CN110446737B - 通过分开施加多异氰酸酯组合物和交联催化剂形成涂层 - Google Patents
通过分开施加多异氰酸酯组合物和交联催化剂形成涂层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110446737B CN110446737B CN201880020747.XA CN201880020747A CN110446737B CN 110446737 B CN110446737 B CN 110446737B CN 201880020747 A CN201880020747 A CN 201880020747A CN 110446737 B CN110446737 B CN 110446737B
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- polyisocyanate composition
- polyisocyanate
- composition
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- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 Solventnaphtha @ 100 Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 32
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical group O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-iminooxadiazine-4,5-dione Chemical group N=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical group NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazine-4,5,6-trione Chemical group O=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 13
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 11
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-crown-6 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1 XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CEUQYYYUSUCFKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(2-sulfanylethylsulfanyl)propane-1-thiol Chemical compound SCCSCC(CS)SCCS CEUQYYYUSUCFKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQOMQLYQAXGHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 236TMPh Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1C QQOMQLYQAXGHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VBHJAIGGLJOOLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylphosphanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C[P+](C)(C)C VBHJAIGGLJOOLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- PWBHRVGYSMBMIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylstannanylium;acetate Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(C)=O PWBHRVGYSMBMIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- XYWDHYCFBKMVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(sulfanylmethylsulfanyl)methylsulfanylmethanethiol Chemical compound SCSC(SCS)(SCS)SCS XYWDHYCFBKMVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0209—Multistage baking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
- B05D3/105—Intermediate treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/02—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only
- C08G18/022—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only the polymeric products containing isocyanurate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/22—Catalysts containing metal compounds
- C08G18/225—Catalysts containing metal compounds of alkali or alkaline earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过交替施加多异氰酸酯组合物和合适的交联催化剂,然后使该多异氰酸酯组合物催化交联来涂覆表面的方法。
Description
本发明涉及通过交替施加多异氰酸酯组合物和合适的交联催化剂,然后使该多异氰酸酯组合物催化交联来涂覆表面的方法。优选在多元醇、多胺或多元硫醇不参与的情况下进行交联。
US 6,133,397描述了用于形成涂层的多异氰酸酯催化交联。但是,催化剂和多异氰酸酯在此在涂覆到待涂覆的表面上之前进行混合。
在本专利申请所基于的研究中已令人惊奇地发现,即使当交联催化剂和待交联的多异氰酸酯以分开的层的形式施加到待涂覆的表面上时,也可获得具有有利应用技术性能的稳定涂层。这一发现为涂层的形成开拓了各种各样的新可能性。
在第一实施方案中,本发明涉及涂覆表面的方法,其包括下列步骤
a) 将多异氰酸酯组合物A施加到表面上;
b) 将含有至少一种交联催化剂B1的组合物B施加到同一表面上;并且
c) 通过多异氰酸酯组合物A的催化交联而使多异氰酸酯组合物A固化;
其中条件是,方法步骤a)和b)以任意顺序进行,或者同时但在方法步骤c)之前进行。
方法步骤的顺序
原则上,是首先施加多异氰酸酯组合物A和随后施加组合物B、还是选择相反顺序,这是无关紧要的。同样可以同时进行方法步骤a)和b)。方法步骤a)和b)的所有上述顺序的共同之处在于,多异氰酸酯组合物A和组合物B的混合仅在离开用于施加到表面上的装置之后才进行,优选仅在表面上才进行。因此,组合物A和B在用于施加的装置内以未混合的形式存在。
然而,当组合物B在第一方法步骤中施加时,被证明是有利的,因此是优选的。
根据本发明,方法步骤a)和b)的每个可以优选地重复至少两次。在此,可以重复所涉方法步骤而不插入在每种情况下的另一方法步骤。因此例如产生顺序a)、a)、b)和随后的c),或b)、b)、a)和随后的c)。
在一个优选的实施方案中,步骤c)可以在已以任意顺序施加至少一个层a)和b)之后进行。然后可以以任意顺序用a)和b)继续形成层,其中步骤c)总是完结该形成。因此例如产生顺序a)、b)、c)、a)、b)、c),或a)、b)、c)、b)、a)、c),或b)、a)、c)、a)、b)、c),或b)、a)、c)、b)、a)、c)。
在一个优选实施方案中,方法步骤a)进行至少两次,其中方法步骤a)的重复仅在已进行方法步骤b)时才发生。因此产生顺序a)、b)、a)和最后的步骤c)。还优选的是顺序a)、b)、a)、b)和随后的c)。
在另一个优选实施方案中,方法步骤b)进行至少两次,其中方法步骤b)的重复仅在已进行方法步骤a)时才发生。因此产生顺序b)、a)、b)和最后的步骤c)。还优选的是顺序b)、a)、b)、a)和随后的c)。
优选的是,当重复方法步骤a)或b)时,可以使用相同的多异氰酸酯组合物A和相同的催化剂组合物B。以此方式可以例如在印刷方法中获得厚涂层而无需改变印刷机。
在另一个优选实施方案中,多异氰酸酯组合物A逐层变化,并且催化剂组合物B保持恒定,由此可以获得依赖于层的性能,因此所得涂层在其厚度方面是不同形成的。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,催化剂组合物B逐层变化,并且多异氰酸酯组合物A保持恒定,由此可以在步骤c)中获得依赖于层的交联速度。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,催化剂组合物B逐层变化,并且多异氰酸酯组合物A也变化,由此可以获得被调适成依赖于层的性能和步骤c)中的交联速度。
层厚度
优选地选择由多异氰酸酯组合物A形成的层的绝对厚度和其厚度与由组合物B形成的层的厚度的比率,以使得在方法步骤c)中可以进行如“固化”章节中定义的多异氰酸酯组合物A通过催化交联的固化。导致包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的多异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团交联的官能团的形成可以通过常规分析方法,优选通过IR光谱法,如实施例中所述测定。或者,流变学也特别好地适合用于分析。
不考虑由组合物A形成的层的溶剂或水性成分,组合物A和B的固体成分的最大施加重量优选为在每层施加中≤ 250 g/m2,更优选≤ 150 g/m2,还更优选≤ 100 g/m2,非常特别优选≤ 90 g/m2。
在上述施加重量的情况下的催化剂浓度优选为0.05重量%至10重量%,优选0.5重量%至5重量%,最优选1重量%至4重量%。在此,该催化剂含量基于包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的单-和多异氰酸酯计。
在此,由组合物B形成的层的如上定义的最大施加重量优选为在每层施加中≤ 50g/m2,更优选≤ 30 g/m2,还更优选≤ 10 g/m2,非常特别优选≤ 5 g/m2。
根据本发明,必须至少在待涂覆的表面的一部分上使多异氰酸酯组合物A与组合物B接触,以使得在方法步骤c)中可以进行包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的多异氰酸酯的催化交联。然而也不排除的是,表面的一些部分仅被两种组合物中的一种、或不被两种组合物中的任一种覆盖。
施加方法
组合物A和B的施加可以通过本身已知的不同方法进行。它们优选是喷涂、刷涂、浸涂、浇注、流涂或借助刷子、辊、喷嘴或刮刀的施加。特别优选印刷技术,特别是丝网印刷、阀喷射(Valvejet)、气泡喷射和压电式印刷。待涂覆的表面必须被组分A和/或B充分润湿。表面被A和/或B的充分润湿度优选被定义为表面上液体的接触角为最大100○,其中接触角测量优选根据Wilhelmy方法借助张力计进行。
在一个优选的实施方案中,催化剂和异氰酸酯都以确保充分润湿的配制剂的形式使用。为此,本领域技术人员使用漆料、胶粘剂和印刷中已知的添加剂和配制助剂,其如在用于漆料、胶粘剂和印刷油墨开发和应用的典范著作中描述。关于合适添加剂的信息,可另外在对此专业的公司的资料中,例如BYK-Chemie GmbH公司的BYK添加剂指南中找到。
优选的是,待涂覆的表面由选自矿物材料、金属、硬性塑料、柔性塑料、纺织品、皮革、木材、木材衍生物和纸的材料构成。矿物材料优选选自玻璃、石材、陶瓷材料和混凝土。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,这些材料已作为用常规有机或无机或混合漆料、底漆、蜡改性的表面存在。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,组合物A和B仅施用在待涂覆的表面的一些部分上。以此方式例如可以生成图案。
特别优选的是,首先将组合物B施加到整个表面或其部分上。随后将多异氰酸酯组合物A仅施加到由组合物B覆盖的表面的一部分上。在方法步骤c)中进行多异氰酸酯组合物A的催化交联后,可以在未被多异氰酸酯组合物A覆盖的位置处简单地洗去组合物B,以获得仅部分涂覆的表面。
通过将多异氰酸酯组合物A施加到整个表面或其部分上并随后将组合物B仅施加到也应涂覆的那些表面部分上,也可以获得这类部分涂覆的表面。在方法步骤c)中催化交联之后,然后可以从不存在组合物B的表面位置处除去未交联的多异氰酸酯组合物A。
指数
优选的是,在方法步骤c)开始时存在于表面上的反应混合物中的游离和可逆封闭的异氰酸酯基团的总和与对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团的总和的摩尔比为至少3:1,优选至少5:1,还更优选至少10:1。所述“反应混合物”含有多异氰酸酯组合物A、组合物B和在方法步骤c)开始前施加到表面上的所有其它组分。“可逆封闭的”异氰酸酯基团如下在本申请中在“封闭的异氰酸酯”章节中定义。“对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团”应理解为指羟基、硫醇基团和氨基。
多异氰酸酯组合物A
多异氰酸酯组合物A是含有至少一种多异氰酸酯的组合物。在本发明的一个实施方案中,多异氰酸酯组合物A除了含有至少一种多异氰酸酯外还含有至少一种选自单异氰酸酯、溶剂、反应性稀释剂、填料和添加剂的组分。
这里使用的术语“多异氰酸酯”是在分子中含有两个或更多个异氰酸酯基团(其被本领域技术人员理解为是指通式结构–N=C=O中的游离异氰酸酯基团)的化合物的总称。这些多异氰酸酯的最简单和最重要的代表是二异氰酸酯。它们具有通式结构O=C=N–R–N=C=O,其中R通常表示脂族、脂环族和/或芳族基团。多异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团可以是游离的或被如下在本申请中描述的封闭剂封闭的。
由于多官能度(≥ 2个异氰酸酯基团),可以由多异氰酸酯制备多种聚合物(例如聚氨酯、聚脲和聚异氰脲酸酯)和低分子量化合物(例如具有脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构的化合物)。
在此当一般性地提及“多异氰酸酯”时,这同样是指单体和/或低聚多异氰酸酯。然而,为了理解本发明的许多方面,重要的是在单体二异氰酸酯和低聚多异氰酸酯之间进行区分。在此当提及“低聚多异氰酸酯”时,这是指由至少两个单体二异氰酸酯分子形成的多异氰酸酯,即是或含有由至少两个单体二异氰酸酯分子形成的反应产物的化合物。
所述至少一种包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的多异氰酸酯可以是单体或低聚多异氰酸酯。多异氰酸酯组合物A同样可以含有至少一种单体多异氰酸酯和至少一种低聚多异氰酸酯。
优选的是,包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的单体或低聚多异氰酸酯中的至少一种具有2.0至6.0,优选2.3至4.5的(平均)NCO官能度。
当根据本发明使用的多异氰酸酯组合物A具有3.0重量%至55.0重量%的异氰酸酯基团含量时,获得特别实用的结果。已经发现,当根据本发明的多异氰酸酯组合物A具有10.0重量%至30.0重量%的异氰酸酯基团含量时是非常特别实用的,在每种情况下基于包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的所有异氰酸酯的重量计。
合适的单体多异氰酸酯
适合用作多异氰酸酯组合物A的单体多异氰酸酯的是分子量为140至400 g/mol的这类单体多异氰酸酯,其含有脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族键合的异氰酸酯基团。这些多异氰酸酯可以以各种方式,例如通过液相或气相中的光气化,或通过无光气途径,例如通过氨基甲酸酯热裂解来获得。
具有脂族键合的异氰酸酯基团的优选单体异氰酸酯是1,4-二异氰酸根合丁烷(BDI)、1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷(PDI)、1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷(HDI)、2-甲基-1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷、1,5-二异氰酸根合-2,2-二甲基戊烷、2,2,4-或2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷和1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷。
具有脂环族键合的异氰酸酯基团的优选单体异氰酸酯是1,3-和1,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,4-二异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合-2-甲基环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合-4-甲基环己烷、1-异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸根合甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯;IPDI)、1-异氰酸根合-1-甲基-4(3)-异氰酸根合甲基环己烷、2,4'-和4,4'-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、1,3-和1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、双(异氰酸根合甲基)降冰片烷(NBDI)、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3'-二甲基二环己基甲烷、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3',5,5'-四甲基二环己基甲烷、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-1,1'-双(环己基)、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3'-二甲基-1,1'-(环己基)、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-2,2',5,5'-四甲基-1,1'-双(环己基)、1,8-二异氰酸根合-对薄荷烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合金刚烷和1,3-二甲基-5,7-二异氰酸根合金刚烷。
具有芳脂键合的异氰酸酯基团的优选单体异氰酸酯是1,3-和1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)苯(苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯;XDI)、1,3-和1,4-双(1-异氰酸根合-1-甲基乙基)苯(TMXDI)。
具有芳族键合的异氰酸酯基团的优选单体异氰酸酯是2,4-和2,6-二异氰酸根合甲苯(TDI)、2,4'-和4,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷(MDI)和1,5-二异氰酸根合萘。
同样合适的其它二异氰酸酯可另外例如在Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie第562卷(1949)第75-136页中找到。
在一个优选的实施方案中,多异氰酸酯组合物A含有至少40重量%,优选50重量%,特别优选60重量%,非常特别优选70重量%的含有至少一个异氰酸酯基团的化合物,其中条件是包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的异氰酸酯的平均官能度为至少1.5,更优选至少1.7,还更优选至少2.0。
制备低聚多异氰酸酯
根据本发明可使用的低聚多异氰酸酯可由上述单体多异氰酸酯通过在下面章节中描述的单体多异氰酸酯的“改性”操作来获得。在此可以通过将上述单体多异氰酸酯的各个改性来获得低聚多异氰酸酯。然而,还可以将上述单体多异氰酸酯中至少两种的混合物改性,以获得由至少两种不同单体构成的低聚多异氰酸酯。
由单体二异氰酸酯制备低聚多异氰酸酯在此也称为单体二异氰酸酯的改性。在此所用的这种“改性”在此是指单体二异氰酸酯反应以得到具有脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构的低聚多异氰酸酯。
因此,例如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)是“单体二异氰酸酯”,因为它含有两个异氰酸酯基团并且不是由至少两个多异氰酸酯分子形成的反应产物:
相反,在本发明的上下文中,始终仍具有至少两个异氰酸酯基团的由至少两个HDI分子形成的反应产物是“低聚多异氰酸酯”。由单体HDI出发,这类“低聚多异氰酸酯”的代表是例如HDI异氰脲酸酯和HDI缩二脲,其分别由三个单体HDI单元形成:
根据本发明,低聚多异氰酸酯尤其可以具有脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构。在本发明的一个实施方案中,低聚多异氰酸酯具有下列低聚结构类型中的至少一种或其混合物:
令人惊奇地发现,可能有利的是使用低聚多异氰酸酯,其是至少两种低聚多异氰酸酯的混合物,其中所述至少两种低聚多异氰酸酯在其结构方面不同。该结构优选选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和噁二嗪三酮结构及其混合物。特别是与具有仅一种特定结构的低聚多异氰酸酯的交联反应相比,这种起始混合物可导致对Tg值的影响,这对许多应用而言是有利的。
在根据本发明的方法中,优选使用含有至少一种具有缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯、异氰脲酸酯和/或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮结构的低聚多异氰酸酯及其混合物的多异氰酸酯组合物A)。
在另一个实施方案中,包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的低聚多异氰酸酯是含有仅一种单一的特定低聚结构,例如仅仅或大部分地异氰脲酸酯结构的低聚多异氰酸酯。然而,在根据本发明使用的低聚多异氰酸酯中由于制备所致也通常总是同时存在多种不同低聚结构。
在本发明的上下文中,当选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构的低聚结构以至少50摩尔%,优选60摩尔%,优选70摩尔%,特别优选80摩尔%,特别是90摩尔%的程度存在时,低聚多异氰酸酯被认为由一种单一的特定低聚结构形成,在每种情况下基于该低聚多异氰酸酯中存在的选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和噁二嗪三酮结构的低聚结构的总和计。
在另一个实施方案中,在根据本发明的方法中使用具有单一特定低聚结构的低聚多异氰酸酯,其中该低聚结构选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构并且以至少50摩尔%,优选60摩尔%,优选70摩尔%,特别优选80摩尔%,特别是90摩尔%的程度存在,在每种情况下基于该低聚多异氰酸酯中存在的选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和噁二嗪三酮结构的低聚结构的总和计。
在另一个实施方案中,低聚多异氰酸酯是主要具有异氰脲酸酯结构并且允许含有上述脲二酮、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构仅作为副产物的低聚多异氰酸酯。因此,本发明的一个实施方案设置了使用具有单一特定低聚结构的低聚多异氰酸酯,其中该低聚结构是异氰脲酸酯结构并且以至少50摩尔%,优选60摩尔%,优选70摩尔%,特别优选80摩尔%,特别是90摩尔%的程度存在,在每种情况下基于该多异氰酸酯中存在的选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和噁二嗪三酮结构的低聚结构的总和计。
根据本发明,同样可以使用低聚多异氰酸酯,其基本上不含异氰脲酸酯结构并且主要含有上述脲二酮、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/噁二嗪三酮结构类型中的至少一种。在本发明的一个特别的实施方案中,所用的低聚多异氰酸酯由至少50摩尔%,优选60摩尔%,优选70摩尔%,特别优选80摩尔%,特别是90摩尔%的具有选自脲二酮、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构的结构类型的低聚多异氰酸酯构成,基于该多异氰酸酯中存在的选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和噁二嗪三酮结构的低聚结构的总和计。
本发明的另一个实施方案设置了使用贫异氰脲酸酯的多异氰酸酯,该多异氰酸酯具有最大50摩尔%,优选最大40摩尔%,优选最大30摩尔%,特别优选最大20摩尔%、10摩尔%或5摩尔%的异氰脲酸酯结构,基于该多异氰酸酯中存在的选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和噁二嗪三酮结构的低聚结构的总和计。
本发明的另一个实施方案设置了使用具有单一特定低聚结构类型的低聚多异氰酸酯,其中该低聚结构类型选自脲二酮、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构并且该结构类型以至少50摩尔%,优选60摩尔%,优选70摩尔%,特别优选80摩尔%,特别是90摩尔%的程度存在,基于该多异氰酸酯中存在的选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和噁二嗪三酮结构的低聚结构的总和计。
多异氰酸酯组合物A)中的脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构的含量可以例如通过NMR波谱法测定。在此优选使用13C NMR波谱法,其优选为质子去耦形式,因为所提到的低聚结构提供特征信号。
根据本发明用于多异氰酸酯组合物A)中的具有脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构的低聚多异氰酸酯的制备方法描述于例如J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) 185–200、DE-A 1 670 666、DE-A 1 954 093、DE-A 2 414413、DE-A 2 452 532、DE-A 2 641 380、DE-A 3 700 209、DE-A 3 900 053和DE-A 3 928503或EP-A 0 336 205、EP-A 0 339 396和EP-A 0 798 299中。
在本发明的另一个或替代性实施方案中,根据本发明可使用的低聚多异氰酸酯被定义为它含有不论所用改性反应的类型如何而在遵循5%至45%,优选10%至40%,特别优选15%至30%的低聚程度下由单体二异氰酸酯获得的低聚多异氰酸酯。“低聚程度”在此应理解为是指最初存在于起始混合物中的异氰酸酯基团的在制备过程中被消耗以形成脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构的百分比。
调节多异氰酸酯组合物A的粘度
多异氰酸酯组合物A的在每种情况下特定的粘度特别适合于将多异氰酸酯组合物A施加到表面上的不同方法。由于并非每种单体或低聚多异氰酸酯作为纯物质在所需的加工温度下具有合适粘度,因此多异氰酸酯组合物A的粘度需要适配于某些应用。特别地,低聚多异氰酸酯在室温下具有对于某些应用而言过高的粘度。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,通过加入合适的溶剂来稀释多异氰酸酯组合物A以降低其粘度。合适的溶剂是不与或仅仅缓慢地与异氰酸酯反应并且优选将其完全溶解且沸点> 30℃且<300℃的所有这类溶剂。实例包括包含选自酮、酯、醚、脂环族环、杂环族环、芳族化合物、氯及其任意混合物的结构元素的溶剂,例如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸甲氧基丙酯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、甲苯、二甲苯、Solventnaphtha® 100及其混合物。优选的溶剂是甲基乙基酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和乙酸2-乙基己酯。
通过所述溶剂,通常产生良好的相容性,但必须测试相应溶液的储存稳定性。所述溶剂的水含量优选为最大0.05重量%。它们优选还含有含反应性基团如羟基或氨基的化合物,其含量为最大0.05重量%。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,通过混合低聚和单体多异氰酸酯来调节多异氰酸酯组合物A的粘度。由于低聚异氰酸酯具有比用于形成它们的单体多异氰酸酯更高的粘度,因此可以通过适当混合这两种组分来建立多异氰酸酯组合物A的所需粘度。因此,含有低聚多异氰酸酯或由其组成的组合物的粘度可以通过加入合适的单体多异氰酸酯来降低。相反,可以将低聚多异氰酸酯加入到包含单体多异氰酸酯或由其组成的组合物中以增加其粘度。当通过改变单体和低聚多异氰酸酯的用量含量来调节多异氰酸酯组合物A的粘度时,这具有优于使用溶剂的优点,即没有挥发性有机化合物残留在涂层中或需要在方法步骤c)之前蒸发(干燥)。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,通过增加或降低多异氰酸酯组合物A的温度来将其粘度调节至所需值。该方法还可以与通过加入溶剂或通过混合单体和低聚多异氰酸酯的粘度调节相结合。
贫单体的多异氰酸酯组合物A
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,多异氰酸酯组合物A是贫单体的(即贫单体二异氰酸酯)并且已经含有低聚多异氰酸酯。在本发明的一个实施方案中,多异氰酸酯组合物A完全或以至少80重量%、85重量%、90重量%、95重量%、98重量%、99重量%或99.5重量%的程度由低聚多异氰酸酯组成,在每种情况下基于多异氰酸酯组合物A的重量计。该低聚多异氰酸酯的含量基于多异氰酸酯组合物A,即它们例如在本发明的方法中不作为中间体形成,而是已经在反应开始时存在于用作反应物的多异氰酸酯组合物A中。
“贫单体”和“贫单体二异氰酸酯”在此相对于多异氰酸酯组合物A而言同义使用。
当多异氰酸酯组合物A具有在多异氰酸酯组合物A中最大20重量%,特别是最大15重量%或最大10重量%的单体二异氰酸酯含量时,获得特别实用的结果,在每种情况中基于多异氰酸酯组合物A的重量计。优选地,多异氰酸酯组合物A具有最大5重量%,优选最大2.0重量%,特别优选最大1.0重量%的单体二异氰酸酯含量,在每种情况中基于多异氰酸酯组合物A的重量计。当聚合组合物A基本上不含单体二异氰酸酯时,建立了特别好的结果。在此,“基本上不含”是指单体二异氰酸酯的含量为最大0.5重量%,基于多异氰酸酯组合物A的重量计。
贫低聚物的多异氰酸酯组合物A可通过使用低聚多异氰酸酯获得,在所述低聚多异氰酸酯的制备中,在实际的改性反应后在每种情况中接着进行至少一个进一步的方法步骤以分离出未转化的过量单体二异氰酸酯。该单体分离可以特别实用地通过本身已知的方法,优选通过高真空下的薄膜蒸馏或通过用对异氰酸酯基团呈惰性的合适溶剂,例如脂族或脂环族烃如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、环戊烷或环己烷萃取来进行。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的多异氰酸酯组合物A通过将单体二异氰酸酯改性并随后分离出未转化的单体而获得。
使用封闭的多异氰酸酯
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的多异氰酸酯的至少一部分被封闭。根据本发明,单体和低聚多异氰酸酯都可以以封闭形式存在。“封闭”是指多异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团已与其它化合物,即封闭剂反应,以使得封闭的异氰酸酯基团不再显示出游离异氰酸酯基团的典型反应性。仅加热封闭的异氰酸酯才导致裂解出封闭剂,并重新建立异氰酸酯基团的反应性。
优选是,使用至少一种选自内酰胺、肟、胺和酚的化合物作为封闭剂。更优选地,用至少一种内酰胺和/或肟进行封闭。优选的内酰胺选自δ-戊内酰胺、月桂内酰胺和ε-己内酰胺。特别优选的内酰胺是ε-己内酰胺。优选的肟选自2-丁酮肟、甲醛肟、苯乙酮肟、二乙基乙二肟、戊酮肟、己酮肟、环己酮肟和异羟肟酸。特别优选的肟是2-丁酮肟。优选的酚选自苯酚、2,3,5-三甲基苯酚、2,3,6-三甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三甲基苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚、对甲酚、2-叔-丁基苯酚和4-叔丁基苯酚。优选的胺选自二异丙胺、四甲基哌啶和N-甲基-叔丁胺、叔丁基苄胺、二正丁胺、丙酸3-叔丁基氨基甲基酯。
同样优选可以使用上述化合物中两种、三种或更多种的混合物作为封闭剂或混合用在每种情况下不同的封闭剂封闭的多异氰酸酯。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,存在于多异氰酸酯组合物A中的异氰酸酯基团的主要部分被封闭。特别优选地,存在于多异氰酸酯组合物A中的异氰酸酯基团的至少90重量%,甚至更优选至少95重量%,最优选98重量%被封闭。非常特别优选地,多异氰酸酯组合物A不含可检测的游离异氰酸酯基团。游离异氰酸酯基团可通过IR光谱法测定。在2700cm-1处观察到NCO谱带。
使用异氰酸酯封端预聚物
本发明的另一个实施方案设置了使用异氰酸酯封端预聚物作为低聚多异氰酸酯。这些预聚物是本领域技术人员已知的,并且可通过如上所述的过量的合适单体异氰酸酯与带有异氰酸酯反应性基团的合适化合物反应而获得。
在本发明的上下文中,异氰酸酯反应性基团应理解为是指胺、酰胺、氨基甲酸酯、醇、硫醇、环氧化物、羧酸、羧酸酐基团或含有泽列维季诺夫活性氢的基团。对于泽列维季诺夫活性氢的定义,参考Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart。异氰酸酯反应性基团优选被理解为是指OH、NH和/或SH。
具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物的实例是具有伯、仲和叔OH基团的一元、二元和多元醇、类似的硫醇,多元醇,例如聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚丙烯酸酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、类似的多元硫醇、含硫的羟基化合物、胺(例如伯、仲、脂族、脂环族、芳族、空间位阻)、多胺和天冬氨酸酯。
醇可以是例如低分子量二醇(例如1,2-乙二醇、1,3-或1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇)、三醇(例如丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷)和四醇(例如季戊四醇),以及更高分子量的多羟基化合物,例如聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚硅氧烷多元醇和聚丁二烯多元醇。
聚醚多元醇可以以本身已知的方式通过在碱催化下或使用双金属氰化物化合物(DMC化合物)使合适起始剂分子进行烷氧基化来获得。用于制备聚醚多元醇的合适起始剂分子是例如简单的低分子量多元醇、水、具有至少两个N-H键的有机多胺、或这种起始剂分子的任意混合物。用于通过烷氧基化,特别是根据DMC方法制备聚醚多元醇的优选起始剂分子特别是简单的多元醇,例如乙二醇、丙-1,3-二醇和丁-1,4-二醇、己-1,6-二醇、新戊二醇、2-乙基己烷-1,3-二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇以及这类多元醇与例如下文中所示类型的二羧酸的低分子量含羟基酯、或这种简单多元醇的低分子量乙氧基化或丙氧基化产物,或这种改性或未改性醇的任意混合物。适用于烷氧基化的环氧烷特别是环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷,它们可以以任意顺序或以混合物形式用于烷氧基化。
聚酯多元醇可以以已知的方式通过低分子量多元羧酸衍生物,例如琥珀酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氯邻苯二甲酸酐、内亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、戊二酸酐、马来酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、琥珀酸、二聚脂肪酸、三聚脂肪酸、邻苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、柠檬酸或偏苯三酸与低分子量多元醇,例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、新戊二醇、己二醇、丁二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、1,4-羟甲基环己烷、2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二醇、丁-1,2,4-三醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、聚乙二醇、二丙二醇、聚丙二醇、二丁二醇和聚丁二醇的缩聚;或通过环状羧酸酯如ε-己内酯的开环聚合来制备。此外,还可以将羟基羧酸衍生物,例如乳酸、肉桂酸或ω-羟基己酸缩聚以得到聚酯多元醇。但是,也可以使用油脂化学来源的聚酯多元醇。这种聚酯多元醇可以例如通过使含至少部分烯属不饱和脂肪酸的脂肪混合物的环氧化甘油三酯用一种或多种具有1至12个碳原子的醇完全开环和通过随后使甘油三酯衍生物进行部分酯交换以得到在烷基中具有1至12个碳原子的烷基酯多元醇来制备。
合适聚丙烯酸酯多元醇的制备本身是本领域技术人员已知的。它们通过具有羟基的烯属不饱和单体的自由基聚合或通过具有羟基的烯属不饱和单体与任选其它的烯属不饱和单体,例如丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、苯乙烯、丙烯酸、丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯腈的自由基共聚来获得。合适的具有羟基的烯属不饱和单体特别是丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、可通过在丙烯酸上加成环氧丙烷而获得的丙烯酸羟丙酯异构体混合物以及可通过在甲基丙烯酸上加成环氧丙烷而获得的甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯异构体混合物。合适的自由基引发剂是选自偶氮化合物,例如偶氮异丁腈(AIBN)或选自过氧化物,例如过氧化二叔丁基的那些。
胺可以是任意的单胺或多胺,例如甲胺、乙胺、正丙胺、异丙胺、异构丁胺、戊胺、己胺和辛胺、正十二基胺、正十四基胺、正十六基胺、正十八基胺、环己胺、异构甲基环己胺、氨基甲基环己烷、二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二异丙胺、二丁胺、二异丁胺、双(2-乙基己基)胺、N-甲基-和N-乙基环己胺、二环己胺、肼、乙二胺、1,2-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、2-甲基-五亚甲基二胺、1,6-二氨基己烷、2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二胺、1,2-二氨基环己烷、1-氨基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-氨基甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二胺、IPDA)、4,4'-二氨基二环己基甲烷、吡咯烷、哌啶、哌嗪、(3-氨基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、(3-氨基丙基)三乙氧基硅烷和(3-甲基氨基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷,氨基醇,例如2-氨基乙醇、2-甲基氨基乙醇、2-(二乙基氨基)乙醇、2-(二乙基氨基)乙醇、2-(二丁基氨基)乙醇、二乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、3-氨基-1-丙醇、3-二甲基氨基-1-丙醇、1-氨基-2-丙醇、1-二甲基氨基-2-丙醇、1-二乙基氨基-2-丙醇、双(2-羟丙基)胺、双(2-羟丙基)甲胺、2-(羟乙基)双(2-羟丙基)胺、三(2-羟丙基)胺、4-氨基-2-丁醇、2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-氨基-2-羟丙基-1,3-丙二醇和N-(2-羟乙基)哌啶,醚胺,例如2-甲氧基乙胺、3-甲氧基丙胺、2-(2-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇和1,4-双-(3-氨基丙氧基)丁烷,或在芳环上具有至少一个具有1至3个碳原子的烷基取代基的芳族二-和三胺,例如2,4-甲苯二胺、2,6-甲苯二胺、1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,4-二氨基苯、1,3-二乙基-2,4-二氨基苯、1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,6-二氨基苯、1,3,5-三乙基-2,6-二氨基苯、3,5,3',5'-四乙基-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、1-乙基-2,4-二氨基苯、1-乙基-2,6-二氨基苯、2,6-二乙基萘-1,5-二胺、4,4'-亚甲基双(2,6-二异丙基苯胺)。
还可以使用多胺,例如EP-B 0 403 921中已知的聚天冬氨酸衍生物,或其氨基以封闭形式存在的这类多胺,例如聚酮亚胺、聚醛亚胺或氧氮杂环戊烷。在水分的影响下,由这些封闭的氨基产生游离氨基,并且在氧氮杂环戊烷的情况下也产生游离羟基,该游离羟基可以与异氰酸酯基团反应以交联。
合适的氨基官能组分特别是聚天冬氨酸酯,其例如可通过EP-B 0 403 921的方法通过二胺与富马酸酯或马来酸酯的反应获得。
优选的氨基官能化合物是具有2至4个,优选2至3个,特别优选2个脂族键合的伯氨基和148至12200,优选148至8200,特别优选148至4000,非常特别优选148至2000 g/mol的数均分子量Mn的聚醚多胺。特别合适的硫醇是每分子具有至少两个硫醇基团的化合物。
优选的多元硫醇例如选自简单的烷硫醇,例如甲二硫醇、1,2-乙二硫醇、1,1-丙二硫醇、1,2-丙二硫醇、1,3-丙二硫醇、2,2-丙二硫醇、1,4-丁二硫醇、2,3-丁二硫醇、1,5-戊二硫醇、 1,6-己二硫醇、1,2,3-丙三醇、1,1-环己二硫醇、1,2-环己二硫醇、2,2-二甲基丙-1,3-二硫醇、3,4-二甲氧基丁-1,2-二硫醇或2-甲基环己-2,3-二硫醇,含硫醚基团的多元硫醇,例如2,4-二巯基甲基-1,5-二巯基-3-硫杂戊烷、4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、4,8-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、5,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、5,6-双-(巯基乙硫基)-1,10-二巯基-3,8-二硫杂癸烷、4,5-双(巯基乙硫基)-1,10-二巯基-3,8-二硫杂癸烷、四(巯基甲基)甲烷、1,1,3,3-四(巯基甲硫基)丙烷、1,1,5,5-四(巯基甲硫基)-3-硫杂戊烷、1,1,6,6-四(巯基甲硫基)-3,4-二硫杂己烷、2-巯基乙硫基-1,3-二巯基丙烷、2,3-双(巯基乙硫基)-1-巯基丙烷、2,2-双(巯基甲基)-1,3-二巯基丙烷、双(巯基甲基)硫醚、双(巯基甲基)二硫化物、双(巯基乙基)硫醚、二(巯基乙基)二硫化物、双(巯基丙基)硫醚、双(巯基丙基)二硫化物、双(巯基甲硫基)甲烷、三(巯基甲硫基)甲烷、双(巯基乙硫基)甲烷、三(巯基乙硫基)甲烷、双(巯基丙硫基)甲烷、1,2-双(巯基甲硫基)乙烷、1,2-双(巯基乙硫基)乙烷、2-(巯基乙硫基)乙烷、1,3-双(巯基甲硫基)丙烷、1,3-双(巯基丙硫基)丙烷、1,2,3-三(巯基甲硫基)丙烷、1,2,3-三(巯基乙硫基)丙烷、1,2,3-三(巯基丙硫基)丙烷、四(巯基甲硫基)甲烷、四(巯基乙硫基甲基)甲烷、四(巯基丙硫基甲基)甲烷、2,5-二巯基-1,4-二硫杂环己烷、2,5-双(巯基甲基)-1,4-二硫杂环己烷及其可如JP-A 07118263中所述获得的低聚物、1,5-双(巯基丙基)-1,4-二硫杂环己烷、1,5-双(2-巯基乙硫基甲基)-1,4-二硫杂环己烷、2-巯基甲基-6-巯基-1,4-二硫杂环庚烷、2,4,6-三巯基-1,3,5-三硫杂环己烷、2,4,6-三巯基甲基-1,3,5-三硫杂环己烷或2-(3-双(巯基甲基)-2-硫杂丙基)-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷,聚酯硫醇,例如乙二醇双(2-巯基乙酸酯)、乙二醇双(3-巯基丙酸酯)、二乙二醇(2-巯基乙酸酯)、二乙二醇(3-巯基丙酸酯)、2,3-二巯基-1-丙醇(3-巯基丙酸酯)、3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇双(2-巯基乙酸酯)、3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇双(3-巯基丙酸酯)、三羟甲基丙烷三(2-巯基乙酸酯)、三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、三羟甲基乙烷三(2-巯基乙酸酯)、三羟甲基乙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、季戊四醇四(2-巯基乙酸酯)、季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)、丙三醇三(2-巯基乙酸酯)、丙三醇三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、1,4-环己二醇双(2-巯基乙酸酯)、1,4-环己二醇双(3-巯基丙酸酯)、羟甲基硫醚双(2-巯基乙酸酯)、羟甲基硫醚双(3-巯基丙酸酯)、羟乙基硫醚(2-巯基乙酸酯)、羟乙基硫醚(3-巯基丙酸酯)、羟甲基二硫化物(2-巯基乙酸酯)、羟甲基二硫化物(3-巯基丙酸酯)、巯基乙酸(2-巯基乙基酯)或硫代二丙酸双(2-巯基乙基酯)和芳族硫代化合物,例如1,2-二巯基苯、1,3-二巯基苯、1,4-二巯基苯、1,2-双(巯基甲基)苯、1,4-双(巯基甲基)苯、1,2-双(巯基乙基)苯、1,4-双(巯基乙基)苯、1,2,3-三巯基苯、1,2,4-三巯基苯、1,3,5-三巯基苯、1,2,3-三(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,4-三(巯基甲基)苯、1,3,5-三(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,3-三(巯基乙基)苯、1,3,5-三(巯基乙基)苯、1,2,4-三(巯基乙基)苯、2,5-甲苯二硫醇、3,4-甲苯二硫醇、1,4-萘二硫醇、1,5-萘二硫醇、2,6-萘二硫醇、2,7-萘二硫醇、1,2,3,4-四巯基苯、1,2,3,5-四巯基苯、1,2,4,5-四巯基苯、1,2,3,4-四(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,3,5-四(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,4,5-四(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,3,4-四(巯基乙基)苯、1,2,3,5-四(巯基乙基)苯、1,2,4,5-四(巯基乙基)苯、2,2'-二巯基联苯或4,4'-二巯基联苯。这些多元硫醇可以单独使用或以与彼此的任意混合物的形式使用。
含硫的羟基化合物同样是合适的。这类化合物优选含有至少一个以硫基、硫醚基团、硫酯氨基甲酸酯基团、酯硫代氨基甲酸酯基团和/或聚硫酯硫代氨基甲酸酯基团形式的硫原子以及至少一个OH基团。
优选的含硫的羟基化合物可以选自简单的巯基醇,例如2-巯基乙醇、3-巯基丙醇、1,3-二巯基-2-丙醇、2,3-二巯基丙醇或二硫代赤藓糖醇,含硫醚结构的醇,例如二(2-羟基乙基)硫醚、1,2-双(2-羟基乙基巯基)乙烷、双(2-羟基乙基)二硫化物或1,4-二硫杂环己-2,5-二醇和如EP-A 1 640 394中所述类型的具有聚酯氨基甲酸酯、聚硫酯氨基甲酸酯、聚酯硫代氨基甲酸酯或聚硫酯氨基甲酸酯结构的含硫二醇。这类含硫的羟基化合物可以单独使用,或以与彼此的任意混合物的形式使用。
特别优选的含硫化合物是所述类型的聚醚硫醇和聚酯硫醇。非常特别优选的化合物可选自4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、1,1,3,3-四(巯基甲硫基)丙烷、5,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,8-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、三羟甲基丙烷三(2-巯基乙酸酯)、三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、季戊四醇四(2-巯基乙酸酯)和季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)。
同样适合作为具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物的是羧酸、羧酸酐和环氧化物。
异氰酸酯反应性组分同样可以包含具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的各种化合物的混合物。
多异氰酸酯组分A原则上可含有各种多异氰酸酯的任意混合物。这可以是已如上描述的低聚和单体多异氰酸酯的混合物。也可以是各种异氰酸酯封端预聚物的混合物。通过所有合适多异氰酸酯的自由组合,可以根据需要调节涂层的性能。
同样根据本发明,将异氰酸酯封端预聚物与单体或低聚多异氰酸酯混合。本发明的该实施方案具有以下优点,即可以使用单体和/或低聚多异氰酸酯以降低异氰酸酯封端预聚物的粘度。由于单体/低聚多异氰酸酯可以通过其异氰酸酯基团而彼此交联和与异氰酸酯封端预聚物交联,因此它们在方法步骤c)结束时结合在涂层中。因此它们充当反应性稀释剂。
芳族与脂族多异氰酸酯的比率
包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的单体和低聚多异氰酸酯的优选至少50重量%,更优选至少65重量%,还更优选至少80重量%,最优选至少90重量%含有具有脂族键合的异氰酸酯基团的异氰酸酯。非常特别优选的是多异氰酸酯组合物A仅包含具有脂族键合的异氰酸酯基团的那些作为多异氰酸酯。
交联催化剂 B1
用于本发明方法的合适催化剂B1原则上是加速异氰酸酯基团交联的所有化合物。根据本发明,这种交联通过形成至少一种选自脲二酮、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮、脲基甲酸酯、脲和异氰脲酸酯基团的结构进行。主要或仅形成这些结构中的哪种取决于所用的催化剂和反应条件。
在一个优选的实施方案中,由催化剂B1引起的“催化交联”导致存在于多异氰酸酯组合物A中的异氰酸酯基团的至少30%,优选至少50%,特别优选至少60%,特别是至少70%,非常特别优选至少80%主要环三聚以转化为异氰脲酸酯结构单元。然而,副反应,特别是得到脲二酮、脲基甲酸酯和/或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮结构的那些通常发生,并且甚至可以有针对性地利用以有利地影响例如所得聚异氰脲酸酯塑料的Tg值。
用于本发明方法的合适催化剂B1是例如简单的叔胺,例如三乙胺、三丁胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N-乙基哌啶或N,N'-二甲基哌嗪。合适的催化剂还包括GB 2 221 465中描述的叔羟烷基胺,例如三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、N-异丙基二乙醇胺和1-(2-羟基乙基)吡咯烷或由GB 2 222 161已知的由叔双环胺例如DBU与低分子量的简单脂族醇的混合物组成的催化剂体系。
同样适合作为用于本发明方法的交联催化剂B1的是一些不同的金属化合物。合适的是例如在DE-A 3 240 613中被描述为催化剂的锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锆、铈或铅的辛酸盐和环烷酸盐或其与锂、钠、钾、钙或钡的乙酸盐的混合物,由DE-A 3 219 608已知的具有最多10个碳原子的直链或支化烷基羧酸例如丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸和十一烷酸的钠盐和钾盐,由EP-A 0 100 129已知的具有2至20个碳原子的脂族、脂环族或芳族单-和多元羧酸的碱金属或碱土金属盐,例如苯甲酸钠或苯甲酸钾,由GB-A 1 391 066和GB-A 1 386 399已知的碱金属酚盐,例如苯酚钠或苯酚钾,由GB 809 809已知的碱金属和碱土金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、醇盐和酚盐,可烯醇化化合物的碱金属盐以及弱脂族或脂环族羧酸的金属盐,例如甲醇钠、乙酸钠、乙酸钾、乙酰乙酸钠、2-乙基己酸铅和环烷酸铅,由EP-A 0 056 158和EP-A 0 056 159已知的与冠醚或聚醚醇络合的碱性碱金属化合物,例如络合的羧酸钠或羧酸钾,由EP-A 0 033 581已知的吡咯烷酮-钾盐,由申请EP13196508.9已知的钛、锆和/或铪的单核或多核络合物,例如四正丁氧基锆、四-2-乙基己酸锆和四-2-乙基己醇锆,以及European Polymer Journal, 第16卷, 147-148 (1979)中描述的类型的锡化合物,例如二氯化二丁基锡、二氯化二苯基锡、三苯基氢氧化锡、乙酸三丁基锡、氧化三丁基锡、辛酸锡、二丁基(二甲氧基)锡烷和三丁基锡咪唑盐。
适用于本发明方法的其它交联催化剂B1是例如由DE-A 1 667 309、EP-A 0 013880和EP-A 0 047 452已知的季铵氢氧化物,例如四乙基铵氢氧化物、三甲基苄基铵氢氧化物、N,N-二甲基-N-十二烷基-N-(2-羟基乙基)铵氢氧化物、N-(2-羟基乙基)-N,N-二甲基-N-(2,2'-二羟基甲基丁基)铵氢氧化物和1-(2-羟基乙基)-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷氢氧化物(环氧乙烷和水与1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的单加合物),由EP-A 37 65或EP-A10 589已知的季羟基烷基铵氢氧化物,例如N,N,N-三甲基-N-(2-羟基乙基)铵氢氧化物,由DE-A 2631733、EP-A 0 671 426、EP-A 1 599 526和US 4,789,705已知的三烷基羟基烷基铵羧酸盐,例如N,N,N-三甲基-N-2-羟基丙基铵对-叔丁基苯甲酸盐和N,N,N-三甲基-N-2-羟基丙基铵2-乙基己酸盐,由EP-A 1 229 016已知的季苄基铵羧酸盐,例如N-苄基-N,N-二甲基-N-乙基铵特戊酸盐、N-苄基-N,N-二甲基-N-乙基铵2-乙基己酸盐、N-苄基-N,N,N-三丁基铵2-乙基己酸盐、N,N-二甲基-N-乙基-N-(4-甲氧基苄基)铵2-乙基己酸盐或N,N,N-三丁基-N-(4-甲氧基苄基)铵特戊酸盐,由WO 2005/087828已知的四取代的铵α-羟基羧酸盐,例如四甲基铵乳酸盐,由EP-A 0 339 396、EP-A 0 379 914和EP-A 0 443 167已知的季铵或鏻氟化物,例如具有C8-C10-烷基的N-甲基-N,N,N-三烷基铵氟化物、N,N,N,N-四正丁基铵氟化物、N,N,N-三甲基-N-苄基铵氟化物、四甲基鏻氟化物、四乙基鏻氟化物或四正丁基鏻氟化物,由EP-A 0 798 299、EP-A 0 896 009和EP-A 0 962 455已知的季铵和鏻多氟化物,例如苄基三甲基铵氢多氟化物,由EP-A 0 668 271已知并可通过叔胺与碳酸二烷基酯的反应获得的四烷基铵烷基碳酸盐,或甜菜碱结构化的季铵烷基羧酸盐,由WO 1999/023128已知的季铵碳酸氢盐,例如胆碱碳酸氢盐,由EP 0 102 482已知并且可由叔胺和含磷酸的起烷基化作用的酯获得的季铵盐,例如三乙胺、DABCO或N-甲基吗啉与甲膦酸二甲基酯的反应产物,或由WO2013/167404已知的内酰胺的四取代铵盐盐,例如三辛基铵己内酰胺或十二烷基三甲基铵己内酰胺盐。
适用于本发明方法的其它交联催化剂可以在例如J. H. Saunders and K. C.Frisch, Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology, 第94页及其后(1962)和其中引用的文献中找到。
催化剂B1既可以单独使用,也可以以与彼此的任意混合物的形式用于本发明的方法中。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,至少一种交联催化剂B1是选自醇盐、氨基化合物、酚盐、羧酸盐、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、氢氧化物、氰化物、异氰化物、硫氰化物、亚磺酸盐、亚硫酸盐、次膦酸盐、膦酸盐、磷酸盐或氟化物的呈碱性的盐。抗衡离子优选选自金属离子、铵、鏻和硫化合物。
特别优选是具有金属或铵离子作为抗衡离子的醇盐和羧酸盐。合适的羧酸盐是所有脂族或脂环族羧酸的阴离子,优选具有1至20个碳原子的单或多元羧酸的那些。合适的金属离子衍生自碱金属或碱土金属、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锆、铈、锡、钛、铪或铅。优选的碱金属是锂、钠和钾,特别优选钠和钾。优选的碱土金属是镁、钙、锶和钡。
非常特别优选单独使用乙酸钾作为交联催化剂B1或以与其它交联催化剂B1组合的形式使用。
当方法步骤c)应在室温下进行时,特别优选使用乙酸钾与辛酸锡和/或三丁基锡的组合作为交联催化剂B1。在该实施方案中,特别优选使用聚醚B2。
当如上在申请中定义的封闭的异氰酸酯包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中时,优选使用具有最多14个碳原子的直链或支化烷羧酸,例如丁酸、戊酸、己酸、2-乙基己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸和更高级同系物的已知钠盐和钾盐作为交联催化剂B1。在这种情况下,非常特别优选使用2-乙基己酸钾作为交联催化剂B1。
在特别是与可热活化的封闭的异氰酸酯相关的一个特别实施方案中,优选使用优选基于碱金属和碱土金属醇盐的高反应性催化剂。
聚醚B2
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,组合物B除了所述至少一种交联催化剂B1外还含有聚醚B2。特别优选的是所述催化剂含有金属离子。优选的聚醚B2选自冠醚、二乙二醇、聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇。在根据本发明的方法中,已发现特别实用的是使用聚乙二醇或冠醚,特别优选18-冠-6或15-冠-5作为聚醚B2。组合物B优选含有数均分子量为100至1000 g/mol,优选300 g/mol至500 g/mol,特别是350 g/mol至450 g/mol的聚乙二醇。非常特别优选的是组合物B含有如上定义的碱金属或碱土金属的碱性盐与聚醚的组合。
组合物B特别优选含有乙酸钾和18-冠-6。
催化剂溶剂B3
合适的催化剂溶剂B3是例如对异氰酸酯基团呈惰性的溶剂,例如己烷、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、二乙二醇二甲醚、二丙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇单甲基-或-单乙基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇乙基-和-丁基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、乙酸1-甲氧基丙-2-基酯、乙酸3-甲氧基-正丁基酯、丙二醇二乙酸酯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮,内酯,例如β-丙内酯、γ-丁内酯、ε-己内酯和ε-甲基己内酯以及溶剂,例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮和N-甲基己内酰胺、碳酸1,2-亚丙酯、二氯甲烷、二甲亚砜、磷酸三乙酯或这种溶剂的任意混合物。
然而,根据本发明还可以使用带有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团的催化剂溶剂B3。这类溶剂的实例是单-或多元的简单醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、正己醇、2-乙基-1-己醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、异构的丁二醇、2-乙基己-1,3-二醇或丙三醇;醚醇,例如1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、3-乙基-3-羟基甲基氧杂环丁烷、四氢糠醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇、二丙二醇或液体较高分子量聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、混合聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇及其单烷基醚;酯醇,例如乙二醇单乙酸酯、丙二醇单月桂酸酯、丙三醇单-和二乙酸酯、丙三醇单丁酸酯或2,2,4-三甲基戊-1,3-二醇单异丁酸酯;不饱和醇,例如烯丙醇、1,1-二甲基烯丙醇或油醇;芳脂族醇,例如苄基醇;N-单取代的酰胺,例如N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基乙酰胺、氰基乙酰胺或2-吡咯烷酮,或这种溶剂的任意混合物。
固化
多异氰酸酯组合物A的固化通过在存在的多异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团之间形成至少一种选自脲二酮、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮、噁二嗪三酮、脲基甲酸酯、脲和异氰脲酸酯基团的结构来进行。由此使存在于多异氰酸酯组合物A中的多异氰酸酯彼此交联并形成固体层。在形成脲基甲酸酯基团的情况下,催化交联通过异氰酸酯基团与存在于低聚多异氰酸酯中的氨基甲酸酯基团的反应来实现。在形成脲基团的情况下,交联通过异氰酸酯基团与存在于多异氰酸酯组合物A的异氰酸酯之一中的氨基的反应来实现。所述氨基优选在交联反应期间通过异氰酸酯基团与水(例如空气水分)的反应和随后消去二氧化碳来形成。
如果在多异氰酸酯组合物A或组合物B中存在羟基,也可以形成氨基甲酸酯基团。
该固化在足够高以使得包含在组合物B中的至少一种催化剂B1引起上述交联反应的温度下进行。最佳反应温度优选为10℃至300℃,更优选20℃至250℃,特别优选20℃至200℃。在得到聚异氰脲酸酯的整个固化过程期间,反应温度可以在所述范围内保持恒定,或者例如线性或逐步地经数小时增加至大于80℃,优选大于100℃,更优选大于130℃的温度。当在此提及“反应温度”时,这意味着表面上的环境温度。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,方法步骤c)中的固化分两个阶段进行。在方法步骤c1)中,反应温度优选为50℃至300℃,更优选60℃至250℃,特别优选80℃至200℃。在随后的方法步骤c2)中,固化在降低的温度下,优选在5℃至79℃,更优选10℃至59℃,特别优选15℃至40℃下进行。优选的是,在没有主动加热材料的情况下进行该第二步骤。进一步优选的是材料在标准空气湿度下开放式储存。在本文中,“标准空气湿度”优选是指1 g/m3至15 g/m3的绝对空气湿度。进一步优选的是方法步骤c1)在比方法步骤c2)更短的时间内进行。
以两阶段的方式进行固化的一个实施方案具有巨大的优点,即方法步骤c1)中的固化仅需要短时间,并且仅需要进行如此之久,直至经涂覆的表面不再发粘并且性能使得可以对工件进行进一步的加工或根据预期目的进行利用。然后在在进一步处理、储存或利用经涂覆的工件期间标准环境条件下进行方法步骤c2)而无需额外措施。对于形成脲基团所需的氨基的形成可以通过空气湿度对异氰酸酯基团的作用来实现。
优选进行方法步骤c1)如此之久,直至经涂覆的表面不再发粘。优选的情况是原始存在于多异氰酸酯组合物A中的异氰酸酯基团的至少30摩尔%,更优选至少50摩尔%,还更优选至少60摩尔%,非常特别优选70摩尔%,最优选至少80摩尔%已被消耗。特别优选的是,在方法步骤c1)结束时原始存在的异氰酸酯基团的至少90摩尔%已被消耗。
当使用封闭的异氰酸酯时,必须在方法步骤c)开始时达到导致消去所选封闭剂的温度。该温度为至少120℃,更优选至少150℃,最优选至少180℃。保持这些温度直至封闭剂从原始封闭的异氰酸酯基团的至少50摩尔%,更优选至少70摩尔%,还更优选至少90摩尔%,最优选至少95摩尔%中消去。
取决于所选交联催化剂B1和所选反应温度,交联反应在数秒至数小时的时间后通过多异氰酸酯组合物A的“完全固化”而基本上结束,这如下文所定义。实际上已经发现,在大于80℃的反应温度下,交联反应通常在小于12小时内基本上结束。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,在大于80℃的反应温度下,交联反应在小于12小时,特别优选小于5小时,非常特别优选小于1小时内结束。可以通过光谱方法,例如通过IR光谱法借助在约2270 cm-1下的异氰酸酯谱带强度来监测反应进程。当方法步骤c)在低于80℃的温度下完全或部分进行时,多异氰酸酯组合物A的完全固化也可能需要数天,优选最多14天。
可通过本发明方法获得的涂层优选是高度转化的聚合物,即在方法步骤c)结束时“完全固化”的聚合物。在本发明的上下文中,当原始存在于其中的游离异氰酸酯基团的至少70摩尔%,优选至少80摩尔%,特别优选至少90摩尔%已反应时,多异氰酸酯组合物A 被认为是“完全固化”。换句话说,原始包含在多异氰酸酯组合物A中的异氰酸酯基团的优选仅最大30摩尔%,更优选最大20摩尔%,特别优选最大10摩尔%仍存在于固化涂层中。
特别优选的是在固化涂层中存在原始存在于其中的游离异氰酸酯基团的仅5摩尔%。对应地,这意味着原始存在的游离异氰酸酯基团的至少95摩尔%转化。
仍存在的异氰酸酯基团的百分比可以通过比较原始多异氰酸酯组合物A中以重量%计的异氰酸酯基团含量与反应产物中以重量%计的异氰酸酯基团含量,例如通过上述借助IR光谱比较在约2270 cm-1下的异氰酸酯谱带强度来确定。作为内部参考,CH2和CH3振动用作NCO谱带的参考参数并与之建立关系。这既用于交联前的参考测量,也用于交联后的测量。
通过一部分上述催化剂B1,还可以在室温下固化多异氰酸酯组合物A,其中“室温”在此表示10℃和47℃的温度范围。在这种情况下,方法步骤c)在某些情况下必须经数天进行。
当用如上在本申请中描述的膦催化剂和在室温下进行本发明的方法时,在催化交联的过程中除了形成异氰脲酸酯基团外还形成脲二酮基团。优选是在该实施方案中将原始存在于多异氰酸酯组合物A中的异氰酸酯基团的至少30摩尔%,更优选至少40摩尔%,最优选至少60摩尔%转化为脲二酮和异氰脲酸酯基团。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及通过本发明方法涂覆的表面。
优点
当催化剂和异氰酸酯组分在施加前混合时,在混合时已经开始反应。这导致混合材料仅能在特定的时间(加工时间)内使用。如果由于反应而例如使粘度增加太严重,则不再能加工该材料。
分开施加催化剂和异氰酸酯组分具有决定性的优点,即仅在施加到基材上之后才开始反应。因此,如果组分被适当地储存,在此在施加前没有由于反应所致的粘度增加。含异氰酸酯的化合物的适当储存包括本领域技术人员熟知的安全措施,例如排除水、在<50℃的温度下储存在干燥和防水蒸气的容器中。
以下实施例仅用于说明本发明。它们不应限制权利要求的保护范围。
实施例
方法和所用材料:
通过配备有ATR单元的FT-IR光谱仪测定NCO值
使用具有铂ATR单元的来自Bruker公司的FT-IR光谱仪(Tensor II)测定NCO值。
在所有实验中,将组分施加到玻璃板上,然后进行温度程序。为了进行测量,将液体或薄膜从玻璃板上提起,然后在铂ATR单元上接触。为此,将薄膜以其顶面放在ATR单元的2 x 2mm尺寸的观察窗上并用压杵(Stempel)按压。对于液体样品,窗口用液滴润湿。
根据波数,IR辐射在测量期间渗透到样品中3-4μm。由样品获得吸收光谱。
为了补偿不同硬度样品的不均匀接触,对所有光谱既进行基线校正,也借助评估程序OPUS进行归一化。
所述归一化基于CH2和CH3谱带。为此,选择2600至3200的波数范围。该程序测定了该区域中的最高峰,并对整个光谱进行了缩放,以使得该最大峰值具有2的值。
为了测定NCO值,将波数范围为2170至2380的峰值(NCO峰)积分。
测定NCO基团的转化率
为了测定NCO基团的转化率,首先需要参考值。为此,首先在没有热处理和没有反应的情况下通过FTIR测量异氰酸酯组分。对于Desmodur®N3600,获得878的NCO值(参见实施例1)。通过将实验后测定的NCO值除以878、从1中减去所得值并随后将结果乘以100来获得百分比的转化率。例如在实施例2中测量到830的NCO值。这然后产生:
830/878 = 0.9453
1 – 0.9453 = 0.05467
0.05467 * 100% = 5.467
因此,实施例2中的四舍五入的转化率为5.5%。
液滴重量测定
借助数字印刷机(Dimatix DMP 2831,印刷头DMC-11610(16个喷嘴和10pl的标称液滴尺寸))施加多数施加材料。由于实际的液滴体积和因此液滴重量取决于许多参数,这在施加之前确定。为此,将300万个液滴印刷到先前称重的塑料碗中,并直接随后测定净重。对于专利实施例测定以下液滴重量:
异氰酸酯组分:6.81289 * 10-9 g/液滴
催化剂混合物:6.31944 * 10-9 g/液滴。
Desmodur® N3600
基于HDI的无溶剂聚异氰脲酸酯,其NCO含量为23.0±0.5%(根据M105-ISO11909)且在23℃下的粘度为1.200±300mPa·s(根据M014-ISO 3219 / A.3.)。
乙酸丁酯(BA)
乙酸丁酯98/100,来自Azelis, Antwerp。
BYK® 141和BYK® 331
添加剂,来自BYK Additives & Instruments, Wesel。
BYK 141是含硅酮的消泡剂,其用于含溶剂和无溶剂的漆料体系以及基于聚氨酯的冷固化塑料应用。
BYK 331是含硅酮的表面助剂,其用于含溶剂、无溶剂和水性漆料和印刷油墨并中等降低表面张力和中等增加表面光滑度。
异氰酸酯油墨
70重量份Desmodur®、30重量份丁酸乙酯、0.4重量份BYK®141和0.03重量份BYK®331。
乙酸钾
乙酸钾,纯度≥99%,来自Acros公司。
18-冠-6
18-冠-6,纯度≥99%,来自Sigma Aldrich公司。
二乙二醇
二乙二醇,纯度≥99%,来自Sigma Aldrich公司。
催化剂混合物
177重量份乙酸钾、475重量份18-冠-6和3115重量份二乙二醇。最初加入乙酸钾,然后首先加入冠醚和随后加入二乙二醇。溶解时间为2天,其中混合物在8小时的工作时间期间在每种情况下每小时手动摇动一次并静置过夜。
除非另有说明,否则原料无需进一步纯化或预处理即可使用。
实施:
借助数字印刷机(Dimatix DMP 2831,印刷头DMC-11610(16个喷嘴和10pl的标称液滴尺寸))将催化剂和异氰酸酯油墨相继地施加到预先冲洗和干燥的玻璃板上,以使得层叠置地沉积。通过调节不同的DPI来调节两种组分的比率。施加后,将经涂覆的玻璃板通风10分钟,随后在循环干燥箱中在180℃下固化10分钟。固化后,借助ATR-FT-IR仪器测定涂层表面的NCO值。
作为比较,将50μm具有可比拟的混合比的预混体系刮涂到玻璃板上。施加后,将经涂覆的玻璃板通风10分钟,随后在循环干燥箱中在180℃下固化10分钟,随后借助ATR-FT-IR仪器测定涂层表面的NCO值。
在研究不同的施加重量时,始终印刷与随后的异氰酸酯油墨层相同多的催化剂层。
在进一步的对比例中,仅施加异氰酸酯组分:
● 施加异氰酸酯组分后,将样品通风10分钟,然后在循环干燥箱中在180℃下热处理(temperiert)10分钟,随后测定表面的NCO值。
● 施加异氰酸酯油墨后,将样品通风10分钟,然后在循环干燥箱中在180℃下热处理10分钟,随后测定表面的NCO值。
结果:
当Desmodur® N3600仅经历温度程序时,则异氰酸酯基团的约5.5%转化(实施例2)。当多异氰酸酯首先用乙酸丁酯稀释至70%的固含量时,则在通风和热处理步骤时NCO基团的约9%转化(实施例3)。但是,在这两种情况下,产品都保持液体。仅当使用催化剂时(对比例4和5以及本发明实施例6至15)才获得无粘性薄膜。
从实施例中显而易见的是,可独立于施加顺序并且在直至即使100 g/m2的层厚度下的施加重量(固体)时也实现至少50%的转化率。
在室温下后固化会导致甚至剩余异氰酸酯基团的完全转化。
实施例4至6表明,无论催化剂是否预先引入、或者首先分开印刷该催化剂且仅随后才印刷异氰酸酯油墨,获得可比拟的结果。
实施例6至9证实,可能特别有利的是首先印刷催化剂并在第二步中印刷异氰酸酯油墨。
在实施例16至19中展示,也可以全表面施加一种组分并且仅局部施加另一组分并且随后洗去未固化的部分。实施例在此清楚地展示,当用第二层施加部分涂层(例如图像)时,图像清晰度总是明显更好。
Claims (14)
1.涂覆表面的方法,其包括下列步骤
a) 将多异氰酸酯组合物A施加到表面上;
b) 将含有至少一种交联催化剂B1的组合物B施加到同一表面上;并且
c) 通过多异氰酸酯组合物A的催化交联而使多异氰酸酯组合物A固化;
其中条件是,方法步骤a)和b)以任意顺序进行,或者同时但在方法步骤c)之前进行,其中方法步骤c)中的催化交联导致存在于多异氰酸酯组合物A中的异氰酸酯基团的至少30%转化成异氰脲酸酯结构单元。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中施加多异氰酸酯组合物A以使得由其形成的层具有最大150 g/m2的施加重量。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中多异氰酸酯组合物A含有≥50重量%的脂族多异氰酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中方法步骤a)或方法步骤b)进行至少两次。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中在所述进行至少两次的方法步骤的重复之间,在每种情况下的另一方法步骤进行至少一次。
6.根据权利要求4的方法,其中方法步骤a)进行至少两次,并且在至少两次重复中施加含有不同多异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯组合物A。
7.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中交联催化剂B1表现为碱性的。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中组合物B含有羧酸盐或醇盐。
9.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中多异氰酸酯组合物A含有封闭的多异氰酸酯。
10.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中多异氰酸酯组合物A仅施加到由组合物B覆盖的面的一部分上,或者组合物B仅施加到由多异氰酸酯组合物A覆盖的面的一部分上。
11.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中方法步骤c)中的固化在两个阶段中进行,其中条件是方法步骤c1)中的反应温度为60℃至300℃并且方法步骤c2)中的反应温度为10℃至59℃。
12.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中在方法步骤c)开始时存在于表面上的反应混合物中的游离和可逆封闭的异氰酸酯基团的总和与对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团的总和的比率至少为3:1。
13.通过根据权利要求1至12中任一项的方法涂覆的表面。
14.涂覆表面的方法,其包括下列步骤
a) 将多异氰酸酯组合物A施加到表面上;
b) 将含有至少一种交联催化剂B1的组合物B施加到同一表面上;并且
c) 通过多异氰酸酯组合物A的催化交联而使多异氰酸酯组合物A固化;
其中条件是,方法步骤a)和b)以任意顺序进行,或者同时但在方法步骤c)之前进行,
其中方法步骤c)完全在室温下进行,并且异氰酸酯基团的至少30%反应以得到异氰脲酸酯或脲二酮。
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BR112013033460A2 (pt) * | 2011-06-28 | 2017-03-14 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | formulação reativa para confeccionar um revestimento de poliuretano elastomérico pulverizável e processo para revestir uma superfície de um substrato |
EP2644270A1 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-02 | Huntsman International Llc | Polyisocyanate trimerization catalyst composition |
EP2847246B1 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2016-04-20 | Basf Se | Preparation of polyisocyanates having isocyanurate groups and their use |
EP2687551A1 (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-22 | Huntsman International Llc | Intermediate polyisocyanurate comprising materials |
EP2896639A1 (de) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-07-22 | BASF Coatings GmbH | Beschichtete metallisierte Oberflächen |
WO2016170058A1 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-27 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Process for producing polyisocyanurate plastics |
EP3085720A1 (de) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-26 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Hydrophil modifizierter polyisocyanuratkunststoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
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2017
- 2017-03-29 EP EP17163485.0A patent/EP3381962A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2018
- 2018-03-28 KR KR1020197028059A patent/KR20190129888A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-03-28 WO PCT/EP2018/057917 patent/WO2018178149A1/de unknown
- 2018-03-28 JP JP2019552954A patent/JP2020515386A/ja active Pending
- 2018-03-28 EP EP18713930.8A patent/EP3601405B1/de active Active
- 2018-03-28 CN CN201880020747.XA patent/CN110446737B/zh active Active
- 2018-03-28 US US16/498,551 patent/US20210102090A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US5573812A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1996-11-12 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Multi-layer coating composition incorporating migratory catalyst |
US5578346A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1996-11-26 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Multi-layer coating composition incorporating migratory catalyst |
US5578345A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1996-11-26 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Multi-layer coating composition incorporating migratory catalyst |
US5580610A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1996-12-03 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Multi-layer coating composition incorporating migratory catalyst |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN110446737A (zh) | 2019-11-12 |
EP3601405A1 (de) | 2020-02-05 |
WO2018178149A1 (de) | 2018-10-04 |
EP3601405B1 (de) | 2024-08-28 |
EP3381962A1 (de) | 2018-10-03 |
JP2020515386A (ja) | 2020-05-28 |
KR20190129888A (ko) | 2019-11-20 |
US20210102090A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
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