CN110332528A - 一种生物质循环流化床炉 - Google Patents
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
- F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/008—Adaptations for flue gas purification in steam generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
- F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及了本发明涉及了一种生物质循环流化床炉,包括炉膛、旋风分离器和烟道,所述炉膛的出口处与旋风分离器相连,所述旋风分离器的上端连接有烟道,所述旋风分离器的下端通过返料器与炉膛相连,在所述炉膛与旋风分离器之间设有折流板,在所述烟道内设有过热器、省煤器和空气预热器,且所述空气预热器位于省煤器的下端。本发明利用惯性和灰渣的粘性捕集灰渣颗粒,让腐蚀发生在折流板上,定期更换折流板,从而保护了旋风分离器和过热器炉管不被腐蚀,延长了使用寿命,降低了生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种流化装置,特别是一种生物质循环流化床炉。
背景技术
生物质能在全球一次能源中约占14%,是继煤炭、石油、天然气之后的第四大能源。在发展中国家,生物质是非常重要的能源,约能提供35%的能量需求。生物质是环境友好型燃料,所含的硫、灰分较低,产生的环境污染较少,然而,与煤相比,生物质碱金属(钾、钠)含量较高,同时草质类生物质燃料中的氯元素含量较高,这些均导致了生物质锅炉和有机热载体炉严重的高温腐蚀问题。高温腐蚀直接导致泄漏事件的发生,影响到生物质炉机组运行安全性和稳定性,因此生物质炉高温腐蚀防范措施具有重大意义。
据相关研究资料表明高温腐蚀的机理是这样的,在生物质燃烧过程中,大量的氯、硫元素与挥发性的碱金属元素(如:主要是钾和钠)以蒸气形态进入到烟气中,会通过均相反应形成微米级颗粒的碱金属氯化物(氯化钠和氯化钾),凝结和沉积在温度较低的管壁上。凝结和沉积在管子外表面的碱金属氯化物(氯化钠和氯化钾),将与烟气中的二氧化硫发生硫酸盐化反应生成氯气。氯气扩散,与管子中铁元素反应生成氯化铁,氯化铁发生气化,并通过垢层向烟气方向扩散。由于氧气分压力较高,即在氧化性气氛条件下,氯化铁将与氧气发生反应,生成氧化铁和氯气。氯气为游离态,能够(扩散到金属与腐蚀层的交界面上)与金属再次发生反应,如此周而复始炉管表明形成疏散的氧化铁腐蚀层。这些腐蚀反应发生在730~650℃区域,有资料表明此高温腐蚀速度可达每年1.5~2mm。
目前对高温腐蚀采取的措施一般是在此区域炉管和过热器外壁外喷涂无机封闭型防腐层或者堆焊高温耐蚀金属,这些措施可以延缓腐蚀,但无法从根本上解决炉管腐蚀的风险。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上有技术的不足,提供一种利用惯性和灰渣的粘性捕集灰渣颗粒,让腐蚀发生在折流板上,从而保护炉管的生物质循环流化床炉。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:本发明涉及了一种生物质循环流化床炉,包括炉膛、旋风分离器和烟道,所述炉膛的出口处与旋风分离器相连,所述旋风分离器的上端连接有烟道,所述旋风分离器的下端通过返料器与炉膛相连,在所述炉膛与旋风分离器之间设有折流板,在所述烟道内设有过热器、省煤器和空气预热器,且所述空气预热器位于省煤器的下端。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
利用惯性和灰渣的粘性捕集灰渣颗粒,让腐蚀发生在折流板上,定期更换折流板,从而保护了旋风分离器和过热器炉管不被腐蚀,延长了使用寿命,降低了生产成本。
附图说明:
图1为本发明的结构图;
图中标号:1-炉膛, 2-旋风分离器,3-烟道,5-返料器,6-折流板,7-过热器,8-省煤器、9-空气预热器。
具体实施方式:
为了加深对本发明的理解,下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详述,该实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。
如图1示出了本实用一种生物质循环流化床炉:包括炉膛1、旋风分离器2和烟道3,所述炉膛1的出口处与旋风分离器2相连,所述旋风分离器2的上端连接有烟道3,所述旋风分离器2的下端通过返料器5与炉膛1相连,在所述炉膛1与旋风分离器2之间设有折流板6,在所述烟道3内设有过热器7、省煤器8和空气预热器9,且所述空气预热器9位于省煤器8的下端。
生物质在炉膛沸腾燃烧,烟气中的氯化钾氯化钠等低熔点盐颗粒因惯性和粘性被折流板阻挡截留下来,然后烟气经旋风分离器、过热器、省煤器和空气预热器排出,从而保护了旋风分离器和过热器炉管不被腐蚀。
本发明利用惯性和灰渣的粘性捕集灰渣颗粒,让腐蚀发生在折流板上,定期更换折流板,从而保护了旋风分离器和过热器炉管不被腐蚀,延长了使用寿命,降低了生产成本
申请人又一申明,本发明通过上述实施案例来说明本发明的实现方法及装置结构,但本发明并不局限于上述实施方式,凡采用和本发明相似结构及其方法实现本发明目的的所有方式,均在本发明的保护范畴之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种生物质循环流化床炉,其特征在于:包括炉膛(1)、旋风分离器(2)和烟道(3),所述炉膛(1)的出口处与旋风分离器(2)相连,所述旋风分离器(2)的上端连接有烟道(3),所述旋风分离器(2)的下端通过返料器(5)与炉膛(1)相连,在所述炉膛(1)与旋风分离器(2)之间设有折流板(6),在所述烟道(3)内设有过热器(7)、省煤器(8)和空气预热器(9),且所述空气预热器(9)位于省煤器(8)的下端。
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US6322603B1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2001-11-27 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Particulate collector channel with cooling inner elements in a CFB boiler |
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CN103307621A (zh) * | 2013-05-06 | 2013-09-18 | 清华大学 | 一种具备多种污染物同时脱除功能的煤粉锅炉系统及方法 |
CN103322558A (zh) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-25 | 刘柏谦 | 高温颗粒陷阱及使用高温颗粒陷阱的循环流化床锅炉 |
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CN207196481U (zh) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-04-06 | 郑州三众耐磨技术有限公司 | Cfb锅炉旋风分离器前置回料防磨装置 |
CN109000221A (zh) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-14 | 大连亿斯德制冷设备有限公司 | 一种煤泥处理方法 |
CN210979826U (zh) * | 2019-08-09 | 2020-07-10 | 江苏恒科新材料有限公司 | 一种生物质循环流化床炉 |
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2019
- 2019-08-09 CN CN201910733218.0A patent/CN110332528A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
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US6322603B1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2001-11-27 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Particulate collector channel with cooling inner elements in a CFB boiler |
CN201149248Y (zh) * | 2007-12-21 | 2008-11-12 | 北京博朗环境工程技术股份有限公司 | 生物质循环流化床锅炉 |
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CN207196481U (zh) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-04-06 | 郑州三众耐磨技术有限公司 | Cfb锅炉旋风分离器前置回料防磨装置 |
CN109000221A (zh) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-14 | 大连亿斯德制冷设备有限公司 | 一种煤泥处理方法 |
CN210979826U (zh) * | 2019-08-09 | 2020-07-10 | 江苏恒科新材料有限公司 | 一种生物质循环流化床炉 |
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