CN110417296B - Thermionic power generation experimental device with protective sleeve - Google Patents
Thermionic power generation experimental device with protective sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- CN110417296B CN110417296B CN201910663894.5A CN201910663894A CN110417296B CN 110417296 B CN110417296 B CN 110417296B CN 201910663894 A CN201910663894 A CN 201910663894A CN 110417296 B CN110417296 B CN 110417296B
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
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Abstract
The invention provides a thermionic power generation experimental device with a protective sleeve, which comprises an emitter assembly for emitting electrons, a receiver assembly arranged in alignment with the emitter assembly and used for receiving the electrons emitted by an emitter assembly, and an electrode connecting assembly arranged between the emitter assembly and the receiver assembly and forming a space for allowing the electrons to pass through, wherein the protective sleeve is arranged at the end part of the receiver assembly and used for preventing plasma between the emitter assembly and the receiver assembly from overflowing. According to the thermionic power generation experimental device, electrons emitted to the outer edge of the receiving end face of the receiving electrode assembly can be eliminated through the protective sleeve, so that only electrons at the center position where the emitting electrode and the receiving electrode are aligned are emitted into the receiving electrode, the overflow of plasma is prevented, the electrode edge effect of the thermionic power generation experimental device is favorably eliminated, the consistency of the characteristics of the emitting surface and the receiving surface is ensured, the strictly set dead-against area is provided, and the accuracy of data processing by adopting current density is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermionic power generation, in particular to a thermionic power generation experimental device for experimental research on characteristics of a thermionic power generation system.
Background
Thermionic power generation is a technology that converts thermal energy directly into electrical energy by means of thermionic emission. Through the combination with the concrete heat supply mode, the thermionic power generation can be applied to different occasions, and particularly, a thermionic reactor power supply which is made by combining with nuclear reactor fission energy has unique advantages in the field of space application and is verified in flight tests of Russian TOPAZ series space nuclear power supply systems. The experimental device for the thermionic power generation is necessary equipment for the development of the thermionic power generation technology.
The principle of thermionic power generation is to use refractory metals close to each other in parallel as an electrode pair, wherein an emitter is heated to 1500 ℃ or above to generate thermionic emission, and the side with lower temperature (500 ℃ -600 ℃) is used as an electron receiver. The transport of electrons through the gap before the electrodes creates transport resistance to subsequently emitted electrons. To avoid the effect of space charge effect, the normal method is to charge cesium vapor into the electrode gap, so that the cesium vapor is ionized into plasma, thereby reducing the transport barrier.
The heat ion power generation experimental device belongs to a precise thermoelectric vacuum device. The main factors affecting thermionic power generation include: changes in the electrode material and its temperature, the width of the electrode gap, and the pressure of the cesium vapor in the electrode gap all affect the current-voltage characteristics of the power plant. The basic function of the thermionic power generation experimental device is to realize the measurement of the volt-ampere characteristic curve under different electrode temperatures, electrode gap widths and cesium vapor pressures. In the prior art, the electrode structure of the experimental device for thermionic power generation can be divided into a flat plate electrode and a tubular electrode, wherein the experimental device for flat plate electrode is relatively convenient to manufacture and is generally used for experimental research of thermionic power generation.
According to the research on the literature data of the related art, the electrode system of the existing thermionic power generation experimental device has the problem of the edge effect of plasma, namely the problem of the overflow of the plasma, which is mainly because the curvature of the edge of an emitter is large, a local strengthening electric field is generated to promote schottky emission, so that the formation area of the plasma exceeds the range of the electrode facing area in the electrode gap, the measured value of the total current density is large, and in the data processing process, the measured value is larger than the actual value when the measured value is converted into the current density value, and thus, experimental errors are generated.
Therefore, there is a need in the art to provide a thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus that can overcome the problem of plasma overflow between the emitter and the receiver.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art and the related defects in the related existing equipment, the invention designs a set of comprehensive, innovative, precise and convenient thermal ion power generation experimental device with a flat plate type thermal ion conversion electrode system on the basis of meeting the basic requirements of thermal, electric and vacuum conditions of the thermal ion power generation device and comprehensively considering the solutions of the defects.
In order to solve at least one aspect of the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus having a protective sheath, including:
an emitter assembly for emitting electrons;
a collector electrode assembly disposed in alignment with the emitter electrode assembly and configured to receive electrons emitted by the emitter electrode assembly; and
an electrode connection assembly disposed between the emitter electrode assembly and the receiver electrode assembly and forming a space through which electrons pass,
wherein, the tip at the receiver subassembly is provided with the protective sheath, and the protective sheath is used for preventing the plasma excessive between emitter subassembly and the receiver subassembly.
The thermionic power generation experimental device can eliminate electrons emitted to the outer edge of the receiving end face of the receiving electrode assembly through the protective sleeve, so that only electrons at the center position where the emitting electrode and the receiving electrode are aligned are emitted into the receiving electrode, and therefore, the overflow of plasma is prevented.
According to a preferred embodiment of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus of the present invention, the receiver electrode assembly includes a receiver end unit and a fourth flange providing a seal for the receiver end unit, and the receiver end unit is hermetically and insulatively connected to the fourth flange.
In another preferred embodiment of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus according to the present invention, the receiving end unit includes a receiving end plate, a second support pipe for supporting the receiving end plate, and a support for supporting the second support pipe.
According to still another preferred embodiment of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus of the present invention, the protective sleeve is configured to match the receiver end plate.
In yet another preferred embodiment of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus according to the present invention, the receiving electrode end plate has an outer chamfer and the protective sleeve is provided with an inner chamfer that mates with the outer chamfer of the receiving electrode end plate.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the experimental apparatus for thermal ion power generation of the present invention, the protective sleeve is a cylindrical member sleeved on the end of the receiver electrode assembly, and the end face of the protective sleeve, which is matched with the receiver electrode end plate, is flush with the end plane of the receiver electrode end plate.
In another preferred embodiment of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus according to the present invention, the protective sleeve is fastened on the outer surface of the end of the receiver electrode assembly by a snap spring provided on the inner side thereof.
According to still another preferred embodiment of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus of the present invention, the protective sheath is made of a ceramic material.
In yet another preferred embodiment of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus according to the invention, a temperature control assembly is provided within the second support tube.
According to still another preferred embodiment of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus according to the present invention, the temperature control assembly includes a cooling jacket provided at the center of the second support pipe and an electric heating coil formed to be wound around the inner wall of the second support pipe.
The invention provides a system scheme for solving the defect in consideration of the problem of plasma overflow caused by electrode edge emission in the conventional thermal ion power generation experimental device, and is favorable for establishing a more accurate, precise and convenient experimental device. Specifically, according to the thermionic power generation experimental device with the protective sleeve, the ceramic protective sleeve sleeved at the end part of the receiving electrode assembly is designed, and the plasma region is confined in the facing area of the electrode, so that electron jet flow is generated only between the emitter and the receiving electrode which are aligned, and no electrons are received at the edge of the electrode, therefore, the plasma overflow phenomenon between the electrodes is avoided, and the power generation characteristic of the thermionic power generation experimental device is favorably researched.
Drawings
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings, and may assist in a comprehensive understanding of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus with a protective sheath according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus with a protective sleeve according to the present invention with the temperature controlled container removed.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an emitter assembly of a thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus having a protective sheath according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a receiver electrode assembly of a thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus having a protective sleeve in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of an electrode connection assembly of a thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus having a protective sleeve in accordance with the present invention.
It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale and are merely illustrative in nature and not intended to obscure the reader.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiment is one embodiment of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a perspective view and a partial cross-sectional view of a thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus 10 with a protective sheath according to the present invention are shown, respectively. The thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus 10 includes an emitter assembly 12 for emitting electrons, a receiver assembly 14 aligned with the emitter assembly 12 for receiving the electrons emitted by the emitter assembly 12, and an electrode connection assembly 16 disposed between the emitter assembly 12 and the receiver assembly 14 and forming a space through which the electrons pass. The respective constituent parts of the experimental apparatus for thermionic electric power generation 10 according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, referring to fig. 3, the emitter electrode assembly 12 of the thermionic electric power generation experimental device 10 with a protective sheath according to the present invention will be described. The emitter electrode assembly 12 includes a heater unit 122 and an emitter end unit 124, wherein the heater unit 122 is an electric heater unit including an electric heater 1222, a heater support 1224 for supporting the electric heater 1222, a first flange 1226 for providing support for the heater support 1224 and providing a negative power supply for the electric heater 1222, and a second flange assembly 1228 for providing a positive power supply for the electric heater 1222. The electric heater 1222 may be made of high temperature electric heating material, such as tungsten, but may also be made of other high temperature electric heating materials, which are not limited herein. The electric heater 1222 may be coupled to the heater supporter 1224 by welding, etc., and the heater supporter 1224 is fixedly coupled to the first flange 1226, which may be coupled thereto by welding. The first flange 1226 and the second flange assembly 1228 are connected in a sealing and insulating manner, for example, a spacer may be disposed between the first flange 1226 and the second flange assembly 1228, and the spacer may perform both a sealing function and an insulating function, and in addition, a sealing ring may be disposed between the first flange 1226 and the second flange assembly 1228 for improving the sealing performance therebetween. The first flange 1226 may be connected to a negative terminal of a power source for providing a negative terminal of the power source for the electric heater 1222, and the second flange assembly 1228 may be connected to a positive terminal of the power source for providing a positive terminal of the power source for the electric heater 1222.
The second flange assembly 1228 for providing a positive power supply to the electric heater 1222 includes a second flange 12282, a ceramic sleeve 12284 disposed within a central bore of the second flange 12282, and an electrode stem 12286 disposed within the ceramic sleeve 12284, the electrode stem 12286 being connectable to a positive power supply of an external power source to provide the positive power supply to the electric heater 1222 via the electrode stem 12286.
The emitter end unit 124 includes an emitter terminal plate 1242, a first support tube 1244 for supporting the emitter terminal plate 1242, a heat shield tube 1246 fitted around an outer circumference of the first support tube 1244, and a third flange 1248 for supporting the first support tube 1244 and the heat shield tube 1246. Emitter terminal plate 1242, which serves as an emitter of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus according to the present invention, emits electrons to a receiver, and is made of a metal material, such as tungsten. In addition, since the temperature of emitter terminal plate 1242 needs to be monitored, a monitor hole, here a through hole, for receiving an associated temperature detecting device is provided in emitter terminal plate 1242 for this purpose. The emitter terminal 1242 may be welded to an end of the first support tube 1244, for example, by electron beam welding, the first support tube 1244 may be made of molybdenum, and the electric heater 1222 may be disposed inside the first support tube 1244. Here, a suitable welding method may be selected according to the materials of the emitter terminal plate 1242 and the first support tube 1244, for example, for the emitter terminal plate 1242 made of tungsten and the first support tube 1244 made of molybdenum as described above, welding of tungsten and molybdenum is performed by using an electron beam welding method, where the welding process parameters are as follows: the current was 18.5mA and the welding time was 15 s.
The other end of the first support tube 1244 is fixedly connected to a third flange 1248, where the other end of the first support tube 1244 is connected to the third flange 1248 by welding. The heat shield tubes 1246 may also be made of molybdenum material, and they may also be welded to the third flange 1248. As shown in fig. 3, the end plane of heat shield 1246 is substantially flush with the outside surface of emitter endplate 1242 or the outside surface of emitter endplate 1242 protrudes slightly. The heat shield pipe 1246 may be provided in a double-layered structure including two heat shield pipes nested together, thereby providing more excellent heat insulating performance to the first support pipe 1244 and the electric heater 1222 therein.
Since the third flange 1248 is generally made of stainless steel (referred to herein as s.s.304 type stainless steel, the same applies hereinafter), in order to improve weldability between the first support tube 1244 and the heat shield tube 1246 and the third flange 1248, a kovar transition 1250 is provided at a position of the third flange 1248 where the first support tube 1244 and the heat shield tube 1246 are welded, the kovar transition 1250 may be adapted to be welded with various metallic or non-metallic materials, such as niobium-zirconium alloy, by using the heat shield transition 1250, the first support tube 1244 and the heat shield tube 1246 may be welded to the kovar transition 1250, respectively, and the kovar transition 1250 may be welded to the third flange 1248. In addition, to improve the sealing of the third flange 1248 on the side adjacent to the heat shield tube 1246, an annular groove can be provided on the side of the heat shield tube 1246, which receives a sealing ring, in order to provide a positive seal of this connecting surface when sealingly connecting with other components. A suction port 1252 may be further provided on a periphery of the third flange 1248, and an inside of the emitter electrode assembly 12 may be vacuumized through the suction port 1252, thereby allowing the electric heater 1222 and the like to operate in a vacuum state.
In order to ensure the sealing property of the interior of the emitter electrode assembly 12 and the insulating relationship between the heater unit 122 and the emitter end unit 124, that is, the insulating relationship between the first flange 1226 and the third flange 1248, it is necessary to make the insulating sealing connection between the heater unit 122 and the emitter end unit 124, that is, to establish the insulating sealing connection between the first flange 1226 and the third flange 1248. Here by a first cermet seal 126 (the cermet seal described herein may be kovar-Al)2O3Kovar, the same below) is welded to the first flange 1226 and the third flange 1248 to achieve an insulation and sealing connection of the heater unit 122 and the firing end unit 124. The first cermet seal 126 can be configured to include a first ceramic piece 1262 and first and second kovar parts 1264, 1266 disposed on either side of the first ceramic piece 1262, one side of the first kovar part 1264 being weldable to the third flange 1248 and the other side of the first kovar part 1264 being weldable to the first ceramic piece 1262, and correspondingly one side of the second kovar part 1266 being weldable to the first flange 1226 and the other side of the second kovar part 1266 being weldable to the first ceramic piece 1262, thereby forming a sealed interior space of the emitter assembly 12. The first and second kovar members 1264, 1266 may be a kovar alloy, such as niobium zirconium alloyA ceramic piece 1262 may be made of alumina material. By using the first cermet seal 126, not only can the first flange 1226 be in an insulating relationship with the third flange 1248, but also a sealing connection therebetween can be achieved by welding. Thereby, a sealed and insulated connection between the heater unit 122 and the emitter end unit 124 is achieved.
The welding between the first cermet seal 126 and the first and third flanges 1226 and 1248 may be performed by brazing. Further, in order to avoid thermal stress damage and gas leakage of the first ceramic member 1262 caused by step welding, the first cermet sealing member 126 and the first and third flanges 1226 and 1248 made of stainless steel at both sides thereof are welded by integral brazing, such as brazing between the first and second flanges 1226 and 1266, between the second and first ceramic members 1266 and 1262, between the first and first ceramic members 1262 and 1264, and between the first and third flanges 1264 and 1248, and as a whole, the heater unit 122 and the emitter unit 124 are also welded to the first cermet sealing member 126 at the same time, that is, 4 welding operations are performed at the same time, thereby greatly reducing thermal stress generated between the welded members during the welding operation, and preventing deformation of the members due to the thermal stress, thereby preventing the breakage of the weld. Here, Al is required to be applied in advance before vacuum brazing of the kovar member and the ceramic member2O3The ceramic piece produced was metallized and the brazing solder used AgCu 28. When the whole brazing of 4 welding seams is carried out simultaneously, the workpiece needs to be clamped and fixed, and the welding process parameters are as follows: the brazing temperature is 885 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15 min.
The electric heater 1222 is disposed in the first supporting tube 1244, the electric heater 1222 is connected to an external dc power source through the electrode stem 12286, the tungsten heating plate of the electric heater 1222 is raised to a high temperature of about 1000 ℃ by the dc power to generate thermionic emission, and a negative voltage is applied to the tungsten heating plate based on this to accelerate the bombardment of electrons onto the emitter terminal plate 1242, so as to obtain a desired emission temperature, and the electrons are emitted from the emitter terminal plate 1242.
The receiving electrode assembly 14 of the thermionic electric power generation experimental device 10 with a protective sleeve according to the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 4. The receptor pole assembly 14 includes a receptor end unit 142 and a fourth flange 144 that provides a seal for the receptor end unit 142. The receiving end unit 142 includes a receiving end plate 1422, a second support pipe 1424 for supporting the receiving end plate 1422, and a support 1426 for supporting the second support pipe 1424. The receiver terminal plate 1422 may have the same or similar structure as the emitter terminal plate 1242, and the receiver terminal plate 1422 serves as a receiver of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus 10 according to the present invention for receiving electrons from the emitter, and is made of a metal material, such as molybdenum. Since it is necessary to monitor the temperature of the receiver plate 1422, a monitoring hole for accommodating an associated temperature detection device, such as a through hole as shown in the figure, is provided inside the receiver plate 1422. The receiver plate 1422 may be welded, for example by electron beam welding, to the end of a second support tube 1424, the second support tube 1424 may also be made of molybdenum, and the other end of the second support tube 1424 is fixedly connected to a support 1426, where the support 1426 may be made of a kovar material, for example, niobium zirconium alloy. The second support tube 1424 may be made of molybdenum, and thus may be welded directly to the support member 1426. In the case where the receiver end plate 1422 and the second support tube 1424 are both made of molybdenum material, they may be integrally formed, such as by removing internal material in a cylindrical molybdenum material to form a blind hole to form the receiver end plate 1422 and the second support tube 1424.
Further, the fourth flange 144 is configured to provide a seal for the collector electrode assembly 14, and the fourth flange 144 is configured to seal tightly with the electrode connection assembly 14 when the collector electrode assembly 14 is connected to the electrode connection assembly 16. In order to ensure an insulating and sealing relationship between the support member 1426 and the fourth flange 144, i.e. to achieve an insulating and sealing connection between the fourth flange 144 and the receiving end unit 142, the support member 1426 and the fourth flange 144 need to be connected in an insulating and sealing manner, and the support member 1426 and the fourth flange 144 may be welded together by a second cermet sealing member 146. The second cermet seal 146 may be configured to include a second ceramic 1462 and third and fourth kovar members 1464, 1466 disposed on either side of the second ceramic 1462, one side of the third kovar member 1464 being welded to the support 1426 and the other side of the third kovar member 1464 being welded to the second ceramic 1462, and accordingly, one side of the fourth kovar member 1466 being welded to the fourth flange 144 and the other side of the fourth kovar member 1466 being welded to the second ceramic 1462, thereby forming an insulating and sealing connection between the support 1426 and the fourth flange 144 (i.e., between the fourth flange 144 and the receiver unit 142). The third and fourth kovar members 1464, 1466 may be made of a kovar alloy, such as niobium zirconium alloy, and the second ceramic 1462 may be made of an aluminum oxide material. By using the second cermet seal 146, a sealing connection with good insulation properties can be provided for the support 1426 and the fourth flange 144. Because the kovar alloy has good welding performance with metal and nonmetal materials, the kovar alloy can realize the fixed connection among different metals, between metal and nonmetal and between nonmetal and nonmetal through the kovar material.
The welding between the second cermet seal 146 and the support 1426 and the fourth flange 144 may be performed by vacuum brazing. Further, in order to avoid thermal stress damage of the second ceramic 1462 caused by step welding, the second cermet sealing 146 is welded to the support 1426 and the fourth flange 144 on both sides thereof by integral vacuum brazing, for example, brazing between the support 1426 and the third kovar component 1464 (i.e., between the receiving end unit 142 and the fourth flange 144), between the third kovar component 1464 and the second ceramic 1462, between the second ceramic 1462 and the fourth kovar component 1466, and between the fourth kovar component 1466 and the fourth flange 1466 are performed simultaneously, that is, 4 welding seams are performed simultaneously, so that thermal stress generated between the welding components during welding operation can be greatly reduced, component deformation due to the thermal stress can be prevented, and the welding seams and the related welding components can be prevented from cracking.
In order to control the temperature of the receiving pole plate 1422, a temperature control unit 148 is disposed in the second support pipe 1424, and the temperature control unit 148 includes a cooling jacket 1482 disposed at the center of the second support pipe 1424 and an electric heating coil 1484 wound around the inner wall of the second support pipe 1424, so that the cooling jacket 1482 can be opened to cool the second support pipe 1424 and the receiving pole plate 1422 when cooling is required, and the second support pipe 1424 and the receiving pole plate 1422 can be heated by the electric heating coil 1484 when heating is required, and in this case, dc heating can be performed. Cooling collar 1482 is a two-piece conduit that is placed in fluid communication with the end of receiver end plate 1422 to provide a coolant (which may be an inert gas, for example) circulation path for the inner and outer tubes, or a coolant circulation path for the outer and inner tubes. The cooling collar 1482 may be connected to an external coolant circulation system whereby coolant is circulated for good cooling.
To prevent plasma region overflow caused by the enhanced emission effect at the edge of the emitter, a protective sheath 1428 is disposed at the end of the receiver assembly 14, and the protective sheath 1428 is placed over the end of the receiver end plate 1422 and the second support tube 1424. The protective sleeve 1428 may be a cylindrical part made of ceramic material, which is sleeved on the end of the receiver-pole assembly 14, for example, made of alumina, and made into a cylinder, and the end face of the protective sleeve 1428, which is matched with the receiver-pole plate 1422, is flush with the end plane of the receiver-pole plate 1422. That is, the surfaces of the protective sheath 1428 and the receiver terminal plate 1422 facing the emitter terminal plate 1242 are in the same plane. The end of the cylindrical shroud 1428 that mates with the receptor end plate 1422 is formed with an internal chamfer (as shown in fig. 4) to mate with the receptor end plate 1422 having an external chamfer. Thus, electrons incident to the outer edge of the receiver terminal plate 1422 or the outside of the outer edge can be absorbed by the protective sheath 1428 without causing an overflow phenomenon of electrons. The protective sleeve 1428 may be fastened to the outer surface of the second support tube 1424 by means of a snap spring 1429 arranged on the inside thereof. The plasma formation region can be limited to the facing area of the electrode by the shield 1428, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the received current.
Fig. 5 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the electrode connection assembly 16 of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus 10 having a protective sleeve in accordance with the present invention. The electrode connection assembly 16 provides a connection space between the emitter assembly 12 and the receiver assembly 14 through which electrons emitted by the emitter assembly 12 pass and are received by the receiver assembly 14. The space through which electrons provided by the electrode connection assembly 16 pass is filled with cesium vapor, which ionizes the electrons passing therethrough into plasma, thereby reducing the potential barrier during electron transport. The electrode connection assembly 16 includes an emitter connection conduit 162, a receiver connection conduit 164, and a cesium-filled conduit 166, wherein the emitter connection conduit 162 and the receiver connection conduit 164 are coaxially arranged, i.e., the axis of the emitter connection conduit 162 and the axis of the receiver connection conduit 164 are aligned or coincident in the axial direction, such that an emitter endplate 1242 mounted within the emitter connection conduit 162 and a receiver endplate 1422 mounted within the receiver connection conduit 164 can be centrally aligned, such that electrons emitted from the emitter endplate 1242 can be transported as fully as possible to the receiver endplate 1422. In this case, the cesium-filled line 166 is advantageously arranged perpendicularly to the emitter connection line 162 and the receiver connection line 164, i.e., the three can be arranged in a "t" shape. A cesium-filled attachment flange 1662 may be provided on the cesium-filled conduit 166 for attachment to a conduit from a cesium can, thereby filling the cavity of the electrode connection assembly 16 with cesium from the cesium can.
Further, the emitter connection pipe 162 and the receiver connection pipe 164 each include a fixing flange, that is, the emitter connection pipe 162 includes a first fixing flange 1622, the receiver connection pipe 164 includes a second fixing flange 1642, the first fixing flange 1622 can be relatively fixedly connected with the third flange 1248 of the emitter assembly 12 and relatively sealed therebetween, and the second fixing flange 1642 can be relatively fixedly connected with the fourth flange 144 of the receiver assembly 14 and relatively sealed therebetween. An observation window 168 capable of observing the relative positional relationship between the emitter terminal plate 1242 and the receiver terminal plate 1422 is formed at the connection position between the emitter connection pipe 162 and the receiver connection pipe 164.
In order to alleviate the thermal stress of the experimental device for thermionic electric power generation 10 according to the present invention and to prevent the deformation of the members caused by the thermal stress, an elastic connection member, such as a bellows, may be provided on the emitter connection pipe 162 and/or the receiver connection pipe 164, and preferably, one elastic connection member may be provided on the emitter connection pipe 162 or the receiver connection pipe 164. In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the elastic connection member 170 is provided only on the receiver connection pipe 164, and since the elastic connection member 170 has scalability, it is possible to cope with deformation caused by thermal stress of the emitter electrode assembly 12, the receiver electrode assembly 14, and/or the electrode connection assembly 16.
In addition, a backup connection flange 1664 may be provided on the cesium-filled conduit 166, and the backup connection flange 1664 may be used to connect cesium tanks in situations where the cesium-filled connection flange 1662 is inconvenient to use. A spare inflation channel 172 may also be provided at the location where the emitter connection pipe 162 and the receiver connection pipe 164 are connected, and the chamber of the electrode connection assembly 16 may be inflated with another desired gas through the spare inflation channel 172.
As shown in fig. 2, the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus with a protective cover 10 according to the present invention further includes a spacing adjustment mechanism 18 for adjusting a distance between the emitter electrode assembly 12 and the receiver electrode assembly 14, the distance between the first fixing flange 1622 and the second fixing flange 1642 of the electrode connection assembly 16 may be adjusted by the spacing adjustment mechanism 18, and the spacing adjustment under a condition that good sealing is ensured may be achieved by the elastic connection member 170. The spacing adjustment mechanism 18 is designed to drive the first fixed flange 1622 or the second fixed flange 1642 to move, so as to change the distance between the emitter terminal plate 1242 and the receiver terminal plate 1422, thereby making it possible to study the relationship between the distance between the emitter terminal plate 1242 and the receiver terminal plate 1422 and the power generation characteristics of the thermionic power generation experimental apparatus 10.
Here, by adding the distance adjusting mechanism 18 for adjusting and measuring the distance between the emitter electrode assembly 12 and the receiver electrode assembly 14 to the thermionic electric power generation experimental device 10, the distance between the emitter electrode terminal plate 1242 and the receiver electrode terminal plate 1422 can be measured and adjusted, thereby changing the volt-ampere characteristics of the thermionic electric power generation experimental device 10, and based on this, experimental studies are performed on the correlation between the electrode distance and the electric power generation characteristics of the thermionic electric power generation experimental device.
The specific structure of the spacing adjustment mechanism 18 of the experimental device for thermal ion power generation 10 according to the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 2. The spacing adjustment mechanism 18 includes a drive plate 182 that is connected to the fourth flange 144 of the collector bar assembly 14 in a relatively fixed manner, a drive rod 184 that is connected to the drive plate 182 in a driving manner and drives the drive plate 182 in a movement manner, and a drive mechanism 186 that drives the drive rod 184 in a movement manner. The drive mechanism 186 can be a micrometer drive mechanism, i.e., can drive the movement of the drive link 184 while also being able to very accurately measure or control the distance moved by the drive link 184. Here, the drive mechanism 186 can be screwed to the drive rod 184, and the drive mechanism 186 can be axially fixed and can be rotated in the circumferential direction, so that when the drive mechanism 186 is rotated in the circumferential direction, the drive rod 184 is moved back and forth in the axial direction, so that the drive plate 182 is driven to move, and the drive plate 182 via the connecting rod 188 drives the fourth flange 144 to move, so that the receiver pole assembly 14 together with the one-sided part of the receiver pole connecting line 164 of the electrode connecting assembly 16, which is located away from the emitter pole assembly 12, is moved, so that the distance between the emitter pole assembly 12 and the receiver pole assembly 14 is changed. Of course, the driving mechanism 186 may be configured as a fixed structure, and the transmission rod 184, which is screwed with the driving mechanism 186, can rotate relative to the driving mechanism 186, and accordingly, the transmission rod 184 and the transmission plate 182 can rotate relative to each other, but they are fixed relative to each other in the axial direction, so that the axial movement of the driving rod 184 relative to the driving mechanism 186 when the driving rod is rotated can be transmitted to the transmission plate 182, and the transmission plate 182 drives the receiving pole assembly 12 to move through the connecting rod 188. Here, the spacing adjustment mechanism 18 may also be configured to drive components of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus 10 on the other side of the flexible connection component 170, such as the emitter connection conduit 162 of the emitter assembly 12 and the electrode connection assembly 16, thereby also adjusting the spacing between the emitter assembly 12 and the receiver assembly 14. Of course, flexible coupling member 170 may also be provided on emitter connection tube 162, while spacing adjustment mechanism 18 may also be provided to drive either emitter assembly 12 or receiver assembly 14.
The distance between the emitter terminal plate 1242 of the emitter electrode assembly 12 and the receiver terminal plate 1422 of the receiver electrode assembly 14 can be changed or set by the distance adjustment mechanism 18, thereby providing a basic guarantee for studying the relationship between the distance and the power generation characteristics of the thermionic power generation experimental apparatus 10.
In order to solve the problem of temperature control of the cesium vapor, the emitter electrode assembly 12, the receiver electrode assembly 14 and the electrode connecting assembly 16 are disposed in a temperature control container 20, and the temperature control container 20 is mainly used for controlling the temperature of the cesium vapor flowing out of the cesium can and located in the cavity of the cesium-filled pipe and the electrode connecting assembly 16, so as to ensure that the temperature of the cesium vapor in the cesium-filled pipe is higher than that in the cesium can. The influence of the pressure of the cesium vapor on the power generation performance of the experimental thermionic power generation apparatus 10 was examined by controlling the temperature in the cesium tank to control the pressure of the cesium vapor in the cavity of the electrode connection assembly 16. Heating pipes or heating coils can be arranged on the inner wall of the temperature control container 20, so that the whole thermionic power generation experimental device 10 is maintained in a vacuum environment at about 400 ℃, the design mode can replace the scheme that heating wires are wound on the periphery of all cesium-filled pipelines, and only the heating wires are arranged on the cesium-filled pipelines exposed outside the temperature control container 20, so that cesium cold spots are avoided.
The temperature-controlled container 20 may include a cylindrical housing 202 for accommodating the emitter electrode assembly 12, the receiver electrode assembly 14, and the electrode connection assembly 16 of the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus 10, and an end cap 204 for closing the cylindrical housing 202, wherein the cylindrical housing 202 and the end cap 204 may be respectively disposed on a base 206, and either one of the cylindrical housing 202 and the end cap 204 may be slidably disposed on the base 206, for example, may be slidably disposed on the base 206 through a sliding rail, so that the temperature-controlled container 20 may be opened to inspect and operate the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus 10 therein. Accordingly, operating or connecting components associated with the thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus 10, such as the viewing port 208 provided on the side wall of the cylindrical case 202 corresponding to the viewing window 168 of the electrode connecting assembly 16, and the external electrode flange 210 provided on the end wall of the cylindrical case 202 corresponding to the electrode stem 12286, may be provided outside the temperature-controlled container 20. Of course, ports or interfaces for connecting or operating the thermionic electric power generation experimental device 10 with the outside may be provided on the cylindrical housing 202 and the end cover 204, and may be arranged according to actual requirements.
The thermionic electric power generation experimental device 10 has the characteristic of modular design, mainly comprises three modules, namely an emitter electrode assembly, a receiver electrode assembly and an electrode connecting assembly, and has the advantage of facilitating the maintenance and replacement of each module. The electrode connecting component can be used as a relatively fixed module, and when electrode materials need to be replaced, the emitter component or the receiver component can be replaced integrally and quickly. For example, when a certain module is damaged or destroyed in the operation process, the damaged module can be independently disassembled so as to be repaired or replaced, and the module without problems can be kept in the original state and can be continuously used, so that the maintenance process of the equipment is accelerated, and the maintenance period is shortened.
According to the thermionic power generation experimental device, the metal ceramic sealing piece and the metal parts on the two sides are integrally brazed, so that the problem that the ceramic is damaged and cracked due to thermal stress in the welding process and the subsequent use process is solved, and the metal ceramic sealing piece is ensured to have better insulation and sealing performance and longer service life. A ceramic protective sleeve is designed to be sleeved on the end of the receiver assembly, so that the plasma region can be confined in the facing area of the electrode, and the plasma is prevented from overflowing. The invention also drives the emitter electrode assembly and the receiver electrode assembly to move relatively through the driving mechanism and the transmission rod, so as to adjust the distance between the emitter electrode assembly and the receiver electrode assembly, further measures the distance between the electrodes through the micrometer driving mechanism with a micrometer, and realizes the sealing of the inner cavity of the electrode connecting assembly while adjusting the distance through an elastic connecting piece, such as a corrugated pipe, thereby researching the relation between the distance and the power generation characteristic of the thermionic power generation experimental device through the distance adjusting mechanism. The invention further designs a temperature control container for accommodating the emitter component, the receiver component and the electrode connecting component of the thermal ion power generation experimental device, and the temperature control container is heated to realize the temperature control of cesium vapor, so that heating wires do not need to be arranged on the peripheries of all cesium charging pipelines (only the heating wires need to be arranged on the cesium charging pipelines exposed to the outside of the temperature control container), and the control of cesium temperature and cesium pressure is more accurate.
It should also be noted that, in the case of the embodiments of the present invention, features of the embodiments and examples may be combined with each other to obtain a new embodiment without conflict.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present invention is subject to the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus with a protective sleeve comprises:
an emitter assembly for emitting electrons, the emitter assembly comprising an emitter endplate;
a collector assembly for receiving electrons emitted by the emitter assembly, the collector assembly including a collector endplate, the collector being disposed in alignment with the emitter assembly such that the emitter endplate is centrally aligned with the collector endplate; and
an electrode connection assembly disposed between the emitter electrode assembly and the receiver electrode assembly and forming a space through which the electrons pass,
the plasma discharge lamp is characterized in that a protective sleeve is arranged at the end part of the receiving electrode assembly and used for preventing plasma between the emitting electrode assembly and the receiving electrode assembly from overflowing, the protective sleeve is a cylindrical component sleeved at the end part of the receiving electrode assembly, and the protective sleeve is made of ceramic materials.
2. A thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the receiver assembly includes a receiver unit and a fourth flange providing a seal for the receiver unit, the receiver unit being hermetically and insulatively connected to the fourth flange.
3. The thermionic electric power generation experimental apparatus of claim 2, wherein the receiving end unit comprises a receiving end plate, a second support pipe for supporting the receiving end plate, and a support for supporting the second support pipe.
4. The thermionic power generation experimental device of claim 3, wherein the protective sleeve is configured to mate with the receiver end plate.
5. The thermionic electric power generation experiment device of claim 4, wherein the receiver end plate has an outer chamfer and the protective sleeve is provided with an inner chamfer that mates with the outer chamfer of the receiver end plate.
6. A thermionic electric power generation experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein an end face of the protective sleeve that mates with the collector end plate is flush with an end plane of the collector end plate.
7. The thermionic electric power generation experimental device of claim 6, wherein the protective sleeve is fastened to the outer surface of the end of the receiver assembly by a clamp spring disposed inside the protective sleeve.
8. A thermionic power generation experimental apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a temperature control assembly is provided within the second support tube.
9. The thermionic electric power generation experimental device according to claim 8, wherein the temperature control assembly comprises a cooling jacket disposed at the center of the second support pipe and an electric heating coil formed to be wound around an inner wall of the second support pipe.
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