CN110312530A - 用以治疗心肌梗塞的可重复装载的水胶系统 - Google Patents
用以治疗心肌梗塞的可重复装载的水胶系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种药物传输系统,及其在将一聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂输送至心脏的用途。该药物传输系统包含一包埋在水胶中的抗体,该水胶包含一或多种生物降解性聚合物,且至多约60%的该一或多种生物降解性聚合物包含链间或链内共价交联。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2017年1月13日所提交的美国临时申请号62/445,791,标题为A“用以治疗心肌梗塞的可重复装载的水胶系统(RELOADABLE HYDROGEL SYSTEM FORTREATING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION)”的申请日的权益,该美国临时申请在此通过引用而并入其全文。
发明背景
由于多种因素使然,使得将治疗药剂输送至心脏以治疗心肌梗塞一事备受挑战。心脏含有高度秩序排列的紧密填充的心肌。由于心脏跳动导致的持续收缩可能加速治疗药剂的流失。此外,当缺血情形发生时,在心肌中的梗塞区带的主要部分变得自恰好在与健康心肌接触的边界区的血管分布隔绝。因此,二级循环点会变少而致使该受损区域可自血液循环隔绝。这会阻碍治疗药剂输送至该受损区域。
因此,研发新颖且有效的药物传输系统以输送治疗药剂至心脏至关重要,特别是输送至该心脏的缺血区带,以治疗心脏疾病。
发明内容
本揭示内容至少一部分是基于发明人研发一种包含水胶的药物传输系统,其包含能够吸引治疗药剂至心脏的抗体。
在一方式中,本揭示内容提供一种用以将一治疗药剂输送至心脏的药物传输系统,该药物传输系统包含一包埋于一水胶中的抗体(例如一免疫球蛋白分子IgG或IgM),其中该水胶包含一或多种生物降解性聚合物,且至多约60%(例如约25%至约50%)的该一或多种生物降解性聚合物包含链间(inter-chain)或链内(intra-chain)共价交联(covalentcrosslink),其中该抗体是与聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)结合。在某些实例中,该药物传输系统中该抗体量约为0.5至1%(重量/体积)。
在某些实施方式中,该水胶包含玻尿酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)分子。或是或除此外,用于制备本揭示内容的药物传输系统的抗体可专一结合至具有特定分子量范围的PEG。在某些实施方式中,该抗体为人类抗体或人源化抗体。
在另一方式中,本揭示内容提供一种用以将一治疗药剂输送至心脏的套组,该套组包含:(i)任一种本揭示内容的药物传输系统;以及(ii)一种用以治疗心脏疾病的治疗药剂,其中该治疗药剂是与PEG接合。该治疗药剂可为一种用以治疗心脏疾病(例如缺血性心脏病诸如心肌梗塞)的药物,例如生长因子。例示性生长因子包括,但不限于,类胰岛素生长因子(insulin-like growth factor)、颗粒性白血球群落刺激因子(granulocyte-colonystimulating factor,G-CSF)、红血球生成素(erythropoietin)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor)、血小板衍生生长因子(platelet-derivedgrowth factor)、肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor)、神经调节蛋白(neuregulin)、神经滋养蛋白(neurotrophin)、纤维母细胞生长因子(fibroblast growthfactor)、基质细胞衍生因子(stromal cell-derived factor)、生长分化因子(growthdifferentiation factor)、转形生长因子(transforming growth factor)、胶细胞衍生神经滋养因子(glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor)、转移刺激因子(migrationstimulating factor),以及巨噬细胞刺激因子(macrophage stimulating factor)。
在再另一方式中,本揭示内容提供一种用以将一治疗药剂输送至心脏的方法,包含:(i)对一罹患心脏病症或有罹患心脏病症风险的个体投予任一种本揭示内容的药物传输系统,其中将该药物传输系统置于发生或疑似发生该心脏病症(例如心脏缺血或心肌梗塞)的心脏区带;以及(ii)对该个体全身性地投予一用以治疗该心脏病症(诸如心脏缺血或心肌梗塞)的治疗药剂,其中该治疗药剂是与PEG接合。在某些实例中,每次对该个体投予约1至2毫升的药物传输系统。可对该个体多次投予药物传输系统。或者是,仅对该个体投予一次药物传输系统。
本揭示内容的范围亦涵盖一种包埋如本揭示内容所述的抗-PEG抗体的水胶,其与用以治疗心脏病症的聚乙二醇化(pegylated)治疗药剂共同使用时,可将该治疗药剂输送至心脏区带,进而治疗如本揭示内容所述的心脏病症。本揭示内容亦提供本揭示内容的药物传输系统(连同聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂)于制备用以治疗特定疾病的药物的用途。
本揭示内容一或多个实施方式的详细内容陈述于下文说明书中。根据下列图式及若干实施方式的详细说明亦及随附申请专利范围,本揭示内容的其他特征或优点将显而易见。
附图说明
图1的数据阐述IgM及IgG的抗-PEG抗体能够结合至各种聚乙二醇化修饰的化合物,包括聚乙二醇化修饰的红血球生成素(PEG-EPO)、市售聚乙二醇化修饰的G-CSF(Neulasta)、聚乙二醇化修饰的G-CSF(PEG-G-CSF),以及聚乙二醇化修饰的量子点(PEG-Qds)。
图2的数据阐述利用本揭示内容的例示性药物传输系统成功输送药剂至心脏。图A:IVIS活体动物影像显示在缺血-再灌注损伤后,聚乙二醇化修饰的量子点积累在小鼠心脏。图B:将聚乙二醇化修饰的量子点积累予以定量(每组6只)。图C:IVIS活体动物影像测量的线性度。图D:在使用HA/抗-PEG捕捉系统后,利用心脏组织的组织学分析增加的聚乙二醇化修饰的量子点(以红色标示)在该梗塞-受损的左心室(心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiactroponin I),以绿色标示)边界区。Sham为假手术。I/R为缺血-再灌注手术后全身性投予量子点。HA/IgM、HA/抗-PEG,反映该执行的心内注射,后续全身性投予量子点。
图3的数据阐述HA交联(cross-linking)程度在抗体滞留率上的效应。
发明详述
由于不同的器官有不同的生理条件,需要不同的药物传输系统以增强治疗药剂的输送效率及滞留时间,以治疗特殊器官相关的疾病,例如心肌梗塞。
以治疗心肌梗塞对比肢体缺血的情形来说,心肌及骨骼肌二者皆有高度的血管分布,而在此二种肌肉中,横纹肌的生理差异代表了一种不同的生物物理环境–操弄心肌贮存相当具有挑战性。心肌不仅是更稠密且排列方式不同于骨骼肌,且由于心脏跳动尚有持续收缩。此外,当缺血情形发生时,在心肌中的梗塞区带的主要部分变得自恰好在与健康心肌接触的边界区的血管分布隔绝。由于缺乏血液循环,会阻碍治疗药剂输送至该缺血区带。
这些生理及生物物理差异因而呈现了独特的挑战性在配置对心脏疾病,诸如心肌梗塞输送最高的治疗效益的前述药物传输系统。此外,发现在心脏区带治疗药剂的局部注射并无效果是因该治疗药剂的快速流失。
本揭示内容提供了改良的药物传输系统以增强药物输送至心脏的效率及/或延长药物在心脏区带的滞留。本揭示内容的药物传输系统包含包埋一种适当的抗-PEG抗体的水胶。可设计该药物传输系统的特征,举例来说,用于该水胶的生物降解性聚合物类型、交联含量、该抗-PEG抗体的特征、在该药物传输系统中相对于水胶的抗体量等,以使该药物传输系统特别适于输送治疗药剂至心脏。
举例来说,该药物传输系统含有具有适当交联程度(例如至多约60%)的生物降解性聚合物。发明人意外地观察到,生物降解性聚合物(诸如玻尿酸)较高的交联程度导致较低的抗体滞留,而较低的交联程度导致较高的抗体滞留。
可有效利用本揭示内容的药物传输系统来输送聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂至心脏及延长该治疗药剂在心脏区带的滞留,从而有益于心脏病症诸如心肌梗塞的治疗。
包含水胶的药物传输系统
本揭示内容的包含水胶的药物传输系统包含一或多种可形成基质结构的生物降解性聚合物,用以包埋一能够结合至聚乙二醇(PEG)的抗体。
(i)水胶
本揭示内容的药物传输系统所使用的水胶可为一种至少由亲水性聚合物所形成的网状物。在某些实例中,该水胶可为含有以水作为分散介质的胶态凝胶形式。在某些实施例中,该水胶可含有大于50%(例如50%、60%、70%、80%或90%)的水。由于含水量高的缘故,水胶可具备某种程度与天然组织相似的可挠性。
本揭示内容的药物传输系统所使用的水胶可包含一或多种天然或合成(非天然)生物降解性聚合物。或者,该聚合物可含有某种程度的链内及/或链间交联,举例来说,至多约60%、至多约50%、至多约40%、至多约30%、至多约25%或至多约20%。在一实施例中,水胶中约25%至约50%的聚合物含有链间及/或链内交联。如本揭示内容所使用的,“交联”(crosslink)一词是指将一聚合物支链链接至另一支链的一或多种键合。这些键合可为共价键或离子键。
在某些实施方式中,水胶包含一或多种天然生物降解性聚合物,举例来说,玻尿酸(hyaluronan、hyaluronic acid或HA)或玻尿酸衍生物、胶原(collagen)、明胶(gelatin)、纤网蛋白(fibronectin)、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen)、藻酸盐(alginate)、几丁聚糖(chitosan)、由纤维蛋白原及凝血酶(thrombin)所制备的纤维蛋白胶。
HA为一种由D-葡萄糖醛酸及D-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺所组成的双糖单元的聚合物,其经由交替的β1,4-及β1,3-糖苷键链接。公开文献指出HA在细胞间基质扮演多种生理角色,包括细胞移动、增生,以及分化、组织修复及流体力学,以及免疫调节。天然HA通常含有10,000或更多个双糖单元,其可分子量达到4百万道尔顿(daltons)或更高。可经由酶、化学或物理方法降解这些高分子量HA分子以制备解聚(depolymerized)HA产物。用于制备本揭示内容的药物传输系统HA分子可具有一适当的分子量范围,举例来说,约20千道尔顿至约200千道尔顿、约50千道尔顿至约100千道尔顿、约100千道尔顿至约200千道尔顿、约200千道尔顿至约300千道尔顿、约200千道尔顿至约500千道尔顿、约300千道尔顿至约400千道尔顿、约500千道尔顿至约1,000千道尔顿、约800千道尔顿至约1,000千道尔顿、约1,000千道尔顿至约2,000千道尔顿、约1,000千道尔顿至约1,500千道尔顿、约1,500千道尔顿至约2,000千道尔顿、约2,000千道尔顿至约5,000千道尔顿,以及约5,000千道尔顿至约10,000千道尔顿。在一特定实施例中,用于制备本揭示内容的药物传输系统HA分子可具有一分布自约50千道尔顿至约75千道尔顿的分子量(举例来说,具有60千道尔顿的平均分子量)。
玻尿酸衍生物包括,但不限于,玻尿酸(hyaluronic acid)、经己二酸二酰肼修饰的玻尿酸(adipic dihydrazide-modified hyaluronan)、玻尿酸酰胺(amides ofhyaluronan)、交联玻尿酸(crosslinked hyaluronic acid)、玻尿酸的重金属盐类(heavymetal salts of hyaluronic acid)、硫化玻尿酸(sulphated hyaluronic acid)、N-硫化玻尿酸(N-sulphated hyaluronic acid)、经胺类修饰的玻尿酸(amine-modifiedhyaluronic acid)、经双胺修饰的玻尿酸(diamine-modified hyaluronic acid)及玻尿酸组合物(例如玻尿酸及丝的组合物,以及与其他天然或合成物质交联的玻尿酸)的部分酯类或全酯类。可利用本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知的化学方法来修饰玻尿酸的一或多个功能基(例如羧酸基、氢氧基、还原端基及N-乙酰基)及/或将玻尿酸与其他分子交联来制备玻尿酸衍生物。
在某些实施例中,水胶是由纤维蛋白原及凝血酶所制备的纤维蛋白胶,其中该凝血酶可在短时间内(例如10至60秒)将该纤维蛋白原转换为纤维素单体(fibrin monomer),从而产生一种三维(three-dimension)的类胶状结构。
在其他实施方式中,水胶可包含一或多种合成聚合物,其可选自由聚乙醇酸(poly(glycolic acid),PGA)、聚乳酸(poly(lactic acid),PLA)、聚胺酯(polyurethane,PU)、聚E-己内酯(poly(E-caprolactone),PCL)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚氰基丙烯酸酯(polycyanoacrylate,PCA)、聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)、共聚乳酸-甘醇酸(poly(lactide-co-glycolide),PLGA)、聚二亚甲基碳酸酯(poly(trimethylene carbonate),PTMC)、聚二甲基硅氧烷(polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)、共聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(poly(ethylene-co-viny;acetate,PEVA)、共聚乙交酯-己内酯(poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone),PGCL),以及共聚丙交酯-己内酯(poly(lactide-co-caprolactone,PLCL)所组成的群组。
在某些实施方式中,水胶可包含天然聚合物及合成聚合物的组合。在国际专利申请第2016/007856号可找到用于本揭示内容的药物传输系统的适当水胶的其他信息,该相关揭示内容在此引入作为参考。
(ii)抗-PEG抗体
本揭示内容的药物传输系统抗体可用以结合PEG。抗体(与复数形式可交替使用)为免疫球蛋白分子,其能够通过位于该免疫球蛋白分子的变异区中的至少一个抗原识别位点专一结合至标的,如糖、多核苷酸、脂类、多肽等。如本揭示内容所使用的,“抗体”(antibody)一词不仅涵盖完整的(亦即全长的)多株或单克隆抗体,也涵盖其片段(如Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fv)、单链(ScFv)、其突变体、包含抗体部分的融合蛋白、人源化抗体、嵌合抗体、双功能抗体(diabodies)、纳体(nanobodies)、线性抗体(linear antibodies)、单链抗体(single chain antibodies)、多重专一性抗体(multispecific antibodies(例如双专一性抗体(bispecific antibodies)))及包含具有所需要的专一性的抗原识别位点的免疫球蛋白分子的任意其它经修饰的构型,包括抗体的糖化修饰变异体、抗体的氨基酸序列变异体,以及共价修饰的抗体。抗体包括任一种类型(class)的抗体,如IgD、IgE、IgG、IgA或IgM(或其亚型),且抗体不必属于任一种具体类型。取决于抗体重链恒定域的氨基酸序列,可将免疫球蛋白分为不同类型。主要有五类型免疫球蛋白:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG及IgM,且此等类型中的若干种可进一步分为亚型(同种型),例如IgGl、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgAl及IgA2。对应于免疫球蛋白不同类型的重链恒定域分别称为阿尔法(alpha)、德尔塔(delta)、艾普塞朗(epsilon)、伽马(gamma)及穆(mu)。不同类型免疫球蛋白的次单位结构及三维构型是公知的。
本揭示内容所使用的抗-PEG抗体可专一或优先结合具有某种分子量范围的PEG。抗体“专一性结合”(specifically binds)至抗原或表位为本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知的术语。分子呈现“专一结合”(specific binding),是指相较于该分子与替代标的反应,若该分子与特定标的抗原反应较为频繁、较为急速,且具有较持久的期间及/或具有较大的亲和力而言。抗体“专一性结合”(specifically binds)至具有特定分子量a的PEG,是指相较于该抗体结合至具有不同分子量的PEG,若该抗体结合至该具有特定分子量a的PEG具有较大的亲和力、总结合力(avidity)、较为急速、较为频繁,及/或具有较持久的期间而言。应当理解本定义是指,举例来说,专一性结合至具有特定分子量的PEG的抗体不一定可专一或优先结合至具有不同的分子量的PEG。如此,“专一结合”(specific binding)或“优先结合”(preferential binding)并非必然需要(虽然其可包括)排他性结合。在某些实施例中,“专一性结合”(specifically binds)至具有特定分子量的PEG的抗体可能无法结合至具有不同的分子量的PEG。
在某些实施方式中,相较于具有低分子量(例如低于5,000千道尔顿,例如3,000千道尔顿、2,000千道尔顿、1,000千道尔顿、500千道尔顿,或更低)的PEG,该抗-PEG抗体(其可为一IgG或IgM分子)可专一性结合至具有高分子量(例如具有高于10,000千道尔顿的分子量,举例来说,15,000千道尔顿、20,000千道尔顿、25,000千道尔顿、30,000千道尔顿或更高)的PEG。选择对具有特定分子量的PEG具有专一结合活性的抗-PEG抗体会取决于与该标的治疗药剂接合的PEG分子量。举例来说,若将输送至心脏的标的治疗药剂与具有高分子量的PEG接合,用于该药物传输系统的抗-PEG抗体优选对高分子量PEG具有专一结合活性者。或者,若将输送至心脏的标的治疗药剂与具有低分子量的PEG接合,用于该药物传输系统的抗-PEG抗体优选对低分子量PEG具有专一结合活性者。
或是或除此外,本揭示内容的抗-PEG抗体对PEG具有适当的结合亲和力,例如具有特定分子量的PEG。本揭示内容所使用的“结合亲和力”(binding affinity)一词是指明显的缔合常数(association constant)或KA。KA为解离常数(dissociation constant,KD)的倒数。本揭示内容的抗-PEG抗体对标的抗原或抗原表位可具有至少每升10-5、10-6、10-7、10-8、10-9、10-10摩尔,或更低的结合亲和力(KD)。增加的结合亲和力对应于降低的KD。相对于第二抗原,抗体对第一抗原的较高亲和力结合可由该抗体结合第一抗原具有较高的KA(或较小数值KD)表示,相较于该抗体结合第二抗原的KA(或数值KD)而言。在此情形下,相对于该第二抗原(例如相同的第一蛋白于第二构象或其模拟物;或第二蛋白),该抗体对该第一抗原(例如第一蛋白于第一构象或其模拟物)具有专一性。在某些实施方式中,相较于对具有不同的分子量的PEG的结合亲和力而言,本揭示内容的抗-PEG抗体对具有特定分子量的PEG具有较高的结合亲和力(较高的KA或较小的KD)。结合亲和力的差异(例如对专一性或其他比较)可至少为1.5、2、3、4、5、10、15、20、37.5、50、70、80、91、100、500、1000、10,000或105倍。在某些实施方式中,任一种抗-PEG抗体可进一步进行亲和力成熟以增加该抗体对PEG的结合亲和力,举例来说,具有特定分子量的PEG。
可利用包括平衡透析(equilibrium dialysis)、平衡结合(equilibriumbinding)、凝胶过滤(gel filtration)、ELISA、表面等离子体共振(surface plasmonresonance)或光谱学(例如使用荧光测定)等方法来确定结合亲和力(或结合专一性)。用于评估结合亲和力的例示性条件为HBS-P缓冲液(每升10毫摩尔的HEPES,pH7.4、每升150毫摩尔的NaCl、0.005%(体积/体积)的表面活性剂P20)。可利用此等技术来测量该固着的结合蛋白浓度作为标的蛋白浓度的函数。通过下列方程式,该固着的结合蛋白的浓度([固着的])一般是与游离的标的蛋白的浓度([游离的])相关:
[固着的]=[游离的]/(Kd+[游离的])
尽管并非必要总是精确测定KA,但是因为有时足以获得对例如使用诸如ELISA或FACS分析的方法测定的亲和力的定量测量,其与KA成比例,并且因此可用于比较,诸如确定较高的亲和力是否是例如高2倍,以获得对亲和力的定性测量或获得对亲和力的推导,例如通过功能性测定,例如活体外或活体内测定。
通过本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知的任一种方法可制备本揭示内容的能够结合PEG的抗体。参照例如,Harlow and Lane,(1998)Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,New York。
在某些实施方式中,可借由常规融合瘤技术来制备对PEG(例如具有特定分子量的PEG)具有专一性的抗体。可利用PEG抗原(其可非必要性地与KLH等载剂蛋白偶合)来免疫接种(immunize)宿主动物以制备结合至该抗原的抗体。免疫接种宿主动物的途径及时程通常与已建立及常规的抗体刺激及生产技术一致,如本揭示内容进一步描述。用于制备小鼠、人源化及人类抗体的一般技术为本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知及/或于本揭示内容描述。应考虑任何哺乳动物个体包括人类或源自该个体的抗体生产细胞可经操作以作为制备哺乳动物(包括人类)融合瘤细胞株的基础。通常,该宿主动物是经腹膜内(intraperitoneally)、肌肉内(intramuscularly)、经口(orally)、皮下(subcutaneously)、脚掌内(intraplantar)及/或皮内(intradermally)接种一定量的免疫原,包括如本揭示内容所述。
可自淋巴细胞及永生化的骨髓瘤细胞制备融合瘤,使用Kohler,B.and Milstein,C.(1975)Nature 256:495-497的常规体细胞杂交技术或由Buck,D.W.,et al.,In Vitro,18:377-381(1982)所修饰的技术。可用的骨髓瘤细胞包括,但不限于,X63-Ag8.653及彼等来自美国加州圣地亚哥沙克研究所细胞发配中心(Salk Institute,Cell DistributionCenter,San Diego,Calif.,USA)的细胞可用来杂交。通常,该技术涉及使用促融剂诸如聚己二醇(PEG)或通过彼等本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知的电装置使骨髓瘤细胞与淋巴样细胞融合。在融合后,使该细胞自融合培养液中分离并于选择性生长培养液诸如次黄嘌呤-氨喋呤-胸苷(hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine,HAT)培养液中生长以清除未杂交的亲本细胞。可用任一种本揭示内容的培养液,无论有否添加血清来培养分泌单克隆抗体的融合瘤。在细胞融合技术的另一替代技术中,可用EBV永生化的B细胞来生产本揭示内容的抗-PEG单克隆抗体。若有需要时,扩增及次选殖该种融合瘤,并通过常规的免疫测定方法(例如放射性免疫测定(radioimmunoassay)、酶免疫测定(enzyme immunoassay)或荧光免疫测定(fluorescence immunoassay))检测上清液的抗-免疫原活性。
可利用已知方法在活体外或活体内制备用以生产抗-PEG抗体的融合瘤。若有需要时,可利用常规免疫球蛋白纯化方法诸如硫酸铵沉淀(ammonium sulfateprecipitation)、胶体电泳(gel electrophoresis)、透析(dialysis)、色谱分析(chromatography)及超滤(ultrafiltration),可自培养液或体液中单离出该单克隆抗体。若存在非期望的活性,可将其移除,举例来说,借由使该制剂通过由免疫原连接固相所制备的吸附剂,并自该免疫原溶析或释出该期望的抗体。可以与蛋白接合的标的抗原或含有该标的氨基酸序列的片段免疫接种宿主动物来产生抗体族群(例如单克隆抗体),其中该蛋白对该待免疫接种的物种具免疫原性,例如钥孔戚血蓝素(keyhole limpet hemocyanin)、血清白蛋白(serum albumin)、牛甲状腺球蛋白(bovine thyroglobulin)或大豆膜蛋白酶抑制剂(soybean trypsin inhibitor),其中该接合是利用双官能性或衍生剂,例如马来酰亚胺己酸磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯(maleimidobenzoyl sulfosuccinimide ester)(经由半胱氨酸残基接合)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(N-hydroxysuccinimide)(经由赖氨酸残基)、戊二醛(glutaraldehyde)、琥珀酸酐(succinic anhydride)、SOCl,或R1N=C=NR,其中R和R1为不同的烷基团。
若有需要时,可定序分析特定(例如通过融合瘤制备)抗体(单株或多株),之后将多核苷酸序列选殖至载体进行表现或增殖。可将用以编码特定抗体的序列保留于宿主细胞的载体中,并扩增及冷冻该宿主细胞以供后续使用。在一替代方式中,可利用该多核苷酸序列进行基因操作以产生“人源化”抗体或改善该抗体的亲和力(亲和力成熟)或其他特征。
在其他实施方式中,可借由基因工程技术来制备会表现特定人类免疫球蛋白的小鼠,据以得到全人类抗体。亦可利用转殖基因动物来制备人源化或人类抗体,其中该基因转殖动物可用以产生特定需求的抗体(例如全人类抗体)或具有更显著的免疫反应。这些技术可参见Amgen,Inc.(Fremont,Calif.)的XenomouseRTM及得自Medarex,Inc.(Princeton,N.J.)的HuMAb-MouseRTM及TC MouseTM。在另一替代例中,可利用噬菌体呈现技术或酵母菌呈现技术以重组方式来制备抗体。例如可参见美国专利第5,565,332号;第5,580,717号;第5,733,743号;及第6,265,150号;及Winter et al.,(1994)Annu.Rev.Immunol.12:433-455。或者,可使用菌体呈现技术(McCafferty et al.,(1990)Nature 348:552-553),利用来自未免疫接种供者的免疫球蛋白变异(V)域基因谱是在活体外制备人类抗体及抗体片段。
或者,可经由常规步骤自适当的抗体库单离出能够结合至该本揭示内容的PEG抗原的抗体。可借由本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知的常规筛选流程,以包含有复数个抗体组分的抗体库来确认可结合至特定标的抗原(例如具有某种分子量的PEG分子)的抗体。在该筛选过程中,以标的PEG抗原探测抗体库,据以单离出可结合至该标的PEG抗原的抗体,其通常滞留在一支撑体上。可执行数次(例如正向及负向选择)该筛选流程,以增加可结合至该标的PEG抗原的抗体群体(pool)。可由该抗体群体单离出个别选殖株,并进一步确认其结合活性及生物活性。可经由常规方法学决定该重链及轻链变异域的序列。
有数种本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知的常规方法来确认及单离出可结合至本揭示内容的标的PEG抗原的抗体,包括噬菌体呈现、酵母菌呈现、核糖体呈现,或哺乳动物细胞呈现技术。
作为实例,噬菌体呈现物通常利用共价键合来结合蛋白(例如抗体)组分与噬菌体外套蛋白。该键合是因转译一编码该融合至外套蛋白的抗体组分的核酸所导致。该键合可包括可挠性肽链接物、蛋白酶切位点,或并入终止密码作为抑制结果的氨基酸。公开文献已记载噬菌体呈现技术,举例来说,美国专利第5,223,409号;Smith(1985)Science 228:1315-1317;国际专利申请第92/18619号;国际专利申请第91/17271号;国际专利申请第92/20791号;国际专利申请第92/15679号;国际专利申请第93/01288号;国际专利申请第92/01047号;国际专利申请第92/09690号;国际专利申请第90/02809号;de Haard et al.(1999)J.Biol.Chem 274:18218-30;Hoogenboom et al.(1998)Immunotechnology 4:1-20;Hoogenboom et al.(2000)Immunol Today 2:371-8及Hoet et al.(2005)NatBiotechnol.23(3)344-8。可用标准的噬菌体预备方法例如来自生长培养基的PEG沉淀可生长和采收噬菌体呈现蛋白组分。选择个别呈现噬菌体后,可自感染所选择的噬菌体的细胞或自扩增后的该噬菌体本身单离出编码所选择的蛋白组分的核酸。可选择个别群落或溶菌斑,将该核酸单离出并进行定序分析。
其它呈现形式包括基于细胞的呈现(参照,例如国际专利申请第03/029456号)、蛋白质-核酸融合(参照,例如美国专利第6,207,446号)和核糖体呈现(参照,例如Mattheakiset al.(1994)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 91:9022及Hanes et al.(2000)NatBiotechnol.18:1287-92;Hanes et al.(2000)Methods Enzymol.328:404-30;及Schaffitzel et al.(1999)J Immunol Methods.231(1-2):119-35),以大肠杆菌周质呈现(J Immunol Methods.2005Nov 22;PMID:16337958)。
在单离出可结合至该标的PEG抗原的呈现库成员后,可测试各单离出的抗体与非标的分子的结合能力,借以评估其结合专一性。例示性的非标的分子包括链霉亲和素磁珠(streptavidin on magnetic beads)、阻断剂诸如牛血清白蛋白、脱脂牛奶、大豆蛋白、任一种捕获或固定标的的单克隆抗体,或不表达该标的非转染细胞,或具有非常不同于该用于筛选抗体的PEG抗原分子量的PEG分子。举例来说,可利用高通量ELISA筛选以获得数据。亦可利用ELISA筛选以获得结合至该标的PEG抗原的每个库成员的定量数据。比较非标的及标的结合数据(例如使用计算机及软件)来鉴别专一性结合至该标的的库成员。
选择结合至标的PEG抗原的候选库成员后,可进一步分析每个候选库成员,例如进一步确认其与标的PEG抗原的结合特性。可对各候选库成员进行一或多个二次筛选测定。可测定结合特性、催化特性、抑制特性、生理特性(例如细胞毒性、肾脏清除率、免疫原性)、结构特性(例如稳定性、构象、齐聚反应状态)或另外的功能特性。可反复使用该相同的测定,但以变化的条件,例如以决定pH、离子或热敏感性。
适当时,该测定可直接用呈现库成员,自编码所选择的多肽的核酸的制备重组多肽,或基于所选择的多肽的序列合成合成肽。在所选择的Fab情形下,可评估或可修饰该Fab并制备完整的IgG蛋白。结合特性的例示性测定记载如下。
可利用ELISA测定来评估结合抗体。举例来说,可将每个候选抗体接触一底部表面已涂布该标的PEG抗原的微量滴定板,例如该标的的有限量。以缓冲液清洗该滴定板来移除非专一性固着的多肽。接着,通过以可识别该结合抗体的候选抗体探测该滴定板来决定在该滴定板上该结合抗体结合至该标的的量,例如标签或该结合蛋白的恒定部分。将该抗体链接至一检测系统(例如当提供适当基质时会产生比色产物的酶诸如碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase)或辣根过氧化物酶(horse radish peroxidase,HRP))。
或者,可利用均相测定来分析本揭示内容的结合抗体结合至标的PEG抗原的能力,亦即在加入该测定的所有组分后,不需要额外的液体操作。举例来说,均相测定可利用荧光共振能量转移(fluorescence resonance energy transfer,FRET)(参照,例如Lakowiczet al.,美国专利第5,631,169号;Stavrianopoulos,et al.,美国专利第4,868,103号)。选择一种在一第一分子上的荧光团标记(例如该留分中所鉴别出的分子),使得其发射的荧光能量由在一第二分子(例如该标的)上的荧光标记吸收,若该第二分子接近该第一分子时。当在该第二分子上的荧光标记吸收该转移的能量时,在该第二分子上的荧光标记发出荧光。因在该标记间的能量转移效率与该分离该分子的距离相关,可用于评量该分子间的空间关系。在该分子间发生结合的情况下,该分子标记“受体”(acceptor)的荧光发射在该测定中应为最大值。配合通过FRET来监测的结合情形可通过标准荧光检测手段方便地测量,例如利用荧光计。通过滴定该第一或第二结合分子的量,可做出结合曲线以估计该平衡结合常数。
可利用表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)来分析结合蛋白与标的抗原的交互作用。SPR或生物分子交互作用分析(Biomolecular InteractionAnalysis,BIA)检测实时性生物专一性交互作用,无须标记任一种反应物。该BIA玻片的结合表面的质量变化(结合情形的指标)导致靠近该表面的光折射率的改变(SPR的光学现象)。该折射率的变化产生一种可检测的讯号,测量该讯号作为生物分子间实时性反应的指标。公开文献已记载使用SPR的方法,例如,美国专利第5,641,640号;Raether,1988,Surface Plasmons Springer Verlag;Sjolander and Urbaniczky,1991,Anal.Chem.63:2338-2345;Szabo et al.,1995,Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.5:699-705及由BIAcoreInternational AB(Uppsala,Sweden)提供的在线资源。
可利用来自SPR的信息来提供平衡解离常数(KD)及结合蛋白对标的的结合动力参数,包括Kon及Koff,的精确且定量的测量。可利用这些数据来比较不同的生物分子。举例来说,可将选自表达库的蛋白用来比较来鉴别对标的具有高亲和力或具有慢Koff的蛋白。亦可利用本信息来研发结构-活性关系(structure-activity relationships,SAR)。举例来说,可将该亲本蛋白成熟版的动力及平衡结合参数该与该亲本蛋白的参数相比。可鉴别出与特定结合参数(例如高亲和力及慢Koff)相关的指定位置上的各种氨基酸。可将本信息结合结构的模型(例如利用同源模型、能量极小化、或通过X射线晶体学或NMR决定结构)。因此,可将在该蛋白及其标的间的物理性交互作用的理解公式化并用于导引其他设计程序。
作为进一步的实例,可利用细胞测定。可以结合至细胞的能力筛选结合蛋白,其中该细胞为瞬时或稳定表达且呈现在该细胞表面上的标的PEG。举例来说,可将抗-PEG抗体进行荧光标记并在存在或不存在拮抗抗体下、通过利用流式细胞术(例如FACS仪器)分析荧光强度变化,可检测该抗-PEG抗体与PEG的结合。
可经由常规方法制备完整的抗体(全长的抗体)的抗原-结合片段。举例来说,可通过胃蛋白酶消化抗体分子来制备F(ab’)2片段,以及可通过还原该F(ab’)2片段的双硫键制备Fab片段。
可经由例如常规重组技术制备基因工程抗体,诸如人源化抗体、嵌合抗体、单链抗体,以及双专一性抗体。
本所属领域普通技术人员熟知建构人源化抗体的方法。参照,例如Queen et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,86:10029-10033(1989)。在一实施例中,依本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知的方法将亲本非人类抗体的VH及VL变异区进行三维分子模型分析。其次,利用相同的分子模型分析来鉴别预期对形成正确CDR结构为重要的框架氨基酸残基。同样地,自任一种抗体基因数据库、利用该亲本VH及VL序列作为搜索查询来鉴别具有与亲本非人类抗体氨基酸序列同源的人类VH及VL链。即可选择人类VH及VL受体基因。
可用来自原本非人类抗体或其功能性变异体的CDR区替换在选择的人类受体基因中的CDR区域。必要时,可用预期对与CDR区域的相互作用为重要的亲本链的框架区域中的残基(参照上文说明)来替换人类受体基因中相应的残基。
利用本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知的方法可将获得的抗体依本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知及本揭示内容的方法确认。
在某些实施例中,通过常规重组技术可制备抗-PEG抗体。可利用标准分子生物学技术来制备该重组表达载体、转染宿主细胞、选择转形体、培养该宿主细胞及该自该培养液回收抗体。举例来说,通过与蛋白A或蛋白G偶合的基质的亲和力层析法可单离出某些抗体。
(iii)药物传输系统
本揭示内容的包含水胶的药物传输系统可具有一种相对于生物降解性聚合物的量的抗-PEG抗体的适当浓度。在某些实施方式中,抗体于水胶中的浓度约为0.1至10%(重量/体积),举例来说,约0.5至5%(重量/体积)、约0.5至2%(重量/体积)或约0.5至1.0%(重量/体积)。在某些实施例中,该抗体浓度约为1%(重量/体积)。
本揭示内容所使用的“约”(about)或“大约”(approximately)一词,是指在本所属领域普通技术人员所确定的具体值的可接受误差范围之内,其将部分取决于如何测量或决定该值,亦即,测量系统的局限性。举例来说,根据本领域的实务,“约”可意指在可接受的标准偏差范围之内。或者,“约”可意指指定值的至多±20%、较佳地,至多10±10%或更佳地,至多±5%的范围。或者,特别是针对生物学系统或程序,该词可意指在一定值的量值等级之内,较佳地,在2倍之内。记载在本说明书及申请专利范围中的特定值,除非另有声明,该“约”一词为隐含的,且在上下文中意指在该特定值的可接受误差范围之内。
在某些实例中,该药物传输系统包含适当比例的抗-PEG抗体及水胶。举例来说,该抗-PEG抗体及该水胶的比例可约为1:1至1:100(重量/体积),例如约1:1至1:50(重量/体积)、约1:1至1:20(重量/体积)、约1:3(重量/体积)至约1:5(重量/体积),例如约1:3(重量/体积)、约1:4(重量/体积)或约1:5(重量/体积)。在某些实施方式中,该抗-PEG抗体及该水胶的比例约为1:4(重量/体积)。在某些实施例中,药物传输系统每微升水胶含有0.1至10微克抗体,举例来说,每微升水胶0.1至5微克抗体、每微升水胶0.5至5微克抗体、每微升水胶0.2至2微克抗体、每微升水胶0.5至2微克抗体,或每微升水胶0.5至1微克抗体。
输送治疗药剂至心脏的医药组合物及方法
可将包含水胶的药物传输系统与一药学上可接受的载剂(赋形剂)混和来制备用于治疗心脏疾病的医药组合物。“可接受的”(acceptable)一词意指该载剂应与该组合物的活性成分兼容(且较佳地,能够安定该活性成分),且不对待治疗个体有害。本所属领域普通技术人员熟知药学上可接受的赋形剂(载剂)包括缓冲液。参照,例如Remington:TheScience and Practice of Pharmacy 20th Ed.(2000)Lippincott Williams andWilkins,Ed.K.E.Hoover。
用于本揭示内容方法的医药组合物可以冷冻干燥剂型或水溶液的形式包含药学上可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稳定剂(Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy20th Ed.(2000)Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,Ed.K.E.Hoover)。可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稳定剂在所用的剂量及浓度上对接受者为无毒,且可包含缓冲液诸如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐,以及其他有机酸;抗氧化剂包括抗坏血酸及甲硫氨酸;防腐剂(诸如十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride);氯化六甲铵(hexamethonium chloride);苯扎氯铵(benzalkonium chloride)、氯化芐乙氧铵(benzethonium chloride);苯酚(phenol)、丁基(butyl)或苯甲醇(benzyl alcohol);对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯(alkyl paraben)诸如甲基(methyl)或丙基(propyl)对羟基苯甲酸酯(paraben);邻苯二酚(catechol);间苯二酚(resorcinol);环己醇(cyclohexanol);3-戊醇(3-pentanol);及m-甲酚(m-cresol));低分子量(少于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白,诸如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物诸如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone);氨基酸诸如甘氨酸、谷酰氨酸、天冬酰胺、组胺酸、精氨酸,或赖氨酸;单糖、双糖,以及其他碳水化合物包括葡萄糖、甘露糖,或右旋糖酐(dextran);螫合剂诸如EDTA;糖类诸如蔗糖、甘露醇、海藻糖或山梨醇;形成盐类的相对离子诸如钠;金属复合物(例如锌-蛋白复合物);及/或非离子表面活性剂诸如聚氧乙烯去水山梨醇单月桂酸酯(TWEENTM)、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯(PLURONICSTM)或聚乙二醇(PEG)。
用于活体内投予的医药组合物须为无菌。举例来说,可借由无菌滤膜过滤来达到此目的。一般将治疗的抗体组合物置于具有无菌出入孔的容器中,举例来说,静脉注射溶液袋或具有皮下注射针头可刺穿的瓶塞的小瓶。
本揭示内容的医药组合物进行局部投予时可为诸如溶液或悬浮液等单位剂量形式。
为利用本揭示内容的药物传输系统来执行输送治疗药剂至心脏的方法,可对一有需要治疗的个体投予适当量的该药物传输系统,例如经由注射在发生或疑似发生心脏病状(例如缺血或心肌梗塞)的心脏区带。在某些实例中,每一次对个体给予约0.5至5毫升(例如约1至5毫升、约1至3毫升,或约1至2毫升)的该药物传输系统。可经由全身性投予等方式,将与PEG(亦即聚乙二醇化修饰)接合的标的治疗药剂投予至个体体内。包埋在该药物传输系统的抗-PEG抗体会吸引该聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂标的至该期望的心脏区带,从而在该受损位点发挥其治疗功效。
不受理论约束,在将本揭示内容的包含水胶的药物传输系统置于本揭示内容的适当的心脏区带后,经由将抗体封装在水胶的基质结构中,于适当的期间内,举例来说,至少1天(例如3天、5天、7天,或10天)可使该抗-PEG抗体保持在该期望的部位。借由调整用于制备水胶的聚合物类型、聚合物的交联百分比、抗体与水胶/聚合物之间的比值,及/或在水胶中的抗体百分比等,可达到一特定抗-PEG抗体在心脏的适当滞留时间。需要时,可对个体在相同位点或近处位点给予复数剂量的药物传输系统以利维持抗体的适当局部浓度。鉴于本揭示内容的药物传输系统保留本揭示内容的包埋抗体的能力,无需在短时间间隔内频繁投予该药物传输系统。举例来说,当需要复数剂量时,可在前次剂量后至少3至14天投予该药物传输系统每个剂量。在某些实施例中,投予至个体的二连续剂量的间隔时间可至少为3天、至少为7天,或至少为14天。在某些实施方式中,仅需该药物传输系统一个剂量。
可在对个体投予该药物传输系统后至少2小时,举例来说在该投予该药物传输系统后至少4小时、至少8小时、至少12小时、至少24小时,或至少48小时给予该聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂的一或多种剂量。
例示性的用以治疗心脏病状的聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂可为聚乙二醇化修饰的生长因子,包括,但不限于,类胰岛素生长因子、颗粒性白血球群落刺激因子、红血球生成素、血管内皮生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、神经调节蛋白、神经滋养蛋白、纤维母细胞生长因子、基质细胞衍生因子、生长分化因子、转形生长因子、胶细胞衍生神经滋养因子、转移刺激因子,以及巨噬细胞刺激因子。实例包括β促红细胞生成素聚乙二醇化修饰力生长因子(mechano growth factor)(PEG-MGF),以及
在某些实例中,该治疗药剂与具有高分子量PEG接合,举例来说,大于10,000千道尔顿、大于15,000千道尔顿、大于20,000千道尔顿,或大于25,000千道尔顿。在其他实例中,该治疗药剂与具有低分子量PEG接合,举例来说,小于8,000千道尔顿、小于5,000千道尔顿、小于3,000千道尔顿、小于2,000千道尔顿、小于1,000千道尔顿,或小于500千道尔顿。基于用于治疗心血管病症的聚乙二醇化修饰治疗药剂的PEG大小可选择能够结合至具有特定分子量的PEG分子的抗-PEG抗体。
如本揭示内容所使用的,“个体”(subject)一词是指任一种哺乳动物。在一较佳实施方式中,该个体为人类。在某些实施例中,该个体为罹患或疑似罹患心脏病状,举例来说,心肌梗塞或缺血的人类病患。
如本揭示内容所使用的,“治疗”(treating)一词是指对一个体应用或投予包括一或多种活性药剂的组合物,其中该个体具有标的疾病或病症,或该个体出现该疾病/病症相关症状,或易罹患该疾病/病症,以期能治疗(cure、remedy)、治愈(heal)、缓解(alleviate)、减轻(relieve)、改变(alter)、减缓(ameliorate)、改善(improve)或影响(affect)该疾病、与该疾病相关的症状或易罹患该疾病或病症的特性。
缓解标的疾病/病症包括延迟疾病的发展(development)或进展(progression),或减低疾病严重度。缓解疾病并非必然需要治疗的结果。如本揭示内容所使用的,“延迟”(delaying)标的疾病或病症的发展意旨延缓(defer)、阻止(hinder)、缓慢(slow)、阻滞(retard)、安定(stabilize),及/或延迟(postpone)该疾病的进展。该延迟时间长短不一,取决于该疾病病历及/或待治疗的个体。“延迟”或缓解该疾病发展,或延迟该疾病发病(onset)的方法,为一种相较于非利用该方法时,在一指定时间范围内减低发展一或多种该疾病症状的几率及/或在一指定的时间范围内减低该症状程度的方法。该比较通常基于利用足以给出统计学上显著结果的个体数目的临床研究。
疾病的“发展”或“进展”意旨该疾病的初始表现(manifestation)及/或随后进展。疾病的发展是可检测的,其是利用本所属领域普通技术人员所熟知的标准临床技术进行评量。然而,发展亦可指可能无法检测到的进展。为本揭示内容的目的,发展或进展是指该症状的生物学进程。“发展”包括发生、复发,以及发病。如本揭示内容所使用的,标的疾病或病症的“发病”(onset)或“发生”(occurrence)包括初始发病及/或复发。
输送治疗药剂至心脏的套组
本揭示内容亦提供用于缓解或治疗心脏疾病/病症的套组。该套组可包括一或多种容器,其包含(i)任一种本揭示内容的药物传输系统,以及(ii)一医药组合物,包含一用以治疗心脏疾病的聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂及一药学上可接受的载剂。在某些实例中,本揭示内容的药物传输系统包含一种专一结合至PEG分子的抗-PEG抗体,其中该PEG分子与聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂中的PEG分子具有相同的或相似的分子量。
在某些实施方式中,该套组可包含依据任一种本揭示内容的方法使用的使用操作说明。该包括的使用操作说明可包含投予该药物传输系统及该聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂来治疗、延迟发病,或缓解彼等本揭示内容的标的疾病的记载。该套组可更包含选择适于治疗的个体的记载,其是基于鉴别该个体是否具有该标的疾病。在再其他实施方式中,该使用操作说明包含对一具有该标的疾病风险的个体投予该药物传输系统及该聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂的记载。
有关使用该药物传输系统及该聚乙二醇化修饰的治疗药剂的使用操作说明一般包括对该预定治疗的剂量、投药时程,以及投予途径的信息。容器可为单位剂量、大量包装(bulk packages)(例如复数剂量包装)或次单位剂量。本揭示内容的套组所提供的使用操作说明通常为标记或仿单(例如包括在该套组中的单张)上的书面使用操作说明,但亦可为机器可读式的使用操作说明(例如携带在磁性或光学存取碟上的使用操作说明)。
该标记或仿单指出用于治疗、延迟发病及/或缓解心脏疾病或病症的组合物。使用操作说明可用来实施任一种本揭示内容的方法。
本揭示内容的套组有适当包装。适当包装包括,但不限于,小瓶、瓶、罐、可挠性包装(例如密封于聚酯薄膜(Mylar)或塑料袋),以及其类似物。亦可考虑与特定装置,诸如吸入器、鼻腔投予装置(例如喷雾器)或输注装置诸如微量泵,组合使用的包装。套组可具有无菌出入孔(例如该容器可为静脉注射溶液袋或静脉注射溶液袋或具有皮下注射针头可刺穿的瓶塞的小瓶)。该容器亦可具有无菌出入孔(例如该容器可为静脉注射溶液袋或静脉注射溶液袋或具有皮下注射针头可刺穿的瓶塞的小瓶)。
套组非必要性地可提供额外的组分诸如缓冲液及解释信息。正常来说,该套组包含一容器及一附随该容器上的标记或仿单。在某些实施方式中,本揭示内容提供包含上文记载的套组的含量的制造物。
一般技术
本揭示内容的实施除非另外说明,将采用分子生物学(包括重组技术)、微生物学、细胞生物学、生物化学及免疫学的常规技术,这些技术均属于本领域技术范围之内。这些技术在公开文献中完整说明,诸如Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,secondedition(Sambrook,et al.,1989)Cold Spring Harbor Press;OligonucleotideSynthesis(M.J.Gait,ed.,1984);Methods in Molecular Biology,Humana Press;CellBiology:A Laboratory Notebook(J.E.Cellis,ed.,1998)Academic Press;Animal CellCulture(R.I.Freshney,ed.,1987);Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture(J.P.Mather and P.E.Roberts,1998)Plenum Press;Cell and Tissue Culture:Laboratory Procedures(A.Doyle,J.B.Griffiths,and D.G.Newell,eds.,1993-8)J.Wiley and Sons;Methods in Enzymology(Academic Press,Inc.);Handbook ofExperimental Immunology(D.M.Weir and C.C.Blackwell,eds.);Gene TransferVectors for Mammalian Cells(J.M.Miller and M.P.Calos,eds.,1987);CurrentProtocols in Molecular Biology(F.M.Ausubel,et al.,eds.,1987);PCR:ThePolymerase Chain Reaction,(Mullis,et al.,eds.,1994);Current Protocols inImmunology(J.E.Coligan et al.,eds.,1991);Short Protocols in Molecular Biology(Wiley and Sons,1999);Immunobiology(C.A.Janeway and P.Travers,1997);Antibodies(P.Finch,1997);Antibodies:a practical approach(D.Catty.,ed.,IRLPress,1988-1989);Monoclonal antibodies:a practical approach(P.Shepherd andC.Dean,eds.,Oxford University Press,2000);Using antibodies:a laboratorymanual(E.Harlow and D.Lane(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1999);TheAntibodies(M.Zanetti and J.D.Capra,eds.,Harwood Academic Publishers,1995)。
在无需过度解读的情形下,本所属领域技术人员基于上述的本揭示内容,可完整利用并实践本发明。因此,下文具体实施方式应解读为仅作为例示性的作用,而不应将其视为对本揭示内容的可能的其他实施方式的限制。本揭示内容所引用的所有公开文献,其全文皆视为本揭示内容的一部分。
在无需过度解读的情形下,本所属领域技术人员基于上述的本揭示内容,可完整利用并实践本发明。因此,下文具体实施方式应解读为仅作为例示性的作用,而不应将其视为对本揭示内容的可能的其他实施方式的限制。本揭示内容所引用的所有公开文献,其全文皆视为本揭示内容的一部分。
实施例1:抗-PEG抗体结合至PEG-接合的药剂
在37℃下,将在每升0.1摩尔的NaHCO3/Na2CO3(pH 8.0)中的抗-PEG抗体或控制抗体IgM(每毫升5微克)涂布在96-孔ELISA微孔板上4小时,接着在4℃下过夜。在室温下,利用在PBS中的2%脱脂牛奶封闭该微孔板2小时,然后以PBS清洗三次。将在PBS中的2%脱脂牛奶的聚乙二醇化修饰的化合物,包括PEG-Qd800s(Invitrogen)、Lipo-Dox(台湾东洋药品工业股份有限公司(TTY Biopharm,Taiwan),以及PEG-G-CSF(Pegfilgrastim)(Neulasta,Amgen)(或Creative Bioworks)进行序列稀释至不同的浓度并在室温下与该微孔板作用2小时。在清洗后,将该微孔板与检测抗体3.3-生物素(每毫升5微克)作用1小时,接着在室温下与HRP-接合的链霉亲和素(每毫升0.5微克)作用1小时。在室温下,将该微孔板与200微升ABTS溶液(每毫升0.4毫克的2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2’-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid))、0.003%的H2O2、每升100毫摩尔的磷酸盐柠檬酸盐、pH 4.0)避光作用15分钟。利用微孔板光谱分析仪测量405纳米吸光值。
基于ELISA结合测定的结果显示抗-PEG抗体成功地结合至所测试的多种PEG-接合的药剂。
实施例2:输送PEG-接合的药剂至心脏
将小鼠进行假手术,或心脏缺血-再灌注手术,将左前降支冠状动脉可逆地闭塞45分钟,接着进行再灌注。在手术后,立即将无菌生理食盐水、10微升的含有每微升0.5微克的控制抗体IgM或抗-PEG抗体(AGP6)的1%(重量/体积)玻尿酸水胶注射至该缺血的边界区域。30分钟后,经由尾静脉注射全身性投予在10微升生理食盐水中的聚乙二醇化修饰的量子点(PEG-QD800)。48小时候,经由腹主动脉将动物全身性灌注50毫升生理食盐水,并收集心脏及进行冷冻切片程序。将切片以肌钙蛋白I(Troponin I)进行染色以标定心肌细胞,在远红外线下可观察到量子点。
如图2所阐述,在该缺血区域检测到PEG-OD800,其中含有抗-PEG抗体的水胶植入在该区域,说明通过本揭示内容的药物传输系统,PEG-接合的药剂成功地输送至心脏。
实施例3:水胶的玻尿酸交联程度对抗体滞留率的效应
本研究目的在于探讨本揭示内容的包含HA的水胶的玻尿酸(HA)交联程度对抗体滞留率的效应。将荧光蛋白标记-接合的IgM抗体(源自小鼠)悬浮在具有0%、25%、50%、75%,或100%的玻尿酸交联程度的包含玻尿酸(HA)的水胶中。将该溶液注射至FVB小鼠的大腿肌肉。在注射后,通过光谱活体内影像系统立即定量在该注射位点的荧光强度,之后每天定量。
如图3所阐述,具有较高的玻尿酸交联百分比(例如100%)的水胶意外地显示较低的抗体滞留率,而较低玻尿酸交联百分比(例如25%及50%)显示较高的抗体滞留率。
其他实施方式
可将本说明书所揭示的所有特征任意组合成任一种组合。可将本说明书所揭示的每一种特征取代成另一种具有相同的、均等的或相类似的目的的替代特征。因此,除非本说明书另有明确声明,本揭示内容所揭示的每一种特征仅作为一是列通用的均等或相类似特征的实例。
本所属领域技术人员可轻易地自上文的叙述中判明本揭示内容的必要特征,且在不悖离本揭示内容的原理与精神的情形下,当可对其进行各种更动与修饰,以运用在各种用法及条件下。因此,其他实施方式亦在申请专利范围所界定的范围内。
均等实施方式
虽然在本揭示内容中已描述并说明了多个本揭示内容的发明实施方式,但是本所属领域技术人员将容易地构想多种其他方法及/或结构以进行本揭示内容所述的功能及/或获得本揭示内容所述的结果及/或一或多种优点,并且认为运些变化及/或改变中的每一个均在本揭示内容所述的本揭示内容的范围内。更一般来说,本所属领域技术人员将容易理解本揭示内容所述的全部参数、维度、材料和构造意指例示性的,且实际参数、维度、材料及/或构造将取决于本揭示内容的发明教示所使用的具体应用。本所属领域技术人员将仅仅了解或者能够确定常规实验,本揭示内容中描述了特定的本揭示内容的发明实施方式的均等实施方式。因此,应当理解,所呈现的前述实施方式仅为例示性的,并且在所述申请专利范围及其均等实施方式的范围内,本揭示内容的发明实施方式可以除具体描述和主张申请专利范围之外地实施本揭示内容发明实施方式。本揭示内容的发明实施方式指向本揭示内容所述的每个独立特征、系统、制品、材料、套组及/或方法。此外,只要所运用的特征、系统、制品、材料、套组及/或方法彼此不相矛盾,则该两种或者更多种运用的特征、系统、制品、材料、套组及/或方法包含于本揭示内容的发明范围内。
应当理解本揭示内容所定义和使用的全部定义优先于专业词典定义、通过引用并入本揭示内容的定义,及/或所定义术语的常规涵义。
相对于所引用的主题,本揭示内容所揭示的全部参考文献、专利和专利申请通过引用并入本揭示内容,在某些情况下,可涵盖该文件的全部内容。
除非明显呈现矛盾,否则如本说明书及申请专利范围中所使用的,不定冠词“一”(a)及“一”(an)一词应当理解为意指“至少一种”(at least one)。
如本说明书及申请专利范围中所使用的,“及/或”(and/or)一词应当理解为意指如此结合的元素“的一或二者”(either or both),亦即元素在某些情况下结合地出现而在另一些情况下分开出现。使用“及/或”列举的多个元素应当解释为相同形式,亦即“一或多种”如此结合的元素。无论是否与除具体地限定的彼等元素相关或不相关,除由“及/或”具体限定的元素以外非必要性地可存在其他元素。因此,作为非限制性实施例,参照“A及/或B”(A and/or B),当与开放式词语如“包含”(comprising)联合使用时,在一个实施方式中,其可仅指A(非必要性地包括除B以外的元素);在另一实施方式中,仅指B(非必要性地包括除A以外的元素);在另一实施方式中,指A及B二者(非必要性地包括其他元素);等。
如在本说明书及申请专利范围中所使用的,“或”(or)一词应当理解为于如上文所定义的“及/或”具有相同涵义。举例来说,当在列表中分开条目时,“或”或“及/或”应当解释为包括的,亦即包含元素数目或列表(非必要性地,额外的未列出的条目)中的至少一种,但亦包括多于一种。仅当术语明显矛盾时,(诸如“...中的仅一”(only one of)或“准确的一种”(exactly one of),或当用于申请专利范围时,“由...组成”(consisting of))时,是指包含元素数目或列表中的准确地一种元素。一般来说,当排他性术语(诸如“或”(either)、“…中的一”(one of)、“…中的仅一”(only one of)或“准确的一种”(exactly one of))前置时,本揭示内容所使用的“或”一词仅应当理解为是指排他性替代(亦即,“一种或另一种而非二者”(one or the other but not both))。当用于申请专利范围中时,“基本由...组成”(consisting essentially of)应当具有如用于专利法领域中的常规涵义。
如在本说明书及申请专利范围中所使用的,参照一或多种元素的列表,“至少一种”(at least one)应当理解为意指至少一种元素选自元素列表中任意一或多种元素,但非必然地包括元素列表中具体列出的每个元素的至少一种,且不排除元素列表中元素的任意组合。无论与具体限定的彼等元素相关或不相关,该定义亦允许非必要性地可存在除“至少一种”一词所指的元素列表中具体限定的元素以外的元素。因此,作为非限制性实例,“A及B的至少一种”(at least one of A and B)(或均等地,“A或B的至少一种”(at leastone of A or B),或均等地,“A及/或B的至少一种”(at least one of A and/or B))在一个实施方式中至少一种可指,非必要性地包括多于一种,A,不存在B(且非必要性地包括除B以外的元素);在另一实施方式中,至少一种是指,非必要性地包括多于一种,B,不存在A(且非必要性地包括除A以外的元素);在再另一实施方式中,至少一种是指,非必要性地包括多于一种,A,以及至少一种,非必要性地包括多于一种,B(且非必要性地包括其他元素);等。
应当理解,除非明显矛盾,否则在本揭示内容所请求保护的包括多于一个步骤或行为的任一种方法中,方法的步骤或行为的顺序非必然地限于其中所引用的方法的步骤或行为的顺序。
Claims (18)
1.一种用以将一治疗药剂输送至心脏的药物传输系统,包含一包埋于一水胶中的抗体,其中该抗体可与聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)结合,其中该水胶包含一或多种生物降解性聚合物,且至多约60%的该一或多种生物降解性聚合物包含链间(inter-chain)或链内(intra-chain)共价交联(covalent crosslink)。
2.如权利要求1所述的药物传输系统,其特征在于,该水胶包含玻尿酸(hyaluronicacid,HA)分子。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的药物传输系统,其特征在于,约25%至约50%的该一或多种生物降解性聚合物包含链间或链内共价交联。
4.如权利要求1至3所述的任一种药物传输系统,其特征在于,该抗体为一人类抗体或一人源化抗体。
5.如权利要求1至4所述的任一种药物传输系统,其特征在于,该抗体为一免疫球蛋白分子。
6.如权利要求5所述的药物传输系统,其特征在于,该免疫球蛋白分子为一IgM分子。
7.如权利要求1至6所述的任一种药物传输系统,其特征在于,在该药物传输系统中该抗体量约为0.5至1%(重量/体积)。
8.一种用以将一治疗药剂输送至心脏的套组,包含:
任一种如权利要求1至7所述的药物传输系统;以及
一用以治疗一心脏疾病的治疗药剂,其中该治疗药剂是与聚乙二醇接合。
9.如权利要求8所述的套组,其特征在于,该治疗药剂为一用以治疗缺血性心脏病或心肌梗塞的药物。
10.如权利要求8或权利要求9所述的套组,其特征在于,该治疗药剂为一生长因子。
11.如权利要求10所述的套组,其特征在于,该生长因子为选自由类胰岛素生长因子(insulin-like growth factor)、颗粒性白血球群落刺激因子(granulocyte-colonystimulating factor,G-CSF)、红血球生成素(erythropoietin)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor)、血小板衍生生长因子(platelet-derivedgrowth factor)、肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor)、神经调节蛋白(neuregulin)、神经滋养蛋白(neurotrophin)、纤维母细胞生长因子(fibroblast growthfactor)、基质细胞衍生因子(stromal cell-derived factor)、生长分化因子(growthdifferentiation factor)、转形生长因子(transforming growth factor)、胶细胞衍生神经滋养因子(glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor)、转移刺激因子(migrationstimulating factor),以及巨噬细胞刺激因子(macrophage stimulating factor)所组成的群组。
12.一种将一治疗药剂输送至心脏的方法,包含:
(i)对一罹患心脏病症或有罹患心脏病症风险的个体投予如权利要求1至7所述的任一种药物传输系统,其中将该药物传输系统置于发生或疑似发生该心脏病症的心脏区带;以及
(ii)全身性地投予一治疗该心脏病症的治疗药剂,其中该治疗药剂是与聚乙二醇接合。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,该心脏病症为心脏缺血或心肌梗塞。
14.如权利要求12或权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,每次对该个体投予约1至2毫升的该药物传输系统。
15.如权利要求12至14所述的任一种方法,其特征在于,对该个体多次投予该药物传输系统。
16.如权利要求12至14所述的任一种方法,其特征在于,仅对该个体投予一次该药物传输系统。
17.如权利要求12至16所述的任一种方法,其特征在于,该治疗药剂为一生长因子。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,该生长因子为选自由类胰岛素生长因子、颗粒性白血球群落刺激因子、红血球生成素、血管内皮生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、神经调节蛋白、神经滋养蛋白、纤维母细胞生长因子、基质细胞衍生因子、生长分化因子、转形生长因子、胶细胞衍生神经滋养因子、转移刺激因子,以及巨噬细胞刺激因子所组成的群组。
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