CN110301885B - Single visual chart and visual inspection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single visual chart and a visual acuity test method, wherein the single visual chart is a plane diagram consisting of at least 5 visual targets with the same size, the directions of the visual targets in the visual chart are 4, the margin distance between any two adjacent visual targets is more than half of the width of the single visual target, the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the vertical direction are different, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the horizontal direction are different. The invention can check the tested person for many times to obtain the authenticity of the main eyesight of the tested person by changing the structure of the visual chart, and change the checking distance and the size and direction of the visual target in the checking process, so that the readability of the structure of the visual chart is reduced, the tested person can only recognize the best visual target by the real eyesight and cannot disguise the eyesight, the disguised high eyesight of the tested person can be effectively overcome, the disguised eyesight can be found, and the checking accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vision detection, and particularly relates to a single visual acuity chart and a vision detection method.
Background
The eyesight is one of the commonly used indexes of human body function states, and China usually adopts the GB 11533 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart to test the eyesight, but the following problems mainly exist in the process of testing the eyesight:
the visual inspection results depend on subjective cooperation and mastery, and unrealistic conditions exist. The conventional visual acuity test method is as follows: the visual chart lists visual targets of various visual acuity, the standard test distance of 5 meters can correctly identify more than half of the minimum visual targets as the visual acuity, and the best visual acuity is the actual visual acuity of the tested person by default. Because the inspection process highly depends on subjective matching and the chief comments, when the chief comments are not true, the inspection result cannot reflect the true vision. For example: the direction of the visual target with higher vision in the 1 line to the 2 lines is remembered to disguise high vision, even if the vision is reduced and cannot be explained and disguised, clear judgment and conclusion cannot be made due to lack of basis, and false results are adopted.
The literature reports pseudo-blind detection methods such as a VEP method and a variable pitch method, wherein the VEP method is used for judging whether blindness is disguised by detecting the integrity of the whole visual pathway function. The variable-pitch method is used for detecting camouflage blindness by changing the distance between a person and an eye chart. For example: the invention patent application with publication number CN 107212849A discloses a method for testing the eyesight of a person, which adopts a distance-changing mode, namely, the distance between the person and an eyesight table is changed to test the eyesight of the person, the eyesight grade of the eyesight chart is not changed, the changed distance S and the retest eyesight grade a are recorded in the process of changing the distance, the distance between the person and the eyesight table is changed for many times, the distance and the retest eyesight grade are recorded, then the actual eyesight grade of the retest is converted, the blind fraud index is calculated, the eyesight difference between the normal test and the retest can be balanced through the calculation of the blind fraud index, and whether the blind fraud is detected or not is judged according to the size of the eyesight. The above-mentioned pseudo-blind method does not give the real vision of the person to be examined, still lacks the reliable visual chart, vision examination apparatus and method of examining the real vision at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the vision test result is not real and the disguised vision cannot be overcome in the existing vision test process, the invention provides a single visual chart and a vision test method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a single visual chart, which is a plan view consisting of at least 5 visual targets with the same size, wherein the visual targets in the visual chart have 4 directions, the blank distance between any two adjacent visual targets is more than half of the width of the visual targets, the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the vertical direction are different, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the horizontal direction are different.
Preferably, all the optotypes in the visual chart are arranged in a row, or arranged in a column, or arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, or arranged in a disordered way.
In order to achieve the purpose, the vision test method adopts the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart with the same visual acuity number to carry out test in an alternating mode, and comprises the following specific steps:
performing vision inspection through the single visual chart, enabling the single visual chart to be detected to move from far to near relative to the detected person, changing the inspection distance between the detected person and the single visual chart until the detected person can correctly identify the farthest distance of more than half of visual targets, and calculating and recording the inspected vision;
performing standard vision test through a standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at a test distance from a tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision;
in the process, the times of single visual acuity chart inspection are more than or equal to 1, and whether the visual acuity of the inspected person is false is judged according to the visual acuity difference between the inspected single visual acuity charts and between the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the above-mentioned visual acuity is within 1 standard line of sight, then: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight false of the standard logarithmic visual chart test is not found;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight can not reach 2 standard eyesight, but there is contradiction that can't be reasonably explained between every eyesight, it is probably subjective unmatched, the eyesight of the standard logarithmic visual chart inspection may be false eyesight.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the single visual chart is composed of at least 5 visual targets with the same size, and when the visual test is carried out, the test distance of the single visual chart is changed, and the size and the direction of the visual targets in the single visual chart are changed, so that the situation that a person to be tested is familiar with the arrangement sequence of the visual targets to be disguised can be effectively prevented, and the test accuracy is improved.
(2) The vision testing device adopts two different visual charts, namely a single visual chart and a standard logarithmic visual chart, to carry out vision testing, and because the single visual chart is composed of at least 5 visual targets with the same size, the testing distance of the single visual chart and the size and the direction of the visual targets in the single visual chart are changed, the arrangement sequence of the visual targets marked by a tested person can be effectively prevented from being disguised, the disguised high vision can be effectively overcome, and the testing accuracy is improved, so that the visual difference tested by the single visual chart and the standard logarithmic visual chart is used for judging whether the vision tested by the standard logarithmic visual chart is false or not.
(3) The vision testing device is provided with the movable supporting device and the visual target size setting module, the distance of the visual chart is changed by moving the movable supporting device, the size of the visual target is set by the visual target size setting module, the size and the distance of the visual target used in each test are different when the vision is tested, and the test is repeated for many times, so that the test result is more accurate. For example, a person to be tested has a decimal vision of 0.25, and the test preferably indicates that the vision has: a distance of 4.4 meters identifies 0.3 optotypes, 5 meters identifies 0.27 optotypes, 6.3 meters identifies 0.2 optotypes, and so on.
(4) The invention relates to a visual inspection device and an inspection method, which are used for inspecting the real vision, namely the minimum visual angle of vision. The visual chart structure which can be recited is lacked due to diversified inspection, so that the person who pretends to be high-vision only can recognize the best visual target by the real vision, and the person who pretends to be high-vision cannot pretend to be high-vision.
(5) Because the vision test is highly dependent on the subjective cooperation of the tested person, if the conditions of not actively watching or not identifying the sighting target and the like occur, the real vision of the person cannot be obtained through test. If the vision is different obviously through multiple tests, the repeated vision verification principle is violated, and the subjective mismatch judgment can be made according to the principle. The vision inspection device and the inspection method of the invention utilize the subjective mismatch judgment conclusion to carry out subjective mismatch judgment, accord with the vision inspection rule, are scientific and reliable, improve the variety of the vision inspection conclusion, can effectively prevent the person who pretends to be visual to obtain improper benefit, and have positive and important practical significance.
(6) When the vision test device and the test method are used for testing the vision, various preventive measures can be comprehensively used for preventing the tested person from disguising the vision, such as: checking interval eye closure and resting, and reducing the temporary memory of the sighting target and the distance; and randomly using the visual chart with different visual target directions to prevent the arrangement sequence of the visual targets from being mastered, and the like.
(7) The vision test device and the test method of the invention use visual targets with different visual charts and different sizes and change the test distance from far to near or 5m standard test distance in each test when performing vision test, the test result depends on the best vision, the subjective unmatched person does not give a vision test conclusion, and the vision conclusion is real and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1-4 are schematic structural diagrams of single vision charts according to embodiments 1-4 of the present invention, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a standard logarithmic visual chart according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the construction of a vision testing device according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the configuration of a vision testing apparatus according to embodiment 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the configuration of a vision testing apparatus according to embodiment 8 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a control unit in the vision testing apparatus according to embodiment 8 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention provides a single visual chart, which is a plan view consisting of at least 5 visual targets with the same size, wherein the directions of the visual targets in the visual chart are 4, the blank distance between any two adjacent visual targets is more than half of the width of the visual targets, the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the vertical direction are different, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the horizontal direction are different. By changing the inspection distance of the single visual chart and changing the size and the direction of the visual marks in the single visual chart, the arrangement sequence of the visual marks can be effectively prevented from being mastered by the inspected person for disguising, the disguised high vision of the inspected person can be effectively overcome, and the inspection accuracy is improved.
The invention also provides a visual inspection device, which is used for carrying out multiple inspections through the alternate transformation of different visual charts to realize the real visual inspection of the inspected person, and the inspection distance and the size and the direction of the visual targets are transformed in the inspection process, so that the visual chart structure can be lowered in recite, the inspected person can only recognize the best visual target by the real visual acuity and cannot disguise the visual acuity, the disguised high visual acuity of the inspected person can be effectively overcome, the inspection accuracy is high, the disguised single-eye visual acuity can be found, and the disguised double-eye visual acuity can be found.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, a single visual chart, in this single visual chart, including 5 the same sighting marks of size, 5 sighting marks arrange and are squarely, wherein, 4 sighting marks are located square four angles departments, and 1 sighting mark is located square central point department, and the margin distance between arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting marks is more than half of sighting mark width, and arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting mark directions are different in the vertical direction, and arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting mark directions are different in the horizontal direction.
Example 2: referring to fig. 2, a single visual chart, in this single visual chart, including 5 the same sighting marks of size, 5 sighting marks arrange into 2 lines, include 2 sighting marks in the first line, include 3 sighting marks in the second line, the sighting mark of first line and the staggered arrangement of sighting mark of second line, and the margin distance between arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting marks is more than half of sighting mark width, and arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting mark directions are different in the horizontal direction.
Example 3: referring to fig. 3, a single visual acuity chart, in this single visual acuity chart, including 9 sighting marks that size is the same, 9 sighting marks form a column and a row for every 3 sighting marks, form nine palace check, the margin distance between arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting marks is more than half of the sighting mark width, and arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting marks direction is different in the vertical direction, arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting mark directions are different in the horizontal direction.
Example 4: referring to fig. 4, a single visual chart, in this single visual chart, including 9 the same sighting marks of size, 9 sighting marks arrange into 2 lines, include 5 sighting marks in the first line, include 4 sighting marks in the second line, the sighting mark in the first line and the staggered arrangement of sighting mark in the second line, the margin distance between arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting marks is more than half of sighting mark width, arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting mark directions are different in the horizontal direction.
Example 5: referring to fig. 5, a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which is prepared according to the national standard of the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart of GB 11533, is to adjust the visual acuity in each row of the standard logarithmic hyperopia chart (appendix a) to 5 visual acuity charts. Specifically, the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart comprises 14 rows of visual targets which are arranged from top to bottom according to the size, the visual acuity of the 14 visual targets is respectively 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 according to 5 minutes of record, the row spacing is 24mm, the blank distance between any two adjacent visual targets in each row is only required to be more than half of the width of the visual targets, the visual target width in fig. 5 is half, and the number of each visual target in each visual target identification standard in the process of identifying the unified visual acuity is the same. The number of optotypes in each row may be 7, 9 or more, in addition to 5 optotypes in each row.
Example 6: referring to fig. 6, a vision testing device comprises an eye chart, a first supporting device 1 and a distance measuring device 2, wherein the eye chart is detachably mounted on a supporting plate 11 of the first supporting device; the visual acuity chart comprises the single visual acuity chart of any one of the embodiments 1-4 and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart of the embodiment 5, the distance measuring device 2 is used for measuring the distance between a tested person and the visual acuity chart to be tested, and the visual acuity chart to be tested is the visual acuity chart. When measuring, the tested person is far away from or close to the first supporting device, and the testing distance between the tested person and the visual chart is changed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the vision testing apparatus further comprises a moving device, the moving device is used for realizing the relative movement between the visual chart and the tested person, specifically, the first supporting device comprises a bottom first bracket 12 and a supporting plate 11 mounted on the first bracket 12, and the moving device is a wheel 13 fixed at the bottom of the first bracket 12.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance measuring device is a ruler disposed on the ground, the ruler is disposed between the first supporting device and the person to be tested, and the wheel moves linearly along the ruler. When the distance between the inspected person and the visual chart is changed, the first supporting device is made to move along the scale, and after the first supporting device stops moving, the testing distance corresponding to the inspection sighting mark is obtained.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance measuring device is a slide rail with a scale, the slide rail is disposed between the first supporting device and the person to be tested, and the wheel is in sliding fit with the slide rail. When the distance between the inspected person and the visual chart is changed, the first supporting device moves along the sliding rail, and when the first supporting device stops moving, the testing distance corresponding to the inspection sighting mark is obtained.
Any other device capable of performing the above distance measurement may be used as the distance measuring device of the present embodiment.
In the vision testing apparatus of this embodiment, the number of each optotype in each visual chart may be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more, and may be specifically set according to actual situations.
In order to meet the illumination requirement of the visual chart, at least one illuminating lamp is arranged at four corners of the supporting plate 11, and any two adjacent illuminating lamps are symmetrically arranged. The number of the illuminating lamps is not limited to one at one corner, and can be two, three or more; the positions of the illuminating lamps are not limited to four corners, and can also be four sides, the number of the illuminating lamps is not limited to one side, and can also be two, three or more, and the illuminating lamps are specifically set according to the size of the visual chart and the illumination requirements.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the above vision testing apparatus further includes an eye chart installation and adjustment device, the eye chart installation and adjustment device includes a first magnet and a second magnet that attract each other, the first magnet is fixedly installed on the single vision chart and the standard logarithmic vision chart, and the second magnet is installed on the support plate of the first support device. The single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart are automatically installed on the supporting plate of the first supporting device through the magnetic force action between the first magnet and the second magnet. When the visual target is used, the visual chart is detachably arranged on the first supporting device, and the installation direction of the visual chart can be manually changed, so that the direction of the visual target is changed.
The more the reference objects are, the higher the possibility that the tested person finds the visual target rule by using the reference objects is, the more easily the tested person disguises the vision, in order to reduce the possibility that the tested person disguises by using the reference objects, the first magnet is fixedly arranged on the back of various visual charts, and each corner is provided with one first magnet, wherein the first magnet can be in the shape of a ring, a strip, a square, a triangle and the like, can be in a regular shape, can be in an irregular shape and is determined according to the size of the visual charts. Similarly, the number of the second magnets is the same as that of the first magnets, the shapes thereof are the same as or similar to those of the first magnets, and the mounting positions thereof correspond to the first magnets one to one. In addition, in order to prevent the magnet from being used as a reference object by the person to be inspected, the first magnet and the second magnet have the same color as the ground color of the visual chart, and the second magnet is embedded in the support plate of the first support device so that the upper surface of the second magnet is on the same horizontal plane as the surface of the support plate.
Further, in order to prevent the examinee from visually disguising the support plate for mounting the eye chart as a reference, the color of the support plate is the same as the ground color of the eye chart.
The inspection steps are as follows:
s1, performing vision test through the single visual chart, moving the single visual chart to be tested from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the distance between the tested person and the single visual chart to the farthest distance that the tested person can correctly recognize more than half of visual targets, and calculating and recording the tested vision;
s2, performing standard vision test through the standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at the test distance from the tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision;
s3, in the process, the number of times of single visual acuity chart inspection is more than or equal to 1, whether the visual acuity of the inspected person is false is judged according to the visual acuity difference between the inspected single visual acuity charts and between the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and the specific judgment method is as follows:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the above-mentioned visual acuity is within 1 standard line of sight, then: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight false of the standard logarithmic visual chart test is not found;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight can not reach 2 standard eyesight, but there is contradiction that can't be reasonably explained between every eyesight, it is probably subjective unmatched, the eyesight of the standard logarithmic visual chart inspection may be false eyesight.
In the actual examination process, the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart can be replaced by the hyperopia chart (appendix A) in the national standard of the GB 11533 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart can be preferably used for unifying the identification standard of each visual target in the visual acuity identification process. Meanwhile, in order to avoid system errors caused by different visual target numbers in the inspection process, the visual target numbers in the single visual target and the standard logarithmic visual target adopted by the same inspected person are the same.
This embodiment eyesight test device, when carrying out eyesight test, adopt different eyesight test chart alternate transformation inspection, when adopting single eyesight test chart to inspect, the transform is by the distance between inspection person and the eyesight test chart that awaits measuring, thereby obtain the best eyesight of being inspected person (the visual target of a certain size is at the minimum visual target of farthest inspection distance or a certain inspection distance, can correctly recognize more than half visual targets be best eyesight promptly), judge whether the eyesight of standard logarithm eyesight test is false according to the poor judgement standard of the eyesight between the different eyesight test results, can effectively overcome and pretend high eyesight. And the direction of the visual target in the visual chart can be manually adjusted through the visual chart installation adjusting device, the visual chart is disassembled and assembled through the magnetic force action of the magnet and the magnet, and the visual chart is convenient to replace and install.
Example 7: referring to fig. 7, a vision testing device includes an eye chart, a first supporting means 1, a distance measuring means 2, a second supporting means 7, and a mirror 8, the first supporting means 1 being placed opposite to the second supporting means 7; the visual chart is detachably mounted on the first supporting device 1, the mirror is mounted on the second supporting device, the mirror and the single visual chart or the standard logarithmic visual chart are oppositely arranged, the visual chart comprises the single visual chart in any one of the embodiments 1-4 and the standard logarithmic visual chart in the embodiment 5, the distance measuring device 2 is used for measuring the distance between a tested person and the visual chart to be tested, and the visual chart to be tested is the image of the visual chart in the mirror.
The first support means comprises a bottom first bracket 12 and a support plate 11 mounted on the first bracket 12. The second support device is a bracket, and the mirror is positioned at the top of the bracket.
The vision testing device of this embodiment further includes a moving device for realizing the relative movement of the tested person with respect to the mirror (visual chart therein). Specifically, the moving means is a wheel 13 fixed at the bottom of the first bracket 12; or wheels fixed to the bottom of the second bracket.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the above-mentioned vision testing apparatus further includes an eye chart installation and adjustment apparatus, and the structure of the eye chart installation and adjustment apparatus is the same as that in embodiment 6, and is not described herein again.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance measuring device is a ruler disposed on the ground, and the ruler is disposed between the first supporting device and the second supporting device. When the wheel is fixed at the bottom of the first supporting device, the first supporting device is made to move along the scale, the distance between the inspected person and the visual chart to be inspected is changed, and after the first supporting device stops moving, the testing distance corresponding to the inspection visual target is obtained; when the wheel is fixed in second strutting arrangement bottom, make second strutting arrangement remove along the scale, change by the inspection people and the distance between the visual chart that awaits measuring, wait that second strutting arrangement stops to remove the back, acquire the test distance that this inspection sighting mark corresponds.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance measuring device is a sliding rail with a scale, the scale is disposed between the first supporting device and the second supporting device, and the wheel is in sliding fit with the sliding rail. And changing the distance between the tested person and the visual chart to be tested, and obtaining the testing distance corresponding to the testing visual target.
When vision test is carried out, the second support device is positioned in front of the tested person, the first support device is positioned behind the tested person, and the first support device or the second support device needs to be moved when the distance is changed.
The checking procedure is the same as in example 6, and is not repeated herein.
Other contents of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 6, and are not described herein again.
Example 8: referring to fig. 8 and 9, a vision testing device includes a first supporting device, a control unit 3, a visual chart display screen 4 and a visual result display screen 5 connected to the control unit 3, and a displacement sensor 6 connected to the control unit 3, where the visual chart display screen 4 and the displacement sensor 6 are both installed on the first supporting device, the control unit 3 is provided with a data storage module 31, a visual chart selection module 32, a single visual chart generation module 33 for generating a single visual chart, a standard visual chart generation module 34 for generating a standard logarithmic visual chart, and a visual calculation module 35 for calculating visual acuity, and the visual chart calculation module 35, the visual chart selection module 32, the single visual chart generation module 33, and the standard visual chart generation module 34 are respectively connected to the data storage module 31. The single visual acuity chart generating module 33 and the standard visual acuity chart generating module 34 respectively convey the generated single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart to the data storage module 31 for storage, the visual acuity chart selecting module 32 selects a visual acuity chart from the data storage module 31 and sends the selected visual acuity chart to the visual acuity chart display screen 4 for display, an inspector performs visual acuity inspection on the inspected person according to the visual acuity chart displayed on the visual acuity chart display screen 4, the visual acuity inspection result is recorded into the data storage module, the data storage module stores the visual acuity of the inspected person in real time, the displacement sensor sends the distance between the inspected person and the first supporting device during the visual acuity inspection to the data storage module 31 for storage in the process, the visual acuity calculating module 35 calculates the visual acuity according to the distance during the inspection and the visual acuity of the inspection and sends the calculated visual acuity to the data storage module 31 for storage, the data storage module 31 sends the tested eyesight to the eyesight result display screen 5 for display.
As a preferred implementation manner of this embodiment, the eyesight test device further includes an intelligent moving device, a target indication module 39 and a target recognizer 9, the intelligent moving device includes a wheel 13 at the bottom of the first supporting device, a driving motor connected to the wheel, and a brake on the wheel, the driving motor and the brake are respectively connected to a driving module 40 in the control unit, the target indication module 39 is used for indicating a target to be recognized by a tested person, the target recognizer 9 is used for confirming that the target is to be recognized and inputting a target recognition result to be recognized, and the driving module 40, the target indication module 39 and the target recognizer 9 are all connected to the data storage module 31.
The driving module 9 drives the first supporting device to move to a position to be detected according to the operation of the visual chart driving motor selected by the visual chart selecting module 32, specifically, for the standard logarithmic visual chart, the first supporting device is moved to a set checking distance (for the standard logarithmic visual chart in embodiment 5, the checking distance between the eye node of the person to be checked and the visual chart is 5m), and for the single visual chart, the first supporting device is moved from far to near to the person to be checked. When a person to be inspected prepares to identify the eyesight of the eye chart, the start of identification is confirmed by the eyesight target recognizer 9, the data storage 31 obtains and stores the distance from the person to be inspected to the single eyesight table when the identification is started, the eyesight target indicating module 39 sequentially indicates the eyesight targets in the eyesight table to wait for the identification of the person to be inspected, the person to be inspected inputs the identification results of the directions (up, down, left and right) of the eyesight targets or unclear identification results in the eyesight target recognizer, the identification results are sent to the data storage module 31 for storage, the eyesight calculating module 35 first obtains the eyesight targets indicated by the eyesight target indicating module from the data storage module, then confirms whether the person to be inspected can identify more than half of the eyesight targets according to the identification results, if yes, calculates the eyesight of the person to be inspected according to the distance and the inspected eyesight targets, and sends the eyesight of the person to be inspected to the data storage module 31 for storage, the data storage module 31 stores the inspected eyesight (including the detection by the single eyesight table, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart) to the vision result display screen 5 for display.
As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the control unit further includes a pretend vision determination module 42, where the pretend vision determination module 42 is connected to the data storage module 31, obtains the vision detected by the single vision chart and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic vision chart from the data storage module 31, compares the multiple times of vision, determines whether the vision is false according to the determination method in embodiment 6 or 7, sends the determination result to the data storage module for storage, and sends the determination result of the person to be tested to the vision result display screen 5 for display.
When the vision test is carried out, the single vision chart generation module generates the single vision chart, the vision of the tested person is tested in a mode of alternately testing the single vision chart and the standard logarithmic vision chart, and the testing accuracy is higher.
With continued reference to fig. 9, the control unit 3 further includes a optotype size setting module 36 for setting the size of the optotype, and the optotype size setting module 36 is connected to the single vision chart generating module 33 and the standard vision chart generating module 34, respectively. The size of the visual target is set through the visual target size setting module, the size of the set visual target is respectively sent to the single visual chart generation module 33 and the standard visual chart generation module 34, the single visual chart generation module 33 and the standard visual chart generation module 34 generate the visual chart according to the obtained visual target size, the generated visual chart is sent to the data storage module 31 to be stored, and the size of the visual target in the generated visual chart is the same as the size of the set visual target.
With continued reference to fig. 9, the control unit 3 further includes a sighting target direction setting module 38 for setting a sighting target direction, and the sighting target direction setting module 38 is respectively connected with the single vision chart generating module 33 and the standard vision chart generating module 34. The direction of the visual target is set through the visual target direction setting module and is respectively sent to the single visual target generating module 33 and the standard visual target generating module 34, the single visual target generating module 33 and the standard visual target generating module 34 generate the visual target according to the acquired visual target direction, the generated visual target is sent to the data storage module 31 to be stored, and the direction of the visual target in the generated visual target is the same as the set direction of the visual target.
With continued reference to fig. 9, the control unit 3 further includes a optotype arrangement setting module 39 for performing distribution arrangement on the optotype positions, and the optotype arrangement setting module 39 is connected to the single vision chart generating module 33 and the standard vision chart generating module 34, respectively. The arrangement positions of the visual targets are set through the visual target arrangement setting module and are respectively sent to the single visual chart generating module 33 and the standard visual chart generating module 34, the single visual chart generating module 33 and the standard visual chart generating module 34 generate a visual chart according to the obtained visual target arrangement positions and send the generated visual chart to the data storage module 31 for storage, and the arrangement positions of the visual targets in the generated visual chart are the same as the arrangement positions of the set visual targets.
In the vision testing apparatus of this embodiment, the number of optotypes in each visual chart may be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more, and may be specifically set according to actual conditions.
The vision inspection device adopts different visual charts to alternately change and inspect, when a single visual chart is adopted for inspection, the inspection distance between an inspected person and the visual chart is changed, so that the best vision of the inspected person is obtained (namely, more than half of visual targets can be correctly identified as the best vision in the minimum visual target with the farthest inspection distance or a certain inspection distance of the visual targets with a certain size), whether the vision inspected by the visual chart is false or not is judged according to the visual difference between the visual inspection results of different visual charts and each time, and the disguised high vision can be effectively overcome and the disguised vision can be found.
The checking procedure is the same as in example 5, and is not repeated here. Different from embodiment 5, in this embodiment, the direction of the optotype is automatically changed, the size of the optotype is automatically changed, and the arrangement position of the optotype is automatically changed.
Example 9: a vision test method, which adopts the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart with the same number of visual targets to carry out test by alternate transformation, comprises the following specific steps:
s1, performing vision test through the single visual chart, moving the single visual chart to be tested from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the test distance between the tested person and the single visual chart to the farthest distance that the tested person can correctly recognize more than half of the visual targets, and calculating and recording the tested vision;
s2, performing standard vision test through the standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at the test distance from the tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision;
s3, in the process, the number of times of single visual acuity chart inspection is more than or equal to 1, whether the visual acuity of the inspected person is false is judged according to the visual acuity difference between the inspected single visual acuity charts and between the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and the specific judgment method is as follows:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the above-mentioned visual acuity is within 1 standard vision row, namely: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight false of the standard logarithmic visual chart test is not found;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the visual acuity of the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart test cannot reach 2 standard visual acuity, namely: the visual difference is less than 2 standard visual lines, but the contradiction which cannot be reasonably explained exists between every two visual acuity, the subjective noncompliance is possible, and the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic visual chart is possible to be false visual acuity.
In the above steps, steps S1 and S2 may be interchanged with each other, that is: s1, performing standard vision test through the standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at the test distance from the tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision; and S2, performing vision inspection through the single visual chart, enabling the single visual chart to be inspected to move from far to near relative to the inspected person, changing the inspection distance between the inspected person and the single visual chart to be inspected to the farthest distance at which the inspected person can correctly identify more than half of visual targets, and calculating and recording the inspected vision. As long as the adjacent steps are not checked by using the same visual chart, the sequence between different visual charts can be exchanged, which is not described herein.
When the visual acuity test is carried out, the distance of the visual acuity test is 2-7 meters, and the single visual acuity chart moves from a position of 7 meters to a position of 2 meters. The single visual chart moves from far to near, so that the situation that the checked person is disguised by the arrangement sequence of the marked visual marks can be effectively prevented, and the checking accuracy is improved.
During each visual acuity test, the direction of the visual targets in the visual acuity test chart is manually or automatically changed, so that the visual targets in the visual acuity test chart used for each visual acuity test are different in direction. By changing the direction of the visual targets, the tested person is prevented from perusally recording the arrangement sequence of the visual targets so as to disguise the vision, and the testing accuracy is further improved.
When the eyesight test is carried out, in order to further improve the accuracy of the test, the size difference of the visual targets used in each test exceeds 1 standard eyesight row, and the visual charts adopted in the two adjacent eyesight tests are different. Different visual charts are adopted for inspection, the size difference of the inspected sighting marks is more than 1 standard visual line, the inspection accuracy can be improved by changing the size of the inspected sighting marks, and the disguised vision can be effectively found.
When the eyesight test is carried out, in order to further improve the test accuracy, the time interval of each test is at least 5 minutes, and the tested person takes a sound-proof and light-proof eye-closing rest in the time interval. The time interval is adopted to let the checked person have a rest close to the eyes, so that the short memory of the visual target and the checking distance is reduced, the influence of the checked person on the short memory of the visual target and the checking distance is prevented, and the checking accuracy is further improved.
When the eyesight test is carried out, in order to ensure the correctness of the tested eyesight, the single eyesight test chart and the standard logarithmic eyesight test chart are tested at least once, the more the test times are, the higher the correctness of the tested eyesight is, and the test times and the times of using various eyesight test charts can be specifically selected according to the actual condition of a tested person.
For example: the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart are tested for 1 time, and the visual acuity test is carried out according to the sequence of the single visual acuity chart test and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart test. The various visual charts are checked once respectively, compared with the existing checking method, the checking accuracy is high, but compared with the method for checking for multiple times by using various visual charts, the checking accuracy is lowest by only adopting a mode of checking once respectively.
Another example is: and (3) carrying out standard logarithmic visual acuity chart inspection for 1 time and single visual acuity chart inspection for 2 times, and sequentially carrying out visual acuity inspection according to the inspection sequence of single visual acuity chart inspection-standard logarithmic visual acuity chart-single visual acuity chart inspection. The single visual chart is adopted for carrying out two times of inspection, so that the disguised vision can be better found, and the accuracy of the inspection is further improved.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the single vision chart, the vision testing device and the testing method of the present invention, the single vision chart, the vision testing device and the testing method of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific experiments.
Experiment:
the tested person: volunteers 25, age: 19-25 years old, male and female, and cultural degree: above high school, the purpose and flow of the experiment are clear, and the experiment is willing to be actively matched. The checking distance is as follows: 2 m-7 m, the relationship between the decimal vision and the visual target and the inspection distance is as follows:
vision is the visual standard vision multiplied by the testing distance/5
The single visual acuity chart adopts a single visual acuity chart consisting of 5 visual targets shown in fig. 1.
The relationship between the optotype and the vision of each eye chart is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| 5 fen eyesight | View angle α (') | Design distance D (m) | Side length of sighting mark (mm) | Decimal vision V |
| 5-lgα | 10n | |
5× |
1/α |
In Table 1, ρ is a mathematical symbol, and 1' is an arc number of 2.90888 × 10-4rad。
Two examiners are selected to use the eyesight examination device to carry out examination according to the following procedures in sequence:
and S1, the first examiner examines the real vision of the examinee according to the standard logarithmic visual chart and records the vision 1.
And S2, the tested person independently selects the camouflage vision or the non-camouflage vision, when the camouflage vision is selected, the tested person must reduce the real vision or improve the vision by more than 2 lines, and the test can be repeatedly carried out to ensure that the camouflage is successful. The first examiner examines the real vision or disguised vision of the examinee according to the standard logarithmic visual chart and records the vision 2; if the pretend vision is selected, the examinee is informed of replacing the examiner at the same time, and during the examination by the second examiner, the examinee should keep the pretend vision, and if the examinee is found not matched, the pretend vision is failed.
Disguising vision aids: and (4) a standard logarithmic visual chart used in the reduction printing experiment is posted and is close to the detected person.
And S3, replacing the visual chart with a single visual chart, carrying out visual inspection on the inspected person by a second inspector through the single visual chart, moving the single visual chart from a position of 7 meters to the near part of the inspected person to the farthest distance of correctly identifying more than 3 visual targets, calculating the vision and recording the vision 3.
And S4, replacing the visual chart with a standard logarithmic visual chart, and carrying out visual inspection on the inspected person by the second inspector through the standard logarithmic visual chart to record the vision 4.
S5, the second examiner independently makes a judgment conclusion on the eyesight 4, and the specific judgment method is as follows: if the vision difference between the vision 3 obtained by checking the vision in the step S3 and the vision 4 checked in the step S4 is more than 2 standard vision lines (namely the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines), the test is unmatched, and the vision 4 is false; the judgment conclusion on vision 4 is recorded.
And S6, inspecting the real vision of the person to be inspected by the Ding order, inspecting the real vision of the person to be inspected by the first inspector according to the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and recording the vision 5.
And evaluating the judgment conclusion of vision 4 according to vision 1, vision 2 and vision 5.
Table 2 test results of vision test
Referring to table 2, it can be seen from the experimental results that 25 experimental samples, 5 cases of real vision, 3 and 4 cases of vision, have the visual difference within 1 standard visual line. The 10 cases of false judgment are all from disguised vision, and the judgment accuracy is 100%.
Of the 20 cases of camouflaged vision, 10 cases were judged to be false, and the finding rate was 50%. 2 cases of high vision are disguised, and the discovery rate is 100%; 18 cases of low vision are disguised, 8 cases are found, the finding rate is 44.4%, and in addition, 10 cases of disguised low vision people have the eyesight difference between the 3 vision and the 4 vision within 1 standard eyesight row and are not found.
The experiment shows that the single visual acuity chart, the visual acuity test device and the visual acuity test method are used for carrying out visual acuity test on a tested person, the detection result shows that the disguised visual acuity discovery rate is about 50%, wherein the disguised high visual acuity discovery rate is 100%, and the disguised low visual acuity discovery rate is about 44%, so that subjective unmatched and disguised visual acuity can be effectively found, evidence support is provided for social problems related to social security, personal injury insurance claims and the like, and the disguise person is prevented from obtaining improper benefits, and the visual acuity chart, the visual acuity test device and the visual acuity test method have very important practical significance.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are possible within the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for vision test is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
performing vision inspection through the single visual chart, enabling the single visual chart to be detected to move from far to near relative to the detected person, changing the inspection distance between the detected person and the single visual chart to be detected until the detected person can correctly identify the farthest distance of more than half of visual targets, and calculating and recording the inspected vision;
performing standard vision test through a standard logarithmic visual chart, and recording the tested vision;
in the process, the times of testing the single visual acuity charts are more than or equal to 1, and whether the visual acuity of the tested person is false is judged according to the visual acuity difference between the tested single visual acuity charts and between the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart; the judging method comprises the following steps:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the vision difference is within 1 standard line of sight, then: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight detected by the standard logarithmic visual chart is not found to be false eyesight;
if the eyesight difference reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the eyesight difference does not reach 2 standard eyesight and is more than 1 standard eyesight, namely: 1, the eyesight difference is less than 2 standard eyesight lines, but the contradiction which cannot be reasonably explained exists among the eyesight, the subjective noncompliance is possible, and the eyesight tested by a standard logarithmic visual chart is possible to be false eyesight;
the single visual chart is a plan view formed by at least 5 visual targets with the same size, wherein the directions of the visual targets are 4, any adjacent 2 visual target directions in the vertical direction are different, any adjacent 2 visual target directions in the horizontal direction are different, and the size and the direction of the visual targets in the single visual chart are changed during visual inspection.
2. A method of vision testing as defined in claim 1, wherein the targets in each eye chart are oriented manually or automatically at each vision test to vary the orientation of the targets in each eye chart for each test.
3. A method of vision testing as defined in claim 1, wherein the difference in the size of the optotypes used in each test exceeds 1 standard visual acuity row, and the visual acuity charts used in two adjacent tests are different.
4. A method of visual testing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the time interval for each test is at least 5 minutes, and wherein the person is resting on an acoustic and light-blocking eye closure during the time interval.
5. A method of vision testing as defined in claim 1, in which the margin distance between any adjacent 2 optotypes is more than half the optotype width.
6. The method of vision testing of claim 1, wherein all optotypes in said single vision chart are arranged in a row, or in a column, or in a plurality of rows and columns, or in a scrambled arrangement.
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