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CN110497670B - PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110497670B
CN110497670B CN201910775348.0A CN201910775348A CN110497670B CN 110497670 B CN110497670 B CN 110497670B CN 201910775348 A CN201910775348 A CN 201910775348A CN 110497670 B CN110497670 B CN 110497670B
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sound absorption
melt
layer
fiber
temperature
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CN110497670A (en
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丁照轩
王迎
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Jilin Xingyuan Environmental Protection Material Co ltd
Dalian Polytechnic University
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Dalian Polytechnic University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/02—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
    • B32B37/153—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
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    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
    • B32B38/1808—Handling of layers or the laminate characterised by the laying up of the layers
    • B32B38/1816—Cross feeding of one or more of the layers
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of sound absorption materials. The sound absorption material is composed of a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film, a PP melt-blown fiber layer, a polyester needle punched layer, a PP melt-blown fiber layer and a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film from top to bottom. The product is formed by compounding porous materials with different porosities and different fiber diameters, and achieves the sound absorption effect of high efficiency and wide frequency. The product is soft and fluffy, has good air permeability and light texture, has excellent sound absorption effect especially at 3000 + 4000HZ, and can be widely applied to places needing automotive interior decoration, home decoration and the like. The composite material has the advantages of good composite property, simple processing technology, durability, low cost, cleanness, environmental protection and no peculiar smell, the thickness of the composite material can be adjusted from 10mm to 25mm according to different applicable environments, and the composite material meets the requirements of the low-carbon and environmental-protection times while meeting the sound absorption performance.

Description

PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sound absorption materials, and particularly relates to a PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The environmental noise pollution is one of four major factors of environmental pollution, and the proportion of the environmental noise complaints in China accounting for the total number of the environmental complaints is counted to be 42.1%. Environmental noise pollution damages human health and affects the quality of life of people. With the increasingly perfect urban traffic network, people have increasingly selected transportation tools, and the passengers are obviously irritated by the generation of a large amount of noise in the riding process of the transportation tools such as trains, automobiles, airplanes and the like. Meanwhile, too high noise also influences the attention of a driver, and the dispersion of the attention can greatly improve the occurrence probability of traffic accidents. Therefore, the noise in the carriage is effectively reduced, and the quiet and healthy driving and riding environment is particularly important to create. The reduction of noise in the vehicle mainly depends on the design and material of the vehicle body and the interior sound-absorbing material, wherein the design of high-quality sound-absorbing material is the most common noise reduction method which is also relatively efficient.
The traditional sound absorption and noise reduction material has the defects of low absorption threshold value and weak absorption directivity. Meanwhile, in order to increase the effect, a large amount of inorganic filler is often added into the material, so that the weight of the material is increased, and the trend of the material is deviated from the trend of light weight of automobiles and motor cars. From the division of the principle of sound absorption, sound absorption can be divided into porous sound absorption and resonance sound absorption. The porous sound absorption material is generally a soft sound absorber and has the characteristics of wide sound absorption area and remarkable high-frequency sound absorption area. Resonance sound absorption is often more showing at the low frequency region effect, and traditional helmholtz resonator is not obvious to car noise absorption effect. The noise frequency generated by the machine is mainly around 3000-4000 Hz. Therefore, sound-absorbing materials should be designed to have the maximum absorption threshold for mechanical noise frequencies.
As shown in Chinen patents D06M 15/13; i D04H 1/728; i D04H 1/549; i D06M101/34 discloses a preparation method of a sound-absorbing material for automotive interior. The electrostatic spinning material is adopted as a sound absorption material, but the mechanical property of the single electrostatic spinning material is limited, the surface of the single electrostatic spinning material is easy to wear, meanwhile, the electrostatic spinning material is loose in the inside and loose in stacking when being high in thickness, so that the sound insulation performance is poor, and the performance after being stressed and deformed is greatly influenced.
For example, chinese patent application CN110024022A discloses a flexible sound-absorbing material, which provides a non-woven fabric for a sound-absorbing material, which is used by being laminated with a porous sound-absorbing material to constitute a sound-absorbing material together with the porous sound-absorbing material, and which has insignificant sound-absorbing performance in a high-frequency region.
For example, chinese patent application CN103489442A discloses a flexible sound-absorbing material comprising: the sound absorbing layer is arranged on the other side of the foam bottom layer. Although the foam material and the sound absorption layer with the table-shaped protrusions have good noise insulation effect, the whole laminated sound absorption layer is too soft and too large in thickness, and installation and use are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art and simplify the process required by the sound absorption material, the invention provides the membrane composite broadband sound absorption material which is durable in use, free from peculiar smell, high-efficiency, practical and simple to manufacture.
The invention provides a PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material which is composed of a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film 1, a PP melt-blown fiber layer 2, a polyester needle punched layer 3, a PP melt-blown fiber layer 4 and a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film 5 from top to bottom.
Further, in the technical scheme, the thickness of the PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber membrane is 0.2-1mm, the pore diameter is 40-430nm, and the fiber diameter is 32-900 nm; the PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber membrane is an electrostatic spinning membrane formed by spraying solute PA56 under a polyacid system solvent through an electrostatic spinning machine under a high voltage field.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the thickness of the PP melt-blown fiber layer is 1.4mm-3mm, the pore size is 0.6 μm-23 μm, and the areal density is 300-2. Wherein the diameter of the PET hollow fiber is 20-35 μm, and the diameter of the PP melt-blown fiber is 1.3-3 μm.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the thickness of the terylene needling fiber layer is 6-13mm, and the surface density is 850-2The aperture (non-pinhole structure) is 16-24 μm. The raw materials of the polyester needle-punched fiber layer are PP short fibers and PET hollow fibers, and the blending ratio of the PP short fibers to the PET hollow fibers is 70:30-80: 20.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material, which comprises the following steps:
1) fully mixing PET hollow fibers and PP short fibers in a ratio of 7:3-8:2, carding to form a net, processing into a non-woven base fabric by a needling process, performing surface finishing for 20-45s by a hot rolling process to obtain a needled layer, wherein the pressure of the hot rolling process is 100-2The temperature is 100-120 ℃;
2) and placing the PP short fibers on a receiving plate through mechanical carding, simultaneously carrying out melt extrusion, filtration and stretching on the PP short fibers, and spraying the PP short fibers onto a PP short fiber net on the receiving plate, wherein the temperature of a melt-blowing die head is 220 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 245-300 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.1-0.7MPa, and the size of an air gap is 0.16 mm. The density of the obtained PP melt-blown fiber layer material is 300-2(ii) a Hot rolling and bonding the PP melt-blown fiber layer material and the surface of the needled layer obtained in the step 1) for 1-2 times for 20-45s, wherein the hot rolling and bonding temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the pressure is 90-120kg/m2；
3) Dissolving PA56 in a formic acid/acetic acid mixed solution to prepare a PA56 solution with the concentration of 10-15%, mixing, placing on a magnetic stirrer, heating and stirring at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ until the solute is completely dissolved, wherein the rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer is 400-600 r/min;
4) putting the PA56 solution prepared in the step 3) into a liquid supply box of an electrostatic spinning machine, putting the material obtained in the step 2) on a receiving plate, adjusting the voltage to 60-80kv, the spinning temperature to 25 ℃, the spinning humidity to 30-65%, the receiving distance to 20-25cm, the moving speed of the liquid supply box to 10mm/s, the aperture of the selected metal insert to 0.6-0.9mm, and the spinning time to 40-120 min;
5) putting the material obtained in the step 4) into a die, and pressurizing and heating the material by a hot rolling mill for compounding to prepare the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorbing material, wherein the pressure of the hot rolling mill is 80-100kg/m2The temperature is 65-80 ℃, and the thickness of the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material is 10-25 mm;
6) cooling, cutting, packaging, storing and transporting the PA56 film composite broadband sound-absorbing material obtained in the step 5).
Further, in the above technical scheme, the length of the PET hollow fiber in the step 1) is 47-60mm, the diameter is 45-60 μm, the length of the PP short fiber is 39-58mm, and the diameter is 20-35 μm.
Further, in the above technical solution, the melt index of the PP staple fiber in the step 2) is 1800g/(min), and the average fiber diameter is 1.3-3 μm.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the temperature of the melt extrusion in the step 2) is 220 ℃, the temperature of the hot air is 255-275 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.4-0.6 MPa, and the size of the air gap is 0.16 mm.
Further, in the above technical solution, the formic acid in the formic acid/acetic acid mixed solution in step 3): the mass fraction ratio of the acetic acid is 60:40-70: 30.
The invention also provides application of the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material in automobile interior and home decoration.
Advantageous effects of the invention
1. When the sound absorption material prepared by the invention is adopted in the automotive interior, when different low, medium and high frequency sound waves are generated inside and outside the automobile, the high frequency sound waves are primarily absorbed by the PA56 nano fiber membrane, and the medium and low frequency sound waves are further absorbed by melt blowing/mechanical carding spinning.
2. The melt-blown/mechanical carded spinning layer adopted by the invention has two types of fibers with different fineness, the PET fibers are used as a framework to enhance the mechanical property, the addition of the PP fibers greatly increases the porosity and reduces the pore radius, and the fiber has good absorption effect in medium and low frequency bands.
3. According to the invention, the hollow fiber is added in the needle punching layer, so that the air storage content is increased, the bulkiness of the fabric is increased, and the sound absorption performance of the composite material is further improved.
4. The sound absorption material disclosed by the invention adopts multilayer attraction and materials, integrates different gap structures, porous structures, air layer structures and membrane structures, and cooperates with various sound absorption mechanisms to achieve a high-efficiency and wide-frequency sound absorption effect and effectively solve the problems of noise such as echo and reverberation in a vehicle.
5. The sound absorption material is used as an automobile interior material, adopts multilayer pressing, and has simple processing technology, durability and good mechanical property; the thickness is only 10-20 mm, and the light is pleasing to the eye practical, easily installation operation to can effectively improve the travelling comfort of car internal environment.
6. The PA56 nanofiber membrane in the sound absorption material has extremely high porosity, uniform and fine pores, and a large amount of nano cobweb appears under SEM, so that the sound absorption material is favorable for the formation of siphonage and has extremely high sound absorption effect on a high-frequency area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a PA56 film composite broadband sound absorbing material of the present invention; in the figure: 1. PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber membrane; 2. a PP melt-blown fiber layer; 3. a polyester needling layer; 4. a PP melt-blown fiber layer; 5. PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber membrane;
FIG. 2 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient of sound absorbers at different concentrations of PA 56;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the sound absorption coefficient of sound absorbing material at different thicknesses of the needled layer;
fig. 4 shows the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorbing material at different PA56 film thicknesses.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below by specific embodiments, which are only preferred or preferred embodiments of the present invention, and therefore do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
A needle-free electrostatic spinning machine, czech Elmarco corporation, NS Lab 2G nano spider electrostatic machine;
carding machines, Tianjin Carchenne machine electric Co., Ltd, DSCa-01 laboratory carding machines;
needle machine, Jiangsu Changsheng non-woven equipments Limited company, CSZC high speed needle machine;
spinning and spinning integrated machine (melt-blowing machine), sold by university of Dalian industry;
hot press, bovier machines ltd, yin river, laboratory calenders.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorbing material is composed of a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film 1, a PP melt-blown fiber layer 2, a polyester needle-punched layer 3, a PP melt-blown fiber layer 4 and a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film 5 from top to bottom.
The PA56 electrostatic spinning fibrous membrane of the top layer and the bottom layer is formed by dissolving PA56 in a formic acid/acetic acid system and then forming a PA56 electrostatic spinning membrane through jet flow of an electrostatic spinning machine, the average pore size is 260nm, and a large amount of nano cobweb phenomena can be seen under SEM. The average fiber diameter was 320 nm. The thickness of the upper and lower films is 0.2 mm. 2. The 4 PP melt-blown fiber layers are formed by mixing melt-blown fibers and mechanical carding lapping spinning, the thickness of each melt-blown fiber layer is 2mm, and the areal density of each melt-blown fiber layer is 500g/m2. The middle terylene needling layer has a mechanical structure with a base layer thickness of 6mm and an areal density of 1100g/m2。
A PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material is prepared by the following steps:
1) fully mixing PET hollow fibers and PP short fibers in a ratio of 70:30, and processing the mixture into non-woven base fabric by a needle punching process (using a CSZC high-speed needle punching machine), wherein the length of the PP short fibers is 39mm, the length of the PET hollow fibers is 53mm, the diameter of the PP short fibers is 32 mu m, and the diameter of the PET hollow fibers is 60 mu m. Fully opening and mixing PP short fibers and PET hollow fibers, carding (using DSCa-01 laboratory carding machine) to form a web, reinforcing by a needling process, performing surface finishing for 35s by a hot rolling process (using laboratory calender) at a pressure of 100Kg/m2Hot rolling at 110 deg.C to obtain needled layer with a density of 1100g/m2The thickness is 6 mm.
2) Spinning PP (polypropylene) short fibers on a receiving plate through a carding machine, simultaneously performing melt extrusion, filtration and stretching on the PP short fibers, and spraying the PP short fibers onto a PP carding net on the receiving plate (using a melt-blowing machine), wherein the temperature of a melt-blowing die head is 220 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 255 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.4MPa, and the size of an air gap is 0.16 mm. The density of the obtained PP melt-blown fiber layer material is 500g/m2. Tightly compounding the PP melt-blown fiber layer material and the surface of the needled layer obtained in the step 1) for 20s by 1 hot rolling bonding (laboratory calender), wherein the hot rolling temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 120kg/m2. The PP had a melt index of 1800g/(min) and an average fiber diameter of 2 μm.
3) PA56 was dissolved in a formic acid/acetic acid mixed solution, where formic acid: the mass fraction ratio of acetic acid is 70:30, the prepared PA56 solution has a concentration of 12%, and the mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer after mixing, the rotating speed is 450r/min, the heating temperature is 60 ℃ until the solute is completely dissolved, and the mixture is fully mixed.
4) Placing the PA56 solution prepared in the step 3) into a liquid supply box of an electrostatic spinning machine, placing the material obtained in the step 2) on a receiving plate of the electrostatic spinning machine, adjusting the voltage to 70kv, the spinning temperature to 25 ℃, the spinning humidity to 65%, the receiving distance to 20cm, the moving speed of the liquid supply box to 10mm/s, the aperture of the selected metal insert to 0.6mm, and spinning for 40min to obtain the PA56 nanofiber membrane. The resulting film had a thickness of 0.2mm and a density of 34g/m2The average fiber diameter was 320 nm.
5) Placing the material obtained in the step 4) in a hot rolling mill for surface integration, wherein the hot rolling pressure is 100kg/m2Placing the materials in a mold at the temperature of 80 ℃, performing pressurization and heating compounding through a hot rolling mill, and performing compression molding to obtain the PA56 film composite broadband sound-absorbing material, wherein the thickness of the sound-absorbing material is 10.4 mm;
6) and (3) cooling, cutting, packaging, storing and transporting the PA56 film composite broadband sound-absorbing material subjected to compression molding in the step 5).
The sound absorption material of the present invention is used for automotive interior. The sound absorption material prepared by the method has obvious sound absorption effect at 3000-4000HZ, is light and thin, and has the sound absorption effect higher than 0.9 at 4000HZ and above. The film is formed evenly and durable.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorbing material is composed of a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film 1, a PP melt-blown fiber layer 2, a polyester needle-punched layer 3, a PP melt-blown fiber layer 4 and a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film 5 from top to bottom.
The PA56 electrostatic spinning fibrous membrane of the top layer and the bottom layer is formed by dissolving PA56 in a formic acid/acetic acid system and then forming a PA56 electrostatic spinning membrane through jet flow of an electrostatic spinning machine. The average pore size is 200nm, and a large amount of nano cobweb phenomenon can be seen under SEM. The average diameter of the fiber is 290nm, and the thickness of the upper line two-layer film is 0.3 mm. 2. 4 PP melt-blown fiber layers areMelt-blown fiber and mechanical carding lapping spinning are mixed to obtain the invented product. The thickness of the melt-blown fiber layers of the two layers is 3mm, and the areal density is 630g/m2. The middle terylene needling layer has a mechanical structure base layer with a thickness of 10mm and an areal density of 1570g/m2。
A PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material is prepared by the following steps:
1) fully mixing PET hollow fibers and PP short fibers in a ratio of 65:35, and processing the mixture into non-woven base fabric through a needle punching process, wherein the length of the PP short fibers is 39mm, the length of the PET hollow fibers is 57mm, the diameter of the PP short fibers is 32 mu m, and the diameter of the PET hollow fibers is 47 mu m. Fully opening and mixing PP short fibers and PET hollow fibers, carding into a net, reinforcing by a needling process, performing surface finishing by a hot rolling process for 45s at the pressure of 120Kg/m2 and the hot rolling temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain a needled layer, wherein the cloth cover density of the needled non-woven fabric is 1570g/m2The thickness is 10 mm.
2) Spinning PP short fibers on a receiving plate through a carding machine, simultaneously performing melt extrusion, filtration and stretching on the PP short fibers, and spraying the PP short fibers onto a PP carding net on the receiving plate, wherein the temperature of a melt-blowing die head is 220 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 275 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.6MPa, and the size of an air gap is 0.16 mm. The obtained PP melt-blown fiber layer material had a density of 630g/m2The thickness is 3 mm. Hot rolling and bonding for 2 times to tightly compound the PP melt-blown fiber layer material and the surface of the needled layer obtained in the step 1) for 45s, wherein the hot rolling temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 120kg/m2. The PP had a melt index of 1800g/(min) and an average fiber diameter of 2 μm.
3) PA56 was dissolved in a formic acid/acetic acid mixed solution, where formic acid: the mass fraction ratio of acetic acid is 70:30, the prepared PA56 solution has a concentration of 10%, and the mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer after mixing, the rotating speed is 400r/min, the heating temperature is 60 ℃ until the solute is completely dissolved, and the mixture is fully mixed.
4) Placing the PA56 solution prepared in the step 3) into a liquid supply box of an electrostatic spinning machine, placing the material obtained in the step 2) on a receiving plate of the electrostatic spinning machine, adjusting the voltage to 80kv, the spinning temperature to 25 ℃, the spinning humidity to 65%, the receiving distance to 20cm, the moving speed of the liquid supply box to 10mm/s, and selecting a metal insertThe aperture is 0.6mm, and the PA56 nano-fiber membrane is obtained after spinning for 60 min. The obtained material had a thickness of 0.3mm and an areal density of 50g/m2The average diameter was 290 nm.
5) Placing the material obtained in the step 4) in a hot rolling mill for surface integration, wherein the hot rolling pressure is 100kg/m2Placing the materials in a mold at the temperature of 80 ℃, performing pressurization and heating compounding through a hot rolling mill, and performing compression molding to obtain the PA56 film composite broadband sound-absorbing material, wherein the thickness of the sound-absorbing material is 16.6 mm;
6) and (3) cooling, cutting, packaging, storing and transporting the PA56 film composite broadband sound-absorbing material subjected to compression molding in the step 5).
The sound-absorbing material of the invention is used for indoor decoration and sound insulation places. The prepared material is thick and compact, has good mechanical property, can reach 0.5 at the position of 1000-plus-1300 HZ, can obviously reduce the stimulation of noise to human ears, and can reach 0.9 at the sound absorption coefficient above 4000 HZ.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorbing material is composed of a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film 1, a PP melt-blown fiber layer 2, a polyester needle-punched layer 3, a PP melt-blown fiber layer 4 and a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film 5 from top to bottom.
The PA56 electrostatic spinning fibrous membrane of the top layer and the bottom layer is formed by dissolving PA56 in a formic acid/acetic acid system and then forming a PA56 electrostatic spinning membrane through jet flow of an electrostatic spinning machine. The average pore size is 170nm, and a large amount of nano cobweb phenomenon can be seen under SEM. The average fiber diameter was 210 nm. The thickness of the two upper-line layers is 0.1 mm. 2. The 4 PP melt-blown fiber layers are formed by mixing melt-blown fibers and mechanical carding lapping spinning, the thickness of each melt-blown fiber layer is 1.5mm, and the areal density of each melt-blown fiber layer is 320g/m2. The middle terylene needling layer is a mechanical structure with the base layer thickness of 6mm and the surface density of 980g/m2。
A PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material is prepared by the following steps:
1) fully mixing PET hollow fibers and PP short fibers in a ratio of 60:40, and processing the mixture into non-woven base fabric by a needle punching process, wherein the length of the PP short fibers is 39mm, the length of the PET hollow fibers is 57mm, the diameter of the PP short fibers is 32 mu m, and the PET hollow fibers are straightThe diameter was 58 μm. Fully opening and mixing PP short fibers and PET hollow fibers, carding into a net, reinforcing by a needling process, performing surface finishing for 35s by a hot rolling process at the pressure of 100Kg/m2 and the hot rolling temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain a needled layer, wherein the cloth cover density of the prepared needled non-woven fabric is 980g/m2The thickness is 6 mm.
2) Spinning PP short fibers on a receiving plate through a carding machine, simultaneously performing melt extrusion, filtration and stretching on the PP short fibers, and spraying the PP short fibers onto a PP carding net on the receiving plate, wherein the temperature of a melt-blowing die head is 220 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 255 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.5MPa, and the size of an air gap is 0.16 mm. The density of the obtained PP melt-blown fiber layer material is 320g/m2And a PP melt-blown fiber layer with the thickness of 1.5 mm. Tightly compounding the PP melt-blown fiber layer material and the needled layer material obtained in the step 1) for 25s by hot rolling and bonding for 1 time, wherein the hot rolling temperature is 90 ℃, and the pressure is 100kg/m2. The PP had a melt index of 1800g/(min) and an average fiber diameter of 2 μm.
3) PA56 was dissolved in a formic acid/acetic acid mixed solution, where formic acid: the mass fraction ratio of acetic acid is 60:40, the prepared PA56 solution has a concentration of 12%, and the mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer after mixing, the rotating speed is 600r/min, the heating temperature is 70 ℃ until the solute is completely dissolved, and the mixture is fully mixed.
4) Placing the PA56 prepared solution obtained in the step 3) into a liquid supply box of an electrostatic spinning machine, placing the material obtained in the step 2) on a receiving plate of the electrostatic spinning machine, adjusting the voltage to 80kv, the spinning temperature to 25 ℃, the spinning humidity to 50%, the receiving distance to 20cm, the moving speed of the liquid supply box to 10mm/s, the aperture of the selected metal insert to 0.6mm, and obtaining the PA56 nanofiber membrane after 20min of spinning. The resulting material had a thickness of 0.1mm and an areal density of 19g/m2The average fiber diameter was 210 nm.
5) Putting the material obtained in the step 4) into a hot rolling mill for surface integration, wherein the hot rolling pressure is 80kg/m2Placing the materials in a mold at the temperature of 80 ℃, performing pressurization and heating compounding through a hot rolling mill, and performing compression molding to obtain the PA56 film composite broadband sound-absorbing material, wherein the thickness of the sound-absorbing material is 9.2 mm;
6) and (3) cooling, cutting, packaging, storing and transporting the PA56 film composite broadband sound-absorbing material subjected to compression molding in the step 5).
The sound-absorbing material of the present invention is used for automotive interior.
When the sound absorption material prepared by the invention is adopted in the automotive interior, when different low, medium and high frequency sound waves are generated inside and outside the automobile, the high frequency sound waves are primarily absorbed by the PA56 nano fiber membrane, and the medium and low frequency sound waves are further absorbed by melt blowing/mechanical carding spinning.
The melt-blown/mechanical carded spinning layer adopted by the invention has two types of fibers with different fineness, the PET fibers are used as a framework to enhance the mechanical property, the addition of the PP fibers greatly increases the porosity and reduces the pore radius, and the fiber has good absorption effect in medium and low frequency bands.
According to the invention, the hollow fiber is added in the needle punching layer, so that the air storage content is increased, the bulkiness of the fabric is increased, and the sound absorption performance of the composite material is further improved.
The effect of the sound absorption material prepared by the invention is shown in the attached figures 2-4. Wherein, fig. 2 is the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption material under different PA56 concentrations, fig. 3 is the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption material under different needling layer thicknesses, and fig. 4 is the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption material under different PA56 film thicknesses. The sound absorption product prepared by the invention has very excellent sound absorption performance at 800-6500 HZ.
The above are preferred partial embodiments of the present invention, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, integrations and parameter changes of the embodiments, which are conventional substitutes or can achieve the same or similar functions of the present invention, without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention, are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material is characterized in that the sound absorption material is composed of a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film (1), a PP melt-blown fiber layer (2), a polyester needle-punched layer (3), a PP melt-blown fiber layer (4) and a PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber film (5) from top to bottom;
the thickness of the PA56 electrostatic spinning fiber membrane is 0.2-1mm, and the aperture is 40-430 nm;
the thickness of the PP melt-blown fiber layer is 1.4-3mm, and the pore diameter is 0.6-23 mu m;
the thickness of the polyester needling layer is 6-13mm, and the aperture is 16-24 μm.
2. The sound absorber of claim 1, wherein the PA56 electrospun fiber membrane has a fiber diameter of 32-900 nm.
3. The sound absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PP meltblown fiber layer has an areal density of 300-700g/m2。
4. The sound absorption material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the areal density of the polyester needle-punched layer is 850-1800g/m2。
5. The method for preparing the PA56 film composite multilayer broadband sound absorption material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) fully mixing PET hollow fibers and PP short fibers in a mass ratio of 7:3-8:2, carding to form a net, processing into non-woven base fabric by a needling process, performing surface finishing for 20-45s by a hot rolling process to obtain a needled layer, wherein the pressure of the hot rolling process is 100-2The temperature is 100-120 ℃;
2) spinning PP short fibers on a receiving plate after mechanical carding, simultaneously performing melt extrusion on the PP short fibers, stretching and spraying the PP short fibers onto a PP carding net on the receiving plate, wherein the material density of the obtained PP melt-blown fiber layer is 300-600g/m2(ii) a Hot rolling and bonding the PP melt-blown fiber layer material and the surface of the needled layer obtained in the step 1) for 1-2 times for 20-45s, wherein the hot rolling and bonding temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the pressure is 90-120kg/m2；
3) Dissolving PA56 in a formic acid/acetic acid mixed solution to prepare a PA56 solution with the concentration of 10-15 wt%, mixing, placing on a magnetic stirrer, heating and stirring at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ until the solute is completely dissolved, wherein the rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer is 400-600 r/min;
4) putting the PA56 solution prepared in the step 3) into a liquid supply box of an electrostatic spinning machine, putting the material obtained in the step 2) on a receiving plate, adjusting the voltage to 60-80kv, the spinning temperature to 25 ℃, the spinning humidity to 30-65%, the receiving distance to 20-25cm, the moving speed of the liquid supply box to 10mm/s, the aperture of the selected metal insert to 0.6-0.9mm, and the spinning time to 40-120 min;
5) pressurizing and heating the material obtained in the step 4) by a hot rolling mill for compounding to prepare the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorbing material, wherein the pressure of the hot rolling mill is 80-100kg/m2The temperature is 65-80 ℃, and the thickness of the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorption material is 10-25 mm;
6) cooling, cutting, packaging, storing and transporting the PA56 film composite broadband sound-absorbing material obtained in the step 5).
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the length of the PET hollow fiber in the step 1) is 47-60mm, the diameter is 45-60 μm, the length of the PP short fiber is 39-58mm, and the diameter is 20-35 μm.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the PP staple fiber of step 2) has a melt index of 1800g/(min) and an average fiber diameter of 1.3 to 3 μm.
8. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the melt extrusion in the step 2) is 220 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 255-275 ℃, the pressure of hot air is 0.4-0.6 MPa, and the size of an air gap is 0.16 mm.
9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the formic acid/acetic acid mixed solution in the step 3) has a formic acid: the mass fraction ratio of the acetic acid is 60:40-70: 30.
10. The use of the PA56 film composite broadband sound absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in automobile interior and home decoration.
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