CN110345906A - The real-time level measurement method and measuring device of tunnel arch top settlement - Google Patents
The real-time level measurement method and measuring device of tunnel arch top settlement Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of " the real-time level measurement method and measuring device of tunnel arch top settlement ", technical field belongs to tunnel monitoring measurement technical field, in particular to a kind of method and instrument and equipment for tunnel arch top settlement level measurement.System is mainly by settlement measurement unit, and altitude datum unit, liquid storage device, adopts control station and accessory (fluid-through tube, connection cables, reflector etc.) and TT&C software forms.Its measurement method specifically includes that convert by function measures the sinking for obtaining vault indirectly, being imported by altitude datum combines static leveling system to obtain the absolute altitude value of each section vault measuring point, by the automatic technology for eliminating of the difference of error complete in liquid storage device liquid level changes because of leakage or other factors when, when sedimentation or deformation occur for tunnel inner wall, when the error that the generation of certain section measuring point is damaged when needing to rebuild measuring point is eliminated automatically.The present invention realizes high-precision, non-contact, one-stop automation real-time online measuring.
Description
Technical field
It is the invention belongs to tunnel monitoring measurement technical field, in particular to a kind of for tunnel arch top settlement level measurement
Method and instrument and equipment.
Background technique
In constructing tunnel, need dynamic to country rock, earth's surface, the deformation of supporting construction and stable state and surrounding enviroment
State carries out regular observation and measurement.To ensure the long-time stability of construction safety and structure, effective guiding construction avoids ground
The generation of matter disaster and construction accident, accumulation metric data provide foundation for informationization designing and construction.Railway tunnel monitoring parameter
Survey technology regulation (Q/CR 9218-2015) 4.1.4 item regulation: monitoring measurement work should carry out in time with working procedure, measuring point
It should bury in time, read primary data after supporting in 2 hours, and monitoring project and content should be adjusted in time according to field condition.
Meanwhile the technical regulation also clear stipulaties one of the required test item of the vault sinking formula monitoring measurement in tunnel, in practice of construction
In measurement, technical staff obtains the opposite sinking of measuring point by monitoring the absolute altitude variation of tunnel vault measuring point.
Current vault level measurement mode, contact measurement method mostly uses greatly precision level and indium steel hangs ruler, non-
Contact type measurement, generallys use total station progress, and the data of measurement report work tube hub daily.All in all, existing measuring instrument
Device equipment and measurement method are difficult to solve the problems, such as following:
First is that in-site measurement needs the operation or installation process of very complicated, time-consuming and laborious, measurement timeliness is poor, not yet
Accomplish real-time online measuring, especially to excavate the shortage of data at initial stage more serious which results in monitoring data；
Second is that measurement model setting is fairly simple, without the displacement state and practice of construction operating condition of detailed analysis tunnel itself complexity
Etc. factors qualifications；
Third is that the overall work amount of measurement is big, for each measuring point, it usually needs a week or longer time are persistently monitored, it is right
In some strong heights, continues to monitor and seeking time is wanted to be even more than the several months；
Fourth is that the contingency and randomness because of manual operation and installation process are more, easily there is human error, it is difficult to meet regulation
In measurement accuracy requirement；
Fifth is that measurement interfered with each other with construction, influence both sides' job schedule, especially spray anchor, slag tap or oversize vehicle discrepancy etc.
In the case of measure, or even can directly to monitoring survey crew work belt carry out insecurity factor.
Therefore, the research of the measurement method of constructing tunnel monitoring measurement and measuring instrument equipment is still to need very much,
The some novel monitorings occurred at present measure means and instrument and equipment such as: Chinese Patent Application No. CN201621260511.8 is disclosed
A kind of utility model patent of tunnel arch top settlement measurement, the invention is using infrared distance measuring device and data collector to vault
Opposite to sink to measuring, which needs range unit to be embedded in the midpoint of tunnel cross section straight flange, this serious influence
The progress of normal construction, in addition the system can not measure the absolute altitude of vault measuring point；Chinese Patent Application No.
CN201510626712.9 discloses a kind of patent of invention for improving Opposite side survey tunnel arch top settlement precision, and the invention is using complete
Instrument opposite side of standing measures method, actual conditions is measured based on live tunnel arch top settlement, by selecting reasonable backsight point and total station
Installation position improves measurement accuracy, and the program is still based on total station survey mode, and it is cumbersome still to solve aforementioned operation
The problems such as complexity, measurement timeliness are poor and interfere with each other with construction；Chinese Patent Application No. CN201310259298.3 is public
Opened the measuring device and measuring method of a kind of tunnel convergence displacement and Vault settlement, the invention be based on 2 laser range finders and
Complicated geometric transformation formula, measures vault sinking and clearance convergence, and the measurement model of the program is limited to measurement and sets
The alignment device (datum mark) at standby place be in measurement process it is static, level measurement is required every time using precision
Level cooperation carries out, and the program is asked still without the measurement and real-time level measurement solved the problems, such as under alignment device situation of movement
Topic.In conclusion there is presently no effective systemic solution, instrument and equipment and corresponding patents of invention to go out
It is existing.
Summary of the invention
It is the problems of above-mentioned the invention aims to solve, it provides a kind of better than the measurement of current tunnel vault sinking
Measurement new approaches, the technical solution of realization and the corresponding instrument and equipment of mode, to facilitate technical staff it is accurate, in real time,
The in-site measurement work of constructing tunnel is efficiently carried out, to achieve the above object, the present invention provides following contents.
(1) method of the real-time level measurement of vault sinking
The principle of the measurement method such as attached drawing 1(level measurement schematic diagram) shown in, 1 is Vault settlement tested point, enables the tested point
Absolute altitude value be denoted as Hbg；2 be plane where tested point；6 be plane where datum mark；7 be the datum mark being introduced into tunnel,
Its absolute altitude value is it is known that being denoted as hjz；Equipment T1 and T2 are installed on tunnel inner wall, and plane where equipment T3 is located at datum mark then has:
Hbg=H+hjz... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (1)
Wherein, H is the difference in height between 2 and 6.
Again as shown in Fig. 1, H can be indicated are as follows:
H=h1-h2+h3... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (2)
Wherein, h1 is that (height difference can be by equipment T3 for the difference in height of plane where plane where equipment T1 and equipment T3
It measures)；H2 is that (height difference can be by equipment T2 for the difference in height of plane where plane where equipment T1 and equipment T2
It measures)；H3 is the difference in height (letter that the difference in height passes through survey line that plane and vault measuring point where equipment T2 set place plane
Transformation of variables is got).
Therefore, it can be obtained by formula (1) (2):
Hbg=h1-h2+h3+ hjz... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (3)
Again as shown in Fig. 1,3 be laser survey line, and measurement distance value is denoted as R, and 8 be the elevation angle theta of laser survey line, then h3 can be with table
It is shown as:
H3=R*sin θ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .(4)
Therefore, the absolute altitude value H of tested pointbgIt can indicate are as follows:
Hbg= h1-h2+ R*sinθ+ hjz... ... ... ... ... ... (5)
(2) implement the measuring device of the measurement method
Obviously, it should be understood that following measuring device is only to realize the one of which of real-time level measurement method of the present invention
Embodiment, therefore it is not construed as the restriction to range.
Measuring device includes: settlement measurement unit (equipment T2 in such as attached drawing 1), altitude datum unit (equipment in such as attached drawing 1
T3), liquid storage device (equipment T1 in such as attached drawing 1), adopts control station and accessory (fluid-through tube, connection cables, reflector etc.) and observing and controlling is soft
Part.
Further, settlement measurement unit is mainly by laser transmitting-receiving measurement module, obliquity sensor, hydrostatic level, tune
The compositions such as locking device, fast plug, adjustable foot prop are saved, wherein laser transmitting-receiving measurement module is to complete distance value R's
Measurement, measurement of the hydrostatic level to complete height difference h2, obliquity sensor is installed on laser measurement inside modules, and swashs
Raster line keeping parallelism, the elevation value θ to complete laser survey line are measured, and regulation locking device is to complete laser transmitting-receiving measurement
The fine tuning of module aims at and locking, and fast plug quickly connects fluid-through tube and power supply, signal cable to staff scene,
Adjustable foot prop is finely tuned to the horizontality of device.
Further altitude datum unit mainly by hydrostatic level, fixing device for installing and fast plug composition, is used
To complete the importing and calibration of the measurement and this measuring system of height difference h1 to the datum mark introduced in tunnel, from
And complete the real-time measurement of vault measuring point absolute altitude value.
Further, liquid storage device and the hydrostatic level in altitude datum unit, the static level in settlement measurement unit
Instrument constitutes static leveling system.
Further, control station is adopted by data acquisition module, signal processing module, data memory module, selftest module, wireless
The compositions such as transceiver module, power module, aobvious control screen, operation panel, wherein data acquisition module completes the data of all the sensors
Collecting work, the function such as radio receiving transmitting module completes the communication for adopting control station and host computer by modes such as WiFi/GPRS, data upload
Can, the function such as power module is that entire measuring system is powered, and display screen and operation panel are checked, are arranged completing measuring state
Energy.
Further, TT&C software is mounted on central server, can be long-range by software in desktop computer terminal or mobile phone
Complete the operations such as all measurements, data summarization, graph generation and display control.
Further, which can be extended to multiple section vault sinkings while carry out real-time online measuring, only need
Increase settlement measurement unit, does not need the artificial survey that technical staff carries out datum mark to increased each section
Amount and importing.
(3) the function conversion measuring principle of vault sinking value
The measuring principle of vault sinking is as shown in Fig. 2, can obtain it relative to vault measuring point by T2 settlement measurement unit
Real-time range, without loss of generality, if it is R that the initial position of vault, which is respective distances between b, with measuring device, under vault
Position after heavy is b、, corresponding distance is R、, the elevation angle of laser survey line is θ, then there is following geometrical relationship:
sinθ= (b、-b) / (R-R、) ... ... ... ... (6)
So the value b of vault sinking、- b can be indicated are as follows:
b、-b =(R-R、) * sin θ ... ... ... ... ... (7)
If at this time plane where settlement measurement unit also settled or other reasons caused by height change, from initial
Position a sinks to position a、, enable vault sinking value be denoted as Δ GD, then can indicate are as follows:
ΔGD=[(R-R、)*sinθ]-(a、- a) ... ... (8)
Wherein, the changing value (a of level where settlement measurement unit、- a) it can be measured by the hydrostatic level in device
It obtains.
(4) difference of error eliminates principle automatically
As shown in attached drawing 1 and attached drawing 4, when in liquid storage device liquid level because leakage or other factors change when；When tunnel inner wall is sent out
When raw sedimentation or deformation；When certain section measuring point occur damage need to rebuild measuring point when or some other extraneous factor, all can
Error is brought to measuring system, so that correct absolute altitude value H can not be obtainedbg, the error difference under above situation is now analyzed one by one
It is automatic to eliminate principle.
(a) when liquid level changes in T1 liquid storage device
Note liquid level knots modification is Δ YW, by the basic principle of static leveling system it is found that the survey of hydrostatic level T1 and T2
Magnitude h1And h2Become h1= h1+ Δ YW, h2= h2+ Δ YW, then formula (3) absolute altitude value HbgIt can indicate are as follows:
Hbg=(h1+ Δ YW)-(h2+ Δ YW)+h3+ hjz= h1-h2+h3+ hjz... ... ... (9)
Obviously, absolute altitude value HbgIt is unaffected.
(b) when sedimentation or deformation occur for tunnel inner wall
Without loss of generality, if inner wall sedimentation value is denoted as Δ CJ, the sedimentation is so that T1 liquid storage device position declines Δ CJ, while making T2
Settlement measurement unit declines Δ CJ.By analysis in aforementioned (a) it is found that the decline of T1 liquid storage device will not cause absolute altitude value HbgChange.
T2 settlement measurement unit declines so that measured value h2And h3Become h2= h2+ Δ CJ, h3= h3+ Δ CJ, then formula (3) absolute altitude value Hbg
It can indicate are as follows:
Hbg=h1(h2+ Δ CJ)+(h3+ Δ CJ)+hjz= h1-h2+h3+ hjz... ... ... ... (10)
Obviously, absolute altitude value HbgIt is unaffected.
(c) when damage, which occurs, for certain section measuring point needs to rebuild measuring point
If certain section measuring point occurs damage and rebuilds new measuring point, need T2 settlement measurement unit to move on to reconstruction measuring point,
If installation site is changed with original position height, it is clear that the case where this variation is suitable for described in aforementioned (b).
In conclusion measuring system provided by the invention is comprehensive to use phase-shift laser rangefinder submillimeter measuring technique, software
Change the technologies such as observing and controlling, measure the sinking for obtaining vault measuring point indirectly by function conversion, it is quiet to import combination by altitude datum
Power leveling systems obtain the absolute altitude value of each section vault measuring point, eliminate height automatically from technology for eliminating by difference
Error realizes high-precision, non-contact, one-stop automation real-time online measuring.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is level measurement schematic diagram, wherein T1It is liquid storage device, T2It is settlement measurement unit, T3It is altitude datum list
Member, 1 is Vault settlement tested point, and 2 be plane where tested point, and 3 be laser survey line, and 4 be plane where settlement measurement unit, 5
It is plane where liquid storage device, 6 be plane where datum mark, and 7 be the datum mark being introduced into tunnel, and 8 be the laser survey line elevation angle.
Fig. 2 is vault sinking measuring principle figure, wherein 1 is settlement measurement unit, 2 be laser survey line, at the beginning of 3 are tunnel vault
Beginning position, 4 be the position after tunnel arch top settlement, and 5 be the initial position of plane where settlement measurement unit, and 6 be settlement measurement
Position after sea level changes where unit, 7 be the elevation angle of laser survey line.
Fig. 3 is settlement measurement cellular construction figure, wherein 3.1 be pedestal, 3.2 be laser transmitting-receiving module, and 3.3 be static level
Instrument, 3.4 be fast plug, and 3.5 be adjustable foot prop, and 3.6 be regulation locking device.
Fig. 4 is multibreak face measuring principle figure simultaneously, wherein T1It is liquid storage device, T2It is settlement measurement unit, T3It is benchmark height
Unit is spent, 1 is Vault settlement tested point, and 2 be plane where tested point, and 3 be laser survey line, and 4 be that settlement measurement unit place is flat
Face, 5 be plane where liquid storage device, and 6 be plane where datum mark, and 7 be the datum mark being introduced into tunnel.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
As shown in attached drawing 1, attached drawing 4, in installation liquid storage device, the settlement measurement list that tunnel inner wall successively consolidates from top to down
Member, altitude datum unit, it is ensured that liquid storage device is higher than rear the two, and settlement measurement unit is higher than the latter, by manual measurement altitude datum
Unit and the difference in height being introduced between the datum mark in tunnel are denoted as h0, or altitude datum unit are directly positioned on base
On on schedule, it is clear that h0 is zero at this time.
Reflector is installed in tunnel vault point position, first adjusts the adjustable foot prop below settlement measurement unit base
(3.5 in such as attached drawing 3) observe the horizontality on pedestal simultaneously and show bubble, complete the WidFin of measuring device, then
The laser transmitting-receiving module (3.2 in such as attached drawing 3) of measuring device is adjusted, so that anti-on measurement laser directive tunnel vault measuring point
Tabula rasa, it is then fixed locked by regulation locking device (3.6 in such as attached drawing 3), liquid storage is connected with cable with dedicated fluid-through tube
Quick plug on device, altitude datum unit and settlement measurement unit pedestal.
If it is intended to multiple sections while monitoring measurement, then successively install settlement measurement list in the measuring point of each tunnel inner wall
Member, the height of installation may not necessarily strict conformance, as shown in Fig. 4, and reflector is installed in corresponding each vault measuring point, and
Aforementioned basic altimetric cell, liquid storage device constitute a measurement group, each laser transmitting-receiving module are adjusted, so that each measurement laser
It all beats to corresponding reflector, and connects the quick plug of all settlement measurement units with dedicated fluid-through tube with cable.Receive survey
After amount instruction, the measured value of hydrostatic level, the elevation value of laser transmitting-receiving module, Laser Measuring in each measuring point settlement measurement unit
The parameters such as hydrostatic level measured value, which are sent to, in the altitude datum unit of the distance measure of line and the measurement group adopts control station
Data acquisition module, adopt control station after collected all data processings preservation and center is uploaded to by radio receiving transmitting module
Server, then be distributed in desktop computer terminal or mobile phone by central server.Measurement staff can directly operate at the scene
Control station is adopted, observing and controlling instruction can also be sent at any time by desktop computer terminal or mobile phone, measurement data is checked, change measure setup,
To realize the long-term real-time online measuring to each measuring point.
If certain section completes measurement task, the movement of the settlement measurement unit of the section can be installed to next
Monitoring measurement section connects special measurement pipeline, and other equipment of the measurement group can remain unchanged, to pass through loopy moving
The Pattern completion measurement task of propulsion, operation and installation process is simple, does not need to carry out base to new Measure section every time again
The high measurement of fiducial mark imports.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used for, the technical schemes of the invention are described in detail and is not to this hair
The limitation of bright protection scope, it should be apparent to a person skilled in the art that based on the technical solution of the present invention, not by wound
The various changes that the property made labour makes it in form and details are still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the real-time level measurement method and measuring device of tunnel arch top settlement, which is characterized in that including encircleing simultaneously to multibreak face
Top sinks to carrying out the method and measuring device of real-time level measurement.
2. according to the real-time level measurement method and measuring device of the tunnel arch top settlement that right 1 requires, which is characterized in that measurement
Method specifically includes that convert by function measures the sinking for obtaining vault indirectly, is imported by altitude datum and combines static(al) water
Locating tab assembly system obtains the absolute altitude value of each section vault measuring point, completes liquid storage by the automatic technology for eliminating of the difference of error
When liquid level changes because of leakage or other factors in device, when tunnel inner wall generation settles or when deformation, when certain section measuring point
Error when damage needs to rebuild measuring point occurs to eliminate automatically.
3. according to the real-time level measurement method and measuring device of the tunnel arch top settlement that right 1 requires, which is characterized in that measurement
Device specifically includes that settlement measurement unit, altitude datum unit adopt control station, accessory (fluid-through tube, connection cables, reflector etc.)
And TT&C software.
4. according to the real-time level measurement method and measuring device of the tunnel arch top settlement that right 1 requires, which is characterized in that can be with
It is extended to multiple sections while carrying out real-time online measuring, the Pattern completion measurement task promoted by loopy moving does not need
Technical staff carries out manual measurement and the importing of datum mark to each section.
5. according to the real-time level measurement method and measuring device of the tunnel arch top settlement that right 1 requires, which is characterized in that equipment
It is installed on tunnel inner wall, not will lead to interacting for measurement and construction.
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| CN109211189A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-15 | 四川交奥智控防护科技有限公司 | A kind of real-time level measurement method of tunnel vault |
| CN112632680A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-09 | 同济大学 | Large civil engineering structure water leakage condition reconstruction method based on deep learning |
| CN113375633A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-10 | 山东高速工程建设集团有限公司 | Tunnel full-longitudinal ground surface settlement monitoring system and method based on static level gauge |
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Application publication date: 20191018 |