamfered to the internal diameter of the plain washer with bolt support face contact, and chamfer amount is to ensure to get out of the way bolt round corner
Subject to position.
The pretightning force washer between upper and lower plain washer is installed on by metal materials such as alloy steel or stainless steel or high temperature alloys
Manufacture, can also be manufactured, preferably alloy steel material by nonmetallic materials such as the non-ferrous metals such as aluminium alloy or resins.
As shown in Figure 1, the original depth of the pretightning force washer is H0, the value range of H0 is 0 < H0≤L-L1-P-
H2-H3, wherein length of the L for screw rod, thickness of the L1 for sandwich plate, screw pitch of the P for screw rod, the thickness of the upper plain washer of H2, H3 are
The thickness of lower plain washer；Preferably, the value range of the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer is 2*H2≤H0≤L-L1-P-
H2-H3。
As shown in Fig. 2, the internal diameter of pretightning force washer is consistent with prefabricated installation aperture is alsoOriginal outer diameter is Φ B0, andPreferably B02≤((A2-C2)H1/H0)+C2, that is, guarantee when pretightning force gasket compression is to requiring height H1
Afterwards, the outer diameter of pretightning force washerWhen pretightning force washer bearing load reaches setting preload force value, pretightning force washer is thick
Degree is H1, outer diameter isAs shown in Figure 2
A kind of application method of above-mentioned pretightning force instruction washer includes the following steps:
(1) compression performance test is carried out to pretightning force washer, draws compression force-displacement curve, and according to preload force request
Determine compression displacement value range；
(2) pretightning force pretightning force washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate (as shown in Figure 3)；
(3) nut on twisting bolt, and the decrement of pretightning force washer is tested in due course；
(4) stop being screwed into after the displacement of pretightning force washer reaches preset compression displacement value range and complete assembly.
Use spanner or pneumtic impact wrench twisting nut when practical set, pretightning force gasket compression amount can be by vernier caliper or logical
It crosses other optics or electron detection device carries out automatic numerical value reading.The present embodiment in actual use, can according to need, In
It can configure critical state alarm device in use process, by the real time monitoring to displacement, when displacement is more than critical value,
Implement the alarm of scene or long-range sound, light, point etc. pattern.
Embodiment 1
The pretightning force washer being related to is for 900MPa grades of turret head tensile type bolts of M27 specification and turret head self-locking nut
Combination, washer are installed between nut and sandwich plate, and the preload force request to connector is 292kN-357kN.Because of bolt, nut
Selection is alloy steel material, and to reduce contact corrosion, washer selection is also alloy steel, specifically: plain washer is above and below
65Mn material, hardness requirement 38-44HRC；Pretightning force washer is 20CrNiMo material, hardness requirement 24-30HRC.Before assembly
Specific size:H0=7.0mm, H2=H3=
2.8mm.Compression performance test is carried out to pretightning force washer, draws compression force-displacement curve, and determine pressure according to force request is pre-tightened
It condenses shifting (compressive load of washer is equal with installation pretightening force), sees Fig. 4.Show to obtain specified pretightning force, need to washer into
Row decrement is the compressive deformation of 0.75mm to 1.25mm.Bolt is installed on connection interlayer plate, washer is successively assembled
All parts have screwed in the self-locking nut of bolt guide tooth with spanner or pneumtic impact wrench twisting, and test pretightning force washer in due course
Decrement H1 (upper and lower plain washer hardness is higher, will not product compressive deformation), when H1 reaches within the scope of 6.25mm-5.75mm
When arbitrary value, it can stop being screwed into, the pretightning force of attachment device reaches design requirement at this time, in the pre- of 292kN-357kN
Clamp force range.
Embodiment 2
The pretightning force washer being related to is used for 1500MPa grades of spline flange plate bolts of M24 specification and the self-locking spiral shell of spline ring flange
Female combination, washer are installed between nut and sandwich plate, and the preload force request to connector is 392kN-479kN.Bolt, spiral shell
Female selection is PH13-8Mo stainless steel, and washer selection is alloy steel, specifically: upper and lower plain washer is 40CrNiMo material,
Hardness requirement 38-44HRC；Pretightning force washer is 4130 materials, hardness requirement 27-33HRC.Specific size before assembly:H0=6.3mm, H2=H3=2.5mm.To pretightning force pad
Circle carries out compression performance test, draws compression force-displacement curve, and determine the compression displacement (pressure of washer according to force request is pre-tightened
Contracting load is equal with installation pretightening force), see Fig. 5.Show to obtain specified pretightning force, need to carry out decrement to washer is
The compressive deformation of 0.75mm to 1.25mm.Bolt is installed on connection interlayer plate, all parts of washer are successively assembled, is used
Spanner or pneumtic impact wrench twisting have screwed in the self-locking nut of bolt guide tooth, and test the decrement H1 of pretightning force washer in due course (above,
Lower plain washer hardness is higher, will not product compressive deformation), when H1 reaches the arbitrary value within the scope of 5.05mm-5.55mm
Stopping is screwed into, and the pretightning force of attachment device reaches design requirement at this time, the pretightning force range in 392kN-479kN.
Embodiment 3
The pretightning force washer being related to is used for the group of M16 specification 1100MPa grades of bihexagonal head screws and turret head self-locking nut
It closes, washer is installed between nut and sandwich plate, and the preload force request to connector is 165kN-198kN.Bolt, nut selection
For A286 high-temperature alloy material, plain washer selection is 40CrNiMo material, and instruction washer selection is A286 high-temperature alloy material, firmly
Degree requires: upper and lower plain washer is 38-44HRC；Pretightning force washer 21-27HRC.Specific size before assembly:H0=5.1mm, H2=H3=2.0mm.To pretightning force
Washer carry out compression performance test, draw compression force-displacement curve, and according to pre-tighten force request determine compression displacement (washer
Compressive load is equal with installation pretightening force), see Fig. 6.Show to obtain specified pretightning force, need to carry out decrement to washer is
The compressive deformation of 0.75mm to 1.25mm.Bolt is installed on connection interlayer plate, all parts of washer are successively assembled, is used
Spanner or pneumtic impact wrench twisting have screwed in the self-locking nut of bolt guide tooth, and test the decrement H1 of pretightning force washer in due course (above,
Lower plain washer hardness is higher, will not product compressive deformation), when H1 reaches the arbitrary value within the scope of 3.85mm-4.35mm
Stopping is screwed into, and the pretightning force of attachment device reaches design requirement at this time, the pretightning force range in 165kN-198kN.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pretightning force indicates washer, it is characterised in that: including upper plain washer, lower plain washer and be disposed there between
Pretightning force washer is provided with through-hole on the upper plain washer, lower plain washer and instruction washer, and the pretightning force indicates washer
It is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate.
2. pretightning force according to claim 1 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer
Value range be 0 < H0≤L-L1-P-H2-H3, wherein L is the length of screw rod, and L1 is the thickness of sandwich plate, and P is screw rod
Screw pitch, H2 are the thickness of upper plain washer, and H3 is the thickness of lower plain washer；Preferably, the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer
Value range be 2*H2≤H0≤L-L1-P-H2-H3.
3. pretightning force according to claim 2 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the upper plain washer and lower plain washer it is interior
Diameter isConsistent with prefabricated installation aperture, the outer diameter of the upper plain washer and lower plain washer isIt is not small
In bolt or nut support face outside diameter.
4. pretightning force according to claim 3 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the internal diameter of the pretightning force washer is put down with upper
The internal diameter of washer is identical to beOriginal outer diameter is Φ B0, andPreferably B02≤((A2-C2)H1/
H0)+C2。
5. pretightning force according to claim 2 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: when pretightning force instruction washer is installed on
When between bolt and sandwich plate, the value range of the thickness H2 of the upper plain washer is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness,
The value range of the thickness H3 of the lower plain washer is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness, when the pretightning force indicates to pad
When circle is installed between bolt and sandwich plate, the value range of the thickness H2 of the upper plain washer is greater than 0 and to be less than bolt head
Thick half, the value range of the thickness H3 of the lower plain washer are the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness.
6. pretightning force according to claim 5 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the thickness of the upper plain washer and lower plain washer
Spend it is identical, and the thickness of upper plain washer be not less than 1mm.
7. pretightning force according to claim 1 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the upper plain washer, lower plain washer, preload
The shape of power washer is cylinder, appoints the combination of one or several in triangular prism, quadrangular, hexagonal prisms.
8. pretightning force according to claim 1 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the upper plain washer and lower plain washer it is strong
Intensity of the degree higher than mating bolt, the material of nut.
9. pretightning force according to claim 1 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the material of the pretightning force washer is alloy
Steel, stainless steel, high temperature alloy, non-ferrous metal or resin；Preferably, the material of the pretightning force washer is steel alloy.
10. the application method of any pretightning force instruction washer of claim 1-9, characterized by the following steps:
(1) compression performance test is carried out to instruction washer, draws compression force-displacement curve, and determine pressure according to force request is pre-tightened
It condenses and moves value range；
(2) pretightning force instruction washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate；
(3) nut on twisting bolt, and the decrement of pretightning force washer is tested in due course；
(4) stop being screwed into after the displacement of pretightning force washer reaches preset compression displacement value range and complete assembly.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910797273.6A CN110513386A (en) | 2019-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | A kind of pretightning force instruction washer and its application method |
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| CN201910797273.6A CN110513386A (en) | 2019-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | A kind of pretightning force instruction washer and its application method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112377510A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-19 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Pipeline flange thread fastening torque indication method |
| CN114764038A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-19 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Measuring sleeve and measuring system for measuring installation pretension force of bolt connecting structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112377510A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-19 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Pipeline flange thread fastening torque indication method |
| CN112377510B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-08-05 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Pipeline flange thread fastening torque indication method |
| CN114764038A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-19 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Measuring sleeve and measuring system for measuring installation pretension force of bolt connecting structure |
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